. QUY HOACH - KliN TRUC CANH QUAN • BAO TON Dl SAN CAU TRONG DO THI
K I E N T R U C C A U T R O N G B O T H ! Dl S A N - H U ^
TRAN DINH H l i u , V 6 TUAN ANH, N G U Y I N VU MINH
H6i K i l n TrCic Sd - TtiC/a Thidn Hu^
:.T "Da thua xu-Hui bay gia "' M
; '^--' Van con mii Ngu- bin ba song Huong". «
\f-' (Bill Gidng)
T6ra Tit: [^ai cau Iho mang hinh anh dd thj b^t di bit djch tCf ngdn xi/a cho d^n ngdn Qd\ sau. DO van vSt cd thay ddi thi mac nhien 06 thi Hu^ van tit^, vln M hien mflt n6t dSc trifng rieng, vSn d^y chit triJ tinh va sau ling.
C d dd Hul trai qua nhilu biln d Ijch sd, mang trdn mlnh b l ddy van hda dly gid trj, vd noi ddy dupc xem Id manh dit - "bdi tho dd ttij" Id (Sim giao thoa nhilu nIn van hda khdc nhau. Cung vl le dd, dd thj Hul phdt triln hit sde da dang, phong phu vd mang hinh thdi ridng.
Chung trong ddng chdy cua su phdt triln, dd thj Hul dang chuyin mlnh thay d6l, de hudng din dd thj cd qui md d tdm cip qudc gia, khu vge vd Id dd thj hidn dgi. Od thj hda dang diln ra trdn didn rdng d l ddp dng cdc nhu ciu phdt trien tit ylu. Nhiing nhjp clu lai nil bin bd vui, nhOng bin bd nhu dupc gan nhau hon.
c l u khdng nhdng Id cdng trlnh giao thdng don thuin md cdn ddng gdp vdo vide tao dung cdnh quan dd thj, xa hon cdn Id bilu tupng cua mdt thdnh phd.
Xult phat td nhdng vai trd vd tlm quan trpng cua hp thing Cdu trong vide quy hoach phat triln dd thj, vl vay can phdi cd nhOng danh gid, nhin nhdn va djnh hudng todn didn vd hd thdng kiln tnic Cdu trong dd thj se giijp cho thdrih phd chdng nhOng phdt trien tfch ege md cdn gdp phln vdo tao dung mOt didn mao kiln trtic c l u phu hpp vdi kiln tnic cdnh quan dd thj vd ddc bi^t hon Id canh quan ciia mpt dd thj di sdn - Hud.
1. Ljch Sl?, vai trd vd gid tri kien true Clu trong dd thj dl san - Hue
1.1. Ljch Sl} hinh thinh kien true Cau gin lien vdi he thdng thuy dao
Hinh 1.1. Bd thiHu^ qua cac thdiky (ngudn: tic gii).
1.1.1. Sifhinh thinh hi thing ffiuy dao trong Kinh thinh
Kinh thanh Hul dupe hlnh thdnh dua trdn ede nguyen tic cua phong thuy. Theo phong thiiy, tuy theo dja cue vd ^ a thl md diing Thuy trong thidn nhidn hoac Thuy do nhdn tgo d l tg Cdt khf tao si/ tdt Idnh hoac ngdn can Hung khi gay tai hai. Do dd, hd thdng thuy dao Kinh thdnh Hul mdt phln cd sin tp nhien vd
phln edn lai do nhdn tao.
1.1.2. Sir hinh thinh he thing kien true ciu thdi Nguyin tai Kinh thanh HuS
+ Cic ciu thdi Nguyin trin cic sdng ho thinh hi
Kinh thinh HueKhdng phai dja ban Kinh thdnh bj hodn todn co lap nhu mdt I c ddo giOa bin bk sdng nude. Cdc nhd kiln tnie diu thl ky XIX da thilt l^p mdt loat d u bic qua Hd thdnh Hd, eg t h l Id d ba doan td, hull vd hdu ciJa nd, de tao thdnh nhdng tuyln giao thdng bdng du6ng bd gid Kinh thdnh va xdm lang ven dd. Cdc clu biy gid diu dupe Idm bdng gd: d mat ta (sdng Ddng Ba) cd clu An Hdi, d u Ddng Ba, d u Thanh Tudc; &m$t hiju (song Ke Van) cd clu Bach H6, cdu Bach Yin; I) mdt h^u (sdng Ddo) ed d u Huyin Yin, elu Huy^n Hac, d u Xuan Thuy.
+ Cic cau thU Nguyin trin he thong hio h0 thiinh ling vdi 11 eda dudng bd vdo Kinh thanh, tr§n hi thing hdo diu cd d u bdc qua gdn lidn vdi cdc cOa thdnh. Tdn d u dupc lly td tdn cdc cda tuong ling, Dilu ndy dupe ghi ehdp trong Dai Nam nhdt thln^ chl, tdp 1, quyln Kinh su: "Cdc eda thdnh ddu bdc clu Hi qua hdo" (Hlnh 1.2 vd 1.3).
r^ccaulhdtNguySn trirtsdng'Ngt/Hi'
Qudc SCr Qudn trilu Nguydn trong sdch Dai Nam nhit thing chf ghi: Trong thdnh ddo sdng gpi Id Ng^
Hd, xdy 3 d u dd qua sdng, Id dudng cdi cua D6ng
NGUdl XAY DUNG s 6 THANG 9 & 10 - 2015 |• QUY HOACH • KIJM TRUC CANH QUAN - BAO T 6 N Dl SAN CAU TRONG o6 THj
nam ddn ciia Chinh bdc gpi I d d u N g u h d , t d p h i a bdc hodng thanh d i n phfa ta cung Khdnh Ninh gpi Id d u Khdnh Ninh, t d dudng cai ciia Chinh Nam ddn ciia Tdy Bdc gpi Id d u VTnh Loi; hai d u gd: t d phfa tay trudc eda Kinh tliuong d i n phfa nam rudng Tich D i l n gpi Id d u B a c T d , t d c o n dudng phia hdu hodng thdnh ddn phfa t d cung Bdo Djnh gpi Id d u Binh. Mdt thdnh, v l phfa ddng va phfa tdy xay hai cCia d n g gpi Id Ddng thdnh Ttiuy quan va Tay thdnh Thuy quan. Lai d i u qudch v l phfa lay xay d u da gpi Id d u Hodng T d , d i u qudch v l phfa ddng b l e d u gd goi Id d u Hdm T l (Hinh 1.4).
