DE VUOT QUA
KHO KHAN, DOANH
NGHIEP CAN GIAM CHI PHI
TRUNG GIAN
Thong ke 6 thdng dau nom cho thoi^Wn 30 doanh nghiep nho va vtfo dd phdi xin gidi the hodc phd sdn do thieu von, lai sudt ngdn hdng tdng cao.
Tinh hinh icinh te Viet Nam tac nhdn dinh Id se cdn gap nhieu khd khdn ttong thdi gian tdi. Setdn tgi trong gioi dogn hien nay, cdc doanh nghie phdi tiit gidm toi 4a chi phi, sd dong hieu qui ddng vdn, trong dd viec gidm chi phi trung gii
mpt hien phdp con thiet. |
Duy Anh
T
heo chuan muc quoc tl, cM pM trung gian bao gom cdc ylu to sau: Chi pM san pham vdt chit (gom nguy8n, vdt lieu chinh, phu);rMien lieu, dien, nude, khi dot; Chi phi cdng cu san xuat nhd, vat re tien mau hdng; Chi phi san pham vdt chat khac; Chi phi djch vu (gdm van tai, buu dien, bdo hiem, dich vu ngdn hdng, dich vu phdp ly, djch vu qudng cao, chi phi djch vu khac). Mdt thuc te hien nay la gia thdnh iMieu loai sdn pha'm ciia Viet Nam Mudng cao hon gid thi tnrdng qu6c tl kMen cdng xuat khau cdng lo hoac bj Mua ngay tren sdn nha. Nguyen nhan la do hong hiu bet cdc ngdnh kinh te, chi phi san xudt ciia cdc doanh nghiep deu cao den muc khd cd Me chip nhdn.
Theo Mong ke, mac du gid trj san xuat nhilu khu vuc deu cd tang, nhung gia trj tang them Myet doi lai rat thap. Ly do vi chi phi trung gian trong sdn xuit Cling tang cao. 6 thang qua, trong khi gid tri san xuit ciia nhdm ngdnh ndng, lam, thiiy tang 5%
thi chi phi trung gian lai tang den miic 6,5%, lam cho gia tri tang th8m Myet doi ha xuong muc 4%.
Gia tri san xuat nganh cong nghiep va cac nganh khac ciing c6 dien bien tuong tu. Theo ket qua dieu tra doanh nghiep hang nam cho thay, ty trqng ciia chi phi trung gian trong gia tri san xuat cdng nghiep tang lien tuc vdi miic trung binh khoang gan 1 %/nam.
Nhirng nganh co cdng nghe cao, gia cdng lap rap, nhung ngdnh su dung nhilu nguy8n vdt lieu cdng tang nhanh, ty trqng cang cao la nguyen rMdn chii y8u ldm cho chi pM trung gian chung cua toan ngdnh cdng nghiep bien ddng theo xu hudng cang tang len, dieu dd cd nghia la gid tri tang Mem ciia todn nganh cdng nghiep giam tuong doi, dan din hieu qua kinh te chung gidm.
Chinh vi thi, cdc iMa qudn ly kinh t l cho rdng, muon nang cao miic tang trudng kirM tl, ngoai nhung bien phdp cd tinh truyln thong, d Viet Nam, van de can dac biet luu y la thuc hien cdc bien phap giam cM phi trung gian. Vdi cdc doarM nghiep, trudc hit Id cdc bien phap de giam gid thdnh san xuit bdng
4S | S B ! E S 3 l ! a Mng B-2011
cdch gidm cac cM phi luu Mdng, cM phi ngoai san xuat, cM phi qudn ly gian tiep vd ca rMung chi pM bat hqp ly, bit hqp le, bat hqp phdp, tilt kiem vat M nguy8n lieu...
