TUu hut \m ^ ta trite U£9 o j j ^ ngoai cho phat trim kinb te hiin taft Quang Ngai
Nguyen Le Nguyen Dung
Khoa Tai chinh- Ngan hang, TrUdng Oai hpc Tai chinh- Ke toan
Bai viet nay phdn tich thitc trgng thu hut von ddu tu true tiep nuoc ngoai (FDI) cho phdt trien kinh te bien tinh Quang Ngdi. Ket qud cho thdy. so voi tong luang von FDI ddu tu cho tdt cd cdc ITnh vice cita dia phuong vd vdi von ddu tu cho kinh te bien cua cdc dia phucmg lan can, dong von FDI ddu tu cho phdt trien kinh tebien tinh Qudng Ngdi vdn con khiem ton Tren CO so tim hieu nguyen nhdn, tdc gid dua ra mot so khuyen nghi nhdm tdng cu&ng thu hut FDI cho phdt trien kinh te bien den dia phuong ndy trong tuong lai. Cdc khuyen nghi tap trung vdo viec doi m&i cong tdc xuc tien ddu tu, cdi thien moi trutmg ddu tu, chu trpng cong tdc phdt trien nguon nhdn lice, ban hdnh ede ehinh sdch un ddi khuyen khich ddu tuphii hop v&i dieu kien cua Tinh Qudng Ngdi vd dgc thii cdc ngdnh kinh te bien.
Tie khoa: FDI, kinh te bien, Qudng Ngdi
1. Mff dhx duong b a bien dai 130 tan, thuoc 5 huyen, voi 25 xa bai ngang ven bien, 3 xa dao, Quang Ngai la tinh ven biSn, nam trong 4 ciia bien va co viing bien ti-ai rong hon viing kinh ta tt-png d i l m mihn Tmng. Co 11.000 km^. BiSn, dao co nhiing tiem nang
Attracting foreign direct investment capital for marine economic development in Quang Ngai Abstract This article analyzes the situation of FDI attraction for the development of marine economy in Quang Ngai province. Compared to the total amount of FDI capital invested in all local areas, with the investment capital for the marine economy of neighboring localities, it shows that FDI inflows for marine economic development in Quang Ngai is still modest. Based on understanding the causes, the author makes some recommendations to increase the attraction of FDI for the development of marine economy to this locality in the future. The recommendations focus on renovating investment promotion, improving the investment environment, focusing on human resource development, and promulgating incentive policies to encourage investment in accordance with the conditions of Quang Ngai province and characteristics of marine economic sectors.
Keywords- FDI, marine economy, Quang Ngai
Dung Le Nguyen Nguyen Email. [email protected]
Banking and Finance Department, University of Finance and Acountancy
Ngay nhan- 18/12/2019 Ngay nhan ban sda: 12/02/2020 Ngay duyet dang. 17/03/2020 D Hoc vien Ngan hang Tap chi Khoa hoc & Oao tao Ngan hang
— - • — 71 So 214-Thang 3. 2020
to Ion, tao ra nhieu ca hoi cho Quang Ngai phat trien kinh te bien, vai ha t4ng giao thong ket noi khu kinh te Dung Quat vai viing kinh te trgng diem mign Trung nhtr cao toe Da Nang- Quang Ngai; Cang hang khong Chu Lai ma rong... Ben canh do, khu kinh te Dung Quat va cac khu cong nghiep VSIP co lgi th6 v^ quy d4t phat trien cong nghiep tucmg doi rong va ca so ha tang dong bo ciing vai cac dich vu tien ich di kem, la nai ly tuong de cac nha dau tu CO the trien khai ngay cac du an (DA) dau tu trong ITnh vuc kinh te bien. The nhirng, doanh nghiep (DN) co von dau tu tru'c tiep nuac ngoai (FDI) quy mo lan van chua chgn Quang Ngai lam dia diem de dau tu cac du an thuoc cac nganh nghe kinh te bien nhu thuy san, van tai bien, du lich bien... Tren ca sa tim hieu nguyen nhan din den tinh trang tren, bai viet dira ra mgt so khuyen nghi nham tang cuong thu hut nguon von FDI dau tu cho phat trien kinh te bien Quang Ngai trong thai gian tai.
