H A IOC-CdNBNGIE TlirCPIAM
KHAO SAT QUA TRINH CHE BIEN TRA TUI LOC BAC HA
(MENTHA PIPERITA L.)
• MAI HUYNH CANG - HUYNH VO THIEN NGAN
T 6 M TAT:
Biki vid't khdo sat qud trinh che bien tra tiii lpc bac ha (Mentha piperita L.) vdi mong muo'n da dang hda cdc san pham ttf Id bac ha. Ket qud cho tha'y, am dp nguyen Heu bac ha ban d£u Id 84,69±l.26%, hdm Itfpng tinh dau cua nguyen li$u 1.25±0.28 ml/g.Che dp sd'y thong gi6 vdi nhidi di 55''C trong thdi gian 8 gid cho sdn pham c6 mau xanh sang, ham ltfdng tinh dau bj that thodt (tnh^t. Ch€'d6 ch^n d nhlei do la 9Q^C irong 60giay cho san pham tot nha't. Ltfachpn ti
!^ ph6'i trOn bac hd/hoa ciic/cam thdo la 2:1:1 qua phtfdng phap cha'm diem cam quan cho ke^t qud ddnh gid san pham dtfdc tfa thich nha't. Sdn pham trd bac ha dat chat Itfdng vi sinh vat, ham Itfdng kim loai ndng theo TCVN 7975:2008 vd dtfdc xd'p loai khd theo TCVN 3215:1979.
Tuf khoa: Trd tiii lpc, tra bac hd, sa'y.
I.D$lva'ndl
Tren thj trtfdng hi6n nay c6 rat nhieu loai tra;
trd xanh. tra hoa, tra thao moc, tra bac ha,... Vdi nhiing cong dung dac biet, rat tot cho stfc khoe con ngtfdi. tra bac ha la mpt trong nhtfng loai tra thao mOc pho bien tren thi trtfdng hien nay.
Bac ha Au {Mentha x piperita) la loai cay thupc ho Lamiaceae. dtfdc L. mo la khoa hoc dau tien nSm 1753. Todn cay chtfa tinh dau trong co L-menthol 50 - 68%. menthyl acetai, L-menthon.
L-a-pinen. L- limonen. Mot so hoat chat quan trong trong tinh dau bac ha la .Menthol (CI0H19OH). Menthone (C10H18O) va Pulegone 11]. Ben canh nhffng gia tri kmh le. bac ha cdn co mpt vai tro quan trpng trong Dong ^• nhir chtfa tri cdc benh nhtf cam, sot. dau nhtfc ban chan. cdn triing cdn,.. Trong thtfc pham. bac ha diJng de trang tri thtfc dn hoac I loai rau dn kem co the iha\ the
rau thdm. Ngoai ra. nifdc ep bac ha co the dimg de lam siro. banh kem.. Trong my pham, tinh dau bac ha rat cd tac dung trong viec dieu tri da bi mun nhd tinh khang khuan cao. Trong du'dc pham, tinh dau bac ha chu yeu diing ke'l tinh de thu melhol dung trong dieu che cac loai mieng dan giam dau. giam sot. thuoc thoa tri trat khdp. bong gan, Trong thuoc diet con trung. imh dau bac ha dong vai tro nhtf mpl chat tfc che doi vdi mpl so'loai con triing nhtf muoi.
ruoi, kien. gidn...
Nhan tha'y nhtfng cong dung to'i cho stfc khde con ngifdi ma bac ha dem lai, vdi mong muon da dang hda sdn pha'm ttf bac ha, nghien ctfu dtfdc thtfc hien nham khao sal quy trinh che'bten tra tui lgc bac ha.
2. \'dt lieu va phtfdng phap nghien ctfu Nguyen lieu bac ha, gio'ng Au. du'dc trong \a thu tai vtfdn tfdm Vien Nghien ctfu Cong nghe sinh
So 11-Thdng5/2020 393
T«pcriciKfmN
hoc vd M6i tnrdDg. TruOng Dai hoc N6og Lam TP.