Hien nay cd mdt so doanh ngMep da Muc Men cd hieu qua viec gidm chi phi tnmg gian nhu Cdng ty CP Ndng nghiep ky thuat cao Hdi Phdng. Bd Pham Thi Cang, Gidm doc Cdng ty cho biet: Trong thdi dilm Men nay, doanh nghiep gap nhieu khd khan, dd la tMlu von, cM phi san xuat tang, gia vdt M, gia di8n deu tang cao. De khac phuc nhimg khd khan ndy, cdng ty thuc hien nhieu gidi phdp de gidm chi phi sdn xuit, giam chi phi hanh chinh, ban che cdc khau cM phi tnmg gian. Cdng ty yeu cdu cdc phdng, ban sir dung dien, van phdng pham tilt kiem, bo tri thdi gian ldm viec hqp ly, giam chi pM di dudng. Chang ban, khi di kiem tra 2 viing sdn xuit giong liia d Quang Nam vd Dac Ldc, Cdng ty phdi len ljch tiinh hqp ly de giam xang xe vd chi phi luu thdng. De
KINH T E | giam cM pM van chuyen, cdng ty ddng gdi san pham va phanphoi giong Ilia ngay tai vung san xuat la Qudng Nam, May vi chuyen toan bd sdn pham ra Hai Phdng de ddng gdi va tieu thu nhu van ldm. Trong khdu sdn xuat giong liia lai Fl, sau khi tinh toan neu sdn xuit nhu bmh thudng, chi phi sdn xuat 1 kg giong liia lai se tang 20%, gid thdnh sdn pham bdn ra cho ndng dan phdi tang hon 30% so vdi nhimg vu trudc.
Cdng ty chqn giai phdp tinh todn ky cac chi phi dau vao May vi phai tang gid ban, vi nlu tang qua cao, ndng dan se khd khan, luqng hang cdng ty ban ra ciing sut gidm. Cdng ty chii trqng cdc bien phap de gidm chi phi d khau trung gian nhu bdt chi phi cho cdn bd xa, phdng cbuy8n mdn cua cip dja phuong, chi pM cho he thong dai ly, chi phi dilu hdnh san xuit, luu Mdng sdn pham...
Trong nganh cdng nghiep, de giam chi phi tnmg gian, ti^c hit can phdi khuyen khich phdt hiln cdc nganh cd ty le cM pW trung gian thip nhu cdc ngdnh khai thdc md, cac ngdnh cd hdm luqng chit xam cao... Tuy nhien, doi vdi caq ngdnh khai thdc md, nhu khai Mdc Man, dau, khi, chung ta khdng Me chi chu trqng den viec phdt trien v l quy md, s l luqng doanh nghiep hay sdn pham khai thac vi nguin tdi nguy8n cua chung ta cd ban, hon nua vi8c khai thdc ngdy cdng gap khd khan hon do nguon tai nguy8n ngdy cang can kiet. Chung ta can chu trqng phdt trien cdc nganh cdng nghiep che biln cac san pham khai thdc dat chat luqng cao nhu: lqc, tinh che dau md va cdc san pham cd ngudn goc hi dau md, luyen Man coc,...
Trong cdc khu vuc kinh tl, khu vuc cd von diu M nude ngodi chii yeu dau M vd hoat ddng trong cdc nganh gia cdng, lap rdp md cdc boat ddng ndy sii dung nMeu linh Iden, phu timg, nguyen vat lieu nhap khau. Do vdy, khu vuc nay cd ty le chi phi trung gian cao. Doi vdi khu vuc ndy, Nhd nude can gidm sdt chat che ty le ndi dja hoa ciia cac doanh ngMep, ddng thdi khuyin kMch hon nua vi8c sii dung nguy8n vat lieu, linh kien, phu timg ndi dia, gidm ty 18 nhap khau. Hien nay, mdt so dia phuong cd su canh tranh trong viec thu hiit dau M nude ngoai bang mqi gia, thdm cM hq dua ra cdc chinh sach ve thue, gid thue dit... thip hon nMSu so vdi miic quy dinh chung ciia cd nude cM nhdm muc dich tang trudng vl s6 luqng doanh ngMep cd von dau Mnudc ngoai vd tang ty trqng cdng ngMep hod tren dja ban ngay ca kM cac doanh nghiep nay khdng mang lai hieu qua cho nen kirM
thing 8-2011 ',
I K I N H T E
t l hay gay n8n sir mit can doi ve sdn xuit so vdi quy hoach... Vi vay, Nha nude can cd th8m cac bien phdp nham quan ly chat che hon vd xii ly ngMem minh doi vdi cdc dja phucmg co tinh vi pham cac chinh sdch cua Nha nude ttong viec Mu hiit von diu Mnudc ngodi.
