Ty\P CHi KHOA HOC & C 6 N G NGHE CAC TRUONG DAI HOC KV THUAT * SO 98 - 2014
NGHIEN ClTU CAC VtV TO ANH H I T O N G DEN SlT THAM GIA CUA KIM LOAI CO BAN VAO MOI HAN B A N G CONG NGHE PLASMA BOT RESEARCH FACTORS AFFECTING TO DILUTION DEGREE OF BASE METAL INTO WELD
BY PLASMA POWDER TRANSFERRED WELDING TECHNOLOGY Ngo Hieu Manh'-,Biii Van Hqnh^, Nguyen Van Anlr, Nguyen Thiic Ha^
'Trirdng Dgi hgc Sao Do -Truong Dgi hoc Bdch khoa Hd Not Din Toa soan 04-01-2013, chdp nhan dang 25-12-2013
Sw tham gia eua kim loai ea ban vao moi han co anh hwang khong nho den chit Iwang va ca tinh mSi han. Khi han dip bang cac phwang phap han truySn thong, mu'c do tham gia cua kim loai ca ban vao moi han thwang nSm trong khoang (10-30)% Ti le nay phu thuoc vao cac y6u td cong nghe han. chi do han, quy tnnh han. ldng dung cong nghe han plasma hot la mot giai phap hieu qua nhSm han che sw tham gia eua kim loai ca ban vao moi han Trong bai bao nay, tac gia tap trung nghien ciru sw anh hwang cua k, Vn, Vb dSn sw tham gia eiia kim loai ea ban vao moi han khi han thep cac bon b&ng eong nghe han plasma hot
T d khoa, Han h6 quang plasma bot, DSp be mat cung bSng cdng nghe ban plasma bot, Tao Idp phii bang PTA
ABTRACT
The dilution of base metal into the weld affected not small to quality and mechanically properties of weld Weld surface by tradition welding methodes, dilution degree of base metal into the weld is about (10-30)%, This percentage is dependent on the factors as welding technology, welding mode, welding process Apply plasma powder welding technology is effective solution achiece dilution reduce of base metal into weld In this paper, authors is focus researching base factors affecting as Iti, Vh, Vt to dilution degree of base metal into the weld during welding carbon steel by plasma powder transferred arc welding technology.
Keywords. Plasma powder transferred arc welding, Hardsurfacing by Plasma powder welding technology. Cladding by PTA
l.DATVANfiE phap ban truyin th6ng nhu SMAW, GMAW, Trong qud trinh han, nhiet luong h6 GTAW, FCAW mirc dg tham gia cua kim loai quang anh hudng true tiip din su tham gia ciia ^^ ''^" ''^'^ ' " ° ' '^^" '^^ ''^°- ^ ' ^^y- '^9^ ^"^
kim loai CO ban vao mdi hdn, cung nhu su ''''''"S ^"g '^™§ '^^' '^'^^ "^^ '^^ '^ ^^' ^^^"8 khuich tan ciia kim loai m6i han vdo kim loai '^^'"S nghg hdn Plasma bdt (Plasma Transferred CO ban Niu nhiet luong h6 quang qua nho tlii A^c-PTA) de tao ra Idp kim lo^i be mat co dg miic do tham gia ciia kim loai ca ban vao mCi ^^''^S cao tren nSn thep cac bon nham han che han. cimg nhu su khuich tan ciia kim loai mdi '^'' ^''^'^ ^la cua kim loai co ban vao moi hand.
