KHO KHAN VA RAO CAN TRONG DAU TlT vAO LINH VlTC SAN XUAT DIEN NANG TAI VIET NAM
Nguyen Hoai Nam
Tdm tdi: Bdi viet trinh bay kit qud khdo sdt ddnh gid hien trang dau tu vdo san xudt dien ndng tai Viet Nam.
Kit qud khdo sdt cho thdy co sdu kho khdn/rdocdn chinh doi voi cdc doanh nghiep tham gia ddu tu vdo khau cung img dien ndng tai Viet Nam, bao gom: i) Thu xep nguyin lieu; ii) Ddp ung cdc thu tuc dau tu; iii) Phdt dien vdo lu&i dien quoc gia; iv) Thu xep von ddu tu; v) Dat duae thoa thuan mua bdn dien; vi) Moi truong kinh doanh chua duae cai thien. Khdo sdt con cho thdy co su khdc biet giiia cdc doanh nghiep trong nhdn thu-e vi cdc rao cdn vd kho khan doi v&i hoat dpng vd su tham gia cua ho trong thi truong. Khdc biet ndy co lien quan tai nguon goc vd thdnh phan kinh te, trinh dp vd kinh nghiem cua doanh nghiep, phan khue thi truong san xudt di^n ma ho tham gia.
Tie khda. Dien ndng; ddu tu; thi truong dien, Viet Nam.
Mtf d a u
xay dung va phat trian thi truong dien lye (TTD) la chian luge phat hien quan trgng ciia nganh dien Viet Nam va da dugc cu the hoa tai cac van ban quy pham phap luat (Thii tuong Chinh phii, 2006). Mgt hong nhiing muc tieu hgng tam dugc dat ra dii voi viec xay dyng TTD la thu hiit vln dau tu tir mgi thanh phan kinh te trong va ngoai nuac tham gia hoat dgng dien lye, giam dan dau tu ciia Nha nuoc cho nganh dien. TTD noi chung da thu dugc nhiing ket qua kha quan nhu nang cao nang lye van hanh, do tin cay ciia he thong, CO ban cung cap dii dien cho phat trian kinh te - xa hgi. Ban canh do, viec van hanh thi truong phat dien canh tranh da tang minh bach, cong bang trong viec huy dgng cac nguon dien. Cac nha may phat dien tham gia thi truong cQng nang cao dugc hieu qua san xuat, kinh doanh.
Tuy nhien, viec phat trien thi truong van ton tai nhiing ban che nhat dinh nhu chua xoa bo dugc hoan toan bao cap trong nganh dien; viec thu hiit von dau tu tir mgi thanh phln kinh ta trong va ngoai nuac tham gia hoat dgng dien lye con gap nhieu kho khan; cac cai thien ve hieu qua hoat dgng san xuat kinh doanh ciia nganh dien la chua ro rang va chua ben virng, gay ap lye tang gia dien va anh huong den quyen Igi cua khach hang (Cue
Diau tiet Dien lye, 2015; 2017). Mgt frong nhiing nguyan nhan chu ylu la c6ng tac thu hut su tham gia dau tu vao thi truong phat dian hien chua dugc thyc hien co hieu qua.
Tac gia da han hanh khao sat cac doanh nghiep (DN) tham gia dau tu vao ITnh vuc san xuat dien nang tai Viet Nam de tim hieu nhijng kho khan, rao can ma cac DN nay gap phai trong qua trinh dau tu vao TTD tai Viet Nam. Kat qua khao sat se la mgt trong nhiing co so de da xuat nhiing giai phap thao go kh6 khan, rao can va thiic day dau tu tu nhan vao san xuat dien tai Viet Nam trong thai gian tai.
1. Tong quan ve chuoi cung ung - san xuat dien nang
Chuoi cung ling - san xuat dien nang cua nganh c6ng nghiep dien luc vl co ban bao gom bon khau:
san xuat, truyen tai, phan phii va ban le. Tir khau san xuat, dien nang dugc tao ra nho cac qua trinh chuyan d6i nang lugng tir cac nguon thiiy nang, nhiet nang, nang lugng gio, mat troi hay dia nhiet...
