BAD TAO VA HUAN UIVDI THE THAO - SO 4 / 2 0 1 9
flAC flIEM CUA 001 TlffllNII KHONG TAP LUYEN THE DUG THE THAO Ol KHU VOG THANH THj VIET NAM
Nguyen Thj Xuan Phu'o'ng*
Tom tat: " '
Tien hanh dieu tra, phkn tich dac diem cua doi tu'O'ng khdng tap iuydn TDTT d l<hu vyc thanh thi Viet Nam thdng qua dieu tra xa hdi hpc. Ket qua cho thay: So ngudi khdng t§p luyen TDTT d khu vuc thanh thi chiim so ddng la nu, t§p trung d dp tuoi 22 - 45, chu yeu d^n tu cac nghe "cdng nhan, nong dan, lao dpng gian don". Trong do 54.73% doi tup-ng nay "khdng coi trpng ho#c I<h6ng quan tam" den ho^it dpng t$p luydn TDTT. Cac nguyen nh§n chCi y l u la: khdng cd thdi gian, f<h6ng thich, khong c6 dieu kien kinh t l , khdng cd dia diem tap luy$n, khdng cd ngu'ai d i n dat, khong biit phuong phap tgp...
Til' khoa: Dgc diem, khdng tap luyen TDTT, khu vuc thanh thi, Viet Nam.
Characteristics of non-physical traning subjects in urban areas of Vietnam Summary:
Conducting surveys and analyzing characteristics of non-physicai training subjects in urban areas of Vietnam through sociological surveys. The results show that: The majority of people who do not practice sports in urban areas are women, most concentrated in the age group of 22 - 45, mainly coming from "workers, farmers, simple labor". In which 54.73% of these people "do not value or care" about physical training activities. The main reasons are: don't have time, don't likes, don't have economic conditions, no training space, no exhortation, don't know how to practice ...
Keywords: Physical characteristics, non-physical training, urban areas, Vietnam. ^«^- -jmd BAT VAN flE k^ va phuong phap dieu tra xa hoi hpc. Phdng Nhiem vy quan trpng bdng ddu cua viec phat vdn gian tilp blng phi^u hdi ddi vdi 3455 ngudi triln TDTT qudn chiing da duoc Nghi quylt ddn dupe lua chpn tu 6 loai hinh do thi cua Viet 08/NQ - TW ciia Bd chinh tr; Trung uong Dang Nam Iren pham vi ca nude.
Cdng sdn Viet Nam chi ro Id "van ddng va thu KET QUA NGHIEN CUfU VA BAN LUAN hiit ddng dao nhan ddn tham gia tap luyen Ddi tuong dieu tra dupe phan thdnh 3 loai:
TDTT....". Mudn thu hut ddng dao qudn chiing "khdng tap luyen TDTT", "cd tap luyen TDTT nhan dan tdp luyen TDTT thi ben canh ddi nhung khong thudng xuyen" va "thudng xuyen tuang da tham gia tap luyen, chiing ta cdn can tap luyen TDTT"
phai quan tdm den ddi tuong chua/ khdng tap Ket qua dieu tra cho thdy: 35.48% ngudi ddn luyen TDTT. Bdi viet nay eua chiing tdi di sau khu vyc thanh thi khdng tham gia tap luyen phan tich dac d i i m eiia ddi tuang chua/khdng TDTT, 31.72% cd tap luyen nhung khdng tham gia t^p luyen TDTT d khu vyc thanh thi thudng xuyen, 32.79% dat tieu chudn tap luyen d l tii dd d l xuat nhung gidi phdp phii hpp. TDTT thudng xuyen.
PHlfUNG PHAP NGHIEN CtfU Tir kit qua phdn nhdm d l tdi tiln hdnh phan D I tai chu yeu su dyng phuang phap phan tich tich dac diem ddi tupfng khdng tham gia tren cae vd tdng hop tdi lieu, phuong phap todn hpc thdng ni^t- S&c diem nhan khau hpc, nhdn thiie ve tam
*TS, Tru'dng Dgi hpc TDTT Bac Ninh; Email: [email protected]
BAI BAO KHOA HOC
quan trpng cua tap luyen TDTT va nguyen nhdn khdng tham gia tap luyen.
Ve dac diem nhan khau hpe, chiing tdi khao sdt chi tiet ve dac diem gidi tinh, dp tudi va nghe nghiep ciia ddi tupmg khao sat.
1. Dac diem nhan khau hpc
Dgc diem gi&i tinh: Ket qud dieu tra cho thay ed den 63.38% tdng sd ngudi khdng tap luyen TDTT la nii. Ban ludn ve van de ndy cho thdy
rat nhieu trdch nhiem gia dinh nhu ndi trp, cham sde eon cai.... Day la vdn dl can dupe nhieu ban ngdnh chii y, luu tam giai quylt dl tao dieu ki$n cho phai nu dupe tham gia tap luyen TDTT nhieu hon.
