Ki^u Qu6c Lap va Dig Tgp chl KHOA HQC & CONG NGH$ 93(05): 29-33
I T N G D U N G CIS TRONG DANH GlA MlfC DQ THICH NGHI SINH THAI CUA CAY THAO QUA V 6 l CAC DIEU KIEN SINH KHI HAU TINH LAO CAI
Ki^u Qu6c L3p, D§ Thj Vkn Huong' Trudng Dai hoc Khoa hoc - DH Thdi Nguyen
TOM TAT
H§ thdng thong tin dja li (GIS) cd nhiSu iing dyng trong cdc ITnh vyc nghien ciiu ddnh gid co bin, Bdi bdo gidi thi^u iing dyng cdng ngh^ GIS nhu 1^ m^t cdng cy de ddnh gid mirc dd thich nghi sinh thai cCia cdy Thdo qud vdi cdc di^u kl^n khi h§u ndi chung vd sinh khf h$u ndi rieng. Nghian cim dupc thuc hi^n tgi tinh Ldo Cai - mpt tinh mi^n niii phia Bdc c6 dieu ki|n khi hau rat da dang.
Budc dSu kit qud nghifin ciiu dd chi ra miic d§ thich nghi ciia cdy Thdo qud rit khdc biet giiJa cdc khoanh vi sinh khi hgu. Dua vdo kSt qua ndy k^t hpp vdi cdc nghifin ciiu ddnh gid tong hgp khdc dS dinh hudng quy hoach cay trong phii hpp.
Tir khda: GIS. sinh khi hgu, ddnh gid thich nghi. cdy Thdo qud.
DAT VAN DE
Ngiy nay chung ta dang chiing kien sy phit trien mgnh me cimg vdi nhirng irng dung to ldn cua cdng nghe thdng tin. He thdng thdng tin dja li (GIS) la mot nhinh cua cdng nghe thdng tin nham thu thap, luu tru, the hien vi chuyen ddi cac dH li^u mang tinh chat khdng gian tu the gidi thyc de giii quyet cic bai toan iing dung phuc vu cho cic myc dich cu the. GIS cdn la cdng cu de danh gia, nghien ciiu, phan tich va md phdng cac dii Heu khong gian.
Lao Cai la tinh midn mii phia Bic cua Viet Nam cd di^u kien tu nhien va tii nguyen thien nhien rat dgc sac. Tii nguyen khi hau da dgng, cd sy phan hoa ro ret. Day chinh la dieu (kien thugn lgi de phat trien da dang cac logi cay trong tir cay trdng nhiet ddi, cdn nhi?t ddn cay trdng dn ddi. NhQng nam gin day theo i4inh hudng chi dgo chuyen djch co cau cay (trong vgt nudi, tinh Lao Cai dac biet chu y i'3en nhiing cay trdng mgng Igi hi?u qua kinh lg cao, bdn viing vdi mdi trudng ty nhien.
'Thao qua la cay dugc lieu va huong lieu rit '''•.d gia trj, dang dugc tinh dac biet quan tam tinh hudng md rpng dien tich. Trong bii bao ldy, chung tdi trinh bay ket qua nghien ciiu 'ng dyng cdng ngh$ GIS nhu la mpt phuang hap chii dgo d8 dinh gia mdc dp thich nghi lia cac dieu kien sJnh khi hgu anh hudng den ui trinh sinh trudng va phat tridn ciia cay
Tel: 0917 758595. EmaiL [email protected]
Thio qui. Ket qud nghien ciru la co sd khoa hpc de dl xuit cic giai phdp quy hogch, md rdng dien tich trdng cay.
PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CLTU Trong qua trinh nghien cu:u chimg tdi su dung mpt sd phuong phip sau:
- Phirffng phdp tiep can kieu Boolean: Khi dinh gii thich nghi sinh thai cay Thao qui chung tdi tien hdnh chia nhung viing ra lam 2 nhdm: thich nghi va khdng thich nghi. Trong trudng hgp niy, cic tieu chuin tham gia danh gia deu chuyen ve gidi hgn Boolean, cic tieu chuan (cic Idp thdng tin) dugc chdng xep de nhan dang nhung vimg thda man tat ca cac gidi han.
- Phirffng phdp phan tich thd bac: Cac yeu td sinh khi hgu (SKH) cd miic dp inh hudng khac nhau den su sinh trudng phat trien cua cay Thao qui. Trong qui trinh lya chpn tieu chuan danh gia, phuang phdp phan tich thii bic (AHP) dugc ap dung de gan cac trpng sd W| cho cic tieu chuin. Cic tieu chuan dugc phan logi theo thang didm chudn dg cd thi so sanh dugc vdi nhau.
