Khdi nghTa Pham Van H6n d MU6i tam thon vUdn trau (1885)
DANG THI HUE*
Tom tdt: Vdi hiep udc Harmand (1883), hiep Udc Patendtre (1884), Viet Nam chinh thdc trd thdnh thudc dia cua thi/c ddn Phdp. Td dd thUc ddn Phdp kit hgp vdi tay sai ra sdc ddn dp, bdc lot nhdn ddn. Ki tuc truyen thdng ddu tranh cua ddn tgc vd dia phuang, nhdn ddn Hdc Mdn dddi sU lanh dgo eda Phan Van Hdn da anh dung ddng l&n chong Phdp vd tay sai ldm nen cugc khdi nghia Phan Vdn Hdn d Mudi Tdm Thdn Vudn Trau (1885). Bdy la cudc khdi nghia duy nhdt diin ra tren dia bdn tinh Gia Dinh ndi rieng vd todn Nam Ky ndi chung ngay sau khi thdc ddn Phdp hodn thdnh qud trinh xdm Idgc vd dp dgt dch thdng tri d nddc ta. Cudc khdi nghia Phan. Vdn Hdn cd dnh hddng sdu sdc din phong trao yeu nddc chdng Phdp cudi thi ky XIX, ddu thi ky XK d Nam Ky. Dda trSn nhdng ngudn tdi lieu khd it di, dac biet Id tdi lieu dien dd, bdi viit mong mudn trinh bdy mot cdch khdch quan vd cd hi thdng vi khdi nghia Phan Vdn Hdn.
Tic khoa: khdi nghta, Phan Vdn Hdn, Mddi Tdm Thdn Vudn Trau, thUc ddn Phdp, Nam Ky.
Mcf dau
Nam 1859 thffe dan Phap xam Iffge Nam Ky, vdi chie'n Iffde "tam dn la"'^', nam 1884 Nam Ky chinh thffe trd t h a n h thuge dia cua Phap. Tff dd thffe dan Phap ra sffe dan ap, hoc ISt nhan dan Nam Ky, do dd phong trao da'u tranh eho'ng Phap cua nhan ddn Nam Ky lidn tue didn ra, D i l m nong cua phong trao ehdng Phap d Nam Ky noi chung, Gia Dinh ndi rieng la vung Mudi Tara ThSn Vudn Trau (chu ye'u bao
gdm huyen Hdc Mon, thanh phd Hd Cbi Minh ngdy nay). ThUe dan Phap da sff dung Tran Tff Ca - mSt tay sai tan bao dd eai tri, ap bffc hoc lot nhan dan Mffdi tam thon vffdn trau, gay nhieu oan ban cho nhan dan, "ban thuoc vao loai phong kien, dung nhffng thu doan ma bay gid giac Phap duy tri: vffa udng tra vfla hoi khau eung, tra tan toi nhan tflng chap, tuy thieh trffde mat dSng dao ngffdi"'^). Cbinh vi the, nhan dan Mudi tam thon vUdn trau da
' Ths, Bang Thi Hue Hoc vien Tai chinh
Nghiin cdu Dong Nam A, s£9/20J9^
diing ldn khdi nghia. Day la cupe khdi nghia duy nha't dien ra trdn dia bdn tinh Gia Dinh noi rigng va toan Nam Ky ndi chung ngay sau khi thUe dan Pbap vfla hoan thanh qua trinh xam Iddc va ap dat ach thdng tri d nddc ta. Tdy nhien cugc khdi nghia nay lai it ddpe cac nha nghign efld d l cap den.
1. Doi n e t v e P h a n V a n Hdto Phan Van Hdn sinh vao khoang nam 1829 tai lang giau truyen thdng dau tranh la Tan Tbdi Nhdt, tdng Dffdng Hda, huyen Binh DffOng, phu Tan Binh. Ong sinh r a trong rapt gia dinh Nho hpe va ed uy tin d dia phffOng. La mpt nong dan van hay vo gidi, CO nhild mifti tri, hao phdng ngay thang, ygu thddng eon ngffdi, thddng dflng ra hdnh vdc cho nhdn ddn ehdng lai eddng bdo, ae ba ngn Phan Van Hdn ddpe nhan dan vS eung cam me'n. Co tff lieu eho biet
"Phan Van Hdn trong tbdi Tff Dffe, Id huong than cua lang Tan Thdi NhUt"*^*.