Viae san xuat nang lugng c6 su lian ha mat thiat vai dau vao la cac tai nguyan bao g6m cac ngu6n nang lugng so cap nhu than, dau, khi, gio, mat hai, nguon nuac... Sau khi dugc san xuat tai cac co sa phat dien, dien nang ngay lap tire dugc dua toi
PHAT TRIEN B £ N VUNG VUNG QUYEN 8, SO 1 (3/2017) 19
khach hang sir dung nho he thong mang luai truyen tai va he thing phan ph6i. Khach hang sii dung dien la cac ca so tieu thu nhu xay dyng - cong nghiep, tiau dung, dan cu, giao thong van tai va an ninh, quic phong. Hmh 1 the hien chuoi san xuat cung ling dien nang.
Hinh I: CHUOI SAN XUAT - CUNG UNG DIEN N A N G CUA N G A N H CONG NGHIEP DIEN Ll/C Dien nang la mat hang kh6ng co ton kho hay lim trir tam thai. Do kha nang luu trii dien nang o cac he thong luu trir nang lugng la rat han cha va dSt do, nan dien nang thuong dugc san xuat ra khi CO dii nhu cau tieu thu.
llOkV, 35kV, 22kV
Nguon: Daniels Kirschen vd Goran Strbac (2004).
Trong qua trinh van hanh he thing dien tir san xuat toi tieu diing, co mgt yau cau bat bugc la san xuat va tiau thy dien nang la hai qua trinh dugc dien ra dong thai, va phai lu6n luon can bang o tat ca cac thai diem. Day ciing chinh la dac diem va khac biet can ban cua nganh cong nghiep dien luc so vai cac ITnh vyc khac, quyet dinh den mo hinh kinh doanh va each thiic van hanh ciia nganh dien tran quy m6 toan tha gioi. Khi co kha nang xay ra mat can bang cung cau do nguon cung hoac cau bien dgng, he thong dien se phai thyc hien co che dac biet dugc thiet lap de bao dam ngay lap tiic nguon san xuat phai dugc can bang voi nhu cau sir dung.
2. Phat trien nguon cung dien nang cho thj truong difn luc
TTD van dgng va phat trian theo nhiing quy luat khach quan nhu quy luat cung - cau, quy luat canh tranh, quy luat gia ca... Ben canh d6, TTD co dac diem rieng da tao cac dilu kian cSn thilt dl cac
giao dich giiia nguoi mua va ngucfi ban dugc thuc hien dam bao cung - cau dugc can bang 6 mpi thai diam ve mat ky thuat. De dap ling dugc cac dieu kien nhu han, ha tang ky thuat - c6ng ngha phuc vu cho TTD cung c6 nhirng co cha, each thiic to chirc va dac diam rieng.
Phat trian TTD co thi hieu la mgt qua hinh thay doi hoac tang truong ciia cac yau t l cau thanh nan thi truong theo huong hoan thien hon. Day la qua trinh phat trian dong bg va ban virng cac yeu t6 CO ban ciia thi truong bao gim cung, cau, ha tang truyan tai va phan ph6i dien, cac nan tang va CO che phuc vu giao dich TTD, gia di?n.
Do kha nang dy trii san pham cua nganh di?n la rat han che va chi o ti le cue nho, moi quan he giira cung va cau luon phai dugc dam bao can bang a mgi thai diem. Neu a mgt thoi diam nao do cung cau mat can bang thi se din din anh huong tai chat lugng dien nang trong toan bg he thong dien. Do vay ma nhu c^u dien nang lu6n lu6n phai dugc dap
20 PHAT TRltN BEN VUNG VONG QUYtN 8, SO 1 (3/2018)
Nguyen Hoai Nam Kho khan vk rao can...
img mgt each day du va tiic thoi. Miic tieu thu cang lan doi hoi nang lye san xuat, truyan tai va phan phoi dien cang Ion, keo theo doi hoi mgt lugng v6n dau tu 1cm da xay dyng tham cac nha may dien va mo rgng tham ha tang truyen tai va phan phii dien (Dam Xuan Hiep, 2012).
Do vay, khong gilng nhu da s6 cac san pham khac, viec nhu cau dien tang truong qua nhanh hoac c6 kha nang vugt khoi kha nang cung cap se c6 nhimg tac d6ng tieu eye dan an ninh cung cap dien ciia toan he thong dien. Day cung la diam khac biet can phai tinh den khi ngjiian ciru va da xuat cac dinh huong, giai phap phat triln TTD.
