Thong tin khoa hoc c6nq nghe m o
"^KHAO SAT DANH GIA CAC BAI THAI KHU VUD HON GAI - CAM PHA SAU DOT MITA LO CUdi THANG 7 DAU THANG 8/2015
Recently Institute of Mining Science and Technology (IMSAT) has earned out the investigatan and evaluation of the actual sltuatkin of the outside and Inskle dumpsltes at Hon Gal and Cam Pha mgions after the abnormal heavy rains at the north-eastern region of Vietnam in August The results from these activities have provided the initial reasons and proposed the overcoming measures, ensuring the safety of the dumpsltes as ive//
ThS. eO KISN CLTONG KS. Lfi XUAN THU
Viin Khoa hoc Cdng nghi Md - Vinacomin Bien t$p: TS. Luu Vin Thuc
1. Khu vyc Hdn Gal
Hign nay khu vyc Hdn Gal dang t i l n hdnh khai thdc Id thidn tgi cdc md: Niii Beo, Hd Tu vd khai trydng md 917 vd khai t r y i n g khu 11, via 11, Cdng ty than Hd Lim. D i t dd thai dygc d i ddng thdi ra cdc bdi thai trong vd bdi thai ngodi.
Cde bdi thai trong bao g i m ; Bdi thai trong khai trydng via 14, cdnh Ddng Niii Bdo; Bdi thai trong khai trydng via 16, Hd Tu; Bai thai trong khai trydng vid 14, Bic Hu'u Nghj (Hd Llm)+Tdy Nui Beo; Bdi thdi trong khai trydng 917.
Bai thai trong cdnh Odng via 14, NOi Bdo dygc thiit k l d i thai tir ddy sau khi k i t thde khai thde via 14 d mi>c -130 d i n +30, hign tgi do khai trydng via 14 dang khai thdc cho n i n qud trinh d i thai dygc thyc hien tgi khu vyc bd phia ding tu' mire -50 d i n mire +30.
Bdi thdi trong via 16, Hd Tu bao g i m todn b i khai tnrdng via 16 da k i t thuc khai thdc ddy mo d mu'c -180, theo thiet k l eao trinh d l thai se kit thOc 6 mire +30. Hign nay, da d i d i n eao trinh +00 (hinh 1).
Khai tnrdng Bae HCru Nghj mo Hd Lim dd kit thue khai thde l i thien d cao trinh -70, todn b i
Hinh 1. Bii thii sau dot mua la.
Khai trudng via 14, cinh Ddng, md NOI Bio.
KHCNM S6 10/2015 " DIA CO MO
khai trydng dygc d i thai trong d i n eao trinh kit thOc +50; Bdi thai trong khai trydng via 13 md 917 dygc thilt k l d i thai d i n g thdi vdi qud trinh khai thde xuing sdu via 13, tir mire -100 din +100, thuie khu vyc sirdn bd phia Odng Nam vd Nam (hinh 2).
Sau dot mya IQ ky lyc trong ving 40 ndm qua tgi khu vyc Hdn Gal vdl lygng mu'a ca dgt (tir 26/7 d i n 4/8) Id 1161mm dd gdy xdi Id mit so khu vyc bai thdi. D i l n hinh Id tai bai thai trong NOi Beo dd xdy ra mdt 1 vj tri theo dgng xdi Id lidn tyc tir dinh t i n g +30 xuing mgt ting -50m (hinh 1).
Tgi dinh t i n g +30, myong xdi ed chilu rgng 5m phdt triln md ring d i n dhn ehdn ting -50 co chilu ring 50m. D i t dd xdi Id thugc dgng bun sdi sgn vdi kich thyde hgt cd dydng kinh D <
100mm, ehllm d i n 90%, khii lygng xdi Id khoang lOOOm^.
Khii x i i gdy chgp 3 t i n g (tir +30+ -60m) trdn chilu ring trung binh 30m. Nguyen nhdn gdy ra sgt id do vd d i an todn mgt t i n g +30m. D l khac phyc d n san ggt d i t dd sat Id, dap bu sydn t i n g bj xdi Id, ddc bidt la dd chin an todn mdt t i n g +30m, dya khu vyc v i nguyen trgng ban d i u .
