Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe m o
CAC KET QUA T U VAN DANH GIA TAC DONG MOI TRirdNG VA CAI TAO, PHUC HOI MOI TRUdNG
cho cac du' a n k h a i t h a c than - khoang san
The consultation for making the reports on assessing the environmental impacts and the project of the environmental reclamation has supported the mineral mining enterprises to comply the statutory regulations on the environmental protection and provided them fundamental bases to carry out the next steps of the project. So far, the mineral mining enterprises have paid much attention to the assessment of the assessing the environmental impacts and the project of the environmental reclamation and through it, increased the recognition on the environmental protection
TS. NGUYCN Q U 6 C THJNH
ThS. BUI THANH HOANG
ThS. NGUreN TI^N DUNG VA NNK Vign Khoa hgc Cdng nghi Md - Vinacomin
Nhdm tudn thu Luat Bao vd Mdi trudnq s l 52/2005/QH11 duge Quoc hpi Nude Cyng hod Xd hpi Chu nghTa Vidt Nam thdng qua ngdy 29/11/2005 (ed hidu lue ngdy 01 thdng 07 ndm 2006); Nghi dmh so 29/2011/ND-CP ngdy 18 thdng 04 ndm 2011 eua Chinh phu quy c^nh v l ddnh gid tac dyng mdi tardng chiln luyc, ddnh gid tde dpng mdi trudng, eam kit bao vd mdi tardng vd Quylt djnh so 71/2008/QD-TTg ngdy 29/5/2008 eua Thu tudng Chinh phu v l ky quy eai tao, phgc hoi mdi trudng d i i vdi hoat dpng khai thde khodng san, trong thdi gian vCra qua, Vidn Khoa hpc Cdng nghd Md Vinacomin da tham gia hd try ede doanh nghidp trong Tap dodn Cdng nghidp Than Khoang san Viyt Nam (Vinacomin) trong qud trinh lap bdo edo ddnh gid tdc dpng mdi trudng (DTM) vd dy an eai tao, phgc hoi mdi trudng (CTPHMT) eho ede dy an khai thde than khoang san (bao gom ed cde du an dau t u khai
thde mdi vd dy dn eai tao, md rdng ndng cdng suit). Cde bdo edo DTM vd dy dn CTPHMT diln hinh da duyc thyc hidn duye gidi thidu trong bang 1:
1. Kdt qua ldp bao cao DTM.
Cde bdo cdo DTM do Vidn Khoa hoc Cdng nghd Md ldp da phdn tich, dy bdo eac tdc dpng mdi trudng vd cdc sy e l , rui ro ed t h i xay ra trong qud trinh hoat ddng khai thde.
Trdn ea sd dd, 6k xult cdc giai phdp giam thilu d i n mu'c t i i da khi triln khai dy dn. Cdc giai phdp d l xult duyc Hdi ding thim djnh ddnh gid eao v l mCre dp kha thi, tinh hiyu qua vd ehi phi thdp ma v l n dam bao cdc tidu chudn, quy chuin mdi trudng cho phep.
Cd t h i tdm tdt mdt s l giai phdp giam thilu nhu sau:
a. Giam thieu 6 nhiem mdi trudng khdng khi.
- Phun nude, phun nudc khi nen tai cde tuyln dudng
van chuyin, bai thai. Id ehy, xudng sdng...
Be tdng hod mdt dudng vdn chuyin nhdm giam thilu bgi hinh thanh, tao dilu kidn thudn lyi cho viyc tudi nudc rCra dudng.
Thay t h i phuang phdp khoan no min t)dng phuang phdp Idm tai ca hye (may xdi, may combai ble xCic tn,rc tilp) d i i vdi khu vyc phu hyp (mo sdt Ldng Vinh Lang Cp...).
Ldm dm ddt dd tarde khi n l de giam luyng bgi, khi thodt ra.
Loc bgi tui vai tai cde xudng tuyen nai yeu c l u dam bao do I m cua than c l p giai doan t i l p theo, diln hinh nhu md than Na Duang, md sat Ldng Vinh - Lang Cy.
Phun nudc tao do am eho dat dd thai dk giam bgi khi do thai, dong thdi cung tao dilu kidn thudn lyi cho qua trinh In djnh bai thai.