Theo IMF (1993), dau tu true tiep nuac ngoai dugc dinh nghia la: "Dau tu phan anh muc tieu nham dat dugc Igi ich lau dai ciia mgt to chijc so tai trong mgt nen kinh te (doanh nghiep nuac ngoai hay cong ty me) a mgt doanh nghiep dat o mgt nen kinh te khac (doanh nghiep FDI, doanh nghiep co von dau tu nuac ngoai)". iVlac khac, theo Business Dictionary (2007), von dau tu la so tien dau tu vao mgt hoat dgng kinh doanh nham muc tieu sinh lai va tao thu nhap cho nha dau tu trong tuang lai. Von dau tu la toan bg tien va tai san hgp phap khac dugc bo ra de thuc hien boat dgng dau tu trong mgt khoan thai gian nhat dinh theo hinh thuc dau tu h-uc tiep hoac dau tir gian tiep. Luat Dau tu nuac ngoai tai VietNam quy djnh: "Dau tu true tiep nuac ngoai la viec nha dau tu
nuac ngoai dua vao nuac von bang tien mat hoac bat cii tai san nao de tien hanh hoat dgng dau tu theo quy dinh ciia Luat nay".
Nhu vay, co the hi6u, FDI cho phat trien kinh te bien la bieu hien bang tien toan bg tai san va von bang tien ma nha dau tu nuac ngoai dau tu cho cac nganh nghe co lien quan nhu thuy san, van tai bien, du ljch bien, dau khi... tao di6u kien cho phat trien kinh te bien.
2. Thu hiit FDI cho phat trien kinh te bien i^tinh Quang Ngai
2.1. Cdc chinh sdch thu hiit FDI cho phdt kinh te bien
Voi lgi the duong ba bien dai ban 3.200 km. Cling vai nhieu tai nguyen thien nhien phong phii, Viet Nam c6 nhieu tiem nang ve phat trien kinh te bien. De tra thanh quoc gia manh ve bien, lam giau tir bien, dong thoi phat huy hem nua cac tiem nang ciia bien trong tuang lai, Hgi nghi Trung uong 4 (khoa X) da ban hanh Nghi quyk s6 09-NQ/TW, ngay 09/02/2007 ve "Chien luge bien Viet Nam den nam 2020". Hay tai Hgi nghi ISn thii 8 (khoa XII) da thong qua Nghi q u y ^ 36/NQ-TW ve "Chien luge phat tnen ben vimg kinh te bien Viet Nam den nam 2030, tkm nhin den nam 2045". Trien khai thyc hien cac nhiem vu, giai phap cua cac Nghi quyit nay va can cii tinh hinh thuc te, Uy ban nhan dan (UBND) tinh Quang Ngai da co nhirng chu truang, chinh sach thiic dSy phat trien kinh te bien nhu xay dung cac de an phat trien kinh te noi chung va kinh te bien noi rieng, cac nganh nghS, cac dac khu kinh te co lgi the ve tai nguyen thien nhien va ca so ha tang. Mot s6 quy6t dinh dugc ban hanh de xay dimg de an phat
7 2 Tap chi Khoa hoc & Dao tao Ngan hang- So 214- Thang 3. 2020
NGUYEN LE NGUYEN DUNG
tridn kinh tg bien tinh Quang Ngai nhu:
- Quygt dinh so 553/QD-UBND ngay 31/7/2017 vg "Phe duyet de an phat trien kinh t§ bign, dao tinh Quang Ngai den nam 2020".