Tgi khu vyc bai thai trong khai tnrdng 917, h i u nhy todn b i cac sydn t i n g bj ehay trdn xuing mgt ting. Xdi Id xay ra theo dgng trdn mdt ting, d i t dd thai vyn min chay trdi xuing sydn ting b i i ling chdn t i n g ldm thodi todn b i sudng ting, mgt t i n g bj thu hgp.
Nguyen nhdn gdy xdi Id do d i t dd thai vya d l d trgng thdi chya i n djnh bj sQng nydc chdy trdn qua sydn t i n g Idm giam d c thing s i hinh hgc cua t i n g (gic d i e sydn t i n g , chilu ring mdt
Ky niem 43 nam thanh lap Vien Khoa hpc C6ng nghe Mo - Vinacpmin
Hinh 2. Xdi bai thii trong Via 13, md 917 ting), tdc hgi gdy bdi ldng ddy md.
Cdc bdi thai ngodi khu vyc Hdn Gal g i m cd;
Bai thai Chlnh Bac; bdi thai Phy Bae; bdi thdi Bu LO vd bdi thai L i Phong, trong dd, ede bdi thai Phy Bic, bai thai Bu Lii Id cdc bdi thai tgm thdi dd vd dang dygc b i c Igi d l t i l p tyc khai thdc via 14. cdnh Tdy Nui Beo vd via 1. Ha Khdnh.
Bdi thai Chinh Ble dygc b i tri cho 3 don vj chinh d i thai. Mo than Nui Beo d i phin Tdy Nam vd Nam den cao trinh +250 k i t thdc vdo ndm 2011. Md than Hd Tu d i phin phia Ding vd Tdy b i c d i n eao trinh mCrc +256 vd k i t thue vdo ndm 2013. Todn bd khdi lygng edn Igi tir mO'C +200 trd xudng thudc khu vyc phia Tdy vd Tdy Bdc dygc giao cho md 917 d i k i t thue vdo ndm 2011.
D i n k i t thue thdng 6 ndm 2015. khdi lygng d i thai cdc khu vyc da dygc thyc hiin diing theo thiit k i . chi cd khu vyc Tdy Ble gidp vdi khu vyc khai thdc h i m Id md Gidp Khiu dang dygc Cdng ty than Hdn Gai xem xet tiip tyc md ring d i thai eho khai trydng 917, vdi khii lygng 18 trigu met khii tu' mu-e +90 l i n d i n +200, dp vdo b i i thai Chinh Bac dd k i t thuc.
Sau dgt mya ID tu' ngdy 26/7+4/8 da gdy xdi Id tgi mgt s i khu vyc thuie bdi thai Chinh Bic, diln hinh Id tgi sydn phia Odng thudc md Hd Tu d i vd khu vyc sydn phia Tdy Ble do md 917 d i . Tgi khu vyc sydn phia D i n g xdi lo xay ra ddng thdi t r i n 3 t i n g , tir cao trinh +190 d i n +100, t r i n chiiu ddi khoang 200m. Todn b i mdt ting +170; +150 bi xdi gdy eh|ip t i n g lien tyc tu' +200+ +100m. Oat dd thai xdi Id dd viii l i p todn b i kho than cdm 1A vd trgm d p xdng d mu'c +90, tgi kho than, d i t dd vui Ilp cd chilu cao d i n
Hinh 3. Bii thii Tiy Bic, md 917 12m vd ehay trdn xuing khu vyc mdng ga L i Phong.
Khu vyc phia Tdy Bac bai thai Chinh Ble do m i Hd Tu vd md 917, Cdng ty than H i n Gai d i . Tgi khu vye ndy, md Ha Tu dd d i d i n cao trinh gidi han +260m; md 917 dang tilp tyc d i tu' mO'C +90+200m.
