Tac dong cua viec lam them den ket qua hoc tap cua sinh vien Khoa Van tai - Kinh te,
Tru'dng Dai hoc Giao thong Van tai^
NGaviri DANG QGANG*
MGQYEN VAM KHOA"
Tom tat
Nghiin cdu dugc thuc hiin nham khdng dinh dnh hudng cua viec ldm thim de'n ki't qud hgc tdp cua sinh vien Khoa Van tdi - Kinh te. TrUdng Dgi hgc Giao thdng Van tdi. Ki't qua nghien ciiu cho thdy, cd su khde biit ve ki't qud hgc tap gida nhom sinh vien di ldm them vd nhdm sinh viin khdng ldm them; gida thdi k^r irudc vd .sau khi di Idm thim. TH dd, nhdm nghiin cdu de xudl mgt sd khuyen nghi giup sinh vien di ldm thim cdi thiin ket qud hgc tap.
Ttt khda: viec ldm them, sinh viin. hgc tap Summary
The sludy is conducted to assess ihe effect of part-lime jobs on learning results of students at Faculty of Transport Economics, University of Transport and Communications. The outcome reveals a difference in academic performance between non-working students and those who work part-lime, as well as before and after part-time jobs. From the finding, some schemes are proposed lo help students working part-time to improve their academic performance Keywords: part-time jobs, students, learning
GI61 THIEU PHl/ONG PHAP NGHIEN CU'U
Vdi dac thii la mdt trffdng dai hoc ky Nhom nghien cffu sff dung ket hdp phffdng phap thuSt, phan ldn sinh vidn Trddng Dai nghidn cffu dinh tinh vdi phrfdng phap nghidn cffu hoc Giao thdng Vdn tai ed xuat than ttt dinh Iffdng. De cd sd lieu, nhdm nghidn effu sff dung nong thon, hoan eanh kinh te gia dinh phddng phap phdng van trrfe tid'p 605 sinh vidn Khoa tifOng ddi khd khan, nen nhu cau lam Van tai - Kinh td', Trffdng Dai hpc Giao Ihong VSn tai, thdm kha Idn. Tuy nhien, bdn canh trong do bao gdm 356 sinh vien di lam thera va 249 viec kid'm them thu nhap trang trai cho sinh vien khong di lam thdm thong qua bang cau hdi viec hpc va cac nhu cau ea nhan, lam (thdi gian phdng van ttt thang 07-08/2019).
qtien vdi moi trrfdng mdi, tich lOy kinh Nhdm nghien cffu sd dung phrfdng phap tho'ng ke nghiem lam vide, md rpng eac mdi quan mo ta, phan tich ANOVA kiem djnh T vdi mau tttng he, nang cao ky nang giao tie'p , thi viec cap, kiem dinh T vdi mlu ddc lap va phan tich bang iam thdm cung anh hffdng de'n ddi so'ng cheo dd' kie'm dinh gia thuye't cua nghien cffu.
va ke'l qua hoe tap cua sinh vidn Trffdng
Dai hoc Giao thong Van tai. KET QUA NGHIEN CL/U Nghien cffu tac ddng cua vide lara
•h^m dd'n kd't qua hpc cua sinh vidn Sff khac bidt ve kd't qua hoc tap giu'a sinh vidn di Khoa Van tai - Kinh ti, Trffdng Dai hpe Iam them va sinh vien khong di lam thdm Giao thdng Van tai, tff dd drfa ra mpt sd De' xem xet viec di iam them cd tae dpng nhrf the' khuyen nghi nham cai thien ke't qua hoc nao de'n ke't qua hpe tap cua sinh vien Khoa Van tai tap la rat can thid't. - Kinh te', Trffdng Dai hpc Giao thong Van tai, nhdm
PGS, TS., "ThS., Trrfdng Dai hoc Giao thong Van tai
^S&y nhdn bai 10/11/2019; Ngay phdn bien: 19/11/2019; Ngdy duyet dcing- 23/11/2019
' Nghign cifu doTrif&ng Dai hoc Giao thong Van lai lai trcl, nam trong khuon kh^ de tai ma so T20I9-KT-003
111
BAMO 1 : K E T Q U A K I E M D I N H T v t S(J K H A C B l f T vk DIEW TRUMG BINH HOC K Y GLflA H A I N H O M S I N H V I E N Dl L A H T H E M V A K H O N G Dl L A M T H E M
Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed
Levene's Test for Equality of Variances
F 5.437
Sig.