- Chlng bui bdng bua nude va tui nudc treo khi n l min d dudng Id chuan bj. Day la mpt trong nhQ'ng phuang phap dan gian, re t i l n va hieu qua
KHCNM s61/2012* M 6 I TRI;6NG M 6
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Thdng tin khoa hoc cdng nghe mo
Bing 1. Danh myc cic bio do DTM vi dydn CTPHMT TT
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11
12
Ten dy dn
DTM dg dn dau tu xdy dgng cdng trinh khai thde ham 16 mo than Khe Chdm ll-IV Chu d i u tu: Cdng tv C6 phln than Khe Ch^m Vinacomin
DTM, CTPHMT dg dn d i u tu ndng cdng suit khai thde Id thidn mo Suoi Lgi Chu d i u tu: Cdng ty TNHH MTV than Hdn Gai - Vinacomin
DTM, CTPHMT dg dn d i u tu xdy dgng cdng trinh khai thde him 16 mo than Nui Bdo Chu d i u tu: Cdng ty C l phln than Nui Bdo - Vinacomin
OTM, CTPHMT dg dn diu tir cdi tao, md rdng ndng cao cdng suit mo than Na Duang Chu d i u tu: Cdng ty TNHH MTV than Na Duang
DTM, CTPHMT dg dn d i u tir khai thde khu Odng m6 thiec TTnh Tuc - Cao Blng Chu d i u tu: Ting Cdng ty Khodnq san - Vinacomin
DTM, CTPHMT dg dn d i u tu xdy dgng cdng trinh md rOng ndng cdng suat mo sit Kfp Tudc - Ldo Cai dat 100.000 tan qudng tinh/ndm
Chu d i u tu: Ting Cdng ty Khodnq san - Vinacomin
CTPHMT dg dn d i u tu ndng cdng suit Idn 600.000 tin/ndm khu Trdng Khd II, III vd d i u tu md rdng khu Hong Thdi
Chu d i u tu: Cdng ty TNHH MTV than Hdng Thdi
CTPHMT dg dn d i u tu xdy dgng cdng trinh cai tao, md rdng mo than N6ng San OTM, CTPHMT dg dn cai tgo, md rOng khai thde Id thidn cdc 10 via
Chu dau tu: Cdng ty C l phln than Vdng Danh - Vinacomin
OTM, CTPHMT dg dn d i u tu- khai thde id thidn mo sit Nd Rga - Cao Blng Chu dau tu: Tong Cdng ty Khodng san - Vinacomin
OTM, CTPHMT dg dn khai thde phdn 16 gieng mUc +0 -^ -175 khu Vang Danh - mo than Vdng Danh
Chu dau tu: C6ng ty Co phan than Vang Danh - Vinacomin
OTM, CTPHMT khai thac Id thidn md sdt Ldng Vinh (x§ Vdn San), Ldng Co (xa Vo Lao), huydn Vdn Bdn, tinh Lao Cai
Chu ddu tu: Tong Cdng ty Khodng san - Vinacomin
Ndm thyc hien
2009 2010 2010 2010 2011 2011
2011 2011 2011 2011 2011
2011
cao doi vdi md khai thde bdng phuang phdp h i m Id.
Trong cdy xanh quanh kho ehCra, nhd mdy tuyln, hai ben dudng van chuyen... 6k ngan chdn bgi phdt tdn ra khu vyc Idn can.
b. Giam thieu d nhiem do nu&c thai.
Kilm sodt chat ehe cde nguon thai, phdn loai cde nguon thai vd xdc djnh dae tinh chit luyng nude thai cua tirng loai nguon thai 6k eo giai phap phu hyp nham giam ehi phi xu ly vd tdi su* dung cho cac mue dich khdc nhau. Cu thi Id:
Thu gom nude mua chay tran tu- bai thai vdo ho lang tarde khi chay ra mdi trudng.
Xu- ly nude thai bam thodt tCr moong khai thde, him Id bang phuang phdp hda hpc, ea hpc 6k tdi sCr dgng cho cde khdu edng nghd trong qud trinh khai thde.