Doi voi ngu6n cung tran TTD, mgt dac dilm can tinh den la cac c6ng trinh ngu6n va luai dien thuong CO thai gian xay dung keo dai, tham chi tai 5-10 nam, huy dgng lugng vln dau tu lan, c6 the len tcri hang tram trieu ho$c hang ti USD. Do vay de he th6ng dien quIc gia va TTD co tha van hanh mgt each on dinh vai can bSng cung clu luon luon dugc dam bao voi do tin cay cao, ka hoach phat trian ciia nganh dien luon phai dugc lap va thilt ka cho chu ky dai han, tu 5 din 10 nam hoac xa ban.
Tai Viet Nam, day la cac quy hoach phat trien dien luc quoc gia hoac cap tinh, thanh pho (Dam Xuan Hiep, 2012).
Bang 1: DON VI CONG TAC
3. Pbmmg phap ngliien cihi
Nghien cim dugc thuc hien duoi hinh thiic khao sat su dung bang hoi cau tnic, dugc thyc hian tir thang 6 din thang 8 nam 2017. Hinh thuc khao sat la lap bieu khao sat trye tuyen, giri tai email ciia nguai dugc hoi. So lugng phan hoi thu dugc:
24 bieu; s6 lugng phan hii hoan thanh tat ca cac cau hoi; 20 bieu; so lugng phan hoi khong hoan thanh tat ca cac can hoi: 4 bieu.
Nguoi tham gia khao sat la dai dien cac DN da, dang va se tham gia dau tu vao ITnh vyc san xuat dien. Mgt s6 la dai dien cho don vi cung cap dich vu truyan tai, phan phii dien. Co 6 nguoi tham gia khao sat la cac chuyan gia trong nganh dien, hien dang cong tac tai cac co so nghien cuu, dao tao hoac dan vi tu van co uy tin trong nganh. Trong s6 cac don vi san xuat dien tham gia khao sat, co 9 dan vi tham gia linh vyc dien mat troi (37,5%), 5 dan vi trong ITnh vuc dau tu dien gi6 (20,8%), 3 dan vi dau tu hen ca hai linh vuc dien gio va dien mat troi, 3 don vi quan ly van hanh nha may nhiet dien than, 3 don vi san xuat thuy dien. Con lai la cac DN hong ITnh vyc dien sinh khoi. Thong ke ve don vi c6ng tac cua nguai dugc khao sat a bang sau:
CUANGUOl DUOC KHAO SAT STT
1 2 3 4 5
Don vi c6ng tac Don vi pliat dien BOT hoac IPP
Nha nghien cuu, chuyen gia
Don vi phat dien true thuoc hoac hen ket voi EVN Don vi truyen tai/phan phoi ban le dien Don vi cung cap dich vu cho nha may dien
So lirong 13
6 2 2 1 Ngudn: Khdo sdt cua tdc gid (20! 7).
Biau khao sat dugc chia lam ba phan chinh dugc thiat ke voi phan Ion cau hoi cau triic, sii dung de thu thap y kien danh gia ve cac van de lien quan den kho khan (yeu to n6i tai) va rao can (yeu to ben ngoai) tac dgng dan hoat dgng cua DN trong
ITnh vyc dau tu, quan ly van hanh cac nha may san xuat dien, bao gom dien nang lugng tai tao.
Cac thang danh gia dugc chia lam 5 miic nhu sau:
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Kho khan: i) Miic 1 hicmg img vai "kh6ng phai la kho khan" d6i vai DN; ii) Muc 5 hrong img voi
"la kho khan dang k l " d6i vcd DN.
Rao cdn: i) Mirc 1 hrong ung vai "kh6ng phai la rao can" dii vcri DN; ii) Miic 5 tuong img voi
"la rao can dang k l " d6i voi DN.
Ngoai ra, tac gia da thilt kl mgt s6 cau hoi mo dl CO thi thu thap mgt s6 th6ng tin lian quan din cam nhan va y kiln cua nhiing nguai dugc hoi ve cac ylu t6 vT m6 nhu moi truong kinh doanh, khung chinh sach, the chi dieu tiat TTD,... Ket qua thu dugc da gop phln quan p-gng h-ong viec kilm chiing hoac xem xet cac nhan dinh hoac da xuat cac giai phap phat hiln thi huang dien luc.
4. Kit qua nghien cihi
Kit qua nghien ciiu cho thiy, c6 sy khac biet giiia cac DN hong nh?n thiic v l cac rao can va kho khan d6i vdi hoat dgng va sy tham gia cua hg h-ong thi huong. Khac bi?t nay co lien quan tcri ngu6n glc va thanh phSn kinh t l cua DN, phan khiic thi truong san xuat dien ma hg tham gia, nang lye, trinh do va kinh nghigm tham gia thi truong.
