KHAI THAC M-IEARNING NHAM TICH CUi; HOA HOAT DONG HOC TAP TRONG DAYHOCMONTOANaTRUNG HOC PHOTHONG
I
gt trong nhung bien phap nhSm tich cue hda lioat dgng cua hpc sinh (H S) trong day hpc (DIH) toan la ung dung cac tiianh tyu cua cong nghe thong tin va truyen thong (CN4T). Tiep theo hlnh thuc giao dye dien tu E-leaming (electronic learning), vdi sy ra ddi va phat then cua cac tfiiet bj cam tay machuyeulacac ddng dien thoai thong minh cdkha nang tnjy cap Internet da hinh thanh mgt hinh thyc hgc tap mdi do la Af-Z.ea/n//7g'(mobile learrning).6 Viet Narn.tynam 2002 trd lai day, viec nghien cuu, tim hieu veE-Learning da thu hut dugc sy quan tam cua cac chuyen gia giao due va chuyen gia ve cong nghg thong tin (CNTT). Kinh nghiem khai thac M- Leaming tren the gidi cho thay, chiing ta hoan toan co thekhaithae hinh thyp M-Leamiing trong DH toan d trucffig phothdng nhSm muc dich tich cyc hda hoat dgng hgc tap cuaHS.
1. Tich cue hda hoat dong hpc tap cua HS trong DH toan
Tinh tich cue nhan thyc la trang thai hoat dgng cua HS dac trung bdi khatvgng hoc tap, cd'gang tri tueva nghj lyc cao trong quatrinh nam vung kien thyc. Tich cyc hoa la mgt tap hop cac hoatddng nh&m chuyen bien vj tri cua ngudi hgc td thudgng sang chu ddng, tu doi tuong tiep nhan tri SiiJfc sang chu the tim kiem tri thdc de nang cao hieu qua hgc tap.
Tinh tich cyc hgc tap cua HS trong hgc tap bg mdn Toan latinh tieh eye hgc tap cua canhan HS, la con dudng co ban de HS dat dugc eac muc tieu hpc tap: - NSm dugc cac tien de, khai niem, dinh Ii, tinh chat; - Cd kTnang giai cac bai toan, dng dung cac kien thiic toan hgc vao thyc tidn;-Gdthai do tich cyc da vdi mdn hge the hien qua eac hoat dpng tiep thu kien thdc, giai cac bai toan, van dung kien thuc toan trong thye te, phan tich, suy luan, phan doan, chyng minh;
- Cd thai do tich eye, nhu cau, dgng co hge tap, y chi vugt qua nhung cti udng ngaihayvatcan dedat duoe cac muc tieu hgc tap.
Thuc tegiangday mdn Toandtrung hgc pho'thdng (THPT) cho thay nhdng rao can qua trinh tich cyc hda hoatddng hpc hgc tap cua HS trong DH la: - HS
36 Tap chi Gido due so 357
TS, TRjNH THI P H U O N G THAO*
khdng nSm dupc y nghTa ca v l mat toan hgc cung nhu thuc te cua van de dang te'p can; - HS khdng phat hien duoe m oi lien he giua van de ma giao vien (GV) dang trinh bay vdi nhiJng tri thdc, kTnang ma HS da tieh luy dupc; - Ngidung tri thdc c h u y ^ tald§'n HS"mgtchieu"nenHS khdng thay dugcmau thuln gidavonkienthyedacdcuaHSvdinhiemvumaHS can phaiphaigiaiquyettrong quatrinh hpc mdn Toan;
- Vdi nhdng kien thuc dugc chuyen tai d§'n HS dud^
dang'tTnh", HS khd phat tiien dugc nhdng md'i quan he tiem an ben trong vi nhung thugc tinh nay cht c6 thebgc Ig trong quatrinh "ddng"; - HS ludn can edsy
"trp giup" kip thdi de vupt qua "chudng ngai" die biet la trong luc ty hgc d nha hoac can ed sy "tham dinh"
nhung dydoan cua ban than tnide mdtbaitoan trong khi ddGV lai khdng the hdtrgkip thdi...
