khoang sang vang goc Sa Phin - Van Ban - Lao Cai

Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o

LITA CHON CONG NGHE KHAI THAC HOP LY

m m m w

khoang sang vang goc Sa Phin - Van Ban - Lao Cai

^0Phin gold mine site belonging to Lao Cai province M

is one of 6 gold mine sites in Vietnam that will to suiveyed and invested for mining with the annual isiSpacity of 3.25 tons in total. In this paper, the authors produce the specifications such as the geological mining conditions and the gold reserves of the mine.

Basing on these data, the paper provides two proper mining systems for this mine site

ThS. VU CHAU TUAN

KS. NGUYEN VAN KIEN

Vi^n Khoa hgc Cong ngh^ Mo - Vinacomin

Theo Quy hoach phan vung tham do, khai thac, c h i bi6n va SU' dung qugng vang, d6ng, niken, molipden Vi#t Nam den nam 2015, co xet den nam 2025 da du'p'c phe duy#t theo Quyet dinh s6 11/2008/QO-BCT ngay 05/06/2008 cua Bp tru-ang Bp Cong Thu-ang, trong giai dogn 2008 ^ 2015 khu mo qUang vang Sa Phin, l\/linh Lu'O'ng la mpt trong 6 diem mo quang vang trong ca nu-oc se du'p'c day manh cong tac tham do va dau tu* khai thac v6i cong suat khoang 3,25 tan/nam (Sa Phin, IVIinh Lu-ang -Lao Cai; vang goc A Vao - A Pey tinh Quang Trj va ThCra Thien - Hul; Tra Nang tinh Lam Dong; Bong IVIieu va Dac Sa tinh Quang Nam).

Thyc hien quy hoach tren, tCr nam 2003, T6ng Cong ty Khoang san - Vinacomin da chu tru'O'ng tham do va du-a vao khai thac mo vang goc Sa Phin.

Tru-ac day, khu mo da duac Vien Dja chat Khoang san phat hien trong qua trinh do ve lap ban do dja chat ty le 1:50.000 vung Tu Le - Van Ban. Cong tac tim kiem tham do dja chat vung mo 6\jeac bat dau vao nhu'ng nam 1995^-1997. Nham chuan xac lai tai nguyen, Cong ty C6 phin Khoang san 3- Tong Cong

ty Khoang san-Vinacomin, da du'P'c giao thyc hi#n thi cong de an "Tham do vang g6c khu Sa Phin. Van Ban, Lao Cai" Khu tham do thupc dja ph|in ban Sa

Phin, xa N|im Xay, huy^n Van Ban, tfnh Lao Cai co di#n tich tham do 1,22 km^, trong d6 khu Sa Phin 1 .orkm^ va khu Tsuha 0,16 km^ Den nay, cong tac tham do theo de an noi tren da hoan thanh, qua trinh tham do da phat hien 06 than quang vang goc: 14, 15, 17, 18, 18A,

19, vdi tru" lu'p'ng quang vang goc khu Sa Phin du'P'c xac djnh la 1.800 kg (ham lu'p'ng vang trung binh 5,71g/t4n).

Trong ranh gidi, khu mo da bj khai thac trai phep nhieu nam tru'dc vdi quy mo Idn cho nen hau h i t phin tren mat mpt so cac than qu|ng da bj khai thac h i t theo chilu sau tCr vai met d i n 50m ^ 60m, ca bi#t d than qu|ng 18 co ch6 d i n 100m (tinh tiy Ip via). Cac khu vyc bj khai thac trai phep chij y l u nam d g i n b l mgt dja hinh.

Nhin chung, cac than qugng c6 dac dilm chilu day than qu|ng tCr mong d i n trung binh, biln doi tCr 1,03 ^ 2,03m, trung binh 1,62m; goc doc dCpng 75°

4- 80°, chilu day va goc doccac than quang I n djnh. Da vach va

trg c^c than qugng tu-o-ng doi on djnh, s|p d l trung binh d i n khd s i p do. Ting hp-p trCp lu'p'ng dja chat trpng ranh gidi 4<hao sat thilt k l khu mo theo chieu day va goc d i e cho thiy, tong tru' lu-p^ng dja chat la 317.642 tan quang, trong d6, tru" lu'p'ng c6 chilu day 0.71 ^ 1,2m la 23.216 tan chilm 7,3%; trO lu'p'ng cd chieu day 1,21^3,5m la 294.426 tan, chilm 92,7% tru' lu'p'ng tpan mp (bang 1).