Cac kho khan va rao can trong dau tu vao TTD t^i Viet Nam dugc cku triic thanh ba nhom chinh la: i) Cac rao can, kho khan v l quan ly, ky thuat - cong nghe; ii) Cac rao can, kh6 khan ve kinh tl - tai chinh; va hi) Cac rao can, kh6 khan ve moi truong giao dich han thi truong dien.
Hinh 2: D A N H GIA VE RAO
4.1. vi quan ly, ky thu^t - cong ngh^
Phan lan cac DN dugc khao sat nhan thay, cac kho khan va rao can hong thu xip nguin nguyen lieu cho van hanh nha may di?n, cac thu tgc va dau tu va qua hinh hoan tit thi cong. Trong khi do phan 16n cac DN khong gap kh6 khan hong to chiic dau thSu, mua sSm thilt bi - cong ngh|
va/hoac lya chgn nha thau, quan ly va giam sat thi cong va thuhiit va duy tri ngu6n nhan luc c6 ky nang va kinh nghiem phyc vy phat triln va van hanh nha may di?n.
Co 9/19 DN gap kho khan vai viec thuxep nguIn nhien lieu/nguyan lieu cho van hanh nha may dien. Cac DN BOT/IPP gap kho khan 6 khau nay nhilu hem, va la cac don vi diu tu trong ITnh vuc nhiet dian than. Rdt it DN c6 dugc thu^n Igi hong khau Thu xIp nguIn nhien lieu/nguyan li?u cho van hanh nha may dien ngoai trit cac DN dau tu ITnh vuc dien mat trai, thiiy dien, dien gi6.
Da s i DN danh gia cac thu hic dlu hi, cdp phep bao gIm gily chiing nhan dau tu, bo sung du an vao quy hoach phat trien dien lyc, lap dy an dau tu, bao cao danh gia tac dgng moi truong, giay phep xay dyng, giay phep ho?it dgng dien lyc la rao can rat lan; ngay ca doi v6i c^c DN phat dien thugc EVN GENCO. Gap kho khan nhit hong khau nay la cac DN khii tu nhan hong va ngoai nuac.
C A N T R O N G THU TUC DAU TU
Nguon: Kit qud khdo sdt cua tdc gid (2017).
22 PHAT TRIEN BEN VCfNG VUNG QUY^N 8, SO 1 (3/2018)
Nguyin Hoai Nam Kho khan vk rao can...
Qua trinh hoan tat thi cong, hoa luai va quan ly van hanh ciing la qua trinh gay nhieu kho khan voi DN. 13/19 DN dugc khao sat gap kho khan hong qua trinh nay. Day la cac DN tu nhan, phin Ion la
DN dau tu vao dien nang lugng tai tao. Cac DN con lai it gap kho khan a khau nay la DN thugc khoi EVN GENCO, hoac cac DN da tham gia va CO kinh nghiem trong nganh dien.
mnh 3: D A N H GLA VE KHO KHAN TRONG QUA TRINH HOAN TAT THI CONG vA HOA LU(51
Nguon: Kit qud khdo sdt ciia tdc gid (2017).
Da phan DN khong gap nhilu kho khan voi khau to chuc dau thau, mua sam thiet bi - cong nghe va/hoac lya chgn nha thau, quan ly va giam sat thi cong. C6 04 DN cho bilt gap kh6 khan dang ka vai khau nay la cac DN moi tham gia dau tu hoac da dau tu trong Imh vyc san xuat dien, trong tuong lai chuyen doi sang ITrih vuc dien nang lugng tai tao; 05 DN cho thay hg ty tin voi nang lyc cita minh hong khau nay la: EVN GENCO va cac DN c6 kinh nghiem dau tu va trian khai dy an thuy dien.
Cac DN nhin chung it gap kho khan trong c6ng tac nhan lyc, thu hiit va duy tri nguon nhan luc co ky nang va kinh nghiem phuc vu phat trian va van hanh nha may dien ngoai tru mgt so don vi mai
Hinh 4: DANH GlA VE KHO KHAN TRONG QUA TRINH HUY D Q N G VON tham gia hoac chuyen doi sang dau tu dien nang lugng tai tao.