C l u c l trong Kinh thdnh Id mpt loai k i l n tnic cdng c0ng t r u y i n thdng ddc dao, mang ve dep ridng trong cdc loai hinh k i l n tnie cd mat d trong Kinh thdnh H u l , nhu Cung didn, Dinh, Ddn, Chiia, Nhd d . . . Nd gdp p h l n tao nen bdc tranh d d thi co kfnh cua Kinh thdnh H u l .
Hinti 1.4; W tri Cau thdi Nguyin tai Idnh thinh HuS.
1.1.3. Sdng Huang va kien true Ciu phfa ngoii Kinh thinh
Sdng Huong bdt ngudn t d day Trudng Son, chay ddi hon 60 cay sd, qua n h i l u ritng niii vdi thdm thge vdt nhidt ddi da dang va nhan n h i l u ngudn nude t d nhiing con thae, r i i sau dd hpp luu tai ngd ba Bdng Lang thdnh mpt ddng sdng, gpi Id sdng Huong. T d dd, sdng xudi v l b i l n them 30km. Sdng Huong - Niii N g u Id b i l u tupng son thuy dupc n t i l c ddn khi ndi d i n Hud.
Sdng Huong, doan chay qua trung tdm thdnh phd cd 3 cdy d u chii dao, bao gdm d u Dd Vidn, d u Phii Xuan vd Cdu Trudng Tidn. Cac cdy d u niy dupc xay dgng qua cde thdi ky khdc nhau nhung d i u ed mdt d i l m ehung la dupc xdy dung vdo thdi ky can dai, chiing Id phuong tien ndi hai b d Nam vd Bdc dd thj H u l - mpt bdn Id dd thj kinh thdnh, mpt bdn td dd thj dupe xdy dung t d thdi phdp thudc.
" Cic du bac qua song Huang - Phia trudc Kinh thinh
+ c l u Trudng T i l n : Cdu Trudng T i l n ducte Idm bdng thdp theo hlnh thiic vdm vdi sdu nhjp. Id b i l u tupng qua n h i l u thdi ky Ijch s d cua ddt Cd D d , Id t d khi nd ra ddi vd dupc dua vao s d dung t d nam thd 11 (1899) cua vua Thdnh Thai. Mac dCj t d khi ra ddi cho d i n nay da hon mdt tram nam, vert b i l t bao doi thay cua Ijch sd, timg mang nhidu cai tdn khdc nhau nhu Thdnh Thdi, Clemenceau, Nguydn Hodng; tiing bi thidn tai cung n h u tx)m min c h i l n tranh phd sap. Cdu dupc ddnh gid Id cdng trinh c6 gid trj nghd ttiudt, hdi
tida vdi canh quan tfiidn nhien vd danh d i u mdl ttidf ky Ijch s d ciia viing ddt da dang v l van hda va di san k i l n tnic, dd tiij. Cdu m ^ g lai cho thanh phd H u l nipt hlnh dnh ddc trung dd la s u m i m m ^ , em d i m vd d y c h i t triJ tinh da di vao tho ca vd Idng ngudi (Kinh 1.5).
+ Cau Phii Xuan (cdu Mdi): So vdi cau TniOng T i l n , thudng khdng dupc n h i l u ngudi b i l t ddn, bdi s u ra ddi cua nd trong h o ^ canh c h i l n tranh nam 1970, c^ii y l u Id de giai q u y l t bdi todn luu ttidng, khi d u Trudng Tidn da sap trudc dd vao nam 1968 vd n l u c d ducte siia chQa xay dung lai eung khdng edn phCi hpp d l t}ao dam luu lupng F^uong tidn giao thdng ngdy cang ddng vd tdi trpng cdng Idn cd v l dan s u Idn quan sutrdn Qudc Ip 1A (trudC day, khi chua cd dudng trdnh thdnh phd H u l ) . Do Cdu dupc xdy dung trong hoan canh d i i l n tranh, giai q u y l t nhu cdu giao thdng di lai a3 trpng tdi Idn, edng vert rong nghe xdy dung cau ttidi b i y gid chua phat trien, nen t h i m my k i l n tnic d u khdng duoc coi trpng, hlnh ddng d u da khdng hdi hda vdi canh quan thidn nhidn xung quanh. VI viy, d u Phu Xuan da khdng tao dupc mdt d i u I n ndo v l mat thdm my tren ddng sdng Huong trO tinh ndi rieng va khu vge trung tdm thdnh phd ndi chung trong sudt hon 40 nam cho d i n ngay nay (Hlnh 1.6).
+ Cdu Da Vien hodn thanh nam 2012, ndm song song vdi d u dudng sdt, da dupc xdy dung t d nam 1908, d c qua sdng Huong vd d n Dd Vidn d phfa ttiupng ngudn, thudng gpi Id "HQu Bach Ho" cua kinh thdnh H u l . Mat d u rpng 24,5 m trong dd Idng d u 15 m va Idi di bd mdi bdn rdng 4,5 m. Cau va 6\ibng ddn ddi trdn 540 m vupt lien hjc qua d n Da Vien vd sdng Huong phia tren cao, khdng bj ngdt quang n h u d u dudng s i t t)dn canh. C l u cho phep luu thdng 4 Idn xe va cd he thdng lan can tiai ben t^io ngudi di tip. Tren d u ngodi he thdng c h i l u sdng my tiiuat, cdn cd 6 vpng lau tao diem n h l n , tao net dae trung ridng va Id noi de ngubi dan vd du khdch n g l m c ^ h sdng Huong (Hinh 1.7).
Hinh 1.6: CiuPhuXuan Hinh ^.T.OuDaViSn (ngudn: internet). (ngudn: internet).
' Thuy dao vi kiin true Ciu phfa Nam Song Hix/ng
Thdy dao Nam sdng Huong Id he thdng cdc sdng
N G U d l X A Y D U N G SO T H A N G 9 & 1 0 • 2 0 1 5
• QUY HOACH • KlfeN TRUC CANH QUAN - BAO TdN Dl S A N CAU TRONG DO m nhd - nhdnh cua sdng Huong. Dupe bit ddu td Ga
Hul chdy vd An cuu nen gpi Id sdng An Cuu. Mpt nhanh khac bdt ddu td Dap Da chay v l ThOy Thanh goi la sdng Nhu y.
Ljch sd kidn true elu Nam sdng Huong tap trung chii ylu tren sdng An Cuu, cd i l l cd tam cdy d u , d u gdn liln vdi do thj thl kj- XX - dd thj thdi Phdp thudc.