- Quygt dinh s6 316/QD-UBND ngay 24/9/2015 vh "Phe duyet de an xay dung huyen dao Ly Son manh ve kinh te, virng chac ve quoc phong, an ninh den nam 2020".
Ben canh do, nham tao dieu kien thong thoang, khuyen khich cho cac doanh nghiep va nguai dan bo von dau tu phat trien kinh te xa hgi noi chung va vao cac ITnh vuc kinh te bien noi rieng, UBND tinh Quang Ngai ciing da ban hanh cac quyet dinh bao gom:
- Quygt dinh s6 36/2016/QD-UBND ngay 27/9/2016 "Quy dinh vg uu dai, ho trg va thu hiit dau tu cua tinh Quang Ngai" dg keu ggi, thu hiit cac nha dau tu thyc hien dau tu tai tinh, trong do co cac nganh nghe kinh tg bien.
- Quygt dinh s6 402/QD-UBND ngay 18/12/2015 vg "Ban hanh kg hoach phat trign kinh tg- xa hgi 5 nam 2016- 2020" cua UBND tinh Quang Ngai. Quygt dinh nay ciing trign khai cong tac xiic tien thu hiit dau tu, trong do khuyen khich cac nha dau tu nuac ngoai dau tu vao cac khu kinh tg, cac cum cong nghiep, du an cong nghe cao, cong trinh vg ha tang ky thuat, cac dy an an sinh xa hgi.
- Quygt dinh s6 1197/QD-UBND ngay 05/7/2016 "vg viec ban hanh chuong trinh hanh dgng thyc hign Nghi quygt so 35/
NQ-CP ngay 15/5/2016 cua Chinh phu vg ho trg va phat trien doanh nghiep dgn nam 2020 ciia tinh Quang Ngai".
- Quygt dinh s6 1241/QD-UBND ngay 08/7/2016 cua UBND tinh Quang Ngai
vg "phg duyet chuang trinh khoa hgc va cong nghe h5 trg doi mai thigt bj, cong nghe trong khu vyc san xuat, kinh doanh tren dia ban tinh Quang Ngai giai doan 2016- 2020 va chuang trinh phat trign tai san tri tue tinh Quang Ngai giai doan 2016- 2020", nham ho trg hoat dgng ciia cac doanh nghiep, khuygn khich cac doanh nghiep dau tu kinh doanh.
Nhin chung, cac Quyet dinh dugc ban hanh, nham thu hiit cac nguon lyc cho dau tu phat trign kinh tg cua Tinh, day manh cai each thii tyc hanh chinh, tigp tuc chi dao cac nganh, cac cap dong hanh thao ga cac kho khan, tao moi truang dau tu, kinh doanh thuan Igi nhat dg khai thac tot nhat ngi lyc va thu hut toi da ngoai lyc cho dau tu phat trien, xay dyng Quang Ngai tra thanh diem dgn tin cay, hap dan ciia cac nha dau tu.
Ciing vai d6, Chinh quygn Tinh cung da t6 chuc nhieu chuang trinh, hgi nghi dg xiic tign dau tu, voi nhigu dai dien bg nganh Trung uong, cac tap doan kinh te trong va ngoai nuac tham dy. Qua do da tang cuong t6 chiic quang ba, giai thieu va tranh thii sy h6 trg tir cac bg nganh Trung uong, dg bo sung cac co chg tao su thuan lgi nhat nham thu hiit cac nha dSu tu, 2.2. Thtrc trang thu hut FDI cho phdt triSn kinh ti bien & tinh Quang Ngai Cung vai ca chg chinh sach uu dai dau tu, ca so ha tSng d6ng bg la lgi the rigng, hap dan cac nha ddu tu qu6c tg den dau tu tai day. Do la he thdng cang bien nuac sau- cua ngo quan trgng cho xuat nhap khau hang hoa trong nuac va quoc tg. Cac ben cang chuygn dyng g5n vai cac nha may cong nghigp nang va cac cang tdng hgp da dugc khai thac, dap img tau co trgng tai tir
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50.000- 200.000 DWT. Dac biet khu kinh tg Dung Quat, voi quy mo dien tich ban dau 10.300 ha, la mgt trong 15 khu kinh te ven bien dugc Chinh phu quan tam dau tu va dugc xem la "dau tau" trong thu hut cac nha dau tu den vai Quang Ngai. Thyc tg, trong thai gian qua, nhieu nha ddu tu nuac ngoai da chgn Quang Ngai lam dja diem dg thuc hien cac du an d4u tu thuge nhieu nganh nghe khac nhau, ITnh vyc khac nhau.