Phirffng phdp chong l&p (Overlay): Day dugc coi la phuang phap ddng thdi ciing la cdng cu quan trpng trong img dung cdng nghe GIS. Ban dd Sinh khi hau va bin dd danh gii la ket qua cua viec chdng xep cac Idp ban do va cic gii trj thanh phan.
- Phuffngphdp ddnh gid da tiiu chudn: Ban do dinh gii thich nghi cua cay Thio qua ddi 29
Kilu Qu6c L9p vd Dtg Tgp chi KHOA HOC & C 6 N G N G H $ 93(05. -•^-33 vdi cac dilu ki?n SKH dugc xay dyng theo kT
thugt MCE (Multi Criteria Evaluation) tren nen GIS. Day Id kT thugt ddnh gid da lieu chuan dya tren cdc chi ticu SKH dnh hudng den cay trong.
KET QUA NGHIEN CUD
Chi tiiu thich nghi .sinh thdi cua cdy Thdo qud vdi cdc dieu ki^n khi hdu
Thao qud la cay thudng xanh quanh ndm, d^c bi^t ua bdng vd ua am. Dieu ki$n sinh thdi quan trpng nhat li phdi trong dudi tdn rirng, d dp cao tir 1600 - 2200m. noi thudng xuyen cd may mil, am udt vd nhi?t dp trung blnh nSm khd thap. Dieu kiijn khi hgu inh hudng den cay Thio qua dugc nhilu tic gia nghien cuu.
Tren co sd phan tich tdng hgp, chiing tdi dd dua ra cic ngudng sinh thai thi'ch nghi ciia dieu ki?n khi hgu doi vdi ciy Thio qud (Bdngl). Diy cung dugc coi la ngudng sinh thdi chuan de lya chgn chi tieu danh gia tren GIS.
Thdnh lap bdn do ddnh gid dua tren cong nghe GIS
Dya vao he thdng chi tieu khi hgu va cic so li^u phin tich chung tdi tien hanh xay dyng cic bin dd thanh phan tren nen GIS (U'ng dung phan mim Mapinfo). Cac ban dd thanh phan bao gdm: Bin dd nhiet dp, ban dd lugng mua, ban do dp dii miia lanh, bin do dp dii miia khd. Sau dd tien hanh thanh lap ban dd ddnh gii cic miic dp thich nghi ciia cay Thao qui vdi dieu ki?n SKH tinh Lao Cai. Ban dd danh gid dugc thyc hi^nqua3 budc sau:
- Birdc J; Tien hinh chdng xep cic ban dd thanh phan cho ra ket qua ban do sinh khi hgu.
Toin tinh cd 12 logi SKH, vdi 31 khoanh vi SKH rieng bi^t, cd ranh gidi khep kin. Trong do, loai sinh khi hgu IlC2a chiem dien tich ldn nhat, logi sinh khi hau IIIC3a cd s6 lan l|p Igi nhieu nhat (6 lan).
- Budc 2: Xay dyng cdng thdc danh gii. Dd dinh gid tdng hgp mirc dp thich nghi doi vdi dieu kien khi hgu, chiing tdi tiln hanh xay dyng cdng thiic danh gid cac mdc dg thich nghi nhu sau:
5 = ^ ( W ( X ^ / ) X ^ Ci
Trong do: + S !a cac mirc dg thich nghi SKH doi vdi cay Thao qui (S| rat thich nghi, S;
tuong doi thich nghi, S.i it thich nghi, N khdng thich nghi).
+ W| Id trpng so ciia cdc ylu to sinh khi hau (nhi^t dp trung binh ndm, lugng mua trung hinh ndm, dp dii miia Ignh, dg dii miia khd).
+ X, li dicm ciia cdc yeu to tham gia ddnh gia.
+ Cj li gia trj Boolean cda c^c yeu to hgn che (so ngiy cd suong muoi, so ngay cd gid khd ndng, dg doc dja hinh)
- Bu&c 3: Nhgp dir li?u dinh gid. Cic dii llfu dinh gia chinh la cic ngudng chi tieu thich nghi doi vdi cac dilu ki^n khi hgu ciia cay Thio qui. Mdi chi tieu danh gii dugc coi nhu la mgt Idp thdng tin ban do. Nhd vao chiic ndng phan tich danh gia, sau khi nhap dii li^u GIS s6 cho ra ket qui tren ban do dinh gia phan viing thich nghi ciia cay Thio qui.
Ket qud ddnh gid cdc muc dp thich nghi Ket qua dinh gia cy the dugc the hi^n trong bing 2 vi ban do danh gia thich nghi (Hinh 3).