2. Khai thac M-learnIng nham tich cyc hoa hoat ddng hpc tap cua HS t r o n g DH l o a n d t r u d n g THPT
Tren co sd phan tich cac md hinh, dy an ve M- iearning tren thegidi, chung tdi cho ring cac yeu td':
Cdng nghe mang, thiet bj di ddng va kha nang chu ddng cua ngudi hge la khdng frietaeh rdi. Nhuvay, CO the hieii M-leaming la budc ehuyin t i ^ eua E-ieaming.
M-leaming tap tmng vao khai thac tinh chu ddng eua ngucrt hgc va kha nang tuong tac vdi tai nguyen hoc tap nhdcdngnghedi dpng va cac thietbi di dgng.OSy^
la mpthinh thdc hgc tap ma ban than ngudi hpc cdth3 thyc hien duoe viec hpctap dmpiluc, mpinoinhdsy hd trg cua cac thiet bj di dpng nhu dien thoai di dpng (DTDD), may tinh bang... Tham chi cdthetien hanh mdtsd'iioatddng hgc tap ngay ca khi khdng cdketnSi wifi hay 3G nhd kha nang luu tru" thdng tin cua cac thietbi di dgng nay va cac dieh vu eua nha cung cap nnangdiddng.Theo each ti^ can nay.ehung tdi eho ring M-leaming la thuat ngdchiviSc hpc tap, dao tao maviec quan Ii, chia se eac ndi dung vasytuong tac dupe thye hien nhdviec si) dung cac thiet bi di ddng tren nen cdng nghe mang khdng day.
* Tnrcing 0ai h^c sir pham - Dai hpc Thai Nguyen
(kil-5/2015)
Theo Kristiansen cd the chi ra mdt so themanh cua M-leaming so v ^ cac hinh thdc hpe tap khac nhu:-Trong td chdc eae hoat ddng tren Idp iigc.HS sudung cac thiet bi di dpng se d l dang hon nhieu so v(M sudung rnay vi tinh, d i e biet la khi bo tri phdng hgc; - Tin nhan SMS duoe su dung de gdi va nhan thdng tin (vi du, thay dd'i ljch hpc, kiem tra...) giua G V - HS dd dang, nhanh va tiet kiem hon viec thyc hien cugc ggi; - Cac thiet bj nhu DTDD, may tinh bang, sach dien tu (e-books) gpn nhe, de van chuyen hon chiee cap chda day tai lieu, sach giao khoa hay tham chi ca may tinh xach tay; - Cd the ghi chep nhSng diem can luu y tryc tie'p thdng qua mgt so chdc nang cua eac Uiie't b j di ddng nhu: nhan dang chQviet, ghi am... Cdthedung but cam dng thao tac tn/c tiep trdn man hinh d e d i ehuyen cac trang web, cac lien ket mot each d l dang hon; - Thuan Igi eho phan cdn^ nhiem vu, hpc tap hgp tac. Nhieu HS, GV cd the hoat dong nhdm thdng qua chdc nang bluetootti;-Cdthesudungdehgctapdmpiluc,mpi noi vi d i sd dung, mang theo; - Cd the giii lai hinh anh mdt each tryc tiep bang chye nang chup hinii cua cae thiet bj nhu DTDD, may tinh bang; - Dd dang trao ddi tai lidu qua bluetooth, wifi, 3G; - Tang hung thuhpc tap cho HS, dae biet la dd'i vdi cac HS cd ddng co hoc tap ehua eao. Tao dieu kien cho H S ty kien tao kien thdc, khuye'n khich ty hge va tang traeh nhiem cua ban thari dd'i vdi viec hpc.
Karen, Judy da cho r i n g , thuan Ipi Idn nhat cua M^aming la sy ket hop duge s y tuong tac thyc sy vdisylinh dgng trong hgc tap, Ndtao ra cohpi Idn cho GV tochdc cac hoatddng hop tac va hgc tap hudng vao ngudi hgc. T d do, giup tao dgng c o t y hpc va hpc tapmdtcachdpclap.