Trgn mya ID cuil thdng 7 (26/7+4/8/2015) da gdy sgt Id tu' mire +110+200m (3 ting) trdn chiiu ddi theo phyong khoang 200m. Qud trinh xdi Id dd hinh thdnh 3 myong xdi xuyin suit tu' +180 xuing ehdn bdi thai +110m.
o l t dd thai ehay t r i i , trdn qua m i t phin tu'dng chan bang rp dd ehdn bdi thdi mu'c +90m vd l i p d i y mdt b i n g h i chO'a thygng lyu ddp c h i n mire +40m, bun thai vygt qua cira trdn chdy xuing hg lyu I l p d i y hg thing myong thodt vd gdy ngdp d i n 2m khu vye suii mdt bdng +15m Gidp Khiu
Khu vyc bai thai phia Tdy Nam vd Nam md than Nui Beo da dirng d i thai vdo cuil ndm 2011. trong nhirng ndm qua tgi khu vyc ndy dang dygc d i tgo eat Igi ede thing s i eua cde t i n g thai vd tring cdy trdn todn b i m$t t i n g +256. xdy dyng ke ehing ehdn bdi thdi bing ro dd n i n dd hgn c h l d i n mCrc thip nhit qud trinh xdi Id. khdng gdy xdi Id dam bao an todn cho m|t bing sdn edng nghigp giing dCrng +75 md Hd Lim.
Nguyin nhdn eua qud trinh x i i Id xay ra tgi d c khu sydn phia D i n g (md Hd Tu) vd sydn Tdy Bac (md 917) bai thdi Chinh Ble, khu vyc Hdn Gai do lygng mya qud Idn vygt mCrc tinh todn kha ndng thodt nydc m$t cua h i thing mirong thodt nydc ehdn ting, de chin an todn
KHCNM SO 10/2015 *D|A CO MP
Thong tin khoa hoc conq ngh§ mo
mdt ting, bdi thai cdn trong qud trinh d i thai ndn thilu hg thing myong thoat nydc phdn ting vd ede bdc nydc nhdm phdn liru vye thodt nydc trdnh tgp trung ddng chay vdo mit khu vyc. Olt dd thai vdi ty l i hgt mjn (D > 50mm) d l ddng trd thdnh bun chay khi sDng nydc bj ddng nydc euin trdi gdy xdi Id sydn t i n g tgo thdnh cde ddng lu bun dd xuing hg lyu.
De dam bao i n djnh eho bdi thai vd an todn cho cdc khu vyc ddn sinh vd cing nghigp dydi ehdn bai thdi, eIn; Xdy dyng kd chan chdn bdi thai bing rg dd; Phyc hoi Igi eac ting thdi bj sgt Id, Nghien cdu tinh todn cde thdng s i i n djnh eua ting thai, myong thodt nydc chdn ting, dd chin; Cai tgo bai thai theo cdc thing s i trong dilu kign d i t dd thai bj sOng nydc hodn todn;
Tring cdy phyc h i i m i i trydng tai ede khu vye kit thuc d i thai; Quy hogch Igi khu vye ddn sinh vd di ehuyin cdc co sd cing nghidp ra khdi phgm vi an todn cdch chdn bdi thai ^ 100m.
2. Khu vyc Cim Pha
Khu vyc e l m Phd hign ed 4 md l i thidn Idn dang khai thde Id cdc m i ; Deo Nai, Cgc Sdu, Cao Son, Tdy Nam Od Mdi. Todn b i dat dd thdi mii ndm khoang 150 trigu mdt khii dygc d i vdo 3 khu vyc chinh Id bdi thai Ddng Cao Son, bdi thdi Bae Bdng Ndu vd Ddng Khe Sim, Nam Khe Tam
Theo thiit k i , bai thdi Ding Cao Son e i dung tich g i n 1 ty met khii, eao trinh do thai k i t thue d mire +390m, do 3 md Odo Nai. Cgc Sdu, Cao Son ciing d i thdi. Bdi thai Bae Bdng Ndu ed dung tich chda khodng 1,2 ty met khdi, dygc thiit k i eho 2 md cung d i Id md Cao Son vd Tay Nam Dd Mdi, cao trinh d i thai k i t thue d mire +300m. Bdi thai Ding Khe Sim + Nam Khe Tam,
ed dung tieh chira khoang 500 trieu met khii do md Deo Nai d i d i n cao trinh k i t thue +300m.
Ngodi 3 bai thai chinh dang hogt dgng neu trdn, khu vyc C i m Pha edn ed 2 bdi thai ngoai dd dirng do thai Id bai thai Nam Deo Nai vd bai thai Modng Dodng. Bdi thai Nam Deo Nai kit thuc d mire +280m, bdi thai Moang Dodng kit thuc a mire +460m. Cde bdi thai ndy hien dd dygc cai tao tring cay phyc h i i mdi trying.