Vi$c lya chpn cong nghe khai thac hgp ly, xac djnh cac giai phap ky thuat tir khai thac d i n c h i biln sau quang vang goc cua mo nham khai thac c6 hipu qua, tan thu toi da khoang san CO Ich, bao v$ tot moi tru'dng sinh thai, dong thdi lam cc sd quylt djnh quy mo d i u tu' mo mpt each hipu qua va an toan, la nhi$m vg quan trpng va bCpc thilt hi#n hay.

Tren t h i gidi, vi#c nghien cu'u ap dyng cac sa do cong ngh$ khai thac cho dieu kipn cac than quang mong d i n trung binh, d i e dipng, tu'ang ty nhu d Sa Phin pon rat khiem t i n . Cac h$ thing khai thac kinh diln thLPdng du'P'c ap dung gom: He thong khai thac pha no phan ting, bulng lyu quang;

buong lu'u quang su' dung 16

KHCNM S6 3/2012* CNKT HAM LO

Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe mo

Bang 1. Tong htyp tru' lirg-ng khu md

Than TT quing

Todn md

! 1 TQ14 i 2 TQ15 3 TQ17 4 TQ18 5 TQ19

TrQ> lutyng theo chiiu ddy

0.71 + 1.2 1,21+2.03 Qu$ng

23.216 4.665.6 18.550,4

Kim lo^i 76 14.8 61.4

Qu$ng 294.426 41.473,1 106.375,1

99.017,8 47.560.3

Kim lo^i

^.^y7

245,5 340,4 861,3 290.1

T6ng c^ng Qu$ng

317.642 4.665.6 60.023.4 106.375.1

99.017.8 47.560,3

Kim lo^i 1.814

14.8 306,9 340,4 861.3 290,1

Hdm Iwtyng TB (g/t)

5.71 3.17 5 11 3.20 8.70 6,10

Tyl$(%)

100 1.47 18,90 33.49 31.17 14,97 khoan dai. chia Idp ngang k i t

hp-p vdi Chen Id. chia Idp nghieng kit hp-p vdi chen 16 va h? thong khai thac c^e mach qu|ng mong.

Tren ea sd eae h# thing khai thac nay, tuy thupc vao dilu kien dja - ky thugt cac than quang (dp kien eo, chieu day, goc die, tinh chat, thanh phin thach hpc, dac diem d i t da vay quanh...) ma c6 tCi-ng sa do c6ng nghe khai thac va phu'ang phap tach pha quang khac nhau du'P'c lya chpn:

Tach pha quang b i n g khoan no min vdi vi#c SLP dyng cac thilt bj khoan ca gidi k i t hp'p no min trong eae 16 khoan dai (than qu|ng day) hoac no min vi sai trong cac 16 khoan nho (than quang mong).

- Tach pha qugng bing eae thilt bj ca gidi hoa nhy may combai hoac may danh rgch, k i t hp'p van tai bang bSng tai du'P'c ap dyng khai th^e cac logi qugng m l m y l u (f = 2 H- 3) 6^f) CLPng trung binh (f = 7 -;- 8).

Tach pha qugng bang SCPC

nu'dc dyp'c nghien cyu va dya vap ap dung tai mpt s i mo mangan eua Lien Xo (cu).

Tach pha quang bang t y sap do dygc nghien cyu va du'a vae ap dyng tai eae than

quiing m l m y l u bing Ccich dcio e^e du'dng 16 v^ 6k lyu kh6ng eho qu|ng ty sgp d l dydi dp lye mo.

Tai Vi^t Nam, trudc ndm 1945, ede mo vang g l e nhu- Pae Lgng (Ble Can), Bing Mieu (Quang Nam) da dugc khai thac, ngoai ra, c6n e6 hang chyc mo vang sa khoang dLpgc khai thac d quy m6 nho nhu Kim B6i (Hoa Binh), Yen Na (Nghe An), Trung Mang (Quang Nam), v.v. Trong thdi ky chiln tranh, vi^c khai thac h i u nhu bj tgm dung Igi. Sau chiln tranh, d|c bi$t tu nam 1980, mdi xuit hi$n mpt logt cac xi nghi#p khai thac vang sa khoang nhu: Bing Mi§u, Suli Hoan, Suli Nhau (Thai Nguyen), Pu N i p (Quang Nam), Trd Ndng (Ldm Oing)...

D i n culi nhOng ndm cua t h| p ky 80 mdi hinh thdnh mOt s i xl nghiip khai thdc qugng vdng g l e nhu Nd Pdi (Lgng San), Trd Duang (Quang Nam), VTnh An (Ding Nai)...