han vao kim loai ca bdn giam. Khi do, sir lien z. NOI DUNG NGHIEN CU'U ket giiTa kim loai nen va kim loai mil han thdp,
khong dam bao yeu cau khi lam viec. Niu nhiet 2.1. Gioi thieu ve cong nghe han PTA lupng ho quang qua Idn thi muc d6 tham gia Phuong phap ban hd quang plasma bdt ciia kim loai ca ban vao moi ban, cung nhu su (PTA) bat dau dupe nghien ciru tir nhu'ng nam khuech tdn ciia kim loai mdi ban vao kim loai 60 ciia the ky XX. Nd dugc nghien cii'u va phdt ca ban tang, ldm giam ca tinh va khd nang lam trien tii' phuang phdp hdn hd quang plasma viec ciia chi tiet. Vi vay. can tinh toan va dieu (PAW). Phuong phap han h6 quang plasma hot chinh nhiet lugng ho quang phii hop de dam (PTA) rdt thuan lgi cho tu ddng hda qua trinh bao nhan duoc moi hdn tot nhat. Cdc phuang hdn, ndng cao chat lugng inQi ban, dn dinh t6
TAP CHI KHOA HQC & CONG NGlie CAC TRUCfNG DAI HOC KY THUAT * SO 98-2014 chiic mdi han, nang cao ndng sudt ban,...Diem
khac biet cua phuang phap hdn nay dd la su dung vat lieu ban dang bot. Tiiy thupc vdo muc dich sir dung vd yeu cdu bi mdt, khi hdn cd thi lua chpn nhung loai vat lieu hot khde nhau. Bdt hdn dugc ddng khi mang den mo han va mieng phun. Ho quang plasma se nung ndng chay hop kim bdt khi chiing dupe dua vdo vung hdn. Sau dd ket tinh tao thanh mdi han. Todn bp phdn vung hdn va cac viing lan can dugc bao ve bdi khi tra Ar hoac He.
Hinh I Cdu tao vd sa dd nguyen ly ciia ddu hdn Plasma bot'^'
1.1. Cong thiTC xac djnh mirc dp tham gia ciia k i m loai c c ban vao moi han
Vdi cac phuang phdp ban truyin thdng nhu SMAW, GMAW, GTAW mirc dp tham gia ciia kim loai ca ban vao mdi ban thudng ndm trong khodng (10-30)% khdi lugng kim loai mdi han'^l Dieu ndy gay anh hudng khong nhd den CO tinh, cung nhu chat luong mdi han. Vi vay. lira chpn cdng nghe ban plasma hot (PTA) la gidi phdp hQ'u hieu nhdm han chi su tham gia ciia kim loai ca ban vao moi hdn. Qua do, ban che dugc su anh hudng ciia kim loai co ban din ca tinh va chat lugng mdi hdn.
Mdt so ket qua nghien ciru dd chimg minh rdng, khi hdn bdng cong nghe PTA, mdc dp tham gia cua kim loai co ban vdo mdi hdn nhd ban 10% khdi lugng kim loai mdi han f'''.
Mirc dp tham gia cua kim loai ca bdn vao mdi
ban phu thudc vao nhieu yeu td nhu chi do hdn.
quy trinh han,...
Hinh 2. Mat cdt ngang moi hdn khi hdn bdng cdng nghe PTA
Theo V.Balasubramanian '""', khi hdn ddp mdc do tham gia cua kim loai ca ban vao m6i han dugc xdc dinh theo cong thirc duoi day.
D - 100% (1)
D - Mdc dp tham gia ciia kim loai co ban vdo moi han, %
A - Dien tich mat cdt ngang kim loai phan Idi moi ban, mm^
B - Dien tich mat cdt ngang kim loai phan sau ngau mdi hdn, mm^
Nhu vay, de xac dinh muc dp tham gia ciia kim loai ca ban vdo moi ban khi hdn ddp, can can cu vao ti le kim loai phdn sau ngdu va phdn ldi ciia mdi ban.
2.3. Xac dinh miJc dp tham gia ciia kim loai CO* ban vao moi han
De thuan tien cho qud trinh tinh todn, tac gia tap trung nghien cuu cac thong s6 chi dp han anh budng Idn den mirc dp tham gia ciia kim loai ca bdn vao mdi han. Cdc thong s6 anh hudng do la cudng do dong dien han (h,), van t6c ban (Vi,), tdc do cdp bot (Vb). Cac thdng sd che do hdn khac dugc giu' nguyen trong sudt qua trinh thuc bien.