Xu" ly nude thai tCr ede phdn xudng sCra chQ'a, bao dudng bdng b l lang trong lyc.
Xu ly nude thai sinh hoat bang ede b l ty hoai, b l tu hoai cai tiln d i i vdi khu vyc phdt sinh ed luu luyng nude thai nhd, phdn tdn, khd thu gom tap trung. Xdy dyng tram XU' ly hidn dai, quy md doi vdi khu vuc cd luu luyng Idn, ed t h i thu gom tap trung (Khe Chdm ll-IV, Nui Beo...). ^
c. Giam thieu 6 nhiem do bai thai.
Cdc giai phdp tap trung ehu ylu vdo vide dam bao I n djnh bai thai, han c h l toi da hidn tuyng truyt Id, trdi lip, djeh ddng vd tridt tidu nguon tao bgi, ede giai phdp bao gom:
Trong qud trinh dd thai, can dam bao dp doe sudn tang, ehilu eao tdng, xdy dyng cdc edng trinh chong trdi truyt {6e chan chdn bdi thai, kd chdn chdn tang thai).
- Xdy dung ede edng trinh thodt nude b l mat.
- Trong cdy phu xanh phdn b l mat bdi thai da kit thue.
2. Kdt qua lap d u an cai tao, phuc hdi mdi trud'ng
Cde du dn eai tao, phgc hoi mdi trudng da duye ede
KHCNM SO 1/2012* MOI TRUING M 6
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D6 chSn mip t^ng
Svibn tSng
R5nh tho4t mk
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Mip tang
Svibn tang
Hinh 1. D^ng md phdng hinh thi bdl thii chuydn gia phdn tich, lya chpn
phuang dn t i i uu, dam bao phgc hii mdi trudng khu vyc sau khi kit thue khai thde, ddp Crng ede ydu clu v l bdo vy mdi tardng vd phgc vg ede mgc dieh ed lyi cho eon ngudi.
Ngodi ra, cde phuang dn lya chpn edn tinh todn d i n kha ndng khai thde tilp eua md, dam bao an todn, phu hyp vdi quy hoaeh phdt triln cua ngdnh than, quy hoaeh phdt triln cua vung nai khai thde khodng san.
Cde phuang dn eai tao, phgc hoi ehu ylu gom:
a. Doi vdi moong khai thic:
Thuc hidn l i p d i y d i n mCre thodt riudc ty chay, chong thdm bdng vat liyu cd do thdm thlu nhd trong trudng hyp md Id thidn se tilp tgc khai thde him Id phia dudi, diln hinh nhu md than Suli Lai, md Id thidn Vdng Danh... Cai tao moong khai thde thanh h i chu-a nude 6k dilu hda vi khi hdu, b l cap nude ngdm trong khu vyc nlu md khdng tiln hdnh khai thde tilp bdng h i m Id, diln hinh nhu md than Ndng San, md sdt Nd Rga, Kip Tudc, md thilc TTnh Tuc...
b. Doi vdi bai that. Cdc giai phdp cai tao phgc hii tai khu vyc bai thai duye tiln hdnh bao gim cdc giai phdp nhu sau:
Giai phap tpo phan tang.
Cdng tdc san cat tdng va tao do d i e eho bai thai duyc
6k xult tiln hdnh ngay trong qud trinh hoat d|ng d l thai cua md 6k giam chi phi cai tao, phgc h i i sau ndy. Cdc thdng s i ky thudt cua san cdt ting phu hyp vdi tidu chudn ky thudt khai thde Id thidn vd duyc kilm todn dam bao I n djnh, sau khi phdn ting:
+ Chilu eao tdng thai: 20m + 30m.
+ Gde d i e sudn ting thai tu-: 30° + 32°
+ Chilu rdng mdt tdng thai trung binh tu": 15m + 20m.
Giai phip on djnh bai thai.
Tpo hinh the bai thai.
cdn xem xet hinh t h i cua bai thai nhdm dam bao tinh I n djnh eua d i t da thai, cdng tdc ngdn sgt lun, taryt Id ddt dd vd ddp Crng cdng tdc thodt nudc cho bdi thai cQng nhu giao thdng lidn lac trdn cdc ting. Hinh t h i bdi thai duyc md phdng nhu trong hinh 1.