Moi doanh nghiep, nganh san xuat xuit phdt hi dac diem kmh tl, ky Muat se cd cdc ylu to chi pM trung gian vd vai ttd ciia cac ylu to nay khdc nhau.
Do do cdc doanh ngMep, ngdnh phdi tungM8n ciiu, ddnh gia de tim cac gidi phdp phii hqp nhdm lam gidm cM pM trung gian tii cdc yeu to dd. Cu the, qua viec tim kilm cac nguy8n, nMen, vat lieu thay the re ban, nhung bdo dam cdc chi ti8u ky thudt; thay ddi cdng nghe, ttang bj mdy mdc thiet bi mdi va dp dung cac cdng ngh8 de giam cM pM trung gian hen mqt don vj san pham; td chiic quan ly san xuat hqp ly hon, nang cao ndng suit lao dqng, ndng cao tay nghi; xdy dimg cac tieu chu^n, quy chi Muc M8n cac djnh miic tieu hao nguyen, nMen, vdt Heu.
Mqt ttong cdc khodn cM pM kha ldn (My Mudc nganh sdn pham) dd la cM phi nang luqng. Neu giam duqc chi phi nang luqng se giam cM pM trung gian vd se ldm tang gia trj tang them, chua ke gdp phin ldm gidm tinh trang ttdi dat ndng len do sii dung ngdy cdng gia tang nMen lieu hda Mach.
Viec giam chi phi tnmg gian cd y nghia song cdn vdi nen kinh te. Neu khdng gidm duqc chi phi trung gian tM khdng nhung khdng nang duqc miic tang trudng ma hang Viet Nam chac chdn se khd canh tranh. Do dd gidm cM pM trung gian can suphoi hqp cua nhilu ngdnh chiic nang va nhung chinh sdch VI md nhir gidm cM pM ha ting, cac dich vu buu chinh vien Mdng, dien nude, cude phi van chuyen, ben bai, thanh tra kiem tra, chi phi hai quan, lai suat tien vay, cac loai Mul...B
50 |3!BS]3l!SBthing8.2011
N
hac sy Pham Tuy8n sinh nam 1930, la con thii 9 ciia hqc gid Pham Quynh - mdt nha bao noi tilng diu the ky XX, chii but ciia Nam Phong tap chi, Thuqng Mu trilu Nguyen. Nam 1945, mdi 15 Moi Pham Tuyen da mo cdi cha, vi cu Pham Quynh bi du kich dia phuong ngd sdt trong cdch mang thang 8. Theo dng Vu Dinh Huynh - thu ky rieng ciia Bdc Ho k l lai, kM nghe tiin cu Pham Quynh bj chet oan, Bac Mot len ldi Muong tile. Bdc cdn ndi:Neu cu Pham cdn, tM chiing ta cimg mdi cu ra giiip nude. Khi hai ngudi chj gai ciia Pham Tuyen den gap Bac de hdi chuyen, Bdc ndi: "Cu Pham la ngudi ciia lich su, se duqc lich sii ddnh gid lai... Con chau cd vimg tdm di Meo each mang".
Nghe ldi day ciia Bac, tin tudng vdo Dang, vdi bau nhiet huylt cua mdt tMeu M8n yeu nude, Pham Tuyen da sdm Mam gia each mang. 6ng 18n chien khu Viet Bac khi toan quIc khang chien. Nam 1949, dng hqc khda V Trudng Luc qudn Tran Quoc . Tuin. Nam 1950, mdi 20 Mdi, d n g ^ l d Dai ddi trudng taiTrudng Thilu sinh quan Viet Nam. Trong thdi gian ndy, dng da cd nhimg chiim ca khiic v l Trudng Luc quan Trin Quoc Tuan vd ve Thieu sirM qudn Viet Nam. Sau dd, dng duqc cii sang hqc