Trai qua thdi gian vd duoc triing tu cung nhu xay mdi, din nay tit cd diu dupe xdy dung bdng be tdng cot thep. Sdng An Cuu cd didn tich long sdng bd nen rit thuan tidn d l dua ra cae md hlnh d u ble qua ncrt ddy (Hlnh 1.8).
1.2. Vai tro cua cdng trinh c l u trong dd thj dl sdn - Hue
12.1. ciu dphfa trong Kinh thinh
H$ thing cdu thdi Nguydn ddng mdt vai trd rit quan trpng trong khdng gian kiln tnic cdnh quan Kinh thdnh. Vide kit hpp vdi cae cdng trinh kiln tnic tao nen m$t didn mao dd thj di san theo phong cdch dd thj phong kiln. Ben canh dd Cdu thdi Nguydn cdn cd cde chiic ndng:
+ Ddp dng nhu elu giao thdng dudng bd: giiip ngudi ddn vd phucfig tidn di lai trdn bd td khu vuc Kinh thanh tdi cdc Idng ven dd lan cdn, td thdnh npi din thdnh giai, giuia cdc khu vge bj chia cdt bdi sdng, hd vd mdt nude...
+ Dilu tilt tieu thodt nude trong Kinh thdnh. Tidu thodt nude lu vao mCja mua, gid nude d sdng Ngu Hd vd cdc ao hd d l phgc vu tudi tieu, san xult ndng vu.
+ Hd trp phdng thu cDng vdi hd thdng thdnh tri.
+ Tao cdnh quan, gdp phln tang thdm ve dep phong cdnh ciia cdc khu vuc trong Kinh thdnh Hul.
1.2.2. ciu dphia Nqoii Kinh thinh
Khdc vdi he thdng Cau d khu vuc Bdc sdng Huong, d u d khu vyc Nam sdng Huong cd chdc nang eo bdn nhu
+ Ddp dng nhu clu giao thdng dudng bd, giiip ngudi ddn vd phuong tien di lai thuan tidn gida eac khu dd thj mdi vd cu.
+ T90 cdnh quan, gdp phdn tang thdm ve dep hidn dai cho dd thj.
1.3. Nhi7ng gid trj dac trung ciia kien tnic Clu trong dd thj dl san - Hul
Ngodi gid In chfnh Id giao thdng, kit ndi cdc khdng gian trong dd thj, d u trong do thj di san - Hul, cdn cd nhiing gid trj dac tnjng ma ft Cdu trong dd thi khac ed dupe.
-I- Kiln tnic d u - Di sdn
Hd thing cdng trinh kiln tnic thdi Nguyin, bao gdm kinh thdnh, Idng tam. dupe UNESCO edng nhdn
Id di sdn van hda thd gidi. Nhu vdy cdc cau thdi Nguyin trong kinh thdnh eho din ngay nay Id dl s^
vln cdn dupc sd dgng de di lai nhu chiic nang chfnh vdn ed.
+ Kiln tnic d u - Van hda, Ijch sd
Trai qua bao biln d . Kiln tnic d u Hul da \k nhOng chdng tfch Ijch sd, mang trong mlnh nhung 'Irim tfch" van hda, gpi len mpt thdi ky hdo hiing diu tranh cCia dan tdc. Kiln tnic d u dd di vdo thd ca, nhac, hpa... Cd nhdng Cdu da trd thanh bilu tuong eua Hul.
+ Kiln tnic d u - Kiln tnic cdnh quan dd thj:
Hul dupc xem nhu Id "bdi thd" dd thj, sdng Huong la mdt bilu tupng, kiln tnic Clu phdi dupe xem nhu mdt thuc the ddng gdp vao cdnh quan ehung. 6 d6 mfii cay d u ngodi chiie nang giao thdng cdn giiip cho it thi dupc hodn thien, the hidn dupe cdc ludng van h ^ phCi hpp vd^ dilu kidn kinh t l , vdn hda vd ljch siJr. a i
Vdi su dan xen trdn nhidu ylu td gid trj, hd thdng c l u dd thj Hul Id nhjp ndi giCra khu dd thj c6 - khu iM thl cu - khu dd thj mdi. Vide dung hda trdn tit ed c^c mat ddi lap d l c i u trong dd thj di sdn - Hul tilp tgc khdng ^nh nhOng gid tri ndi tai ciia ban thdn vd b6n canh dd khdng ngCmg cd nhiing thay doi, phdt trien h$
nhap vdi su dt Idn ciia thdi dai- D l dd thj Hul luOT mang mpt sde thdi md khdng the lln vdi dd thj khdc, do Id vd dep vUa e l kinh v i ^ hidn dai.
Trong tuong lai viec xdy dung thdm clu la khong the trdnh khdi, tuy nhidn d l hdi hda cde mdt ddi l^p, d n cd nhdng djnh hudng v l quy hoach, kiln true v^
cdnh quan, d l cd nhdng sdn phim khdng nhiing c6 du chdc nang, md cdn the hien dupc hcri thd cua thiiS dai, cung nhu tiln din xdy dgng nhijng bilu tuong, ddng gdp vdo cdnh quan chung cua dd thj.
2. Thuc trang v l quy hoach va kiln tnic C^u trang dd thj di sdn - Hul
2.1. Ciu thdi Nguyin tai Kinh thanh Hui
Gdn vdi 3 Idp thiiy dao Kinh Thdnh Hul gdm HO Thdnh Hd, Hdo, Ngg Ha la m^t he thdng d u gdm hon 30 chile dupc hlnh thanh, chua ke cdc d u trong Hoang Thdnh, Td Cim Thdnh, cdc ao vidn, vu^m ngu... dtrong khu vge Kinh Thdnh. Phdn Idn clu dLfljc xay dgng dudi thdi cdc vj vua ed cdng sdng tao quy hoach xdy dung Kinh dd Id Gia Long vd Minh M^ng, mdt sd d u dupc dung vao ddu thl k^ XX, cdi tao, xSy mdi thay thl do bj tndt gidi, hu hdng nang.
- Sd lupng cdc d u thdi Nguyin tai Kinh thdnh Hu6 cdn tdn tai ddn ngdy nay phdn Idn Id d u ed kit clu gach dd, sat. Cdc cdu dupe thtit k l bdng gd, thircmg gia ha kilu, hdu nhu da dupc thay thl bdng b§ t6ng cdt thdp hoac da bj tridt gidi hodn todn.
- Cdc d u trdn cdc sdng hd thanh: chl cdn Ddng Ba mdng bd tdng cdt thdp tren gdc sat, Trdng Tiln vd d u Da Vidn (2 edu ndy dd nhilu dupe cdi tao trung tu), cdn lai ddu dd bd tdng d t hoae bj tridt giai.