P h a n v a n Hdn da tham gia khdi nghia cua Trddng Dinh vdi ehffe "Quan", ebifng to Sng la ngffdi co uy tin tai dia phffong. Sau khdi nghia eila Trffdng Dinh, Phan Van Hdn da tham gia cac Hpi kin boat dgng yeu nffdc chdng thffe dan Phdp. Ong hi Tran Tff Ca (mgt tay sai lam vige cho thUc dan Phap) vu khS'ng la co am radu lam loan nen bi Tran Tff Ca bat nop eho Phap va bi di day d CSn Dao 5 nam, Sau khi man ban tu, Phan Van Hdn sdng tai que nha lang Tan Thdi NhUt nhdng phai thudng xuyen trinh dien ehu quan H6c MSn la Dde phu Tran Tff Ca. Vi cara ghet Ddc phu Tran Tff Ca phan dan hai nude ngn Phan Van Hdn da eung nhan dan ndi day khdi nghia.
2. Khdi n g h i a P h a n Van Hdfn 2.1. Qud trinh chudn bi khdi nghia.
Xdy dung cdn cd kh&i nghia: Nhan thffe dffpe tam quan trpng eiia can eff dSi vdi euge khdi nghia nSn Pban Van Hdn da huy dgng Iffc Iffgng xay dffng can eff Go May va can cff Tram Lae.
Can eff Gd May (nay thuoe xa Vinh Loc, huyen Binh Chanh, thanh phd Hd Chi M n h ) ed hai bgn la canh rffng bat ngan, phia trddc Id rapt eon dffdng nhd ndi can cff vdi khu ddn cU. Dilu nay rat thuan Ipi cho viee lien lac, tiep td tfl ngUdi ddn vao can cff. Phia sau ed ragt kgnh rach dai dung de nghia quan sff dung khi cd sff cd xay ra.
NhCftig dilu nay eho ta thay day Id mgt can eff thuan lgi v l nhieu mat tiep te, giao thdng cho lffe Iffdng khdi nghia.
Can cff Tram Lac (nay thuSe xa My Hanh, huyen Dffe Hoa, tinh Long An), ed hdn phia deu Id nhffng canh rffng bat ngan.
each do khoang 2km dg'n 3km co con song chay qua vimg can cff nay, ke ben sdng la dia ban dan cd sinh song. Ddy la can cff cd the cd tru ve lau dai cho nghia quan cung nhff de eung ed them life Iffpng khi can thiet.
Luc luang nghia qudn tham gia khdi nghia:
Tham gia khdi nghia Phan Van Hdn ed nhilu trai trang d vung Mffdi Tam Thon Vddn Trau vdi sffe khde tS't, phai sdng cung tbien nien kh&e nghiet va nhilu thu dfl ngn ta't ca hg deu gioi vo nghg. Tbanh phan gdm ngddi Viet, ngudi Hoa, ngudi Khome, bao gdm ea tri thffe, nSng dan..trong dd chu yeu la nong dan lao dgng ngheo d khap vung Hoc Mon, Dffe Hoa. Tat ea hg doan kdt mpt long, tu nguyen dffng len khdi nghia dffdi sif cbi huy eua Phan Vdn Hdn.
Ddng Thi Hue - Khdi nghia Phan Vdn Hdn d Mddi tdm thon vddn trau (1885) 73
Lffe Iffcfng ehinh t h a m gia khdi nghia kboang 1.000 ngffdi (trong do Hoc Mon da c6 tdi 600 ngffdi), v l sau sd Iffdng ngay cang tang do nghia quan di ddn dau, dan lang deu nS nffc xin gia n h a p khong phan biet ton giao, gia tre.
Pban Van Hdn da tap hop Idc lUOng, bgn lae vdi nhiJng ngffdi ygu nffde nhff Nguyin Van Qua, Phan Van Vo, P h a m Van H 6 , Nguyin Van Ke, Thay Trang...
thong qua viee lap 2 trUdng ga d nga tU An Sucfng va trgn dUdng tff Ba Didm r a Trung Chanh. Vi ngudi Phap va ngddi Viet deu ed tbu chdi ga, "gd Ba Diem ndi danh khap Nam BS" <*'.