Theo so lieu thong kg ciia Trung tam Xuc tien dau tu tinh Quang Ngai, FDI dkn tu vao tinh Quang Ngai luy kg dgn 30/9/2019 thyc hien uac dat 39.587 ty dong vai 64 dy an thuoc nhieu ITnh vuc khac nhau.
Trong do, chiem ty trgng nhieu nhat la cac dy an thuge ITnh vyc san xuat nhu san xuat linh kien dien tir, mat kinh, sg thep, bao bi, hanh keo, giay da.. .vai tong so von dau tu cua cac dy an nay la 19.292,9 ty dong, chiem hon 48% trong tong so von dau tu.
Dau khi, kinh doanh bat dgng san, chg
bign lam san, cong nghiep nang la nhiing ITnh vuc tiep theo thu hiit nhigu FDI hien nay; chigm ty trgng thap hon la cac ITnh vyc nhu chg bign thuy san, dich vu van tai bign, dich vu hai quan, dong goi san pham, dich vy cham soc sue khoe...
FDI dau tu cho kinh tg bign chu ygu la nhimg du an xay dyng nha may che bign thuy, hai san, van tai bign, dau khi. Cu thg, nguon von FDI cho cac nganh nghe kinh te bign tinh den thai digm thang 9/2019 nhu sau:
+ Nganh thiiy san co 2 dy an vai tong von 562,46 ty ddng.
+ Nganh van tai bien co 4 dy an vai tong von 173,08 ty dong.
+ Nganh khai thac tai nguyen bien (dau khi) CO 1 dy an voi tong von 125,20 ty dong.
3. Danh gia hoat dong thu hut von dau tu- tru-c tiep nu-dc ngoai cho phat trien kinh te bien tai Quang Ngai Bang I. Tong hop cac diJ an FDI tinh Quang Ngai tinh den thang 9/20T9
Dim VI linh: Ty dong Linh vu-c dau tu'
Ch§ bign thijy, hai san 562.41
Sua chCra tau thuyen, djch vu van tai bien
He thong kho ngam chija xang, phan phoi thiet bi dau khi, tach hoa long khi San x u i t , linh kien dien ti>, mat kinh. sgi thep, nem, bao bl, banh keo,gJay, do npi
t h i t . . 19.292,90
Kinh doanh bat dong san
Cung d p djch vu xay dung, cho thue mat b i n g , gian giao, cung cap son 79,40 D§u t u khai thac quan ly KCN VSIP, cung ciing dich vu cho khu cong nghiep VSIP 4.984,00
C h ^ bi&n lam san 3.289,80
Sua chOa bao duong va sx thi§t bi cong nghiep, cong nghiep nang 1.385,25 Dich vu hai quan, dong goi san pham, giao nhan hang hoa.. 197.42
Khu dich vu cham soc sire khoe, nghi d u o n g . . 2,40
Tong 39.587,00 Nguon. Trung ldm Xiic lien ddu lie- Sa Ke hoach vd Ddu lu tinh Qudng Ngai
7 4 Tap chi Khoa hoc & Bao tao Ngan hang- So 214- Thang 3. 2020
NGUYEN LE NGUYEN DUNG
Bang 2. Kit qua huy flong v6n FDI cho kinh tS bi6n tfnh Quang Ngai tinh ain thang 9/2019 Ban Vj linh- Ty ddng
Cong ty
1. Cong ty TNHH HTV Gallant Dachan Seafood
2. Cong ty TNHH Flowserve Viet Nam 3. Cong ty TNHH Cong nghiep thuc pham Liwayway Quang Ngai
4 Congty TNHH Vinstar Engineering Sen/ices PTE.LTD
5 Cong ty TNHH ARAMIS Development Viet Nam
6 Cong ty TNHH Kho ngam chiia xang dau D i u khi Viet Nam
7. Cong ty TNHH Kwang Jin Viet Nam Tong
Von dSu t u ban d i u
156,70 8,00 297,64 130,40 6,30 59,20 28.38 686,62
V6n d i u t u luy kg d4n thang 9/2019