0,020
t-test for Equality of Means
I
0.284 0,277
df 603 486,488
Sig P-iailed) 0.016 0,012
BAMG 2 : DIEM TRUMG BIMH HOC KY CGA SIMH VIEM Tmh trang lam them
DTBC Khong
Co
Mean 3.34 3.12
Std. Deviation 0,971 0.848
BAMG 3: K E T Q U A K I E M DIMH S d K H A C BIET VE DIEM TRONG BIMH COA SIMH VIEM GIAI DOAM TRCTSC V A SAU K H I D l L A M T H E M
DTBC SKLT - DTBC TKLT Mean
-0.2 Std. Deviation
0.646 t -2,951
df i55
Sig. (2-tailed) 0.003
BAMG 4 : D I E M TRGNG BINH HQC KY CJ GIAI DOAM TRCTCiC v A SAG K H I L A M T H E M
DTBC TKLT DTBC SKLT
Mean 3,32 3,12
Std. Deviation 0,962 0.848
BAMG 5. T A C DONG C U A VIEC L A M T H E M DEN HOAT DONG HQC TAP C U A SIMH V I E N
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Tac dOng cua vi^c lam thgm d^n boat d3ng hoc tSp Khong dam bao Iieh hpc
Giam thSi gian ISn I6p Giam thtfi gian tiT hifc Khong CO thifi gian hoc biii Phan tam trong viec hoc Anh hiiSng de'n sdc khoe Khong can doi du'dc viec hoc va lam
Ty Ifi (%) 10,1
4,8 55,9 15.4 22,5 27,8 18,0
nghidn cdu tie'n hanh kiem dinh sff khac biet giffa diem trung binh ciia hai nhom sinh vidn di lam thdm va khong di lam thdm.
Gid ihuye'l HI: Cd sff khac biet ve kd't qua hoc tap giffa nhdm sinh vidn di lam them va nhdm sinh vien khong di Iam Ihem.
Tff kd't qua kiem dmh Bang 1, vdi mffc y nghTa 0,002 cho tha'y, phddng sai cua diem trung binh giffa nhdm sinh vidn di lam thdm va khdng lam them la khac nhau. Nhd vay, ke't qua cua kiem dinh T dffdc
sff dung trong trffdng hdp phffdng sai khong bang nhau vdi mffc y nghTa la 0,012 so vdi dp tin cay la 0,05, thi co^sff khac biet cd y nghia thd'ns kd ve diem trung binh giffa hai nhdm sinh vien di lam them va khdng di lam thdm. Hay ndi each khac, gia thuyd't HI dffdc chap nhan.
Bang 2 cho thay. diem trung binh hoc ky cua nhffng sinh vien^ di lam them la 3,12, trong khi dd, diem trung bmh cua nhffng sinh vidn khong di lam thdm la 3,34. Dieu nay chffng to, diem Irung binh cua sinh vien di lam them CO xu hffdng thap hdn sinh vien khong di lam them.
Su" khac bidt ve kd't qua hoc t$p cua nhifng sinh vidn di lam thdm d thdi diem trifdc va sau khi di lam them
De CO dffdc nhffng bang chffng chac chdn hdn nffa ve vide di lam them co lac dpng dd'n kd't qua hpc tSp cua sinh vidn, nhdm nghidn cdu da tie'n hanh kiem dinh T trong trffdng hdp mau tdng cap, tdc la sff dung kiem dinh T de xem xet su"
khac nhau ve diem trung binh cua nhffng sinh vidn di lam thdm d 2 giai doan, bao g6m: trffdc klu di lam them va sau khi di lam them.
Gid thuyet HI: Cd sff khac bidt ve kd't qua hpc tap d giai doan trffdc va sau khi di lam Ihem cua smh vidn.
Ke't qua Bang 3 cho thay, vdi mffc y nghia quan sat 2 phia la 0,003 < 0,05 (dp tin cay) co sff chenh lech cd y nghTa tho'ng ke ve die'm trung binh cua nhffng sinh vidn di lam thdm d giai doan trddc va sau khi hp di Iam thdm. Cu the', diem trung binh hpc ky cua nhffng sinh vien di lam thdm cd sd khac biet ro ret trong giai doan trirdc va sau khi di lam them nhl/Bang 6.