Vat lieu ban dugc chpn sir dung la hgp kim bdt Celsit N-P ciia hang Bdlher'^'. Cac thdng sd ky thuat ciia hpp kim bdt Celsit N-P dupe md td trong bang dudi ddy.
Bdng I: Cdc thdng sd ca hdn ciia hop kim bot Celsh N-P ciia hdng Bolher.
Ten goi
Celsit N-P
Thanh phan hoa hpc (%) theo khoi lugng C
2.4 Cr 31.0
W 13.0
Kich thiroc hat (^m)
4 5 - 2 0 0 Do cimg
H R C o 20°C
58 Khoi lupng rieng (g/cm')
8.7
Nhiet nong chay (°C)
1230-1290
TAP CHi KHOA HOC & CONG NGH£ CAC TRIIONG DAI HQC KV^ THUAT « SO 98 -2014 Qua trinh tinh todn vd xac dinh miic d6
tham gia ciia kim loai ca bdn vdo mdi ban, tac gid sir dung phan mem Modde 5 0
Di nghien cuu miic dd tham gia ciia kim loai ca bdn vao m6i hdn, tac gia sir dung phuong phdp quy hoach thuc nghiem, phuong trinh hoi quy nhu sau:
N=2'' + 2 . k + n o - 2 - + 2 3 + 3 = 17 (2) Trong dd
N - S6 thi nghiem dugc thuc hien.
k - Cdc thdng sd anh hudng din mirc do tham gia ciia kim loai co ban, k = 3.
no - Sd thi nghiem tai tdm, no = 3 Trong qua trinh phdn tich. tac gia da idy cac giatn can tren vd can dudi vimg khao sdt de danh gia su anh hudng ciia cudng dp ddng dien hdn (Ih), van tdc ban (Vh), tdc dp cdp bdt (V|,) din mdc dp tham gia ciia kim loai ca ban vdo mdi han dupe ddy dii va chinh xdc hon.
Bdng 2. Bdng md hoa cdc ihong sd che do hdn vd khoang gid tri khdo sdt
Thong s6 Ih V , Vb
Don VI A cm/phut
g/phut MS hoa
X I Xi
xs
Khoang gid tri cua bien ma hoa -1
90 20 30
0 100 22 33
1 110 24 36
Do bien thign 10 2 3
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Bdng 3. Bdng gic Cac biSn mS hoa X
-1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
X2 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
X.I
-1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iri muc do Iham gia ciia kim loai co' bdn vdo moi hdn.
Cac bien thuc lb
(A) 90 110 90 110 90 110 90 110 87 85 11215 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Vb (cm/phut)
20 20 24 24 20 20 24 24 22 22 19.57 24.43 22 22 22 22 22
Vb (g/phiit)
30 30 30 30 36 36 36 36 36 33 33 33 29 35 36.64 33 33 33
M u c do tham gia cua kim loai CO ban viio moi ban
D ( % ) 6.42 8.17 6.12 8 11 7.61 8.78 7.14 8.36 6 63 8 59 7.94 7.36 6.93 7.61 7.24 7.22 7.19
Bang 4 Bdng gid Iri cdc thong so che do hdn vd mii-c do tham gia cita kim logi co hdn vdo mdi hdn khi hdn bdng PTA
lb (A) 90 - 110
Vi, (cm/phut)
2 0 - 2 4
Vb (g/phlit)
3 0 - 3 6
D
(%)
6 . 1 2 - 8 . 7 8
TAP CHi KHOA HOC & C6NG NGHE CAC TRI ONG D.\l HQC KY THUAT • SO 98 - 2014 mdi ban ndm trong khoang (6.12-8.78)%. Ti le ndy thdp hon rdt nhiiu so vdi cac phuang phap ban truyin thdng khac. Mdt khac, tac gia xdy dung dugc mdi quan he giiira cdc thdng so che do bdn vd sir anh hudng ciia chiing din mdc do tham gia ciia kim loai co ban vdo moi hdn khi han bang cdng nghe PTA.