156,70 8,00 405.76 130,40 6,30 125,20 28,38 860,74
Ben nuoc ngoai Dai Loan Singapore Philippines Singapore H6ng Kong Han Qu6c Han Qu6c
Nganh n g h i Thuy san Van tai bien Thuy san Van tai bien Van tai bien Dau khi Van tai bien
Ngudn: Trung ldm xiic lien ddu lir- Sa Ke hoach vd Ddu lu linh Qudng Ngdi 3.1. Nhung dong gop tich cvc
Theo "Bao cao kinh tg vT mo quy 1/2019"
ciia Vien Nghign ciai Quan ly Kinh te Trung uong (CIEM), thi FDI da c6 nhirng tac dgng tich eye, dong gop vao su phat tngn kinh tg ciia dia phuang noi chung va phat trien kinh tg bign noi rigng. Dac biet la trong viec bo sung nguon v6n cho dSu tu phat trign, g6p phan duy tri nhip do tang trudng kinh tg, day manh xu4t khAu. Cu thg miic dong gop ciia khu vyc FDI trong GDP ca nudc nam 2017 la 19,6%, mirc dong gop ciia doanh nghiep FDI la 23,5%
t6ng v6n dau tu toan xa hgi. Nha vao nguon von FDI, nguai lao dgng dugc tang thgm thu nhap, hem niia lai timg buac nang cao tay nghg, dpi ngu can bg quan ly dugc nang cao ve kien thiic, kinh nghiem quan Iy... Dat dugc kgt qua tren la do ca chg chinh sach thu hiit FDI thong thoang, minh bach, dia phuang da kip thai digu chinh, b6 sung va ban hanh danh muc ggi v6n FDI phu
hgp vai tinh hinh thyc te, ciing vai viec tich eye tuygn truyen, tiep thi va quang ba hinh anh, mdi truang va ca hgi dau tu. Mac khac, cac dia phuang da to chiic, tham gia cac hgi nghi, hgi thao xiic tien, van dgng dau tu, dong thai to chuc dao tao, nang cao nghiep vy cho dgi ngii can bg lam cong tac xiic tign dau tu.
3.2. Nhirng han che
Ben canh nhirng thanh qua trong viec thu hilt v6n FDI cua Quang Ngai nhu trgn, thi_
] viec thu hut v6n FDI cho phat trign kinh tg Hinh 1. C o cau FDI dau tir theo nganh nghg kinh te bien Quang Ngai tinh den thang 9/2020
•Tliuy san H Van tai bien
• Dau klii Ngudn. Tnmg ldm xuc tidn ddu tir- Sd Ki hoach vd ddu tu
linh Qudng Ngdi vd linh loan cua ldc gid
So 214- Thang 3, 2020- Tap chi Khoa hoc & Dao tao Ngan hang
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bign a Quang Ngai hien nay co nhirng han chg sau:
- Ve ty trgng von: Quang Ngai co vj tri chign luge trong viing kinh tg trgng digm mien Trung, dong thai sa hiru nhigu lgi thg rigng biet de phat trign kinh tg noi chung va kinh tg bien noi rigng, thg nhun, lugng von FDI chay vao khu vuc nay van con kha thap, chua tuong xung vdi tigm nang cua tinh nha. Ty trgng von FDI dau tu cho phat trign kinh tg bien van cdn it, theo so lieu ciia Trung tam Xire tign dau tu tinh Quang Ngai, tinh dgn thang 9/2019, toan Tinh co 64 dy an vai so von thuc hien dat 39.587 ty dong, thi chi co 7 dy an dau tu vao kinh tg bign vdi cac nganh thuy san, van tai bign va dau khi, tong von dau tu 860,74 ty dong, chi chigm 2 , 1 % so vdi tong lugng von FDI toan tinh.