Ve trang bi vfl khi: P h a n ldn la giao, mac, eung tgn, ddy thffng va mot it sung dan, Vung Hdc Mon ed n h i l u tre true, cay tam vong nen khi khdi nghia nhifng nguyen lieu ay da trd t h a n h nhflng vu khi kha tdt. Ngoai r a edn eo mo ong, eui kho, dac bigt thff nguygn lieu gdp phan quan trgng vao vigc do't Dinh quan la rOm r a va day lac kho.
Thdng nhdt lUc Idang, chudn bi khdi nghia:
Sau thdi gian t a p hpp ngliia binh, tich cdc ren sam vu kiii, tieh trff lUOng thUe, Pban Van Hdn quyg't dinh khdi nghia.
Ban lanh dao eupc khdi nghia gora P h a n Van Hdn: Tdng lanh binh, Nguygn Van Qua: Chanh lanh binh, P h a m Van Hd:
Pho lanh binh, P h a n Van Vo: Npi ffng, Thay Trang: Chuan hi cd binh, Nguyin Thien Hy, Nguyin Van BUdng, Nguyin Van Kl: van luong.
Sau dd lUe lUpng khdi nghia da trien khai kd hoach, tien danh dinh quan Hdc MSn theo 3 mat: Canh quan Ba Didm
gdra life lUdng cf Vinh Lge, Gd May, My H a n h , T a n Thdi Nhdt do P h a n Cong Hdn vk Nguygn Van Qua lanh dao. Canh quan Cii Chi, tff vung Lang The do Nguygn Van K l l a n h dao. Canh quan Ben Phdn (Chp Cau) gdra lUc lUpng vung Quan Tre, Trung Chanh, My Hda do P h a m Van Hd, Thay Trang lanb dao. Ngoai ra P h a n Van Vo duge phdn edng lam nhiem vu ddt dinh quan, md cong dinh quan cho quan khdi nghia.
2.2. Dien bien khdi nghia.
Khdi ngbia nd ra vao 3 gid chieu ngay 9.2.1885 (nham ngay 25.12.1884), nghia quan chia lam nhilu canh:
Canh quan tie'n ve Sai Gdn do Nguygn v a n Budng chi huy. Canh qudn nay dge dUdng hi bai 16 ngn Nguyin Van Budng hi thUe ddn Phdp vay bat. Co y kien cbo rang trffde khi eanh quan xuat phat tig'n ve Sai Gon, thffe dan Phap da n a m bat dupe thgng tin cua euge tien eSng do Nguygn Van Bffdng cdm dau ngn da d l phdng trffde.
- Canh quan cua Phan Van Hdn va Nguygn Van Qua chi huy 3 mat, tidn vao huyen h Binh Long (Hoc Mon) nham danh chie'm dinh quan Hoc Mdn, giet vg chdng Dde phu Tran Tff Ca, sau dd tien eong Sai Gdn. Canh qudn tff My Hanh do Huynh Van Tinh ehi huy tien t h i n g vao dinh Dde phu Tran Tff Ca. Cdnh quan tff Cu Cbi, Chp Cau keo den cung ddng bao khap Mudi Tam Thdn Vudn Trau hg trg khdi nghia eho Phan Van Hdn, Nguyin Van Qua ta'n eong vao tU dinh eua Tr^n Tff Ca.
Nghia quan da tung hang chuc bo dude ddt pha, Tran Tff Ca chay Ign tang ehdng cff, lffe luong ngi dng va nghia quan dung rdm
74 Nghien citu Bong Nam A i so-9/2019
va day lac kho cd sdn trong dinh dera ehd't xung quanh, Phan Van Vo eham Iffa do't dinh quan. Vp eua Tran Tff Ca hi chet ehdy, Tran Tff Ca chay thoat ra ngoai nhffng da hi mgt ngffdi nong dan bat ddgc, dem nop eho nghia quan. Tran Tff Ca hi nghia quan chera dau, eho vdo Idng den, treo trffde dinh huyen, rffa ban cho ddng hao, lara gffOng cho nhOftig ten tay sai ban nffdc khae. Nghia quan da chig'm ddge dinh quan, lay dffpc Hoc Mdn va lam ehu tinh hinh trong mgt thdi gian, Viec tan cong dinh quan, gidt dddc tay sai Tran Tfl Ca la thang lgi ldn eua nhan dan Hoc MSn. Khi tinh the da dn dinh, nghia quan tap trung ve Hoc Mdn, cung ed lai Ide Iffpng de ehuan hi tig'n ve s a i Gdn.