- Cdc clu trdn hdo hd thdnh: sd lupng 11 d u g?*
da cdn tdn tai.
- Cdc cdu trdn Ngu Hd: Cd 5 d u gach dd, 1 diU
1
NGUCtl XAY DI/NG SO THANG 9 & 10 - 2015
I. QUY HOACH • KlJN TRUC CANH QUAN • BAG T 6 N Dl SAN CAU TRONG DO THI
sat cdn ton t^i nguyen ven. 2 c l u bi triet giai va 2 cau da be tong c6t thep.
Thifc trang ve xiy dang ciu thdi Nguyen tai Kinh thinh HuS
Tren cac song Hp thanh Ha
Hau het cac c 4 u tren cac song Hp Thanh Ha theo thdi gian, anh hudng khf hau, thien tai. si;phat then xa hpi... hien nay ddu khong con dang ve ciia nhCmg chiec cau xua nCra vi chung da di/pc cai tao va xay mdi. Hai c l u bj triet giai han ( c l u Thanh TL/dc. cdu Cdu Lpi). Rieng chi con cau Dong Ba con giCr dupc hinh dang cai tao nam 1892. Tuy nhien d i m cku va mo cau da dUOc be tong hoa. va cau Trang T i i n sau 2 l l n cai lao (Hinh 2.1 , 2.2. 2.3 va 2.4).
Hinh 2.3: Cau kim Long, nam Hinh 2.4 Ciu Dong Ba, nam 1998.(Ngudn Kinh Thanh HuS). 2010 (Ngudn. Tac gii).
Tren he thdng hao Hp Thanh
Vdi chat lieu da va gach kha kien co. kich thudc ngan, cac cau bac qua hao Ho Thanh gan vdi he thdng cCra Kinh thanh hau het con nguyen ven. Tuy nhien, chung da duoc cai tao nhu mat cau da do nhua dudng. hai dau cau nang len de giam bdt dp doc cua vdm cau. cac chi t i l t lan can. gach lat hU hong, khong ro hinh dang, mau sac. chat lieu.,.
+ Tren song NgU Ha
Tren song Ngi/ Ha dai gan 3,5 km da timg co 10 chiec cau bac qua song, mat do, khoang each tuong ddi day Ngay nay. hai chiec cau gd ia BacTe va Binh Kilu da bien m i t , con lai 8 chiec cau: 5 cau xay bang da va gach (cau Dong Thanh Thuy Quan, cau Ngi; Ha.
c l u Khanh Ninh. cau VTnh Loi, cau Tay Thanh Thiiy Quan), 1 cau bang sat (cau Xe Lua}, con 2 cau Hoang T I , cau Thanh Long da xay mdi b i n g be tong. (Hinh 2,5,2.6, 2.7 va 2.8)
Hmh 2 5. Ciu khanh Ninh xua. Hinh 2.6 Cau IQianh Ninh hien Ngudn: BAVH. nay Nguon: Tic gia.
Hinh 2.7: Cau Tiy Thanh Thuy Hinh 2.8- Ciu Tay Thanh Thuy Quan xua ifjgudn: BAVH. 1924). Quan hien nay (NguOn: Tie gia).
Thirc trang xay dimg cac c l u thdi Nguyin tai Kinh thanh trong viec triing tu. cai tao va xay mcrt p h l n Ion deu xuat phat tir viec doi pho vol cac nguy ca de tijc thcfi ciru van. Hau h i t , ban ve va y tutmg thiet k l khong di/cc quan tam nghien ciru ky l u ^ g . can nhac phu hop voi cac gia tri nghe thuat kien true, van hda.
lich sir tren co so cua he thong cau cu von co. Do dd, gia tri bao ton thap. pha vd gia tri van hoa lich siJ lam cho di san do thi xuong cap (xem bang 1 • Phu iyc).
2.2. Cau ngoii khu vac Kinh thanh Hue Do thi ngoai Kinh thanh dupc dan xen giua dd thi cu va mcfi. Vcri dd thi thc?i Phap thudc nam doi dien song Huwig. tiep den la cac do thi thoi ky sau do va do thi moi phat t r i l n ve phfa Dong Nam thanh phd hien nay. Nhin chung. do thi ngoai Kinh thanh kha on dinh ve mat cau true cung nhu dan so, chinh vi vay so iLfong cau gan nhif khong doi,
Kien true cau b day co dac di§m chung deu bac qua cac con song nho. vi vay kien true cau gan nhu deu CO nhCmg kieu dang tutfng t i ; nhau, chl khac ve cac chi t i l t (Hinh 2.9 va 2.10).
Hinti 2.9: Vi tfi Cau trong cac l(tiu vdc Hinh 2.10: Cau tren cac bao ve dt san cua thanh ph6 Hu^ he thOng song chinh tai (UNESCO - 2008) iNgubn tic giai. khu vUc tning tam cua thanh phd Hu4.
Hien nay. tren he thong song tai khu vue trung tam thanh pho. nhi/tren song Huung. sdng An Cuu. song Dong Ba. Bach Yen, Nhu y....cac cau da dupc dau t u xay dung lai co be mat cau rpng hon. hinh dang cau hien dai hon. img dung cong nghe ky thuat xay dung mdi tao be mat cau lien tue, khdng gd ghe. cd dp cao thdng ihuyen Idn hon, dap ung dupc viec phat then du
N G l / d l XAY DLTNG SO T H A N G 9 & 10 - 2 0 1 5
• QUY HOACH • KlfeN TRUC CANH QUAN • BAO T 6 N Dl SAN CAU TRONG DO TH|
hch bang thuyin tren cac khu vi/c nay, Nhimg ben canh do v l n con mot s6 c§u v§n chuH 6yoc nang cap hoae xay dung lai va cung do tinh c h i t lich silr cua c l u , nen cung lam anh hudng d i n phat t n i n khong gian thanh phd va phat tnen du lich t h u y i n tren song (Hinh 2 11 va2.12).
Kinh thanh, chua tao dupe diem nhan tham my cho khu vuc trung tam vcfi rdt nhieu hoat ddng van hoa, du hch.