Ho Chf Minh. Thdi di^in thu hoach: 2,5 th^ng sau khi gieo irong.
Thi&'t bi vk dyng cu: BO chtfdg cat tinh dau clevenger. Cfin difin US' 4 so (DJ-620S). Mdy s^y khay vd may say bdm nhi^t do Trtfdng Dai hoc Ndng Lam thi^t k^ vd chg" tao. Tii say (MEMMERT. UNB400, Dtfc). Mdy xay khfi (TATUNG.TVJ-IOA).
Phtfdng phdp phdn tfch: d$ ^m cua nguy€n Ii€u dtfdc xdc dinh b^ng phtfdng phdp cdn khd'i ttfdng khdng d^i [2]. Tinh diu b^c ha thu dtfdc biing phtfdng phdp chiAig cd't ldi cu^n hdi ntfdc [3]. Thdnh phan h6a hpc cua tinh diu dtf^c xdc dinh bSng phdp S^c ky khi gh^p khd'i phd (GC/MS) dtf<?c thyc hi^n d Vi$n Hdn Idm Khoa hpc vd Cdng ngh^ Vi£t Nam. Mdu s^c nguy£n li^u vd thdnh ph^ni dtf^c xdc dinh bSng mdy do mdu Lab [4]. Phtfdng phdp ddnh gid c^m quan dtfpc sU dung di dinh gii chd't Itfdng cdm quan ciia sdn phim.
3. Phtfdng phdp thi nghidm
Khdo sdt dnh hirdng cua phitdng phdp say. nhidt dO vd thdi gian s^y: Chpn khodng nbi$t d$ ph^ hdp vdi diiu ki^n mdy s^y, di gidm ttf am dp ban diu xutfng khodng 10%. Trong qud trinh sdy. theo ddi stf thay d^i im di ciia nguydn lidu theo thdi gian sd'y. SSy dd'n khi nguydn lidu dat Im dp khodng 10%. Lfip bilu do thay ddi Im dO qud trtnh ciia cac phtfdng phdp s^y. Sau khi sify, lay ra 30g di ti^n hdnh chtfng cd't tinh diu bac hd theo ti Id nguyen lidu:dung mdi Id 1:20 trong thdi gian 120 phiit.
Theo ddi hdm ltfdng tinh diu thu dtfdc vd chfi^m dilm theo cdm quan, mdu sic. Kd't thiic qud trinh sify, nguydn li^u dtfdc dem xay nho, sau dd sdng loai bd nhtfng hat cd kich thtfdc qud nhd va cho vdo tdi lpc 2 g/tui.
Khdo sdt dnh htfdng ciia qud trinh chan: Tien hdnh chin d cdc mtfc nhiet di 9 0 ^ , 80°C, 70°C trong khoang thdi gian 30s. 60s, 90s. So sdnh vdi mSu khong chin va chpn ra che" dp phii hop, roi vdt nguyen lipu ra de ^ o .
Khdo sdt ti 16 phoi tr^n bac hd/ hoa cue/ cam thio: Khao sdt hdm lotfng bac hd/hoa ciic/cam thio cho vdo d cic ti 1?: l/l/l, 2/1/1. 3/1/1 (w/w/w).
Ddnh gid cam quan theo cdc chi tieu chifl li/png (mdu sdc, mtfi, vj, dp trong) de chpn tl 1$ thich hop (sau khi phd'i trpn. dong gdi. tien hanh pha tra &
cdc nghi?m thtfc phdi trdn khic nhau)
394 Stf 11 - Thdng 5/2020
Ddnh gid chdft lu^ng sdn ph^m \ a c dinli tdng so' vi sinh vSt hi^u khi theo TCVN 4884: 2005;
CoUforms. theo TCVN 6848: 2007; E. coli theo TCVN 6846: 2007; nfifm men. nd'm mdc theo TCVN 4993; hdm ltfdng Chl theo TCVN 7602:2007. Xdc djnh hdm lirdng Cadmi theo TCVN 7603:2007. Ddnh gid cdm quan mtfc d0 tfa thfch ciia sdn phim trd tui loc thtf nghidm. Sau khi chon dtf0c mau tra thich hdp, ddnh gid sdn phim b^ng phtfdng phdp cho didm theo TCVN 3218:1993. Sdn phim dtfdc ddnh gid difa tren4 chi tidu: mdu ntfdc, 66 trong, mili vd vi.