- Sau dd nghia quan tig'n thang ve Sai Gdn. Tren dffdng tie'n quan, nhdn dan no nUe gia nhap vao hang ngu khdi nghia, life Iffdng nghia quan ngay eang tang Ign va dffpc chia thanh 2 doan: MSt dodn di thang vao Sai Gdn, mgt dodn tiep can t h a n h phd chd lenh cung ket hdp khdi nghia.
Dodn tien tbang vao Sai Gon, khi ddn Binh Hoa luc td md sang gap phai mSt dpi quan Pbap. Lai cung cd y kig'n eho rang Phap da biet ke hoach khdi nghia ngn de phdng can than, nghia quan khdng the tidn danh Sai (jdn. Quan Hdn eung mgt sd nghia quan effOng quyg't chdng tra, "70 ngddi eflng nbau the danh tdi che't va hg da giff ldi the"'^'. Nhffng sff tffdng quan Ide Idpng qua ldn, sflc ye'u, the co lap, dan dan Idc Idpng bi tieu hao, nghia quan thua tran. Cac canh quan khac tfl giai t a n khi nghe tin nay, P h a n Van Hdn lui v l can eff Go May, Nguyen Van Qua lui ve can cff Tram Lae,
Thffe dan Pbap da sff dung eae don vi
cua Trung dodn hnh tap An Nam nbUng si^
pban edng eda Phap van gap nhigu trO ngai vi trgn cac nga tU dUdng Sai Gon dgn Hoe Mdn deu hi nghia quan cban pha bang cac ehUdng ngai vat. Cho den 2 tuan sau quan Pbap mdi tig'n v l dffgc dinh qudn Hde MSn. Qudn Phap thuc hign nhieu euge hanh quan de vdy bat lffe Idgng khdi nghia nhffng vdn khong bat dffoe Pban Van Hdn va Nguyin Van Qua. Thdc ddn Phap thang tay ddn ap dan chung huyen Binh Long, hang tram hang ngan ngddi nga gue dUdi sung dan, ludi IS, raa Phap ggi la phig'n loan pbai diet trfl saeh. Nhffng ai khdng hi giet tbi eung hi bat giara tra tan tan khdc cho tdi chet.
•\^ thuong dan tinh vS tgi va hg tpc bi dan ap bat bd, Phan Van Hdn va Nguyen Van Qud da tU nSp minh cho giac Phap.
Tuy nhidn, quan Phap van tiep tue dan ap quydt liet, cac lanh dao khac lan lUpt bi bat, nghia quan khdng ngUdi ehi huy ndn dan t£m ra.
Tfl ngay 31/8/1885 den 13/9/1885, Toa an binh dai hinh d Binh Hda md phign tda xet xfl vu khdi nghia d Hde Mon. ThUe dan Phap "ke't an 14 ngUdi til hinh gdm:
P h a n CSng Hdn, Nguygn V a n Qua, Nguygn Van Xiem, P h a n Van Vo, Lam Van Thi, P h a n Van Thuyen, Nguyin Van Do, Tran Van Len, Nguygn Van Hoai, Nguyen Van Lanh, Huynh Van Tinh, Nguygn v a n Xe, Huynh Van Huan, Lg v a n Dat"'^'. Ngoai ra, edn ed 16 ban an 15 nam kho sai, 6 bdn an ldu day co died kien giam an, 23 ngddi kho sai ehung than. Tuy nhien, "ban dn gay p h i n uat, dan dia phddng eho rkng so ngudi hi tff binh va lanh a n kho sai qua nhieu"''^' thUc dan Phap lo sd dan se noi day ngn ngav
Bang Thi Hui'- Khdi nghia Phan Vdn Hdn d Mudi tdm thon vudn trdu (1885) 15
11/12/1885, Tong thdng P h a p ky quyet dinh xff tff hai thu linh P h a n Van Hdn, Nguyin Van Qua vao 7 gid ngay 30/3/1886 tai chd Binh Long (Hdc Mon), nhflng b a n an td binh khac dupc doi t h a n h khd sai chung than, cdc ban dn edn lai v i n gifl nguygn, rigng Nguygn Van Budng bi ke't an khd sai chung than tai Cdn D^o^^\
Thanh qua eua khdi ngbia P h a n Van Hdn d Mudi Tam Th6n Vudn Trau (1885) la chiem dUpc dinh quan Hdc MSn, gidt chdt tgn cbu quan Tran Tff Ca, tig'n quan vao dau nao cua thUe dan Phap d Sai Gdn.