3. Kidn nghi va d l x u l t quy hoach, xay dungva bao tdn Cdu trong dd thj Di san - Hue
Viec quy hoach xay dung cau trong dd thi khong don thuan ngoai vai tro giao thong ma no cdn the hien ca mot quy hoaeh mang tinh djnh hudng v§ lau dai, Ben eanh do, nhCing gia tr; dae trung ve ki§n true, cong nghe, hch sO, van hoa,... ciia mot cong trtnhcSu CO the b i l n no trd thanh mot bieu tupng: c l u Golden Gate 6 San Francisco (Hinh 3.1). c l u Alexandre Ill- Paris, eau Pont Neuf-Pans (Hinh 3.2), cau Long Bien - Ha Npi (Hinh 3.3), c l u Trang T i l n - H u l (Hinh 3.4),,,,
Hinh 2.11: Vi tri Cau trong vi ngoai khu Vdc Kinh thanh Hu6 (UNESCO - 1993).
(Ngudn tac gia)
Hinh 2.12 Cau tren cac he thdng kenh trong va ngoai kinh
thanh 2.3. NhUng han che cua cong trinh Cau trong giao thdng va tham my dd thj
2 3.1. Han che ve chieu rong be mat va kit cau ciu
Tren song Hucng tai khu v u t trung tam (trudc Kinh thanh) va tren he thong kenh dao xung quanh kinh thanh dang ton tai 2 he thong cau duang bo va dudng sat; ton tai cau be tong cot thep, eau thep; ton tai cau dupc xay dung trudc nam 2000 va sau nam 2000.
Chfnh vi vay khong co tfnh dong bo cua he thong cau tai khu vuc nay Do tru6c nam 2000, khi xay dUng cau chi chu trpng den viec luU thong luc dd, ma khong co tfnh toan cho thai gian sau nay, nen hien nay chieu rong be mat cau hep va giai phap ket cau nhip dam lap ghep (khau dd nghip ngan) nen da anh huang d i n khong gian dong song va ket cau be tong mat c4u khong lien mat, da tao do go ghe tren mat c l u ,
2 3.2 Han ch4 vi do cao thong thuydn Hien nay, tren song Huong tai khu vUc truoc Kinh thanh la trung tam hoat dong van hoa va cac hoat dong dich vy du lich ciia thanh pho, dac biet la dich vy du hch b i n g thuyin tren song. Do han ch6 v l k i t cau va do tfnh chat nganh ciia cau duong sat, nen hien nay do cao thong thuyen ciia he thong c i u tai khu vue nay kha han c h l chi eao khoang tir 4,5m d4n 4,7m vao mua nuo'c binh thuong, vao miia mua thi do thong thuyen kha thap chi dat khoang < 4,0m, Chfnh vi vay da lam han che phat t n l n thuyen du lich va tao khong gian khong an toan va khong thdng thoang tren dong song eho khu vuc nay
2.3.3. Han che ve miic do tham my
Song Huong luon duoc vf la dong song tho mong, hien hoa va co eanh quan thien nhien dep, nhung he thong Cau hien nay chua phij hop va hai hoa vdi khdng gian ciia dong sdng Huong va khu vue trucfc
Hinti 3.1 Cau Golden Gate - San Hmti Z.2: Cau Pont Neuf - Pans Francisco
Hinh 3.3. Ctu Long BiBn - Ha Noi Hinli 3.4: Cau Trang Ti§n - Hue.
Vcfl vai tro mpt do thi Ijch sir, di san. Hue mang trong minh n h i l u su xung dot giua cai phat trien va nhung gia tri c i n bao tdn, Xay dung mot cay cku trong viing di san'? Hay bao tdn mdt cay c l u mang gia tri hch sir nhung da xudng d p ? Day la nhijng van de khong d§ dang giai quyet. Dudi goc do ciia bai viet, nhom tac gia chi dua nhiing dong gdp mang tinh chuyen mon va kinh nghiem.
3.1. Bdi vd'i cdng tac bao tdn, tu bo va xay dung cdng trinh cau trong khu vuc di san
- 06i vo'i cac eong trinh c l u trang khu vue di san, nen cd su danh gia ddng bo quy kien truc-canh quan cac cong trinh c&u de cd duoc tu lieu cho mpi cong lac bao tdn, triing tu cdng trinh cau.
- Cac cdng trinh eau trong khu vue di san, di tich can duoc glu' gin, bao quan; N l u cong trinh ciu do xudng cap can tien hanh nghien ciru tu sua mot each cd khoa hoc va phai cd su tham gia cua eac nha chuyen mdn ve quy hoaeh, kien true, ky su cau dudng, cac chuyen gia ve lich sCf, van hoa, di tfch,
- Dam bao viec xay dung nhung cdng trinh cau m(A phuc vu giao thdng phai nam ngoai vanh dai bao v&di san, di tich,
" Canh quan k i l n true cau phai hai hoa vdt khu vyc bao ve di san, di tfeh,
3.2. Doi vdi cdng trinh cau xay dung trong do thi
Xet v l gdc dd cac goc nhin dd thi ( d i l m nhln y^
thl giac), cay c l u cd the xem nhu la mot diem nhSn
N G U d l XAY D U N G SO THANG 9 & 10 • 2 0 1 5
I. QUY HOACH - KI^N TRUC CANH QUAN - BAO T 6 N Dl SAN CAU TRONG DO THI
l<ien true, mpt tdc pham nghd thudt ciia l<hung canh dd thj d d . Vd vdy, quan nidm xay dung cku chl de di lai
\k mdt quan nidm sai Idm.
- Vide luci chon vj tri xay dung cdu Id cdng vide quan trpng nhdt. Bert ngoai vide vj tri do quydt djnh giao thdng cua cdu ma vj tri dd cdn dinh huong khdng gian cdng cdng di kem cac nut giao thdng tai cdng trlnh cau. Bdn canh dd, khdng gian k i l n true eanh quan vi trf xay dung cdng trinh c l u cung anh hudng hinh thut tham my cua eong trinh cSu dd (Hinh 3,5 va 3.6).
De mdi cay cdu Id mdt tac ph^m nghd ttiudt, cdn chu y ddn nhijng chi tidt cua cdu (chi tiet trang tri d nhip, vdm; chi tidt lan can, tay vjn thdnh cdu; chi tidt dieu kh§c d Idi di bo hanh hai ben cdu; si!r dung mau s i c , anh sang Idm noi bat cdu). Tren phuong didn mdi tnjdng, tranh va giam t h i l u nhiSng t i c ddng anh hudng ddn c h i t luung nu6c, tranh pha v d mdl trudng canh quan xung quanh cdng trinh cliu (Hinh 3.10 va 3,11).
Hinh 3.5: Pont des Arts bac qua Hinti 3.6 Cau Simone cie Beauvoir song Seme ndi lidn Bao tang bic qua song Seme nbi thu i/ien Louvre vdi Vidn Hin lam Phap. Ou6c gia v&i cdng vien Bercy
- L l y y kidn cdng chung rong rai trudc khi thuc hien k§ hoach chpn vi tri xdy dung c l u .