Hinh 3- He thdng hdn PTA cua hang Castolin tai Dai hoc Bdch khoa Hd Ndi
Qud trinh phan tich, tdc gia da xac dinh dugc mdc do tham gia cua kim loai ca ban vao
Hinh 4. Hinh dgng i PTA
i hdn bdng cong nghe
%^^'
Hmh 5 Anh hudng ciia h vd Vj, den D khi Vh = Hinh 6. Anh hudng ciia //, vd Vi, den D khi Vh 36g/phul 30g/phiil
Hinh 7. Bleu do bieu dien su dnh hudng cua /;,, Vi, vd Vh ddn D 37
T/.K
Qua tham gia c gia sir dun)
D i i loai CO b phuang pl trinh hdi q N - 2 ^ Trong do:
N
Thon;
Ih Vl V
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 16 17 Bdng 4 L hdn bdng
ptH(Kll0AMQC4C0NGNGMF:( « I 111 (INC DAI HOC KVTill iVr t S6«.liii M ire dp tham gia cua itim loai moi han (D) ti le thuan voi cumgdu ban (lb) va toe dp cap b6t(Vb). iila van 16c ban (Vi,). Trong do, cirong dt ban CO anh hucmg Ion nhat den su giam m u c dp tham gia ciia kim loai moi b a n . Trong khoang gia tri ci khao sat, tac gia da ihu duoc ket qui Nhir vay, khi han bang cong nghe PTA.
cuong iJg dong dien han (lij, van t6c ban (Vi,) va tijc ctp cip hot (Vb) anh huirng true ti6p den mirc dp tham gia cua kim loai c o ban vao moi Iran. Can cu vao do thi co thS thay rang, miic do tham gia ctia kim loai c a b a n vao moi ban (D) li le thuan vdi cuang dp dpng dien ban (Ih), toe do cip bot (Vb) va ti le nghich voi van t6c ban (Vh)
3, KET Uihn
Qua trinh nghien cuu, tac gia da xac diiiii duoc rniJc do tham gia cua kim loai c o ban vao moi ban. Dong thoi xay dung dupe iTi6i quan iie giita cac thong sa c b l dp ban n b u c u o n g do dong dien han (Ih), van tfic ban (Vb) va tc5c dp cap bot (Vb) djn s u tham gia ciia kim loai c o ban vao m6i bin khi ban bang cong nghe PTA.
Mijc dp tham gia cua kim loa moi ban dat gia tri nho nhat 0™ =
= 9 0 A , Vh = 24cm/phut va Vh= 30i Mirc dp tham gia ctia kim lo inoi han dat gia trj Ion nhat D,^,- - 1 lOA, Vb = 20cnr/phut va Vi
T A I LIEU T H A M K H A O
1. BUI Van Hanh, - T a p cac be mat lam viec chiu mai mon va va dap cua dung cu bSni!
(20051^ ' ' ' ' " ' ^^^ ' ' ' " "^''"^ ' ' " ' * ' ^ ° " ° "^'"'' '''''^' " " " " " ^ ° " ' *"•"•' ^'' " ^ " ' ' - * ^' 2. K.U.Kainer, Metal maxtric cpmppsites, W I L E Y - V C H Verlag G m b H & C o , Oemany 3. Ngo LS Thong, Cong nghe ban dien nong chay, N h a x u j t ban kbpa hpc ky thuat. Ha
" D t e m r t r a n s r " ' ^ " - ^f"'^'"'''" " ' '^^Voti-^ Surface melhodolody t o prediction d S t e " S r c i ? r i r " " " : " ^ " ' ^ ' " " ' ^ ^ ^ ^•='=' ™ - * ° " ^ ^ >"terna,ional diiu .5it.ei researcli. Vol 16, pp.44-53, (2009)
^ B o h l e r W e U m g , Metal powder and lasting rods, Bphler Welding Group, Germany, Dia chi Uen he- Ngf.llr,
TruaiiL S6 :-•
L-niail: huumanhkckl(^gmail.ci
^ h i Linh ~ Hdi D u o n g