Vi ton kinh vi Tdng lanh binh P h a n Van Hdn ngn nhan dan ggi Ong la P h a n Cdng Hdn, doi tgn trffdng hge la trffdng trung hgc CO sd Phan Cong Hdn, dat ten dffdng qudc 16 22 la dUdng P h a n Cong Hdn.
3. Mpt so n h ^ x e t
Vi tinh chdt, muc dieh cao nh^t cua cupc khcfi ngbia la bao ve euge s6'ng binh yen cho nhan dan, trff bo nhffng ke hai dan nhU dia chu tay sai vk thUe dan eUdp nUdc,vi vay khdi ngbia Phan Vdn Hdn la m6t phong trao yeu nUde mang tinh nhan dan sau sac nham muc tidu trUde het la bao ve xdm lang, bao vg nhan dan, sau dd la ddnh duoi giac Phap, tay sai gdp phan giai phdng ddn tgc. Ben canh dd, viec ngbia quan Phan Van Hdn sau kbi dot dinh quan, tie'n vao Sai Gdn da phan anh tinh lign tuc, quyg't liet ciia euge khdi nghia.
Vi ddc diim, ddy la cugc khdi ngbia duy nhat diln ra tren dia ban tinh Gia Dinh noi rigng va toan Nam Yl ndi chung ngay sau khi thUe ddn Phap vffa hoan t h a n h qua trinh xam lupc va ap dat ach thdng tri &
nude ta. Khdi nghia di tfl pham vi dia phuong Hde Mon de'n khu vUe rpng ldn hcfn
la Sai C^n, vflpt qua tinh chat ban hep eua dia phuong la mgt net dge ddo cua euge khdi nghia. Ngoai ra, cung nhU nhilu euge khdi nghia khac, khdi nghia Pban Van Hdn d Mudi Tara Thon Vudn Trau (1885) da CO sU ke thffa truyln thdng ve vang cua dia phUdng, dd \k truyen thdng da'u tranh chdng ap bffc bde ISt tff khi vflng d^t Hde Mon dffpc tao lap.
Ve nguyen nhdn thdt bgi, khdi nghia P h a n Van Hdn d Mfldi Tam Th6n Vudn Trau (1885) t h a t bai cung la nguygn nhan t h a t bai chung eua phong trao ehong Pbap vd tay sai d nudc ta trong nhOfng nam eudi thd ki XIX. Do la sU khung hoang v l dudng ldi va giai cap lanh dao. Nguyen n h a n khong kera phan quan trgng nfla la tuong quan lUe lugng ehgnh lech, cac thu doan ddn ap da m a n cua thffe dan Phap vk tay sai.
Ve dnh hddng cua cudc khdi nghia, mac du tha't bai nhffng anh hUdng eua eu6e khcfi nghia Phan Van Hdn d Mudi Tam Th6n Vudn Trau (1885) trong phong trao yeu nffde cudi thd ki XIX dau thd ki XX d Nam Ky la rat ldn. Bd't chap ke thu dan ap sau khdi nghia P h a n Van Hdn, nhdn dan Hoc Mon v i n khgng ngiftig da'u tranh ddi giam an. Dau the ki XX, nhflng ngffdi da tilng t h a m gia khdi nghia Phan Van Hdn da tiep tue tham gia ede phong trao ygu nUde khde nhu: phong trao Dong Du (1904-1908) ciia P h a n B6i Chau, phong trao Duy Tan (1906-1908) eua Phan Chu Trinh, Hgi kin P h a n Xieh Long (1913-1916), soi ndi nha't la phong trao Hgi kin Nguyin An Ninh (1924-1929)...