4.2. Ve kinh te - tdi chinh
Phan 1cm cac DN dugc khao sat deu nhan thay, kho khan trong tilp can va huy dgng von dau tu cho phat trien dy an; va thuc Men dam phan va ky ket hgp dong/thoa thuan mua ban dien. Co tai 14 DN gap rao can dang ka khi tiap can va huy dgng von dau tu cho phat hien dy an dien. Kh6ng c6 don vi nao cho rang, hg co tha huy dgng v6n mgt each rat thuan Igi. Chi co nha dau tu nuac ngoai va mgt so it nha dau tu tu nhan trong nuac (03 dan vi) cho biet, hg co tiem luc t6t trong thu xap tai chinh va von cho phat trian dy an.
Nguon: Ket qud khdo sdt cua tdc gid (20! 7).
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Hinh 5: D A N H G I A VE K H 6 K H A N TRONG K t KET HQP DONG MUA B A N DIEN
Nguon: Ket qud khdo sdt cua tdc gid (2017).
Trong so 20 DN dugc khao sat, 13 DN danh gia viec dam phan va ky kat hgp dong mua ban di^n la rao can dang ka, ngoai tru mgt s6 DN thugc khIi EVN GENCO.
Trong khi do, khong c6 sy dong nhat vl y kiln cua DN dii voi khung gia ban dien hien nay. Mgt s6 DN cho rang gia hien nay phii hgp, nhung co tdi 15/20 DN cho rSng gia hien nay con th3p, kho bao dam kha nang thu hIi chi phi san xuit ciia nha 6k\x t u .
4.3. Ve moi trir&ng kinh doanh vd ddu tu Nhin chung, m6i truong kinh doanh va dliu tu hong ITnh vuc phat dien tai Viet Nam dugc DN danh gia la chua thuan Igi (y kiln ciia 9/20 DN).
Cac yeu to dugc xac dinh can phai cai thien dii voi m6i truong dau tu, kinh doanh trong ITnh vuc phat dien tai Viet Nam la co che khuyen khich nha, cac huong din va quy dinh nha dau tu can tuan thii khi thyc hien phat triln du an. Cu thi, cac nha diu to cho biet thuong gap kho khan d i i vai tilp can th6ng tin ve chinh sach, quy hoach phat triln dien lyc cac cap, qua trinh tai co cau nganh dien va xay dyng thi truong dien canh tranh chua co nhilu kSt qua ro rang, anh huong din boat dgng cua cac nha dau hr. Ben canh do, viec tilp can, tham gia d k tu h-ong linh vuc phat di^n chua thyc sy la san chai binh dang d6i vai cac nha dau tu ngoai khu vuc EVN.
Hinh 6: D A N H G I A VE MOI TRU'CiNG KINH DOANH VA DAU TU
_J^J_^
Ngudn: Ket qua khao sdt ciia tie gia (2017).
24 PHAT T R I E N BtN VCTNG V O N G Q U Y £ N 8, SO 1 (3/2018)
Nguyen Hoai Nam Kiio khan va rao can...
5. Thao luan
Viec thu hiit sy tham gia dau tu vao thi truong phat dien Men chua dugc thyc hien co Men qua.
Kat qua nghien ciiru cho thdy, co sy khac biet giiia cac DN trong nhan thiic va cac rao can va kho khan doi voi hoat dgng va sy tham gia cua hg hong thi truong. Khac biet nay c6 lian quan toi nguon g6c va thanh phan kinh tl cua DN, phan khiic thi truong san xuat di?n ma hg tham gia, nang lyc, trinh do va kinh nghiem tham gia thi truong.
Cac DN dau tu trong Imh vyc san xuat dien con gap phai nhiing rao can, kho khan chu ylu nhu sau hong qua trinh triln khai kinh doanh, dau tu va gia nhap thi truong:
Thir nhat, thu xep nguIn nMen lieu/nguyan lieu cho van hanh nha may dien: rao can nay dac biet ro rang doi vai cac DN san xuat nhiet dien than, va nMet dien hau trong khi phan lan cac DN dau tu vao dien gi6 hay dien mat troi bay to rang, hg co nMau thuan Igi khi thu xap nguon nhien lieu/nguyan lieu cho vSn hanh nha may dien.