Cae mo qugng h i m 16 trong nude hi|n nay chu y l u khai thac vdi quy mo nho, san lugng khai thdc hdng nam t u vdi nghin d i n vai chyc nghin t i n . Cong nghf khai thdc thu cong, tdch pha qugng bang khoan n l

min trong cdc l6 khoan dudng kinh nho, s u dyng may khoan khi nen d m tay logi nho. C6ng tdc xuc b i c dugc thyc hi#n

b i n g thu e6ng k i t hgp vgn tai bdng xe cai t i l n hogc cdc logi xe go6ng e6 dung tich nho, ti>

0,5 ^ 0,8m3

Tren ca sd kinh nghidm khai thac tren t h i gidi vd tgi Vi|t Nam, qua ddnh gia d i l u ki#n dja chat cua cdc than quang khu mo vdng g l e Sa Phin, Vien KHCN Mo da Igp d y an khai thdc mo vang Sa Phin va de x u i t 2 h# thing khai thdc dp dyng eho khu mo, bao gom:

1. H# thdng khai thac budng chia l a p ngang chen Id bing da trg.

H$ thing khai thdc chia ldp ngang k i t hgp vdi chen 16 bdng dd tn^ dugc dp dyng khai thac cho d i l u ki^n cdc thdn qugng d i e dung co chilu ddy trung binh, qu|ng co dp b i n vung Idn, d i t da xung quanh kem b i n vung, mgt t i l p xuc giua dit dd vd qugng tuang d i i diu, than qugng khong chua kep, gid trj kinh t l cua qugng Idn (hinh 1).

- Cong tac chain bj: Chuin bj theo t i n g vdi chieu eao ting t u 30 -e- 35m, chia t i n g thdnh cdc ept khai thdc vdi chilu rpng t y 30 H- 60m. Dao 16 van tai,

Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o

Guttig khai thflclagig w dscyb IMngflb

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MATCATA-A

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LO doc via v ^ Ifi Vlhudnn cOHkhta iBachankhOc^itilafi IJiaH>ac

Hinh 1. H^ thong khai Vide buong chia I6p ngang chdn Id bang da try MAT CAT A - A

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A h — " ^ P h f l n g l t i a o quang

H/n/) 2. He fAiong Af/;a/ fA7ac pha no phan tang th6ng gid ting, t u d6 md cac 16 quang va da khoang 2 ^ 3m).

thugng cot (thugng buong c6 the dao trude hoac ddo eung vdi tiln dp khai thac). Khai thdc khii tam gidc d day cua buong 6e tgo mat phdng nghieng eho guang khai thdc.

Cong tac khai thac: Khai thdc theo cac Idp nghieng, vdi chilu ddy mil Idp tu 1,0 •^ 1,5m theo hudng tu dudi len tren bang cdc 16 khoan nho.

Cong tac chen Id: Dugc thyc hien cung vdi qua trinh khau quang, da chen dugc lay tCr vi$c khau md rpng dd try vdi chilu ddy khau md rpng ty 1 -5- 2m (tong chilu day khdu ca than

Cong tac van tai: Qugng sau khi pha no ty trugt tren mat phang nghieng eua nIn vgt li^u chen (nen dugc lot t6n 6e trdnh hi#n tugng mit mat qugng) vd do xuing khoang vgn tai qugng eua 16 thugng buong (khii).

Cong tac thong gio: Gio sgeh tu' 16 van tai qua thugng ept len thong gi6 cho cdc phdn t i n g khai thdc, gio thai thodt theo 16 thugng ept len 16 dpc via thong gi6 vd thodt ra ngodi.

2. He thing khai thac pha n l phan tdng.

He thing khai thdc pha n l

phan tang dugc dp dyng trong dieu kien than qugng c6 chieu day trung binh doc dung, dat da va qugng thupc logi bin vung, kho sap d l (hinh 2).

- Cong tac chuan bj: Ting khai thdc dugc chuan bj vdi chieu eao 25 -^ 35m, tu 16 dpc via vgn tai trong qugng tien hdnh ddo cdc 16 thugng ept chia tang thdnh ept khai thdc vdi ehieu rpng ept tu 40 ^ 60m.