4. Kdt qua va thao IU$D
4.1. Xdc dfnh thdnh phdn hda ly ciia nguySn li^u
Am d0 trung binh ban diu ciia nguydn li^u Id b^c hd Au Id 84,69±1,26%. Hdm Itfdng tinh diu thu dtfdc sau qud trinh chuhg cl't Id 1,15±0,28 ml/g.
Tinh diu bac hd thu dtfdc cd mdu trong sudt, hd vdng nh^t, cd miii thOm ttf nliidn ciia baic hd vd cdn mili Id na'u nh^t vd c6 vi cay thdm, tinh mdt. Phfin tich thdnh phin tinh diu Bac bd Au b^ng phtfdng phdp GC-MS cho th^y 3 thdnh phin chinh Id Menthol, Menthone vd Pulegone (BSng 1).
Bdng 1. Thdtih phdn hda hoc cua tinh ddu bac ha thd
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
ISncM
®-Pinene 3-Octanol D-Limonene Isopulegol l-Menthone Rhodinal Levomenthol Isopulegon Neoisopulegol Pulegone Piperitone l-Methot acetate Caryophyltene GennacreneD
Him luting (%) 0.299 0.481 1.026 0.583 11.534 3.989 58.327 0.348 0.344 20.057 0.365 0.918 0486 1.242 '
l i A IOC-CONG NGHE T I | ^ C P I I / [ M
Bang 2. Khao sdt dnh hi/dng c u a phuong phdp sdy, nhiet d p vd thdi gian sd'y
Nguyen ll^U luoi Sdy khing , khi nong
' Sdy thdng , 9>6
{ Sdy bdm ' nhi$t
I PhOi bbng rdm
Nhift do sdy
75"C
55"C
40"C
Khoang 3540"C
TTldl gian say
5h
eh
8h
36h Am do
84,69 +1,26%
10-12%
(Hinh 2)
10-12%
(Hinh 3)
10-12%
(Hinh 4)
10-12%
Cam quan
Nu6c pha CO mill thom nhe, mau nuOc 1 pha trong dep.
Nuflc pha CO mill thom nong, mau nudc pha trong dep.
Na6c pha CO mui thom, mau nuoc pha trong dep
Nude pha CO mui thom rat nhe, mau nudc pha trong nhat
1 Mau sac L= 40,8 a=-10.63 b= 13,99
L = 4 5 , 8 ^ \ L = 5 a = -5.06 ->.\a = b= 10.54-•\b = ->AH"ab = 8,24 L = 47.34 ,\L = A = 4 79 ^ \3 = B=11,93->\b ->AE-ab = 9 L = 48.92 ^ \ L = A =-4,21 -+Aa = b = 12,45 ->Jib
^ 4 E ' a b = 10,47 5,67 -3,45
6,54 5.84
= -2,06
8,12 6,42
= -1,54 Ham lifdng 1 tinh diu (ml/g)
1,15*0,28
!
0,61 ±0,02
0,5610,015
4.2. Khdo sdt dnh hitdng cua phiiOng phdp sdy, tthi^t dQ va thM gian sd'y
Ke'l qua Uong Bang 2 cho tha'y phtfdng phap say khiing khi ndng, nhiet do sa'y cao la 75"C. am do giam xud'ng Iheo yeu cau trong thdi gian khoang 5 gid. Trong Ihdi gian 1 gid dau cua qua irlnh. am do giam xuo'ng nhanh. Sau khi ke't thiic giai doan dd'i ndng nhiet do cua vat lieu, giai doan nay cd thdi gian dien tie'n nhanh do tinh chat cua thiet bi s;iy khdng khi ndng. Den giai doan si\ ddriy loc. nhiel dp cua vai lieu khdng thay JOI. dp .'im \ai lieu say giam nhanh va deu dan.