Qua Bang 4 cho tha'y, die'm trung binh cua smh vidn d giai doan trffdc khi di Iam them cao hdn so vdi diem trung binh d giai doan sau khi ho di lam them.
Cu thd\ tru'dc khi di lam them diem trung binh hoc ky cua nhdm sinh vidn nay khoang 3,32. sau khi di Iam them thi ke't qua^hpc ky cd phan giam sut va luc nay did'm trung binh hpc k\ cua ho chl con 3,12.
^ Nhtr vay, trd lai ket qua kiem dmh cua Bang 5 cd the thay. die'm trung binh hoc ky cua sinh vidn sau khi di lam them giam khoang 0,2 did'm so vdi hpc ky trddc khi hp di Iam them. Gia thuye't H2:
Co sir khac biei ve kd't qua hoc tap d giai
112
floan trffdc va sau khi di lam them cua sinh vien dffdc chap nhan.
Nhiing tac dpng tii viec lam thdm d^o ho^t flOng hoc tSp cua sinh vidn
Bang 5 cho tha'y, kd't qua khao sat sinh vien lam them cd nhieu tac ddng tigu cffc dd'n boat dpng hoc tap cua sinh vien. Nhffng tac dpng do tap trung vao cac ye'u to, nhd: Giara Ihdi gian td lioc (55,9%); Anh hffdng dd'n sffc khoe (27,8%); va Phan tSm trong viec hpc (22,5%), lam cho kd't qua hoc tap bi giam Slit kd' tff khi smh vien bat dau di lam them, Tuy nhien, vide di l^m them tac dong nhieu hay it dd'n hoat ddng hpc tap con tijy thupc vao nhieu yeu to, do la: So' gid lam vide vao mdi ngay, Ihdi diem dl lam them; Loai cong vidc va linh chat cong vide; Sff phu hdp cua cong vide lam thdm vdi chuydn mon cua sinh vien,
Anh hu&ng cua thdi gian ldm them trang binh/ngdy
De xera xet sff anh hifdng cua thdi gian lam thdm trung binii/ngay de'n kd't qua hoc tap cua sinh vidn, nhdm nghidn Cltu tid'n hanh kiem dmh md'i quan he giila ke't qua hpc tap (die'm trung binh hoc ky) cua sinh vidn khi hp lam them va thdi gian hp lam them trung binh trong mgt ngay.
Gid thuyi'i H3: Thdi gian lam them tmng binh/ngay cd sff tac dpng ngifdc chieu ldn ket qua hpc tap
Ke't qua kiem dinh tffdng quan Pear- son vdl raffc y nghTa 0,023<d6 tin eay 0,05 cho th§'y, ke't qua hpc tap the hidn bang di^ra trung binh hpc ky cd moi quan he tuyd'n dnh nghich bid'n vdi so' gitI lam them trung binh/ngay do'i vdi sinh vien di lam thdm. Cu the' la neu sinh vien danh cang nhi^u thdi gian cho viec lam them thi ket qua hoc tap se co xu hifdng giara sdt. Nhff vay, gia thuye't H3 du'dc chap nhan.
Qua ke't qua Bang 7 co the thay, vidc lam_ them lara giam thdi gian tff hoc chiera ty Id cao nhS't Irong so' cac ye'u to' anh hffdng de'n ke't qua hoc tap, ngay tff mtic so gid lara them tff 02 gid mdi ngay tr^ dl, thi ty Id nay cao va tang dan theo so gid lam thdm. Cu die' nd'u so gid lam lhdmtren08gid, thi61,9% so sinh vien trong nhom sinh vidn di lam them deu bi giam thdi gian tff hpc.