- Vg quy mo von: LTnh vyc kinh te bien cua tinh Quang Ngai chua thu hiit dugc nhigu du an Idn vg quy mo kinh tg, ciing nhu cac dy an FD! cong nghe cao. Trong khi do, a nhiing thanh pho khac da co nhung dy an FDI cho san xuat nong nghiep thong minh, nong nghiep ung dung cong nghe cao. Bgn canh do, theo Cue Dau tu nudc ngoai (Bg Kg hoach va Dau tu) thi Quang Nam la mgt dia phuang lan can, nhung hien da thu hiit dugc nhieu dy an vai quy mo Idn, dign hinh la dy an khu nghT duang Nam Hgi An ciia Cong ty Genting VinaCapital Investment Pte.Ltd, Singapore. Day cung la dy an lan nhat cua viing, cirng nhu ciia tinh Quang Nam, tinh dgn thdi diem hien nay vai tong von dau tu len dgn 4 ty USD. Da Nang cung da thu hut dugc nhiing dy an FDI thuge ITnh vyc du lich bien vdi so von dau tu Idn nhu dy an md rgng Khu du lich Xuan Thieu, tong vdn d4u tu 100 trieu USD, vai chu dau tu dy an la Cong ty CP Mikazuki (Nhat).
- Vg doi tac dau tu: Nha dau Ur vao kinh tg bign Quang Ngai chu yeu den tir cac nudc Han Quoc, Singapore, Hong Kong, ma chua thu hiit dugc cac nha dau tu dgn tir Chau Au, Chau My- nhirng nha dau tu co ngudn von Idn va cong nghe cao.
g, 3.3. Nguyen nhdn cua h^n che Nhiing kho khan trong viec thu hiit von dau tu cho phat trign kinh te bien Quang Ngai xuat phat tir nhigu yeu to khac nhau, trong do mgt so nguyen nhan chinh sau' - Quang Ngai la tinh chiu anh huong cua khi hau nhiet ddi gid miia, hang nam co hai miia mua, nang ro ret. Lugng mua d day Ion, cac con song ciia viing lai ngan, do doc cao ngn khi mua Idn dg gay Iii lut, sat Id. Mua mua bao hang nam thudng cd 3 dgn 4 can bao vdi cudng do manh do bg lam anh hudng khdng nho dgn viec on dinh ddi song va san xuat ciia ngudi dan, doanh nghiep trong tinh. Dja hinh va khi hau tuong doi khac nghiet ciia dja phuang lam khdng it nha dau tu phai ban khoan, e ngai. Dieu nay cang gay trd ngai cho nha dau tu khi ma kinh tg bien la mgt ITnh vyc CO nhieu nii ro, chju nhigu tac dgng ciia thien nhign, nhat la cac nganh nuoi trong thiiy san, van tai bign...