- Djnh nghTa dung chiJic nang cua cdng trinh c l u c i n xdy dung ( c l u vUdt bd hanh, c l u giao thdng, c l u canh) d l cd giai phap thidt kd hop ly theo tidu chuan.
- Kidn true su, nha quy hoach phdi tham gia true tidp vdo qui trinh thidt kd cdng trlnh c l u
- Tren phuofng dien quy hoach giao thdng, c i n giai quydt tdt bdi todn giao thdng cdng cdng tai cac nut giao c l u vdi khu dd thj, dudng s i t ( c l u qua sdng An Cuu)
- Ldng ghdp cdc chUc nang cdng cdng tai dja d i l m c l u : khdng gian cay xanh, cdng vien ven chan c l u ; khdng gian mua s I m , giai tri, nghe thudt dudrng phd ven va tren c l u {Hinh 3.7).
Hinh 3.7: SO dd to' chUc khong gian kien true canh quan va giao thdng nut tai vi tri Cau.
• Khai thac cac y l u to tao hinh tdt de phat huy gia tri tham my cdng trinh cau (Hinh 3.8 va 3.9).
Hinh 3.8: Cau Phong Vu d Trung Quoc vOi cac khong gian giai tn. cong ddng.
Hinti 3.9,- Cau Kintai 6 Nhat Ban
Hinh 3.11 Cau Alexandre HI - Paris - Phip.
Thuc trang viec quy hoach thiet k l xay dung cdng trinh trang cac do thi a nude ta mdi ehi quan tam d i n phan giao thdng, chua the hien ducc s u phdi hpp trong cdng tac thidt k l tir kidn true s u ddn ky s u cdng trinh. Thay vi l l y cac tieu chi v l cdng nghe xay dung 6i thidt kd c l u , thay vi quan nidm thidt c l u cht danh de giao thdng, chung ta ndn tlm cdc y tudng thidt kd c l u chfnh tii nhijng net van hda ban dja ncrt cdng trinh c l u dd tdn tai. Chinh tCr dd, hlnh anh cdy d u se trit thdnh b i l u tupng ciia van hda vung dd. D l thay doi quan nidm "qua c l u " thanh quan niem "ddn c l u " va de Hud mai la "kiet tac tho dd thi".
4. Ket ludn
Dd thj dl san Hud duoc hinh thanh dpc hai ben b d sdng Huong vdn n l i tidng bdi s u nguydn ven cd hd thdng cua cac di san: \is kidn true thdnh tri, lang tam, ddn chCia, midu mao pha trdn k i l n true truydn thdng va phong each phutmg Tdy. Hd thdng c l u cdng, thuy dao CO v l n van hanh trdn tru qua hdng thd ky kdt hop vdj s u c h a t che, hop ly cua quy hoach giao thdng thdi k^ Phap thude. Hud v l n gii? duyc s u hdi hoa giQa eo kinh vd hidn dai, giiJa nhufng ydu td nhan tao va mdi trudng t u nhien. Co the nhdn djnh r i n g , he thdng C l u trong dd thj H u l la nhjp ndi giu^ dd thj co va s u phat t r i l n cua cac khdng gian dd thj mdi xung quanh nd.
Tuy nhien, cung cd t h l t h i y rd, cung vdi nhung doi thay va phat t r i l n trong xu thd thcrt dai mdi, dd thj di san Hud dang dung tn/dc nhung thtr thach cua s u mau t h u i n giua bao tdn va phat t r i l n . K i l n true canh quan cdng trinh c l u trong dd thj di san Hud cung gdng minh gSnh d d nhung mau t h u i n do.
Vide triing tu, cai tao va xay mdi c l u trong Kinh Thdnh p h l n Idn ddu x u l t phdt Xit ylec ddi phd vdi cac nguy co d l tdc thdi curu van s u xudng d p eua cac d u cu; s u vdi vang trong vide t r i l n khai xay dung nhOng cdng trinh c l u mdi ngoai Kinh thdnh Hud, trdn sdng Huong va cae ehi luu cung dem lai nhiJfng he qua tieu cue: Khdng nghien ciru ky vj tri xay dung d u (trudng hop e l u T u i n xay dung trong vknh dai di san lang Minh Mang da nhan duoc khuydn cdo cua uy ban di san UNESCO); khdng nghien cOu ddn dac trung cua d u thdrt N g u y i n trong Kinh Thdnh d i n ddn vide xdy
N G U O l X A Y D U N G SO T H A N G 9 & 1 0 • 2 0 1 5
. QUY HOACH • KIEN TRUC CANH QUAN • BAO T 6 N Dl SAN CAU TRONG DO TW
mdl, cSi tao d u khdng dung cdch,...
Cunq khdng t h l phu nhan dupc s u han chd eua h$
thdng eau hidn tai trong va ca ngodi Kinh thanh vd c h i l u rpng d u , chidu cao thdng thuydn eung n h u mite dd t h i m my. Didu ndy cung d i n ddn nhidu lung tilng vd khd khan trong edng tac nghien ciXi quy hoach, thidt kd xdy dung d u .
Cdng trinh Cau, ngodi chiic nang giao thdng, vita Id mdt tdc pham dieu k h i c , viia la mpt ndt t i l u canh d i l m td cho canh quan kidn true khu vuc. Trong khu vyc Kinh thanh, cdc cdng trinh d u cdn la nhijng chOng nhan kiet x u l t cua nhOng thdi ky nghd thuat thdng hoa trong qud khir. VI vdy d n phai cd thai dd i)ng xCr nghidm tue vd khoa hpc ddi vdi cdng tac quy hoach thidt k l xay dung danh cho the loai cdng trinh ndy. Ridng ddi vert viec bao quan, tnJng tu, xay dung cdc cdng trinh d u thudc vung di san d n phai cd s y k i l m so^t chdt che vdi s u tham gia da ngdnh tir quy ho^ch- cdnh quan, xdy dung - giao thdng, kidn true - nghd thuat, van hda - ljch sil.
Khcie vdi n h i l u dd thj, Hud ed r i t nhidu co hpi trong vide phdt t r i l n dd thj mang mot ban s l e ridng. Dd Id bin s i c cilia vide blio tdn cdc khdng gian di sSn kidn
true canh quan. Mdt d d thi n h u vdy, duong nhien \k mdt d d thj cd thd manh d l od t h l ph^t t r i l n bdn viing.