Trong phtfdng phap say khdng khi ndng, vi nhiet dp say c;io khien mau sac ciia nguyen lieu bac hd bi bie'n do'i sdm den, htfdng vi thdm cua bac hd bi thoai ra nhieu khie'n sau khi sa'\ la bac ha khdng cdn niiji thom dan de'n viec ntfdc pha chi 1.0 mui thdm nhe, Vdi phtfdng phap phdi bdng ram. nhiet dp mdi trtfdng khdng dn djnh khie'n thdi gian dc dat dtfdc a'm dp nhtf mong mudn la qua dai (3fi giCn Mau sdc nguyen lieu bi bie'n doi nhieu nhat trong cdc phtfdng phap (dp lech mau AE*ab = 10.47 la ldn nha'l). Viec phdi bdng ram
cung anh hi/dng de'n chat ltfdng san pham vl de bi bam bui va cac \i sinh \ai ttf ben ngoai.
Khao sal hai phtfdng phap say thdng gid va say bom nhiel. kei qua so sanh gan nhu" ti/Ong dtfdng gitfa 2 phtfdng phap. Quan sat bieu do giam am ciia 2 phtfdng phap say, la nhan tha'y cd SLf thay ddi khdc biei trong 3 giai doan: ihdi gian dau am dd giam xuo'ng cham, trong giai doan ke' lie'p am do giam xud'ng nhanh chdng va vao cud'i qua trinh say am do giam xud'ng cham Dieu nay dtfdc giai ihich nhu'sau: Qua Irinh say bao gdm 3 giai doan la giai doan do'i ndng vat lieu, giai doan sa'y dang tdc \a giai doan sa'y giam td'c.
So sanh ve mau sac cua nguyen lieu trong phtfdng phap sa'> thdng gid dat ke'l qua tdi hdn ihdng qua phtfdng phap do mau Lab (dd lech mau phtfdng phap say ihdng gid: AE*ab = 8.24 <
dd lech mau phtfdng phap say bdm nhiel: AE*ab
= 9).
So sanh ham Itfdng linh dau cua phu'dng phap sd\ thdng gid \a say bdm nhiei, ltfdng Iinh dau khdng cd stf chenh lech (phtfdng phap say thdng gid' 0,6l±0.02ml so vdi phtfdng phap say bdm
So 11 -Thang 5/2020 395
TAPCIICiKTKfONg
nhiet. il.^.'^iO.OlSmiygl. Ve mausjccua tinh dau thu dtfdc. phu'dng phap -sj> bdm nhiet cho mau sdi.-tinh dau kha trong. cd mau vang nhat. Phtfdng phapsii) thdng gid cho mau sac tinh dau hdi due.
CO mdu vang.
Ttf kci qua phdn tich tren. ta chpn phtfdng phap say thdng gid vdi nhiOt do 55"C trong 8 gid dc tien hanh cac khao sat nep iheo. (Hinh 1-3).
Hinh I: Thay <3Si dm dp qua trinh sd'y thong gio
Sdy thong gid
, ^ 12.96 :o 3 » - - « ^ _ 10.21
Thdi gian say (h)
Hinh 2: Thay doi dm do qud trinh sd'y khi nong
Say khong khi ndng 100 84.69
0 2 4 Thdi gian say (h)
4.3. \fih hi&ng cua qud trinh chdn nguyen li^u KOi qua choiha\ cd sif khJcbiOt ve diem cam quan trung binh khi uen hanh chan nuu\cn lieu bac hii d cac nhiei dd \a ihiJi gian khac nhau (Hinh 4i O nghiem thtfc cd nhiet dd chan 90'C.