- Neu xet ve kgt cau ha tang thi Quang Ngai cung tuong doi kha nhu cd cang bign, dudng quoc lg, duong sat, dudng day dien 500 kv... nhung cang bign quy md nhd, dudng sat va dudng bg chat lugng con thSp, luu thong con nhigu khd khan, dac biet la hien nay Quang Ngai chua cd san bay. Ngudi dan trong tinh muon di chuygn bang dudng hang khong thi phai dgn san bay Chu Lai (Quang Nam) hoac Da Nang, day la mgt trong nhirng bat lgi ciia Quang Ngai hien nay. Nhirng ygu td nay lam cho
7 6 Tap chi Khoa hoc & Dao tao Ngan hang- So 214- Thang 3. 2020
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chi phi dau tu kha cao, dac biet la chi phi van tai. Trong khi do, dieu quan trgng ddi vdi cac chil thg dSu tu FDI la vg chi phi dau tu so vdi dSu tu d trong nudc cua hg hoac diu tu d nhirng khu vyc khac.
- Digu kien kinh tg- xa hgi cua Tinh cd nhirng khd khan nhat djnh, do la ddi song cua ngirdi dan tuy da dugc cai thien nhigu so vdi trudc day, nhung nhin chung, siic mua van con thap, thj truong nhd hep, phan tan theo lanh thd. Cac doanh nghiep tren dia ban hau het quy mo con nho, cdng nghe lac hau ngn cac nha dau tu rat khd chgn cho minh nhirng ddi tac tuang xung. Vi vay, nha dau tu nudc ngoai thudng cd tam ly thich dau tu d viing kinh tg trgng diem Bac Bg va kinh tg trgng digm phia Nam. Cu thg, theo sd lieu ciia Tong cue Thong ke (2019), cd khoang 27,7% von FDI dang ky tai vung dong bang Song Hong, 42,4% dang ky tai vimg Ddng Nam Bg.
- Phan Idn lao dgng tai dia phuong hoac la chua qua dao tao, hoac la da dugc dao tao nhung khong dii cac ky nang cm thigt.
Vi vay, khi trign khai cac dy an FDI huge nha dau tu phai dao tao Iai. Nhat la trong boi canh cugc each mang cong nghiep 4.0 dang dien ra sau rgng d tit ca cac ITnh vyc va kinh tg bign ciing khdng thg loai trir, thi dot hdi ngudi lao dgng phai dugc trang bi tdt cac ky nang cong nghe thdng tin, internet. . dg cd thg dieu khign dugc may moc, thiet bj, va van hanh san xuat.
- Trong thdi gian qua, chinh sach ma Tinh ban hanh kha cy thg, cd chinh sach rieng cho khu kinh tg Dung Quit, cd chinh sach cho cac khu cdng nghiep ciia Tinh. Cdng tac quan iy co kinh nghiem hon, nang dgng hon. Tuy vay, Tinh vin chua that sy hap dSn nha dau tu nuac ngoai do chinh sach thu hiit FDI chua tao dugc net rigng,
chua cd chgn Igc dy an phii hgp dd khai thac dugc Igi thg cua dia phuang nhu cd cang bign, cd nha may Igc diu Dung Quit, cd nhieu tigm nang kinh tg bign... Cac ca quan hun quan can bam vao chign luge, quy hoach chung cua Trung uong va cua Tinh, dac biet la dya vao Dg an phat trign kinh te bien ciia Tinh dg djnh hudng cho nha dau tu quyet dinh dau tu phii hgp vdi muc tigu de ra.
- Cac chinh sach im dai thu hiit dau tu cdn phiic tap, chdng cheo, nam rai rac d nhigu van ban phap luat khac nhau. Cac thii tyc dg dugc nhan uu dai chua minh bach, van cdn ca che xin cho, mgt sd chinh sach uu dai dugc ban hanh nhimg khdng cd quy dinh vg digu kign va thu hic dg dugc hudng uu dai. Dieu nay dan dgn tinh trang doanh nghigp khd khan trong viec xin xac nhan ddi tugng huong uu dai. Hon nira, cac chinh sach uu dai hien nay dugc ap dung cho toan bg cac tinh thanh, chua dua tren lgi thg canh tranh, dac thii cua moi dja phuang. Hoac chua cd uu dai cho nha dau tu khi diu tu vao ITnh vyc kinh tg bien, mgt ITnh vyc chju nhigu nii ro. Digu nay gay bit lgi cho Quang Ngai, mdt tinh cd nhieu tigm nang phat trign kinh tg ndi chung va kinh te bign ndi rieng nhung lai gap nhimg kho khan nhit djnh nhu vg ca sd ha ting, ngudn nhan lyc, vg thj trudng...