Hign nay bai thai Odng Cao Son ehii yeu do Cdng ty than Cgc Sdu d i thai mu'c +90+ +300m.
Bdi thai dygc d i thanh 6 tang, chilu cao cdo ting tu' 20+35m.
Trong dot mya ID vira qua vdi lyong mya ca dgt tgi khu vye Cam Pha Id 1.631 mm da gay xdi Id ede ting thdi, trong do, diln hinh Id sydn phia Ddng bdi thai Ddng Cao Son.
Xdi Id ede t i n g thai thuie khu vyc phia Ddng bdi thai D i n g Cao Son xdy ra tren chilu dai khoang 500m, tu' eao trinh +200 xuing +90m (hinh 4). Tai khu vyc ndy, cao trinh dinh bai thdi d mire +300m. Cdc khe xdi Id phdt triln theo dgng mdng nghieng, diln hinh vdi gdc ghieng tir 30+40°, Id dgng dgc tryng phdt triln do xdm lyc cua ddng chay mdt trong dat dd bd rdi trdn cde sydng die vdi gdc nghidng > 20°.
Tuy thudc vdo lygng nydc ir dgng tai mdt t i n g vd d i b i n virng ciia dd chin mdt ting (dai an todn) ma cde myong xdi phat triln trong phgm vl 1 sydn t i n g hay liin tyc nhilu sydn t l n ^ .
Khu vyc sat Id tap trung tgi phia trin ciia mdt bing khai trydng 790 ciia T i n g Cing ty Ding Ble dd k i t thue khai thdc l i thidn, hign dang khai thdc h i m Id tai cira Id +90 vd +72m. Olt dd xdi Id vdi khdi lygng khoang 500 ngdn m° dd bii ilp
Hinh 4. X61 Id sudn phia bii thii Bdng Cao San K I K N M S P 10/2015-DjA CO MO
Hinh 5. Pit d^ thai sat 16 b6i lap mat hang ^48 chin xuing khu vi/c din cuphfa dwW
Ky niem 43 nam thanh lap Vien Khoa hpc Cong nghS Mo - Vinacpmin
khu vye mat bang +48, Cdng ty 790,-Ting Cing ty D i n g Bae vdi chilu eao d i n 5m trdn qua d y i n g vgn tai TKV chay xuing khu ddn cy phia dydi gay ngdp bun thai d i n 3m (hinh 5)
Nguyen nhdn cOa qud trinh xdi Id tnrdc h i t do eac thdng sd thodt nude mat tang (myong thodt ehdn tang, de chan mdp ngodi mdt ting, do die d g c . ) khdng phu hgp vdl lygng mira q
>1000mm gdy dgng nydc mdt tang, phd vd mep ting gdy xdi Id sydn t i n g lidn tyc tu' +200 d i n +90m (hinh 5). O l t dd thai vdi thdnh phin hgt ed D < 100mm, chiim tren 80% khi nglm nydc trd thdnh bun b| nydc m§t euin trii theo ding ehay gdy x i i Id sydn t i n g vd trd thdnh lu biin dd trdn xuing hg lyu. Cde thing s i thiit k l dd chan chdn bai thai khdng dam bao dg b i n dydi tdc dgng cua lu bun dd thai.
O l dam bao an todn cho qua trinh d i thai tgi sydn phia Ddng cua bai thai Ding Cao Son, d n thyc hidn; Khdi phyc lai hg thdng de chan ehdn bdi thai, tgi m i t s i khu vye xung y l u (tdp trung ddng chdy) d n xdy de chan bang rg dd, d i p bO cde khu vyc sgt Id; Tinh todn thiit k l hg thing myong, kd thodt nydc mdt theo cdc thing s i thuy van mdi quan trie dygc trong dgt mya vu'a qua (tu' 26/7+4/8/2015); O i thai theo dung trinh ty tir dydi Idn, trong qud trinh d i thai, d n thyc hien ding b i cdc giai phdp Idm ehgt d i t dd thai vdi viic xdy dyng hg thing thodt nydc mgt vd dai an todn mep ting. Nghien cu'u tinh todn xdc
^ n h cdc thing s i i n djnh ciia bai thai dydi tdc ding b i t Igi do bien d i i khi hgu gdy nen.