Tu 16 thugng ept, tiln hdnh ddo cac 16 phan t i n g d l chia ting thdnh cac phan ting vdi chilu eao m6i phan ting 6 -H 8 m. L 6 phdn ting dudi cung dugc dao

KHCNM S6 3/2012* CNKT HAM LO

Thong tin khoa hQC cong ngh$ mo

each 16 dpc via vgn tdi t i n g t u eung eua e|t vd dugc thdp qua khodng san Id qugng vdng co 1 ^ 3m. Be thu h i i qu|ng trong 16 n i i (c6 l i p eua thdo) xuIng gid trj kinh t l eao thi viee lya bulng khai thdc, tiln hdnh ddo phyang ti|n v$n tdi tr§n 16 vHn chpn dp dyng HTKT hgp ly, cdc 16 thdo qu^ng (hpng sdo) tai, sau d6 dygc v$n chuyin ra ddm bao an todn, hi|u qua, t u 16 dpc via len 16 phdn t i n g " 9 ° ^ ' "^^t bing eua 16. gidm h | s i t i n thit, lam ngheo dudi cung cua t i n g , khoang - Cdng tic thdng gid: Gi6 qu$ng trong qud trinh khai thdc cdch giu'a cdc hpng sdp t u 6 + sgch tu 16 dpc vfa v^n tdi qua '^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^ ^ " t^'®*-

8m vd dugc ddo theo t i l n dO thugng thdng gid cua c|t I6n Tu cdc k i t qua phan tich khai thdc eua c|t. thong gid cho cdc phdn ting khai tr§n cho thiy, trong d i l u ki^n

Cdng tic khai thdc: Qu^ng ^hdc, gi6 thdi tu cdc phdn ting m6 qu$ng vdng g l e Sa Phin dugc khai thac theo cdc 16 '^^^' ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^° '^ ^^^ ^^^ "-^^ ^ ^ ' ' ^^ *^^' P^^^^Q ^ "

phdn t i n g bing cdch n l min ^hdng gid cua d t thodt ra ngodi. c6ng n g h | d i u c6 t h i dp dyng.

trong cdc 16 khoan dudng kinh T i n g hgp so sdnh uu, Tuy nhifen, HTKT budng, chia nho, chilu ddi 3m. Cdc phan nhuge dilm vd mOt s i chi ti6u '6p ngang, chin Id bing da ting dugc khai thdc d i n g thdi kinh t l - ky thudt ca ban trong try c6 nhilu uu dilm vd Igi t h i

hogc n i i t i l p nhung phdi dam d i l u ki^n m6 Sa Phin cua hai hgn do e6ng tdc chuin bi dan bao khoang cdch vugt trude he thing khai thdc (HTKT) n6i gian, dp dyng thu^n Igi vd linh eua phdn t i n g tren so vdi phdn tren dugc t h i hi|n trong bang hogt trong d i l u kien cdc thdn ting dudi t i i thieu tu' 2 ^ 5m. 2 vd 3. qugng eo s y biln d i i chilu

- Cdng tac v$n tai: Qugng Vdi myc tieu khai thdc an d^Y••• Han nua, he thing khai sau khi phd n l d guang t y todn, hieu qua, giam t i n thit tdi thdc ndy co he s i Idm ngheo chay xuIng 16 phdn t i n g dudi nguyen t i i da, dge biet vdi vd muc dp t i n t h i t qugng thip

Bing 2. So sinh mi, nhirtyc diem cua HTKT

TT . . HTKT buong chia i(rp ngang HTKT phi no phin tang sinh

C6ng tac

chuin bi Dan gian Phtpc tgp

- Ap dyng cho dieu ki$n thdn qudng cd chieu I . x u A i j . i L . u » x . u - ddy trong khoang tif 2- 6m, hi^u qua nhdt

^^. ^ Ap dung thudn Igi vd cd kha ndng khai ' , ^ , ^ J* ^.^^^i ^ ^ \ . ^•'- ' l ' " ; ^ " ^ thdc linh hogt trong dilu kl^n thdn qudng I * : r ^ . ^ * ° ' " l . ^^ ^ , ^ " 9 f ^ / ^

^P ^"^"9 bi^, ^ . j ^^,i^^ d^ , ^ , ki$n thdn qudng mong han (1.2-1.5 m). tuy nhl6n, khi chieu ddy qud mong h$ so ton thdi I vd Idm ngh^o qudng Idn.

- Cdng tdc khai thdc chu dOng, cd thi khai thdc \

chpn Ipc, h$ s6 ldm nghdo qudng thdp. _. ,^ ,. ,s , , .^ i ... »

^ ^ '' ^ *' Cdng tdc khoan l6 min vd ngp thulc thudn - Chu dOng trong vi$c kilm sodt tinh trgng, ,<yi ^an do thyc hi$n trdn Id dpc via phdn tang, U-u dilm ^^ ^^^ ^"^"^' : 9'^"^ ^^^^ ^^^'* 9'3" khoan n l

Thudn Ipi khi khai thdc thdn qu$ng cd chilu i . M^PC dO an todn cao han.

I ddy t}«ln ddng Ic^n do cd thi dilu chinh chilu i i rdng khdu theo chilu ddy thdn qudng d l ddng..

j Ty 1$ tinjhit qudng thdp han.