- Viing rdt thich nghi (Si): vdi tdng di?n tich 61.328ha, chiem 9,64% di?n tich ty nhien toan tinh. Vimg niy chu ylu tap trung tgi huy?n Bit Xat (20.076ha); huy?n Sa Pa (19.759ha); huy?n Bdc Ha (I3.574ha).
- Viing tirang doi thich nghi (S^): day la vung cd di?n tich khi Idn, gan I63.033ha, chiem 25,63% di^n tich ty nhien toan tinh. Vung nay tgp trung nhieu nhit tgi huyen Vdn Ban (38.396ha ; huy^n Sa Pa (25.892ha; huyfn Bdc Hi (20.362ha).
- Viing it thich nghi (Sj): day la viing cd dien tich Idn nhit, vdi tren 226.906ha, chiim 35,68% di?n tich ty nhien cua tinh. Hgn che Idn nhat d viing nay ddi vdi cay Thao qui la lugng mua trung binh ndm kha thap, nhi?t dp trung binh ndm lgi kha cao hogc miia lanh qui dii, thudng xuyen cd suong muoi, phan bo n-en dinh ddy Hoang Lien Son d do cao tren 2600m va dii chan nui cao tir 300 din 1000m.
Khu vyc phia thugng nguon luu vyc sdng Chay cung dugc danh gia li it thich nghi d6i vdi thao qua.
Kilu Quoc L$p vd Big Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGH$ 93(05): 29 - 33
Bdng
Hinh 1: Sa do phuong phdp nghien cuu 1: Bdng Ihich nghi sinh thai cua dieu kien khi hdu doi vdi cdy Thdo qud
Dieu kien khi hau
Nhiet dp trung binh
ndm
Lugng mua trung binh
ndm
Dp ddi mua lanh
Dp dai miia khd
Ki hiSu
I II III IV V A B C 1 2 3 4 a b c
Gid tri
> 2 2 1 8 - 2 2 1 2 - 1 8 1 0 - 1 2
< 1 0
> 2 5 0 0 2000 - 2500
< 2 0 0 0
< 3 3 - 5 5 - 7
> 7
<3 3 - ^
>5
Don vi
"c
mm/
ndm
s6
thang lanh
Sd thdng
kho
Giai thich
Nong am - mdt Hoi lanh Lanh Rdt lanh
Nhilu Hoi nhilu Trung binh NgSn Trung blnh
Dai Rat dai
Ngdn Trung blnh
Ddi Rdt thich nghi
SI
+
+
+
+
Cap thich nghi Tuang
doi thich nghi S2
-1^
+
+
+
+ Khong
thich nghi
N +
-F
-1- +
+
+ (Nguon; long hgp [2]. [6])
Ki^u Quoc U p va Dig Tap chl KHOA I l g c & CONG N G H f
Bfing 2: Kel qud danh gill time tlQ thich nghi cdy Thda {/ltd ifiii vfyi ilicii tiiijn khi hau liiiii I (ha) Huygn, Ihftnh ph6
TP L4o Cai BSl XJl Bfio Thang
SnPa v a n Ban BJo YSn M u ^ g Khuang
Bac Ha SI Ma Cai T/illg: 636.076
100%
0 20.077
0 19,759 5.688 825
0 13.574
1 404 61.32S 9,64 (Nguon. Tac git.
r ' X
4i ^ t M
1rrr" i
""" X .
^ •
V- V"
, /\_.J"
- - , • > •
"" ' ^ N ^ ' ' '
7,- V-
....^T
^-x.-'
--v
4-,
Hinh 2: Sdn do sinh khi hdu linh Ldo Cai
v r : ' •
-'--,
s . - ,; c -^
Hinh 3: Bdn eta ddnh gid ede mite dg thich nghi - Viing khong thich nghi (N): Viing nay chiem k h o a n g 184.807ha, thupc cac xa viing t h i p cua huyen B a o T h a n g , B a o Yen, Bat Xat va thanh pho L a o C a i .
32
4 585 23,247 4.081 25.892 IS 19f, 19 791.
I(,(il2 3II.3(>2 ll).(K,3 163.0.13 23.63
^ J _ 6419 45.437 10.882 22.485 68.258 2.474 33 226 25.791 11.935 226.906 35.6H
11.921 16 906 53.047
0 29 863 59.387 5.538 8 145
II /S4.II07
29,05 'iig liirp tri'n Ihin dii ddnh gid cdc mirc da thieh ngk
Nlur vay. Lad Cai la linh kha thuan l(;i d Irung ciiy I h a o qu<a. Di?n tich viing rat thicl iiizlii va l u o n g doi thich nghi doi vcri cay Tha, ijiia la 124.361 ha, c h i e m tren 3 5 % dien tich n nhicn loan tinh. V a i dien tich T h a o qua thin lc hien CO la 5 2 7 5 h a ( n a m 2 0 1 0 ) thi kha nani m a r a n g dicn tich la rat Ion. C a c huyen Ba Xal. Sa Pa, Van B.in \ a Bac Ha co Ihe mc rong ilien llch. phai Irion tap trung. hinli ihajll
\ I'liig cliii_\cn canh ca> T h a o qua.