Bdo tdn t i t ca nhung ban s i c dO di kem vdi phat trifin do thj hien dai d l cd dupc T h a n h phd di san H u l " 1^
mdt nhidm vy khd nhung khdng phdi b i t kha thi.U
Tai lieu tham khdo:
1. Wnh Cao (2007), 'Thu^ dao trong Kinh thinh Hui-ly giii theo phong thuy", Ky yiu Hdi thao Stf hlnh thinh vi vai m cOa h$ mst nMc Kinh thinh Hui trang 42-48
2, Phan Thu$n An (1999), Kinh thinh Hui Nxb Thuan H6a, Hufi.
trang 234 - 326
3 Louis Bezacier (1954), Ngh$ OiuitAn Nam, Bdn dich eda V l ^ KhSoCfi, Ha NOi, trang 41-45
4. Phan Thanh HSi (2014), Quy ho^ch vi phit triin dd ft/ Hui nhin tddi san vin hda,
5. HoSng Bao KInli (2015), Sdng HUdng tmng cau true dd thiili sin vi dd thi sinh thii,
6. Iran Quang (2014), Xiy ddng nhOng ciy (^u biiu h/dng frmg dd thl. Tap chi Quy hoact) va xay dirng, s6 68. trang 10-13
7. Vu Thj Vinh (2014), Ciy cliu - DiSm nhkn cua d6 thi. Tap chi Quy hoach v^ xay di/ng, s6 68, traig 33-35
Phi^ i i j c
B a n g LTTidng k l he t h i n g c l u ben trong Kinh thdnh H u l
Ttn ciu qua tie ttidi kjr ljch siJr - Bach H 6 Kieu
(Gia Long) - IQ\ T 6 Ki6u (Minh Mang)
- Bgch Y i n KiSu (Gia Long) - Kim Long Kieu (Minh Mang) - Cufu Ldi Kl^u Xa H o i K i k
- Huyin Yin Kilu (Gia Long) - TruBng LtJi Kieu (Minh Mang)
- Huyin Hgc Kiiu (Gia Long) - Tinh T i Kiiu (Minh Mang) - M y T i K i i u
Thanh TiWc Kiiu (Gia Long) - DOng HOi Kiiu (Minh M^ng) - Thanh Long Kiiu (Gia Long) - c i u DOng Thdnh Thuy Quan (Minh Mang)
- Thanh Cdu Kiiu - N g t / H a Kiiu (Minh Mang)
T g n C i u hien flay cau Kim Long
C^u An Hoa (dueing sat)
Cku An Hoa
CauCO^
Hau
Cong LUdng y
cau Kho
Vj M c i u Gcin phdo ddi Nam Ninh (gi^c Tay Nam Kinh thanh), d ndi song K6 Van tiep giap song HUdng Trudc mat c i ^ Chanh TSy, t r i n sOng Kg Van
GOc phia Tay BJc Kinh thanh, ndi sdng K i Van va sang sao gap nhau T r u a c m a t T a y B k M f i n (cu^AnHoa),trens6ng eao.
Tn/dc Chanh B k Mon (cOa Hau), tren song Dao
Trifdc mat Ddng Bac Mfln (ClJa K i Trai) Nam trgn dUdng chay sat mat (J6ng Kinh thanh, t r i n sdng Ngir Ha
Nam tran di/dng chay tif ciia ThiAjng Til d i n ciia Hau
eac d i l m , k i t cku, tach thudc - G d
- C i u sat (Ttianh Thai 1897);
- Ciu t)e tdng c6ttti6p (1990) - oai 68m, njng 3,4m -GO
- Oai 80.32m; rOng 3,40m
- S i t - oai 62m. rOng 2,5m
- G 6
- C i u s a t (ThanhThat 1898) - Ciu bg tdng ban kiin c6 (1990).
- Dai 80,32m; rdng 3.4m - G f l
- Ciu b6 tdng cdtthgp dai 100m, rdng 10m
- Dai 85m; rflng 2.76m -GO
- Dai 57.37m; rflng 4,25m -GO
- Da gach. dang c i u v6ng cd thOy quan
- Dai 68m. rdng 5.52m - G o
- Da va gach (Minh Mang 1920) - o a i 4 4 , 6 2 m , rflng5,10m
N9m XD v i hien tr^ng nam 1808 sCrachiJa nam 1839 DS xay lai.
sdachi)a nam 1821 vd 1839
Khdng cdn khoing nam 1908 V i n cdn
sO^chtla nam 1840 oa xay mdi
nam 1808. siJacht^
nam 1839 Da xay mdi
nam 1808, silachila nam 1838 Khflng cdn V i n c f l n
siJachiJa nam 1920 C d n . h i t h f l n g c a c c h i t i i t lan can, mat c i u thay d5i
N G U d l X A Y D U N G S O T H A N G 9 ft 1 0 • 2 0 1 5
I. QUY HOACH - KI^H TRUC CANH QUAN - BAO TdN Dl SAN CAU TRONG PO THI
- BSc T i Kiiu (Thi$u Trj) - Ciu Kho Tiin - Ciu Son Kho Tiln (g6 son dfl) - Khanh Ninh Kiiu - Cong Hie Bao
Blnh Kiiu
Vinh L0i Kiiu
Ciu TSy Thanh Thuy Quan
Hoing T i Kiiu
Ciu xe \(ta
Ciu Khanh Ninh
C6ng Vinh Ldi
Ciu Thuy Quan
Ciu Thuy Quan
O o ^ Ngi/ Ha gap khuc, giif c ^ Kho va ciu Khanh Ninh
Bic qua sdng Ngii Ha.
gin cung Kh^h Ninh
TiJTdtJdngLiHuanf^
din phia td cung Bao Djnh. qua sflng Ngu Ha Tren doan tCT ciia Nha Do din cita An Hoa, qua sdng Ngu Ha
TrSn dudng Tdn Thit Thi6p mat hOu Kinh Thanh, trin sdng NgU Ha Tr6nau6ciaiA. flnhanh sflng Ke \^n chdy vao sflng Ngu Ha.
C^nh ciu Hoing Ti, tren tuyin di/dng ray Bic - Nam
-Gd
- D^ 40.80m, rflng 2,76m
- Da ttianh va gach vfl, diidi tro duflng thdng thuy cua vdm rdng 6.40 m.
- Dai 44,62m; rong 4,33m -Gd
- Dai 44.62m; rflng 3,82m.
- Da va gach, dang c ^ vdng.
thi/dng gia ha ktiu, tren ciu xay tnJdng lan 11 gian mai Idp ngdi
•Dai 44,62m; rflng 5,11m - Da va gach, dang cau vdng. tren ciu duidi c6ng thiJy q u ^ . - Dai 25.75m; rflng 4.85m -Davagach -Bgtflngc6tth^(1997)
-sat
nam 1841, Khflng cdn dau vit
nam 1825 Cdn nguydn v ^ cd ca nha Ilia va bia ciu, chifi triing tu.