- Cdng sudt khai thdc bj gidm do phdi khdu 1" •^'^^' '""^"9 dudng 16 chuin bj Idn.

md rOng try d l lly dit dd chdn Id. ' Khi thdn qudng c6 chilu ddy biln ddng I6n Nhu'pc dilmj. vj trf Idm vide tn,rc tilp dudi guang khai j ^hi h | s i mdt mdt vd ldm nghdo qudng Idn.

; thdc, do dd, cdng tdc khoan ngp khdng I Ty Id ton thdt qudng Idn han.

i thudn Igi vd dilu kidn an todn khdng cao. I

Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe mo

Bing 3. Chi tieu kinh ti - ky thuat co> bin cua HTKT

TT

1 2 i 3

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Ten chi tieu

Chieu ddy trung binh thdn qudng Op kidn CO cua qudng

G6c d i e thdn qudng 1 The trpng qudng

' Chilu cao trung binh khii khai thdc

Chieu rOng trung bInh khii khai thdc Tiln dd khiu gu-ang mOt chu ky , Thdi gian hodn thdnh chu k^ khai thdc '' San lupng khai thdc mOt ngdy ddm

San lugng khai thdc thdng : C6ng suit Id chg

Chi phi thulc no Chi phi kip no

Ndng suit lao d6ng tryc tilp Chi phi met 16 chuan bj '• Ton that cong nghd

Den vj m

f dd Tln/m3

m m m ca T/ng-ddm Tin/ thdng

Tdn/ndm kg/tdn cdi/tin Tln/c6ng

m/tan

%

So lu-g'ng

HTKT buong chia HTKT phi no ldp ngang phin tang

1

i- -

1

35

; 1.2

1

! 6 60

1.500 18.000

1.7 2,2 2,4

i 2 0 ^ 2 5

^'"'" I O H - 1 2

_ i

1,62 6 ^ 8 70 -^ 80

3.06

30 1

50 2,1

4 75 1.875 22.500

1.8 1,9 2,6 40•^50 15H-18 han trong qua trinh khai thac. K i t qua d l xuat da 6e ra Tai lieu thaw khao:

TCF dd, nhom tac gia d y an Phucng hudng dau tu va phat ^ ^..^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^,^,3.

lua chon dp dung HTKT buong triln cong nghe nham dap Cpng ^^^.^ ^^^..^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^

chia Idp ngang chen 16 bing da Vf" cau san xuat va phat tnen ^.^. ^^^ ^^ ^. ^^x^ ^^^ ^.^.

tru cho khu mo vang Sa Phin ben vung eua mo trong nhung ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^ ^.^^ ^^^ ^^^.

Ldo Cai. " ^ m tdi. Tuy nhien, trong eae ^^^^ ^ ^ ^.^^ ^^^^

3 Kit luan ^"^ ^ ° ^ ° " ^ P^^\ ^% T !"" Van Ban Lao Cai. 2011.

Cdc kit qua phan tich, danh qugng d i n cdc khau e6ng nghe 2. Do M^nh Phong. Giao gid vd d l xuit sa do c6ng nghe phy trg. Vdi myc tieu giam t i n trinh khai thac quang bing khai thdc cho mo qugng vang thit tdi nguyen, nang eao hieu phwongphap ham Id, NXB Xay g l e Sa Phin Van Ban Lao qu^ khai thac, tdng nang suit di/ng, Ha Ndi. 2001

Cai phu hgp vdi dilu kien dja ,ao dpng, cai thien dilu kien 3 ^-gd-skSp Khai thac cac chat-ky thuat mp eua khu vyc. iam viec vd nang eao mCrc dp ^^^.^^ ^ ^ „ ^^^^g ^^ p^,- Viec dp dyng cac sa d6 cong gn toan eho cong nhan khai ^ ^ g „^^^ ^x^„ / j ^ ^ ^ . nghe neu tren dam bao dieu thac, trong thdi gian tdi, c i n l^^g^gg^

kien an todn va eho eae ehl tieu tj|p tyc xem xet, dp dyng ca ' ' ^

kinh t l - k y thuat tuang doi eao, gjai h6a khai thdc khu vyc nay, 4. Imen-nhit-top V.R. Cac nhit la vdi sa do c6ng nghe lam t i l n d l md rpng dp dyng quy trinh cdng ngh$ khai thac khai thac buong, chia l&p cho cdc khu vyc khac e6 dilu ham Id cac khoang sang ngang, chen Id bang da tru. kjgn tyang t y ./. Quang. NXB "Ldng dat". 1984

KHCNM S6 3/2012* CNKT HAM LO