Tpo mit ting va di chin mip ting.
- Mdt tdng cd chilu r|ng tu- 15m + 20m. Chilu r|ng mat tdng du 6k phuang tidn ca gidi cd t h i di lai phgc vg cho cdng tdc kilm tra, cham sdc cdy, vdn chuyin phuang tiyn, vdt t u phgc vg viyc tu b l mat tdng vd cac cdng trinh khac tren bai thai. Ldp dat mat trong qua trinh bdc dat se
duyc lya chyn vd phdn b l 6k rai Idn cdc mat t i n g da In djnh. Hoat d|ng ndy duyc tiln hdnh lien tgc trong suit qua trinh triln khai dy dn.
- Oe chdn mdp ting cd kieh thudc dam bao an todn eho ngudi va phuang tien khi di lai trdn mdt ting, ngdn nudc mdt tdng khdng 6k chay trdn thing xulng sudn tdng gdv xdi Id sudn tdng. SCr dgno dat dd thai tao dd chan mep tang.
Mdt tdng bai thai phai eo dd d i e khdng nhd han 2%
3%, hudng vdo phia trong d l d i n nudc mua vdo rdnh thoat nudc c l djnh b l tri sdt ehan tdng thai.
Ke chin bai thai.
Dung giai phap d i p 6e, ddp, dpc theo chdn bai thai tai cdc vi tri phu hyp vdi dja hinh nhdm myc dich:
Ngan ddt dd, bun thai sat Id, trdi Idp xulng vung ha luu.
- Bao vd chan tdng, lam muang thodt nudc.
Kich thudc xdc djnh can eir theo myc dich sir dgng, dilu kien dja chdt cdng trinh trdn ea s d dam bao an todn va In dinh lau dai.
Tpo hi thing thoat nudc mpt ting vi sudn tang.
Thjlt ldp mang thodt nude tai mdi chan tdng thai va chan bai thai. Muang thodt nude mdt tdng duyc thilt lap bang muang ddt hoac da hye milt mach.
Giai phap phu xanh bai thai.
Lua chpn giong cay trong.
- Do yeu c l u cdn phu xanh nhanh b l myt can cai tao d l giam xdi mdn, d nhidm bgi..., cdc loai thyc vgt lya chpn phai dam bao cac yeu eau:
thich nghi nhanh vdi dilu kidn
KHCNM S6 1/2012* M 6 I TRUING M 6
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Thdng tin khoa hoc cdng nghe md khi hdu vd tinh chit ddt ddthai khu vyc; hd rd phdt triln manh vd ed the chju duye nhu'ng biln dyng vui l i p , trdi g l e r l . . .
- Qua khao sat thyc t l tai cde khu md, cde lodi thyc vat chu y l u thich nghi .duyc g i m : thdng ma vT, keo tai tuyng, keo Id tram...
Mpt dp trong va chi dp dinh dudng.
+ Mat do trlng tudn thu theo Quylt djnh s l 38/2005/QD- BNN ngdy 06/7/2005 eua Bp Ndng nghidp vd Phdt triln Ndng thdn v l vide ban hdnh dinh mu'c kinh t l ky thudt trlng rtrng, khoanh nudi xue tiln tdi sinh amg vd bao vd rCrng. Mat dp dao ddng 1.250 cdy/ha + 2.000 cdy/ha, tf Id trlng ddm la: 10%.
+ Kich thude h i trlng: 40 x 40 X 40 em.
+ Bo sung d i t mdu vdo h i vd bdn Idt phdn NPK khi trlng.
c. Doi vdi cic ho chua bun thai sau tuyen: Theo die tinh cua bun thai sau tuyln, phuang dn eai tao lya chpn Id thdo khd nude, phu d i t mdu r l i tiln hdnh trlng cdy eai tao eanh quan, diln hinh nhu md sdt Kip Tudc, md sdt Ldng Vinh Ldng Cp.
d. Khu vyc mpt bdng san cdng nghipp cua md: Thdo dd cde edng trinh khdng cdn su dgng, ehuyin d i i mgc dieh d i i vdi cdc edng trinh n l u eIn thilt. Mdt bdng sdn edng nghidp sau khi thdo dd se duye san gat nin r l i trlng cdy phu xanh 6k edi tao d i t vd eanh quan.