Thiir hai, cac thu tuc dSu tu, cap phep (VD:
Giay chiing nhan dau tu. Bo sung du an vao quy hoach dien, Lap Dy an dau tu, Bao cao danh gia tac dgng m6i trucmg, Giay phep xay dung, Giay phep hoat dgng dien lyc ...): day la rao can lan d6i voi hau hat cac DN hong nganh, khong phan biet la DN tu nhan, DN nha nuoc, DN nuac ngoai hay DN thugc hoac co lien ket voi EVN.
Thu ba, qua trinh hoan tat thi cong, hoa luai va quan ly van hanh: co su phan hoa ro ret ve cam nhan cua cac DN doi voi rao can nay. Cac DN da tham gia dau tu va van hanh tai thi trucmg dien Viet Nam khong coi day la rao can trong khi cac DN moi tham gia hoac ngoai khoi DN co lian kat voi EVN deu bay to day la rao can dang ke voi hoat dgng cua hg.
Thir tu, tiap can va huy dgng von dau tu cho phat trien dy an: ngoai tru mgt so DN tu nhan hoac nude ngoai co tiem lyc, huy dgng v6n cho dau tu phat trian du an la rao can dang kl vai hau hat cac DN tham gia khao sat. Ngay ca cac DN dugc xem la CO quy mo Ion, co kinh ngMem va nang lyc
tham gia thi truong nhiau nam ciing nhan dinh rao can dang ka d6i vdi hg la tiep can va huy dgng von phat trien dy an.
Thif nam, thyc hien dam phan va ky kat hgp dong/thoa thuan mua ban dien; ngoai trir hai DN trong kh6i co lian kit hoac trye thugc EVN, da s6 DN tham gia khao sat deu danh gia vi?c thyc Men dam phan va ky kat hgp ding mua ban dien la mgt rao can Ion. Cac DN, dac biet la khIi DN tu nhan gap nhiau kho khan hong viec xay dyng va duy tri doi ngii can bg ky thuat, quan ly van hanh nha may dien CO triiih do va nang lyc dap ung yau cau. Voi tic do tang trucmg cao cua chu6i san xuit va cung ling dien trong giai doan toi, xay dyng va duy tri dgi ngii nhan lyc ky thuat dat tieu chudn dugc du bao se van la kho khan lan doi voi cac DN dau tu vao ITnh vyc san xudt dien.
Thu sdu, phan Ion cac DN dlu nhan dinh moi trucmg kinh doanh trong Imh vuc phat dien la chua thuan Igi, chua dam bao dugc su minh bach trong cac cong doan va thu tuc dau tu, cap phep. CM co mgt so it DN cho ring, quy trinh, thii tuc thyc Men cac giao dich tran thi truong dien la thuan Igi doi vai DN (2/19 DN tham gia). Co toi 18/20 y kiln tra Idi nhan dinh rang, cMiih sach hien hanh de quan ly - dieu hat van haiih TTD hien nay chua dap img dugc yeu can ciia TTD.
Nghien cuu ciing cho thay, cac DN thugc nhom EVN - EVN GENCO co xu huong chu yeu gap kho khan hong van da huy dgng von. Khoi cac DN nay cung cho thay, co kinh ngMem va nang luc t6t trong viec thyc Men cac thu tuc lien quan dan hoa luai, quan ly van hanh, xay dyng nguon nhan luc hay damphan va thyc hien cac thoa t h u ^ mua ban dien. Ngugc lai, day lai la nhung thach thiic, kho khan doi vdi cac DN thugc kh6i tu nhan. Trong so cac DN tu nhan tham gia ddu tu vao thi truong san xuat dien, cac DN nude ngoai to ra c6 nang lyc tit trong kha nang tai chinh, huy dgng v6n va quan ly du an. Cac DN tu nhan trong nuoc qua khao sat cho thay, hg van gap nhieu kho khan de nang cao nang luc va kinh nghiem d6i voi nhiing van da tren.