Khflng con
nam 1825 Nay chi cdn ciu da va g9Ch, phin nMttriicIng lan khflng cdn.
nam 1825 Con, mat mdt s6 ctiiliit lan can.
nam 1825 Da xay duhg mdi.
nam 1908 Vincfln
Bdng 2. Thdng kd hd thdng clu bdn ngo^i Kinh thanh Hul
Tin Ciu
Ciu Tn/dng (Trang) Tiin
- Ciu Sdng HUdng (1971) - Ciu Phu X u ^ (1976) - An Hfli Kiiu (Gia Long) - Gia Hfli Kiiu (Minh Mang)
- DOng Hoa Kiiu {Gii Long) - Ddng Gia Kiiu (Thiiu Trj) - Ciu Ddng Ba
Vi tri Ciu
sdng HUdng, n6\
dudng Hung VUdng vdi Trin Hi/ng D?D
sdng HUdng, n6i di/Ong Ha NOi vdi Trin Hung Dao
sflng Ddng Ba, n6i dudng Trin Hung Dao vdi Chi Lang
sflng DOng Ba, n6i dudng Nguyin Chi Thanh vdi Mai ThiJc Loan. Bgn trai cua m ^ t ^ n Chanh DOng Mdn (eda Ddng Ba)
Chi/c ning Ciu Dudng bO
DUdng bO
Dudng bg
DUdng bO
eac aim, kit ciu, tach thudc
- Cd 6 nhip, - Phap thudc (Gustave Eitfel) -ThSp
- Dai 402,65m, rdng Gm ' Cd 14 r^p - Phap Siudc (Gustave Eittel) -B6tdngc6tth^(BTCT) -Dai 374,65m, rflng 17m - Gfl (dai 52.35m. rdng 3.82m) - S i t (Thanh Thai 1898) -BTCT(1906) - cai t^o r ^ g gap ddi (1950) (dai 52,35m, rpng 11,7m) -xay mdi 2001 - Dai 63m, r ^ 20m -Go
- ciu sit diu ti£nd Hui (1892) - md ciu va dim ciu be tong trfln gac s i t (1989) - Dai 66,45m; rpng 3,82m - 8TCT (dai 66,5m, rflng 11 m
MUc dfi gia tri tham my D ^ , hai hda vdi c ^ h quan t h i ^ nhiSn
Ttifl, cUng Ididng hat hoa vdi Ceinh quan thien nhien
tUdng dot phu hdp vdi canh quan thien nhien
tutfng dfli phu hdp vi3i civih quan thiOn nl»en
Nim XD, hidn trang nam 1899, Da xay diAig lai (1995)
n ^ 1970. siia chiia 1998, 2009
nam 1806, siJa chOaiSSS, 1950,2001
nam 1808 sdachda nam 1841 xudng cip, mit n l w u t ^ t i l t xay lai 2013
NGirdi XAY DUNG Sd THANG 9 ft 10 • 2015
. QUY HOACH - KIEN TRUC CANH QUAN • BAO TON PI SAN CAU TRONG BO THI
- Ham T i Ktgu (Gia Long) - Ciu Thanh Long (Minh Mang) - Ciu Mai Phuc (thdt Phap t h u ^ )
Cau Da Vien
c i u Bach H 5
- Xuan Ttiuy Kiiu (Gia Long) - C ^ Bao Vinh C i u Bai Dau
Ciu Bach Y i n
Ciu An Hda
C i u Ba B i n
Ciu Kim Long
Dap Da
Ndi sflng Ngu Ha giap vdi sflng Ddng Ba, di/dng Huynh Thuc Khang
sdng HUdng, noi dudng But T^j Xuan vdi Le Duan
sdng HUdng, dUdng s i t Bic-Nam
sflng B^ch Y i n , n6i dUdng Dao Duy Anh vdi Dang T i t sdng Ddng Ba. n6i difdng Nguyin Gia Thiiu vdt Tang Bach H6 Song Bach Y i n , n6i ciJia hau vdi dUdng T i n Da sdng Bach Y ^ , noi dUdng It Duin vdi Ly Thai T 5 sdng Bach Y i n . dUdng Van Xuan Sdng K i Van, dudng Kim Long (ftih M) 12B) Sflng N h i i y g i a p v i ^ sflng Huong, dudng Nguyin Sinh Cung
Di/dngbd
DUdng bd
DUdng s i t
Di/dngbfl
DUdng bO
Dudng bd
Duong bfl
Dudng bd
DUdng bd
Dudng bO
- Gfl, cd 23 gian.
- C ^ tao doan giOa thanh c i u treo cd t h ^ c i t l i n ha xuong cho thuyin b i d i lai (1839) - Nang doan c i u treo (1851) - C i u be tdng cdt ai6p - Dai 31,45m; rdng 4,4m
• B T C T (sil dgng phUdng [^ap XD mdi - d i m due h i n lien tue) - Dai 542,5m, rdng 24,5m
- T h i p
- Dai 302,1m. rdng 2,5m
- G 6 -BTCT -Dai 68,1m. rflng 12m -BTCT - D a i 9 6 m . r O n g l l m
-BTCT - D d i 95,5m, rflng 11m
-BTCT -Dat 62m, rflng 18m
-BTCT - Dai 60,2m, rOng 8m -BTCT
- Dai 24,75m. rflng 6,8m
-BTCT - D i i 215m, rflng 10.5m
Khdng cfln phu hdp v(S c i n h quan ^ i g n nhidn
phu hdp vdi c ^ h quan thien nhien
khdng phu hop vdi canh quan 9 i i i n nhien, g i m c i u t h i p tUdng d6i phu hdp vdi canh quan thien nhiSn
ti/dng d6i phu hdp vdi c ^ h quan thien nhign
tUdng d6i phii hdp vdi canh quan thiin nhiin
khflng cdn phQ hdp vdi c ^ h quan thien nhien phO hdp vdi canh quan thien nhign Khdng cdn phu hdp vdi Ceinh quan t h i i n nhien
nam 1800, sda chOa nam 1830 d a x ^ m t S
nam 1808, siia chiia nam 1830, m i t cac chitiet nam 1908
nam 1808 » E xay mdi m 2010 ^ ^ Nam 2005 i
Nam 2003
Nam 1991
Nam 2011
Nam 1997
Dang xay dUng lai 2015