K e t l u a n
Dudi ach ap bffc bde lot ciia thffe ddn
Nghien ciiu Bong Nam Aj<l i'9/2019
Phap va tay sai, nhan dan Hoc Mon da anh dung diJng len khdi nghia. K&'t qua ciia cuoc khcfi nghia Phan Van Hdn & Mu&i Tiim Thon Vucln Trau (1885) da chig'm duoc dinh quan Hoc Mon, giet vo chong Doc phu Tran Tii Ca, tien ve Sai Gon. Mac du kh&i nghia Phan Van Hdn cuoi cung da bi thuc dan Phap dan ap va di den t h a t bai nhung cu6c kh&i nghia da d6 lai nhieu kinh nghigm quy bau cting nhOfng tam guong anh hung ciia mot manh dat anh hung. Cugc khdi nghia la mot minh chUng cho the he mai sau; Muon co doc lap tif do chi cd mot con dUdng duy nhat la cam vu khi diJng len danh duoi thUc dan va tay sai. Muon cd sufc manh chien thang, phai ddng ve phia nhan dan mdi di tdi thang lgi cuoi cimg./.
CHU THICH
1. Dudng ICinh Quoc (1988), Cliinh quyen thuoc dia d Yiet Nam trudc each mang thdng tam 1945, Nxb. Khoa hgc Xa hgi, Ha Ngi, tr.240.
2.7. Sffn Nam (1981), Ben Nghts xUa, Nxb. Van nghe TP. Ho Chi Minh, tr,124, tr.l26.
3.6. Van Cong Chi, Vo Van S& (1994), Gia phi ho Phan d Ba Blem-Hoc Mdn Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh, tr.8, tr.43.
4. Scfn Nam (1990), Ngutri Sai Gon, Nxb. Tre, tr.63.
5. Phan Khoang (1960), Viet Nam Phdp thuoc siC, Nba sach Khai Tri xu^t ban, tr.l94.
8. Thien Vti, Vo Huy Quang (2001), Khic hoa ehan dung tic til trong lich sii ddu tranh giu nude giai doan ndm 1858 den ndm 1975, tap I, Nxb. Van nghe TP. H6 Chi IMmb, tr.608.
TAI U E U THAM KHAO 1. NguySn The- Anh (1970), ViU Nam du6i
thai Phdp do hd, Nxb. LSa Thieng, Sai Gon 2. Van cang Chi, Vo Van S3 (1994), Gm phi
ho Phan d Ba Bitm - Hoc Mon - Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh.
3. PhanKhoang(1971),V«WamPM/)«!^c SI* (1884-1945), Nxb. Khai Tri, Sai Gdn.
4. Pban Huy Le (chQ bien, 2016), Vimg Jot Nam Bq qud trinh hinh thanh vdphdt trien, Nxb. Chinb tri Quoc gia Su that. Ha Ngi.
5. Tran Huy Lieu (1960), Lich sii tam mitai nam chgng Phap, Tap III, Nxb. Van S i Dia, Ha Ngi.
6. Son Nam (1981), Ben Nghi: XUa, Nxb. Van nghe TP. Ho Cbi Muib, TP. Ho Chi Mmh.
7. Son Nam (1990), NgUtri Sdi Gon, Nxb. Tre, TP. Ho Chi Minb.
8. Nhieu tac gia (1991), Lich su: truyen thong ddu tranh cdch mang ciia Bdng hg vd nhdn ddn huyen Hoc Mon (1859-1975), Ban chap banh Dang bg huyen Hoc Mon.
9. Nguyin Phan Quang (1995,1998), VietNam can dgi nhitng su: lieu mdi. Tap I,II, Nxb.
TP. Ho Cbi Minh, TP. H6 Chi Minh.
10. DUcfng Kinh Quo'c (1988), Chinh quyen thudc dia d Viet Nam tru&c cdch mang thdng tdm 1945, Nxb. Khoa hgc xa h5i, Ha Ngi 11. Truong HtlU Quynh, Dinh Xuan Lam, Le
Mau Han (chij bien, 2008), Dai cuong lich s&
Viet Nam loan tap, Nxb. Giao due. Ha Ngi.
12. Pham Van Son (1971), Qudn dan ViH Nam chong Tdy xam (1847-1945), Sai Gdn.
13. NguyBn Dinh Tu (2016), Clie do thuc ddn Phip tren ddt Nam Ky (1859-1954), Tap I, Nxb. Tong hap TP. Ho Cbi Minh, TP. Ho Cbi Minh.
14. Tbien Vu, Vd Huy Quang (2001),K7!dc hga ehan dung tit tu trong lich sii dau tranh giu nudc giai doan ndm 1858 den ndm 1975, Tap I, Nxb. Van nghe TP. Ho Chi Minb, TP. Ho Chi Minh.