PHAT TRlfN BEN V U N G VUNG QUY^N 8, SO 1 (3/2017) 25
Kit luan, kiln nghi
Tren co so cac kat qua ciia nghian ciiu nau han, tac gia nhan thay, can co phuang huong, giai phap phu hop hon trong phat trien chuoi cung ling dien nang noi riang va TTD Viet Nam nhu sau: i) Tiap tuc hoan thien khung phap ly, tang tinh canh tranh, thu hut dau tu, dac biet la dau tu vao san xuat dien va ha tang ludi dien; u) Nang cao tinh canh hanh, dam bao sy c6ng bang, binh dang, minh bach trong cac hoat dgng giao dich mua ban dien va hong c6ng tac van hanh TTD; iii) Phat trian thi truong ban bu6n dien canh tranh va tiap tuc xay dyng khung phap ly da hinh thanh thi truong ban le canh hanh tir nam 2021 theo Lg trinh hinh thanh va phat trien TTD canh hanh tai Viet Nam; iv) Thuc hien cac cai each ve gia dien theo huong giam dan su can thiep va dieu tiat cua Nha nuoc de dam bao minh bach, gia dien phan anh diing chi phi va Igi nhuan hgp ly trong cac khau san xuat, truyen tai, phan phii va ban le dien; v) Thu hiit von dau tu tir cac thanh phan kinh te trong va ngoai nude tham gia hoat dgng hong ITnh vuc dien lyc, dam bao cac co che tiep can thong tin vl quy hoach, dau tu, cac thu tuc phe duyet cap phep dugc thyc hien c6ng khai, minh bach, cac nha dau tu, cac DN dugc doi xu cong bang. Tian hanh tMet
kl, trian khai cac co che cMnh sach, tao khung phap ly minh bach, cai each thu tuc hanh chinh ciia Nha nude da tgo dieu kien thuan Igi, thao go cac kho khan, rao can cho phat trien cua DN; vi) Nha nude thyc hien cac chinh sach va cac h6 trg cdn thiat de thu hut va nang cao nang lyc cua cac DN trong linh vyc dien lyc. Cac DN nay can dap irng cac yau cau va doi hoi trong boi canh mdi ve hinh do ky thuat - c6ng nghe, nang luc quan tri nhira dat dugc hoat dgng hieu qua, ben viing, cung cdp dich vu chdt lugng tot hon cho khach hang; vii) Sap xep va cdu tnic lai Tap doan Dien lyc Viet Nam theo hudng nang cao hieu qua, cai thien nang lyc san xudt kinh doanh th6ng qua viec xac dinh lai nhiem vy chinh, sap xep lai to chuc hoat dgng, ca cau lai von chii sd hiiu, t6 chiic lai san xuat kinh doanh, CO che quan ly, quan tri ngu6n nhan luc, gan ca cau tap doan, tong cong ty vdi tai co cau nganh Dien lyc va tai clu tnic nen kinh ta; viii) Xay dyng cac da an, chuong trinh dao tao phat hien ngu6n nhan lyc chat lugng cao, d§c biat la nhan lyc phuc vu van hanh nen tang giao dich TTD, nhan lyc ky thuat, cong nghe d cac cong doan quan trgng trong thi cong, van hanh va bao duong cac cong trinh dien lyc, dac biet la cac dir an dien nang lugng tai tao.
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Cue Dilu tilt dien lyc (2015). Di dn Thiit ki ehi tiit thi trucmg bdn buon dien canh tranh Viet Nam Bo Cong Thuong, Ha Noi.
2. Cue Dieu tiet dien lire (2017). Tdng kit vdn hanh Thi trucmg phdt dien canh tranh vd Thi truong bdn buon dim canh tranh thi diim giai doQn tir 01/7/2016 din 30/6/2017. Bo Cong Thuong, Ha Ngi.
3. Dam Xuan Hiep (2012)./f;n/!Ma«A vd phdt tnin thi truang di^n luc tai VietNam D I tai Khoa hoc - Cong ngh?
cap Nha nuac, Bo Khoa hpc va Cong nghe. Ha Noi.
4. Daniels Kirschen va Goran Strbac (2004). Fundamentals of Power System Economics. Nxb Wiley.
5 Thii tuong Chinh phii (2006). Quyet dinh 26/2006/QD-TTg ngdy 26 thdng 01 nam 2006 cua Thii tuang Chinh phii phe duyet 16 trinh. cdc diiu kien hinh thdnh vdphdt trien cdc cdp do thi truong di?n luc tai Viet Nam.
Thdng tin tac gia:
Nguyen Hoai Nam, Th,S
- Don vi cong tac; Vien Khoa hoc nang lugng, Vien Han lam Khoa hoc va Cong nghe Viet Nam.
- Dja chi email: [email protected]
Ngay nhan bai: 10/12/2017 Ngay nhan ban siia: 20/1/2018 Ngay duyet dang: 25/2/2018
26 PHAT T R I S N B ^ N V U N G V U N G Q U Y ^ N 8, s o 1 (3/2018)