diem cam quan irung Kinh Jji cao nhai vi mau xanh ciia san pham ti/di
dd'i chtfng (khdng cham. \ gun chan 60 gia> cd dicm c cao hdn so \di thdi gian chan IJ 3i
hdn niJu ciia mau i;hicm ihiVc cd thdi am quan irung binh
Hinh 3: Thay ddi dm d<S qua tri />
sdy bdm nhi^t
SSy bdm nhift
gidy. Ke'l qua phan tich ANOVA cho thay, nhiet dp va thdi gian chan cd dnh htfdng de'n die'm cdm quan trung binh d dd tin cay 95%. Va hai ye'u id nhiet dd va thdi gian cd ttfdng tdc vdi nhau. Qud trinh lam ma'l mau chlorophyll xay ra theo 2 giai doan va stf thay ddi ve mau sdc dtfdc nhan tha'y khi gia nhiet. Giai doan dau la pheophytin hda vd giai doan sau la phan huy pheophytin Ihdnh pyropheophytin. Va pyropheophytin la dan xuiii chinh ciia diep luc lam cho la cd mau xanh diiu.
Vdi Ihdi gian chan cang dai thi nguydn lidu cang mem, cang thuan ldi cho qua Irinh sa'y, xay, milu sfic van dep nhtfng nguyen lieu bi tdn that cha'l dinh dtfdng, cu the la nifdc chan due hdn [5]. Ttf cdc phan tich tren, phu'dng phap chin d nhiet dp 90"C vdi Ihdi gian 60s dtfdc chpn la phij hdp de lien hanh khao sat cac btfdc tie'p iheo.
4.4. Khdo sdt li if phoi trQn bgc hd/ hoa cud cam thao
Ket qua cam quan cua san pham tra liii lpc Hmti S: Anh hi/dng cua tt le phoi tron bgc ha/hoa cue/cam thao
II I? 1:1:1 T i g 2:1:1 1,
i i
Ti le piioi tron („
.:1:1
396 So' 11 - Thang 5/2020
IBA IOC-CONG NGHE TlirCPIAM
Hinh 4: Anh hifdng cua dieu kien chdn nguyen lieu
• khongchan 30s • 6 0 s 1908
khong chan 90oC
bac hd/hoa cue/cam thao phd'i iron ti le 2/1/1 (w/w/w) cho diem cam quan cao nha't (Hinh 5) San pha'm dat cha'l itfdng vi sinh theo TCVN \ e
san pha'm trii tiii lpc \a khdng chtfa ham Itfdng kim loai ndng iBang 3). Diem danh gid cam quan. theo TCVN 3215-79.
san pham du'dc xe'p \iio loai kha do cd diem tdng trung binh la 15.36,
5. Ket luSn
Nguyen lieu bac ha dtfdc chan d nhiet la 90"C trong 60 giay. sau dd dem s;i\ d nhiel dp 55"C trong 8 gid bdng phiTOng phap say khay cho san pham tra bac ha dai cha'l lu'dng phu hdp. Ti le phdi trdn thich hdp gitfa bac hd/hoa ciic/cam thao la 2.1 l.u/u/w San pham tra dUdc danh gia dai \ e cdc chi lieu vi sinh vat, ham Itfdng kim loai ndng va dUdc xe'p vdo loai khd •
II U
70oCNhiet do chan
Bdng 3. K§'t qud phan tich ch? tieu vi sinh vd hdm li/dng kim loai nqng
STT 1 2 3 4 5
«
Cliltl§uphantlcti
•Ring s6' vi sinh vSt hiS'u khi (KUg) Coiiforms (KL/g)
E coil (KUg)
TiSng s6 bao td nam men, nSm moc (KUg) Ham luong Chi (Pb) (mg/l<g) Ham luong Cadmi (Cd) (mg/l<g)
PhUdng phap TCVN 4884'2005 TCVN 6848:2007 TCVN 7924-1:2008 TCVN 8275-1,2010 TCVN 76022007 TCVN 7603.2007
Gidi han cho phep CTCVN 7975:2008)
104 10
0 102 2,0 1,0
Ket qud 1,6.102
<01 0
<01 0 (MDL = 0,02)
0 (MDL = 0,2)
TAI LIKL THAM KHAO:
I VUdng Ngoc Chinh (2012), Hining lieu my pham. NXB Dai hoc Quoc gia TP. Ho Chi Minh.