Kit luan
Trong dgt mya lu (tir 26/7+4/8/2015) vdi lyyng mya tgi khu vyc H i n Gai X = 1.161mm;
khu vyc d m Phd X = 1.631mm, da gdy xdi Id ede ting thai, tgo ndn lu quet bun dd gdy nglp lyt cdc CO sd cdng nghidp vd dan sinh vung hg lyu, gdy thigt hgi Idn cho san xuit cua Tgp dodn;
Tgi bdi thai Chinh Bae (sydn Tdy Ble khu vyc Gidp Khiu Cdng ty than Hdn Gai, sydn phia Ddng khu vye kho than cdm 1A, md Hd Tu); Tgi bai thai Ddng Cao Son (sydn phia Ddng bdi thai
| | d n g Cao Son gdy trdn Ilp mdt bing +48 Cdng ty 790-Ting cdng ty D i n g Bae, d y i n g vgn tdi TKV, khu ddn cy s i 4, phydng Ming Dyong ...) K i t qua khdo sdt ban d i u cho thiy, nguydn nhdn gdy xdi Id do cdc y l u t i :
- Trgn mya ID ljch sO' xay ra vdi eydng do mya mdi trdn tren 200mm, lien tyc trong 8 ngdy , dd vygt qua mgi tinh todn v l khd ndng thoat nydc eua hg thing eac myong thodt nydc chdn ting, de an todn sydn tang, k i chin ehdn bai thai, dgp chic tai eac vi tri xung y l u nhy khu vye mgt bang kho than edm 1A, mdng ga L i Phong Hd Tu, dydng van tai TKV bdi thai Ding Cao Son.
Kiin nghj:
Dh dim bao an todn eho cdc bdi thdi trong va bdi thdi ngodi, gidm thilu d i n mO'C thip nhit anh hydng eua cdc bdi thai trong qud trinh dd thai, vd sau khi k i t thuc d i thai c i n thyc hign ede ndi dung sau:
' Khao sat. ddnh gid. kilm tra mire dg i n djnh cua cae bai thai 0 ede md Ig thien khi chju tdc dgng eua lygng mya lu vu'a qua.
* Nhien ciru lya chgn cde thdng s i thilt k l i n djnh t i n g thai; h i thing thu gom vd thodt nydc mdt; de chan dinh ting, ehdn bdi thai dam bao an todn (khing bj x i i Id, vd de, trdn nydc, trdn bOn thai, theo k i t qua quan trie thu dygc trong tr^n mya lu cuii thdng 7 vira qua).
' Trong qua trinh d i thai, d n thyc hiin d i thai theo dung trinh t y tO' dydi Idn, thyc hidn ding bg xdy dyng hg thdng thu gom, thodt nydc m^t, de an todn cdc t i n g thai trong qud trinh d i thai.
* Khdng xdy dyng cdc edng trinh ddn dyng vd edng nghigp trong phgm vi dai an todn ehdn bdi thai. Di ehuyen cdc dilm ddn cy ra khii pham vi an todn cua bai thai. Tgi cdc ddp chin xung y i u , d n thilt ldp cdc trgm quan trie e i djnh, dgc bidt Id vdo mOa mya.
* Cde ting thai, bai thai sau khi k i t thOc d i thai d n tring cdy phyc h i i m i i trydng.
rdr liiu tham khao:
[1]. Sdo cio Quy hogch khai thic ba md (Dac Siu - Bio Nai - Cao San (2013), Cing ty C i phin Ty vin Olu t y Md vd Cing nghidp- Vinacomin
[2]. Cdc quy tic dim ddo 6n dinh cho bdmdvi bai thai (2003), Viin Khoa hgc Cdng nghg Md- Vinacomin
[3]. Hu(5ng dan nghlin ciki vi tinh toin 6n dinh bd Id thiin Viit Nam (1992), Viin Khoa hgc ky thudt Md, Bd Md vd Than.
KHCNM s o 10/2015 * D|A CO MO