Ben canh vide bi giam thdi gian tff hpc, thi vide lam thdm cung anh hffdng den sii'c khde ciia sinh vien, ngay td mde
BANG 6: KET QUA KIEM DIMH mo'l QGAN HE GidA KET QUA HOC TAP veil THCil GIAN LAM THEM TRGNG BINH/NGAY COA SINH VIEM
Correlations
Diem TBCHK
ThGi gian lam them trung binh/ngay
Pearson Correlation Sig (2-tailed}
N
Pearson Correlation Sig- (2-tailed) N
TBCHK 1
323 -0,19 0,023 353
Thoti gian lam them trung binh/ngay
-0,19 0,023 353 I
353
BANG 7: PHAM TICH MOl LIEN HE GidA THdl GIAM LAM THEM TRUMG BINH/NGAY \Q\ MHSNG TAC DOMG LEN HOAT DONG HOC TAP
CQA SINH VIEN Tac dong cua viSc lam thSm
doi vdi boat dgng hgc t^p 1 KhSng d^m bao hch hoc 2 Giam thdi gian len Mp 3. Giam tbifi gian tif hoc 4 Khong cd thdi gmn hoc bai 5, Phan tSm trong viec hgc 6. Anh hifdng dfe'n site khoe 7. Khong ciiii doi dUOc viec hoc va lam
Thcfi gian lam them trung binb/ng^y (%')
< 2 g i e 8,3 0,0 33,3 25,0 33,3 16,7 16.7
2-4 giS 5,6 2,8 57,0 6,5 24,3 24,3 15,0
4-8 gi9 11,7
5.2 56,8 18,8 20,2 27,7 18,8
> 8 g i d 19,0 14,3 61,9 23,8 28,6 57,1 23,8
dl lam th6m du'di 02 gid/ngay ty 16 sinh vien bi anh hu'dng den su'c khoe da la 16,7% va ty 1§ nay tang dan theo so gicf lam them, Ty le nay tang len mu'c 57,1 % d tru'dng hdp di iam them qua 08 gid/ngay,
Nhu' vay, cang di lam thgm nhieu thdi gian trong ngay, thi sinh vi6n cang bi giam thdi gian ttf hoc (do phai dl ra ngoai nhieu va mS't nhieu thdi gian cho cdng viec) va su'c khoe sinh vien cang bi anh hitdng tiSu ctfc (do thie'u thdi gian nghi ngdi, che do dinh du'dng khong hdp ly.,),
Anh hitdng cua sti lien quan den ngdnh htyc cna cong viec ldm them
Qua ket qua nghien cilli d Bang 8 cho tha'y, du cong viec lam them khdng lien quan hay cd lien quan de'n nganh hoc sinh vi6n du'dc dao tao, thi viic di lam them deu anh hu'dng den boat ddng hoc tip ciia sinh vi6n, tap trung vao mpt so' khia canh, nhd: giam thdi gian tit hoc, anh hitdng de'n siic khoe, phan tSm trong viec hoc vi phan nao dd la khong can doi dddc gida viec hoc tap va lam them. Dieu nay se dSn de'n he qua la ket qua hoc tap cua phan nhi^u sinh vign di lam them se bi giam sut so vdi thdi gian tiitdc hoac khong to't bang nhffng sinh vien khong di lam them.
113
BAtlG 8: PHAM TiCH MOT UEM HE GISA Stf LIEn QUAN DEN NGAMH HOC CUA CONO VIEC LAM THEM Vfll NHanG TAC DONG LEN HOAT DONG
HOC TAP CGA SINH VIEN
Tac dOng cna vi^c lam tbem ddi v ^ hoat d$ng h9c t3p
I. Khong dam bao lich hgc 2 Giam th6i gian len ldp 3. Giam thcfi gian tif hgc 4. Khong CO th&i gian boc bai 5. Pban t3m trong vi&c hgc 6. Anh hi/dng d€^n st^c khoe 7. Khong can doi di/dc \ iec hpc va lim
Vi^c Iam th&m co Mn quan d^n nganh hgc (%) Khong
10.3 5.0 55,4 16.9 23,6 28p 19.0
C6 9,6 4.4 57,0 12,3 20^
263 15.8
KET LUAN VA KHUYEN NGHI
Ke't qua nghien ci?u cho thay, anh hi/dng cua viec lam them tdi ke't qua hoc tap cua sinh vien Khoa Van tai - Kinh te'. Tnfdng Dai hoc Giao thong Van tai co sif khac biet ve ket qua hpc tap giu'a nhom sinh vien di lam them va nhom sinh vien khong di Iam them; d giai doan tn/dc va sau khi di lam them cua sinh vien;
va cd sif tac dpng ngifdc chieu cua thdi gian di lam trung binh/ngay vdi ket qua hpc tap cua sinh vien.