3. Mot so bien phap nham tich c y c hoa hoat ddng cua HS vdi s y hd t r o cua M-learning
Theo chung tdi, tich cue hoahoat ddng hgc tap mdnroancuaHSTHPTvdisyhdtrpcuaM-leaming laquatrinhkhaithac nhdng chuisnang.dngdyng cua cac thietbj di ddng trong qua trinh DH toan hpc nham to'chuc DH hudng vao ngudi hpc, la qua trinh GV dya vao nhdng kinh nghiem, vd'n tri thdc toan hgc hien cd cua HS nham td'chuc eho HS tham gia cac hoat dgng hge tap, bien HS thanh chu the tygiac, tieh eye, ciiu ddng, sang tao trong quatrinh hgc tap. Giup HS tien hanh hge tap toan hgc ed dgng eo nhan thdc va eac ddng eo khac, cd muc dich xac djnh, ItTnang, kT xao.dupclhuchiSnmptcachcdkehoachdyatrenco sdcuatinh ty giac, tinhchu dpng,dgc lap va sang tao n h i m hoan tiianh nhiem vu hgc tap. Khai thac tiie
manh cua M-leaming trong DH cdthe tri§n khai eac bien phap sau:
3.1. Ca nhan hda cao do viic ttf hoc: N^uon /ipc/jie(;die/?ft/(HLDT)duge eai dattren eac thietbj di dgng se cung cap eae tri thdc, bai tap va gdy, trggiup td nhieu nguon, do d o H S cdthe lya ehgn nhung ngi dung phu hop, dang tiiijfe yeu thich, phuong phap hpctap hoac cong cu ren luyen hd trg. Ivlat khac, cac thiet bi di ddng co tinh ca nhan nen viec hgc cung dupe tiiyc hien di ddng va canhan hda tuy theo nhu cau cua m i l HS.
Vidunhuvan de hpc kien thdcmdi hoac cung CO, dn tap kien thdc eu, tuy theo nhu eau, HS sechgn mdt npi dung nao ddde'bit dau viec tyhgc eua ban tiian.
Sau khiHS dang nhap, mdmdt bai giang nao dd, HS se dupc "G Vad' giao nhiem vu ty hpe (xem hinh 1).
(kil-5/2015)
3.2. Thuc hien phan hoa trong DH. DH phan hoa xuat phat ty sy bien chdng cua tiiong nhat va phan hda, tdyeu cau dam bao tiiyc hien tdt cac muc tieu DH dav(^ tatca HS.dong tiidi khuye'n khieh phat trien tdi da, toi uu nhung kha nang eua ea nhan. Vdi syhd fro cua cac thietbjdi dpng,edtiietrienkhaiviec ty hge theo ea hai hudng: Phan hda ngi tai va phan hdavetd'chdc.
Vdi mpt he thong HLOT dugc thiet ke phu hgp, viec DH ptian hda la hoan toan edtiietiiyc hien dupc.
Qua nghien cdu, chung tdi de xuat quy trinh tiiiet ke HLDT cho cac thiet bj di dgng gom cac budc sau:
1) Can cdvao chuan kien tiidc, kTnang de xac djnh ro nhung tri thdc, kT nang ma ndi dunq hgc lieu can till hien;2)Thietke'hethdngcacydu cau, bai t|[p... phan hda kem tiieo cac hudng d i n chi tiet de cac dd'i tugng HS yeu, kem cd the lya chgn va hoan tiianh d\jqc nhung yeu cau phu hgp vdi nang lyc ban tiian vaq^ua qua trinh ty hpc, ttng budc lap dupc nhung Id hdng ve mat tri thde, nang eao dan dan kT nang giai toan.
Ngoai ra, hpc lieu eung can phai cd nhung ngi dung.
Tap chi Gido due so 357 37
van de mdtiiu hut HS kha, gioi va tao moi trudng de HS hop tac, trao dd'i, tiiao luan vdi nhau; 3} Thiet ke chuyen tiie nhung tn thuc, tjai tap... ducfl dang eac nhiem vuhgctap,caetinh huong ggi van dedekhuyen khich H S t y hpc.