2. \gii\cii Tho, Thi nghiem Cong nghe thucphiim, ChUdng 1: Cac phUdng phap \acdinh tinh cha^l iy h6a cd ban cda nguven iieu, Bai 2, Xac dinh do am nguyen lieu. https-//\i\v\v.academia.edu/8756900/
ih'',C.I",.\D_iislinEF/rBB%S7mS''<C<'<B4ngjlgh%EI%BB%87jh'iEI^',BB^/rBlcjh%El''kBAfcA9mJ^
CH^iCr,''^AF';C6'~i.V),\G_l_C''iC.V,iSIC_PH'iC6VcAF9cC6%A0NG_PH'iC3%SIP_X'iCJ^HICJI'iC4%90 'rl-:riBB^;S.\.\H^T''iC.nSIMH_CH'"rEI'iB.A",.UT_L'iC11i9D_HO'iCSV,8l_C%C6'?cA0_B'/,EI'IB.nA2 N_C'^l^l"iBB'',.\f>A_NGVl^hC3^iS.\!i_U*EIVcBB'iSfil_TI<0!\C_C'ra'i94Na_NGHVcEI'roBB1r.S6_TH':, EI',BB",.B0C_PH%EI7cBA':r.WM
3, Ho^ngThi Nga - Huy nh Thi Hong Van (2014), Nghien ct^u quy trinh trich ly tinh dau Bgc Ha An {Mentha Piperita Li vd i/ii? nghifm ling dung lam sdp lham. IChda luan Eot nghiep. Bo mdn Cong nghe Hoa hoc, Dai hoc Nong Lam TP Ho Chi Minh.
So n - Thang 5/2020 397
UP ni CiK iiiHE
• centre.
4 SathivaM.ljknrjn.n,! Sulochanamma Guniejinlla and Srinivasulu Korrj (20l.ii, £ # . « . . ' • ' '"^^^
t/. ,/„ .J. an Qaalit^ and fiavor Charactenstics a, Vmi Leases iMentha spicata L I. Council ol S ""'^
Induslrial Research - Centtai Food Technological Research institute (CSIR-CITRI), Re, Halishi-uJa, I ppal Rnad, Hvdetabad-500007, India,
i N.uvin S an Ma> 12>K... <;„„. trinh ty thu^t say nang sdn thucphdm. NXB IChoa hoc > i Kv thua, Ha No,.
Ngay n h | n bai: 19/4/2020
Ngay phan bi?n ilanh gia va si?a chBa: 29/4/2020 Ngay cha'p nhSn dSng bai: 9/5/2020
7"/ir>n,? tin tdc gid:
1,TS. \ 1 \ I H l ' i N H t ^ VNC 2, K y s u m S N H M ' THIEN M ; i N BO mon Cong ngh? hoa hpc
TrUftng D a i hgc Nf.ng LSm Thanh p h o ' H i t hi M i n h
IMPACT OF DRYING METHODS ON THE QUALITY OF PEPPERMINT TEA BAG
(MENTHA PIPERITA L.)
• Ph.D MAI HUYNH CANG
• Engineer HUYNH VU THIEN NGAN Department of Chemical Engineering
Nong Lam University
\BSTRACT:
This study examines the processing of peppetmint (Mentha piperita L.) tea bag in order to di\ersit\ products from mint leaves. In this study, the moisture of the original mint was 84.69 + i 2(.'( while the essenual oil content of the raw material was 1.25 ± 0.28 ml/g. This study linds out that the ventilation drying mode with the temperature of 55°C for 8 hours would help the peppermint tea bag maxiraalK maintain its oil content and have a brigt green color while the blanching mode with the lemperature of 90"C for 60 seconds woul ciuce the best product. B> using the sensory scoring, the most prefered product is na ^, ,.n the peppermint / chamomile / licorice blend ratio of 2. 1- I The microbiological >iuality mid heavy metal content of diis peppennint tea product are ol in accordance with TCVN '7'j75- 20O8 and are classified fairly accordmg tn TCVN 3215: I y7y.
KcysMirds; Tea bags, peppermint tea. dry in::
398 So 11 - Thong 5/2020