Anh hifdng cua viec lam them tdi ket qua hpc tap chu ye'u tdi mpt so' mat cua hoat dong hpc tap, nhif: lam giam thdi gian tif hoc. anh hu'dng den su'c khde. phan tam trong hpc tap.
Ticket qua tren, nhom tac gia du'a ramptso khuye'n nghi giup sinh vien Khoa Van tai - Kinh te cd the can bang giiJa viec lam them vdi hoat dpng hpc tap de han che viec sa siil ve ke't qua hpc tap. Cu the nhif sau:
Mot Id, ddnh mot quy thdi gian nhdt dinh mdi ngdv cho viec M hgc bang each nhan thtfc ro \ iec di lam them hien tai chi mang dnh nha't thdi con viec hoc la viec lau dai va co anh hu'dng ldn de'n tu'dng jai sau nav. Neu tha'y cong viec minh chiem qua nhieu thdi gian, thi nen xem xet lai, CO the giam gid lam hoac chuyen sang cong viec khac it thdi gian hdn. Nen tong ket va cap nhat chu'dng trinh sau moi tuan. lap danh sach nhu'ng viec can lam, viec gi quan trong hdn, thi lam tru'dc. Ghi ra giay nhii'ng dieu can lam va quyet dinh viec nao se lam tru'dc, viec nao lam sau, hay nhd ai lam, hoac hoan viec nao sau mpt thdi gian dai. Sdp xe'p cong viec theo tuan, theo thang: danh da'u cac buoi di Iam them, di hpc, hpp nhdm trong mgt cuon so tay chia 6 thdi gian hoac bang bieu. Lich ghi ke hoach lau dai: su" dung mpt bang cho moi thang de cd the len ke hoach tnfdc. Nhii'ng lich ghi ke hoach lau dai nhif the nay se nhac nhd giup sinh vien su" dung tot quy thdi gian.
Hai Id, cdi thiin sdc khoe b^ng each xac dinh ro sii'c khde ia thiJ quy gia nhat cua con ngifdi. Vi vay. nen tranh nhu'ng cong viec nang nhpc. mat nhilu thdi gian va phai thiJc khuya de dan dan cai thien tinh trang stfc khde cua minh. Ngoai ra, nen chu y de'n che dp dinh duSng, ngu du giac, CO gizc ngu tnfa va giU trang thai tam ly tot.
Ba Id, cdi thien sU tap trung trong hgc tap cua sinh viin bang each xac dinh rd tif tifdng lap tnfdng "gid nao viec na'y". Tao dpng life ddi vdi viec hpc tap de cd the tap trung cao ngay khi hpc tren Idp.^
TAI LIEU THAMKHAO _ _ _ _ _ _
1. Nguyin Pham Tuyet Anh. Chau Thi Le Duyen va Hoang .Minh Tri (2013). Tac dpng cua viec di lam them de'n ke't qua hoc tap cua sinh vien Tnfdng Dai hoc Cdn Thd, Tgp chi Khoa hoc TrUdng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha. so' 26
2. Trin Minh Du'c. Hoang Mpc Lan, Le Bang Tam, Nguyin Tra Vinh va Trinh Hoa Mai (1998).
Sinh viin cdc IrUdng dgi hgc vdi viec ldm them hien nay, De tai nghien ciJu khoa hpc cap tnfdng, Dai hpc Qudc gia Ha Npi
3. (iamey Claire. Sharon McNeish and John McColl (2005). The impact of part time employmeni on students' health and academic perfonnance: a Scottish perspective, Joumal of further anh higher education, 29(4), 307-319
4. Kane Steven T. Charles C Healy and James Henson (1992). College Students and Their Part- time Jobs: Job Congruency. Satisfaction, and Quality, Joumal of Employmeni Couseling, 29(3), 138-144
5. Van Bastelaer Alois, Georges Lemaitre and Pascal Marianna (1997). The definition of part- time work for the purpose of intemational comparisons, OECD Labour Market and Social Policv Occasional Papers, Paris
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