Dgc diem do tuoi: trong sd nhung ngudi khdng tap luyen TDTT, dp tudi 22 - 45 chiem ti le cao nhdt (46.25%), rilp din la dp tudi >75 tudi (23.74%). Dp tudi 22 - 45 la quang thdi phy nii cdn gap nhieu trd ngai trong viec tham gian phdn ddu chu yeu ciia con ngudi ca ve gia gia tap luyen TDTT. Ngoai nhiem vy xa hpi dinh vd cdng viee xa hdi. Trong dp tudi nay, dp trong gid lam viec, phy nii cdn phai ganh vac luc gia dinh - con cdi, thang tien trong cdng viec
Bang 1. Ket qua khao sat dgc diem chung cua d6i tu'O'ng khdng tap luyen TDTT khu virc thanh thi (n = 1226)
Dac diem Giai tinh
Do tuoi
Nglie ngiiiep
Dac fliem cac floi tirgTig Nam
Nir
< 22 tuoi 22 - 45 tuSi 46 - 60 tuoi 61 - 7 5 tuoi
> 75 tuoi Da nglii Iimi Can bp, vien cliuc, giao vien...
Buon ban, liinh doanh (tu do...) Cong nhSn, nong dan, lao dgng gian dtfn
Cac nghe khac KJiong CO viec lam
m i 449 777 51 567 183 134 291 89 129 167 625 121 95
Ty If % 36.62 63.38 4.16 46.25 14.92 10.93 23.74 7.26 10.52 13.62 50.98 9.87 7.75
Khong tgp luyen
Cd f^ 3 luy^n nhung khong thudng xuyen Bieu do 1. Thyc trang tap luyen TDTT cua ngu'd'i dan khu v y c th^nh thj
»A0 TAO VA HUAN LUYBUTHE THAO - 8 0 4 / 2 0 1 9
• •-. it cho phep con ngudi ta danh thdi gian vd tdm lye cho boat ddng tap luyen TDTT. Day Id van de can cd giai phap khde phyc. Viec de diit doan thdi quen vd niim yeu thich tap luyen TDTT ed dupe trong quang thdi gian ngoi tren ghe nha trudng la mot dilu rdt ddng tiec. Ddi vdi ddi tupng nay cd thi sii dung cdc hinh thiic TDTT giiia gid lam viee, TDTT gia dinh de thu hiit vd tao ca hpi cho hp tham gia ho^t ddng TDTT.
Ddi tupng khdng tham gia tap luyen TDTT nhieu thii 2 Id ddi tuong ngudi gia tren 75 tudi.
d Ilia tudi ndy, nhieu van de ve siic khde khiln Bang 2: Ket qua khdc sat ve mCfc do
ngudi ta cdm thdy bat tien khi tham gia hoat dpng TDTT. Ddi vdi ddi tupng nay lai edn cd nhiing quan tam dac biet de ngudi gia cd thi thay thuan tien han khi muon tap luyen TDTT.
Dgc diem nghe nghiep: Ket qua dieu tra ve nghe nghiep cho thay: nhirng nghe cd nhieu lao dpng khdng tap luyen TDTT nhat la "cdng nhan, ndng dan, lao ddng gian don". Dieu nay cung dl hieu bdi cude sdng ban rdn, gdnh nang muu sinh ehua cho phep hp nghi den nhiing boat dpng giai tri, thu gian. Day Id ddi tugng cdn dupe sy quan tdm dac biet cua cac cap, cac nganh.
coi trpng viec tap luyen TDTT (n=1226) Mli'c d$ coi trong
Rat coi trgng Coi trpng
Khong coi trpng hoac khong quan tam
nii
148 407 671
%
12.07 33.2 54.73 2. Dac diem ve nhan thu>c ve tam quan
trgng cua viec tap luyen TDTT
Ket qua dieu tra cho thay: Cd den 45.27%
ngudi khdng tham gia tap luyen TDTT vdn y thiic dugc vai trd quan trpng eua TDTT, "rat coi trpng" hoac "coi trpng" viec tap luyen TDTT, song do nhieu nguyen nhdn khac nhau ma khdng tham gia tap luyen TDTT. Tuy nhien ben canh do, vdn cdn cd den 54.73% ngudi dan khdng tap luyen TDTT "khdng coi trpng hoac khdng quan tam" den boat dpng tap luyen TDTT. Sd ngudi dan chua nhdn thiic dugc Igi ich vd vai trd ciia viec tap luyen TDTT ndy chilm ti le 19.42% trong tdng sd 3455 ngudi dan dugc di§u tra. Day la con so khdng he nhd.
Rd rdng, cac nha qudn ly phai quan tam hon niia Bang 3. Kit qua khao sat ve nguydn
(co the chon
den cdng tdc tuyen truyen ve Igi ich, tdc dyng cua viee tap luyen TDTT de lam thay ddi nhdn thiie cua ngudi dan.