3.3. Thtic hien viec tich hgp trong DH dekich thich quatrinh hgct^cuaHS.Cancdvaonadung, kjch ban su pham cua tiet day, G V giao mgtso nhiem vudeHS chuan bjtrong khi tyhgc dnha. Ketqua cua viee ty hpc nay dam bao cho HS cd du kien thdc, kT nang can tiiiet de tich eye tiiam gia cae hoat dpng trong quatrinh tie'p can va chiem ITnh tri thuc mc^.
V\du,Wac\^h\(iay§7''Phucfngtn'nhmuvabgant, G V giao cho HS mpt so do ngi dung vdi nhieu muc de ngd (xem hinh2j. Nhiem vu ty hoc cua HS la phai nghien cuu sach giao khoa vatnjy cap HLDT dehoan thien ndi dung eho tdng "diem d i o f cua so do sau;
Trong gid len Idp, ttiay vi lan lugt dua tdng ndi dung bai hgc theo SGK, GV to'chdc cac hoat dpng tiiao luan deHS bang nhdng kien thdc da tiiu dupc trong qua trinh ty hpc dnha, hoan thien viec dien npi dung dng vd^ cae "diem chd'r eua so do. Thdng qua dam thoai, G V td'chdc cho cac HS cdn lai trao doi, bo sung tham ehi bac bd y kien cua cac ban H S khac.
HoaccdtiiehudngdInHSsddungmgtsd'phan mem h i trg cho viec hge. Vi du phan mem ve do thj
Caic and Graph cua Bum Line Soft (xem hinh 2), sau khi cai dat len DTDD se cung cap kha nang ve hau het do th j cac ham so trong chuong trinh TH PT, viec thao tac rat ttiuan tien. HS cung cd ttie sd dyng cac chdc nang tinh tich phan xac djnh, tim nguy§n ham ...dekiem tra ketqua ldi giai bai tap,
Sy khac nhau co ban ve tieh cue hoa hoat dpng c u a H S g i d a c a e g i d d a y c d s y h d t r g c a c t h i e t t J j d i dgng vdi cac gid day tmyen thd'ng la cae hoatddng cua HS duge "nhun^' trong mgt mdi trudng "da chieu", "da tuong tac". HS se nhan dugc sytrggiup td nhieu phia vadevuot qua eae "ehudng ngar trong qua trinh tiep thu tri thdc. Ve hinh thdc, hoatddng cua HS cung da dang hon vi cd them cac hoatdpng tuong tac vdi he thd'ng M-leaming va cac dng durig tren c a c t h i e t b j d i d p n g . M a t k h a c H S cungcd dilu kien phat huy tdi da cac giac quan cua minh trong cac hoatdpng nay. Vetrinh tytien hanh cac hoatdpng, sau khi hoan tiianh met hoatdpng naodd, hetiiong M-leaming cdthe ttiay mat GV giam sat ket qua va giao tiep niiiem vu cho hoat dgng tiep theo. Nhuvay, cae hoatddng cua H S se dupe tien hanh lien tuc, viec khai tiiac M-leaming vao DH toan c h o p h ^ tich cyc hda hoatddng hpc t?p cuaHS, gdp phan nang cao chat lugng DH mdn T'oa/7dtnj'dngTHPT.a
Tdi lifu tham k h a o
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2. Trdn Ba Ho&nh. "NhOng d3c trung cua phuong phSp d«iy hgc tich ci;c". Tgp chi Gido due, sO' 32, 6/2002.
3. Trin Ba Hoanh - Nguygn Dinh Khue - D^o Nhu Trang. Ap diing day yk hoc ti'ch cue trong mOn Todn hpc. NXB Dgi hoc suphgm, H. 2007.
4. Thai Duy Tuyen. Nhihtg v&n dfe co- b i n giap due hoc hifin d?i. NXB Gido due, H. 1998.
5. Kristiansen, M-learning. Experiences from the use of V/AP as a supplement in learning. Oslo, Fornebu Knowation. 2001.
6. Karen Lim KE, Judy Lim KK. Engaging students with M-learning, Teachers' Conference: Impacting the classroom and beyond. 2006.
SUMMARV
The paper gives the in-depth analysis of the M-leaming to exploit poslUve learning activities of students. On that basis, the authors propose a number of measures aimed at integrated range of student activities with the support of M-leaming in teaching mathematics In upper secondary schools.