llinh 4: Mite d(> tliich nghi Thdo tjiid theocik liiiycn thit(ic Ldo Cat KKT L U A N , KIEN N G H I Viel N a m lii mpt q u o c ngu>en thien nhien k h a dang. Tuy nhien c a c coi diinh gia tai n g u y e n thic nhieu han c h e . Dinh hu tho con nhieu bill c a p d.
h o p II nguon tiii nguyen I ben vimg Irong ph.at trien
C'a CO nguon I*
long phii va i rinh nghien cii cn ban dau c«
uy hoach li*
sir dung cll^' on, thieu lit
Kigu Qudc L4p va Big T^p chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGH$ 93(05): 29 - 33
Ket q u a nghien c u u cho thay u n g d u n g cong ngh? GIS trong d a n h gia thich nghi S K H doi vdi cay trdng la rdt kha quan. Tac gia da xay d y n g thanh c d n g ban dd d a n h gia S K H va chi ra nhiing viing thich nghi, hodc khong thich nghi rat ro rang. Q u a d o cd the giup nhung nha quan li, nha q u y hoach, ba con nong ddn cd nhirng djnh h u d n g ban ddu de d u a ra nhirng quy^t djnh phat t r i i n cay thdo qua h g p ly, dem lai hi6u q u a kinh te cao.
Tuy nhien, day m d i chi la nghien c d u ban ddu, danh gid mgt thanh phan t u nhien (thanh phSn khi hau) cho phat trien cay Thdo qua.
T r o n g nhiing h u d n g nghien curu tiep theo can tien hanh danh gia theo h u d n g tdng h g p cac yeu to t u nhien anh h u d n g den khd nang sinh t r u d n g va phat trien cCia cay thdo qua, nghien c u u tren nhieu dia p h u o n g k h a c nhau, t^o CO s d k h o a hpc c h o p h a t trien ben virng cay t h a o q u a v u n g t r u n g d u mien nui D d n g Bdc i Viet N a m .
TAI L i e u T H A M K H A O [1]. AronofF. Geographic Information System - A management perspective. WDL Publiccation Ottawa, Canada, 2005.
[2], D6 Huy Bich. Cdy thudc vd dgng vgl ldm thudc d Vi^t Nam, tdp II. Nxb Khoa hgc vd KJ thu§t,Hd Ngi 2006,
[3]. Climate and Agriculture in China - China Meleorolocal Press. Beijing, China, 1993.
[4]. Malczewski, J.,1999. GIS and Mullicrileria decision Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, New York. Yong Liu et al., 2007. An integraled GIS- based analysis system for land - use management of lake in urban fringe, Landscape and Urban Planning, 82, pp. 233-246.
[5]. Thomas L. Saaty. Decision making with the anylylic hierarchy process. Int. J. Services Sciences, Vol. I, N o i , 2008.
[6]. Nguyin Khanh Van. Gido trinh casasinh khi hgu. Nxb Dai hpc Su pham, Hd Npi 2006.
[7]. Vien Khoa hgc KT thudt lam nghiep mien niii phia Bdc. De dn thu nghiem mgt s6 cdy duac lieu lgi Ldo Cai. Sa Pa 2006.
S U M M A R Y
A P P L I C A T I O N O F G I S I N A S S E S S M E N T T H E E C O L O G I C A L A D A P T A T I O N O F A M O M U M A R M A T I C U M I N B I O - C L I M A T I C C O N D I T I O N S
O F L A O C A I P R O V I N C E
Kieu Quoc Lap, Do Thi Van Huong College ofSciense - TNU
Geographic Information System (GIS) has many applications in the areas of basic research evaluation. The paper introduces the application of GIS technology as a tool for assessing the ecological adaptation of Amomum Anmaticum in bioclimatic conditions. The research is carried out in Lao Cai province - a mountainous province in the north of Vietnam. The initial research results show the differences of the adaptability of Amomum Armaticum in different bioclimatic zones. The combinadon of the obtained results with general differnent assessments and evaluations is convenient for the orientation and planning of suitable crops.
Key words: GIS, bioclimatic, assessing the ecological adaptation. Amomum Armaticum
dy ray ray nhdn bdi: 12/4/2012, ngdy phdn bien; 28/5/2012. ngdy duyel ddng: 12/6/2012
si. Osl. Okl. 0917 758595. Email [email protected]