3. Nguyen nhan khong tap luyen TDTT Ket qua dieu tra cho thay: Nguyen nhan bdng dau khien cho ngudi dan khu vuc thanh thi khdng tham gia tap luyen TDTT lan lugt la:
Khdng cd thdi gian, khdng thich, khdng ed dieu kien kinh te, khdng cd dia diem tap luyen, khdng cd ngudi Idi keo dan dat, khdng biet phuang phap tap... De khac phuc nhiing nguyen nhdn ndy ddi hdi sy vdo cupc ciia nhieu cap nhieu ngdnh, phdi cd cd cac chinh sach vT md va vi md. Ngoai tni hai nguyen nhan la "khdng ed thdi gian" va "khdng dii dieu kien kinh tl" cdn cd sy cdi thien, ndng cao ciia tdng the trinh do nhan khong tap luyen TDTT (n=1226) nhieu dap an)
C^c nguyen nh§n Khong CO thai gian
Khong thich
Khong du dieu kien kinh te
Khong CO dia diem tap, di lai khong tien Khong CO nguoi loi keo, dan dat
Khong bik phuang phap tap, khong co ngiroi huong dan Cac nguyen nhan khac
m i
741 671 563 441 382 327 235
%
60.44 54.73 45.92 35.97 31.16 26.67 19.17
Thii tir 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
BAI BAO KHOA HOC
Mac dii nhilu cong vien, vud'n hoa tai cac thanh phd lo'n da dup'c trang bj cac phu'o'ng tien tap luyen cong cong nhung nhieu nguo'i dan van chira tham gia tap luyen TDTT, chua coi
TDTT la phu'o'ng tien ren luyen sue khoe kinh te - xa hpi thi cac co quan qudn ly TDTT va chinh quyen cap co sd cd the chung tay giai quyet dugc cdc nguyen nhdn cdn lai. Tang cudng cdng tae tuyen truyen van ddng tren cac phuang tien thdng tin dai chiing ve Ipi ich, tac dyng ciia viec tap luyen TDTT cd the gidi quyet mpt phdn ndo do nguyen nhdn "khdng thich".
Tang cudng vai tro khdi xudng, phat dpng cua chinh quyen co sd va cac td chiic xa hpi tren dia ban c6 the giai quyet dugc nguyen nhdn "khdng cd ngudi Idi keo ddn dat". Tang cudng sd lugng hudng dan vien, cpng tac vien TDTT cd the gidi quyet dugc nguyen nhdn "khdng biet phuang phap tap luyen, khdng cd ngudi hudng ddn".
Tang cudng cdc khdng gian cdng cdng, cdc diem tap luyen TDTT thu phi vd mien phi (dac biet la mien phi) se gidi quyet dugc nguyen nhdn
"khdng cd dia diem tap, di lai khong tien".
KEllUAN
63.38% ngudi khdng tap luyen TDTT d khu vyc thanh thi Id nii, tap trung ddng nhdt d dp tudi 22 - 45 (46.25%), chii yeu den tii cac nghi
"cdng nhdn, ndng ddn, lao dpng gian don".
54.73% ngudi khdng tap luyen TDTT d khu vyc thanh thi "khdng coi trpng hoac khdng quan tam" den tap luyen TDTT. Tuy nhien, van cd den 45.27% ngudi mac du khdng tap luyen TDTT nhung vdn y thiic dupe vai trd quan trpng
ciia TDTT.
Cac nguyen nhan khien ngudi ddn khu vyc thanh thi khdng tap luyen TDTT chu yeu s? Id: Khdng cd thdi gian, khdng thich, khdng dii dieu kien kinh '^ -j te, khdng ed dia diem tap luy?n,
* khdng cd ngudi Idi keo dan dat, khdng biet phuang phap tap ....
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. Ban Chap hanh Trung uong Ddng, Nghi quyet so 08- NQ/TW ngdy 01/12/2011 ve
"tdng cuong su lanh dgo cua Ddng, tgo buoc phdt trien mgnh me cua su nghiep the due, the thao den nam 2020".
2. Thu tudng Chinh phu (2010), Quyit dinh so 2198/QD-TTG ngdy 3/12/2010 Ve viec "phe duyet Chien luac phdt trien the due, the thao Viet Nam den nam 2020 ".
3. Uy ban Thudng vy Qudc hdi, Nghi quyet so 1210/2016/UBTVQHl3 vephdn loai do thi.
4. Hoang Cdng Dan va cdng su (2017), Ly lugn vd phuang phdp TDTT qudn chung, Nxb TDTT, Ha Ndi.
(Qin Chunlin, Qudn ly TDTT qudn chung Trung Quoc, Bdc Kinh, Nxb TDTT Nhan ddn, 2006).
%.itMi^'^±^i^m±,l99Bm2M :7 -18^
(Yuan Dan, Co so li ludn cua TDTT qudn chung, Nghien cim dieu tra hien trgng TDTT qudn chung Trung Quoc, Nxb Dai hpc TDTT Bac Kinh, 1998).
(Bai nop ngdy 13/5/2019, Phan bi§n ngay 29/5/2019. duyet in ngay 26/9/2019)