3. Kit luan
K i t qua tu vln, lap bdo edo OTM vd dy dn eai tao, phgc hii mdi tardng da giup doanh nghidp khai thde khodng san tudn thu ede quy dinh phdp ludt v l bao ve mdi tardng vd ed ea sd 6k triln khai ede bude tilp theo eua dy dn. Ngodi ra, mpt v l n 6k quan trpng nQ-a Id giup ehu dy dn nam bat 6uge ting t h i ede v l n d l mdi trudng eIn phai giai quylt khi triln khai vd kit thuc dy dn nhdm dam bdo ve mat tdi chinh cho thye hidn sau ndy. Chinh vi tam quan trpng trdn md hidn nay ede doanh nghidp khai thde khodng san da quan tdm nhilu han d i n edng tde ndy, qua dd, ndng cao nhdn thCre v l bao vd mdi trudng, trdch nhidm xd hpi eua doanh nghidp. /•
Mdt so nhdn x6t, dinh gid thuc Irang cflng nghfl XJI ly nudic thai mo than
(xem tiip trang 176) kidn thi edng, vj tri khu xCe \y).
Dae thu trong vide tan dgng cae dieu kidn khac eua md d l phgc vu xu ly nude thai, vi dg nhu tan dgng khi phdt sinh tCr md than d l XU" ly nude thai cd hdm luyng muli eao (md Morcinick - Ba Lan, hinh 3), hay su' dgng nude thai d l vdn chuyin d l thai tro bay nhd may nhiyt diyn (sCr dung dd vdi d l xu ly khi SO2), dong thdi cung lyi dgng tro bay de taing hda vd hip phg cde chit d nhidm trong nudc thai.
4. Tiln tdi nghien cu'u Crng dung cdc giai phdp cdng nghe tien tiln nhu lyc mang, thdm thlu nguyc trong khau xu" ly nang c l p mdt phdn nudc sau xu- ly nudc thai md thdnh nude c l p phue vu sinh hoat, nham toi da tiieu qua ddu tu.
dong thdi, dam bao t i t nhlt dilu kidn sinh hoat eho edng nhdn lao ddng.
Vdi sCre manh tong hyp cua Tdp dodn Cdng nghidp Than Khodng san Viet Nam trong giai doan vu-a qua da nhanh chdng diu tu vd dua vdo van hdnh nhilu tram xije \y nude thai vdi ede edng nghd khde nhau, bude ddu ddp d'ng ca ban v l ede tidu ehuin xa thai. Nham phdt triln bin vQ-ng,
hdi hda vdi sy phdt triln ehung eua todn ngdnh, ITnh vyc xu ly nude thai md trong giai doan tdi can dap O'ng mgc tidu giam ty suit ddu tu, lya chpn edng nghd phu hyp ly, tilt kidm hda chit, nang luyng, thdn thidn vdi mdi tardng tdi tu-ng^cdng trinh, dy an vd do dd, r i t can
tilp tgc ed nhilu eai tiln, hodn thidn trong djnh hudng, trong nghidn eCru dp dgng vd trong quan ly su* dgng, van hdnh ede he thong xu" ly nude thai vd ede v l n 6k lidn quan tdi nude thai md than ndi ridng vd md khodng san ndi ehung./.
Tai lieu tham khao:
1. Lee B Clarke (1995), Coal mining and water quality, lEA Coal Research, London, IEACR/80.
2. EPA (1998), Coal mine methane use in brine water treatment
3. Nguydn Ngpc Dung (1999), Xu' ly nudc elp, Nhd xuat ban Xdy dyng, Hd Ndi.
4. Bui Thanh Hodng, Ld Thanh Tung, Nguydn DO'C Cdng (2010), "Thuc trang cdng nghp xu ly nudc thai md than ham Id vung Quang Ninh", Thdng tin KHCN Md, (10/2010), HdNdi.
KHCNM SO 1/2012* M O I TRUCJNG MO