4. Mot s6 khuyen nghi nham tang cudng thu hiit FDI cho phat trik kinh tg biin Quang Ngai
Tren ca sd thuc trang va nhirng nguyen nhan neu trgn, tac gia dua ra mgt sd khuygn nghj nhim gdp phin thu hut vdn diu tu cho phat trign kinh tg bidn tinh Quang Ngai nhu sau:
DSi m&i cong tdc xuc tiin dau tir: Trong
So 214- Thang 3, 2020- Tap chi Khoa hoc & Oao tao Ngan hang 7 7
nhirng nam qua, cimg vdi tang cudng td chuc quang ba, gidi thieu va tranh thii sy hd trg tic cac bd nganh trung uong; tinh Quang Ngai da ra soat de sua ddi, bd sung ca chg nham thu hiit va tao sy thuan lgi nhat cho cac nha dau tu. Dg nim bit tinh hinh va kjp thdi thao ga vudng mic va khd khan cho cac nha dau tu, tinh cung da td chuc budi ca phe vdi doanh nhan 1 lin/
thang; djnh ky it nhat 2 lin/nam dg gap gd, ddi thoai vdi doanh nghiep, quang ba hinh anh va thg manh ciia dja phuong tao sire hut va co hdi dau tu. Nhd vao trien khai tich eye cac bien phap thu hut dau tu ndi tren ma FDI vao Quang Ngai cd nhigu kha quan. Thg nhung, ty trgng cac dy an FDI thudc ITnh vyc kinh tg bien nhu chg bign thuy san, sua chira tau thuyen van cdn Prong ddi thap, cac nganh nghe khac nhu san xuat linh kien dien tir, kinh doanh bat ddng san... lai chigm ty le cao hem.
Ly do la cac chuong trinh dugc td chuc de thu hiit FDI vao cac dy an d tat ca cac nganh nghg, chua cd digm khac biet nham khuygn khich cac dy an FDI vao cac ITnh vyc thiiy san, van tai bign... trong khi Quang Ngai la dja phuang cd nhigu Igi thg va tigm nang dg phat cac nganh nghg nay nhieu ban ca. Vi vay, ddi mdi cdng tac xuc tign dau tu la mdt trong nhirng ygu td gdp phan thu hut FDI cho phat trign kinh tg bien. Dg lam dugc dieu dd Tinh can tang cudng gidi thieu, quang ba hinh anh, tiem nang phat trien kinh tg bign cua dja phuang, gidi thieu Igi thg ndi trdi cua Quang Ngai so vdi cac dja phucmg khac, chu trgng vao cac nganh nghg thuge ITnh vyc kinh tg bien nhu thuy san, van tai bien, du Ijch bign... Bgn canhdd, can thigt lap cac dy an uu tien thu hiit vdn FDI, dac biet la cac dy an thuge cac nganh nghg kinh te bien dg lya chgn cac ddi tac dau tu mgt each khoa hgc, chinh xac, dung nang lyc, sd trudng ciia nha dau tu. Ddng thdi.
Chinh quyen dia phuang can xac djnh ddi tugng can van dgng xuc tign dau tu can cu vao tigm nang ngudn lyc, muc tieu, dinh hudng phat trign KT- XH ndi chung, dg an phat trien kinh tg bign ciia Quang Ngai ndi rigng. Lya chgn cac nha dau tu cd tiem lyc vg vdn, cdng nghe, bdi ngu nhu lya chgn ddi tac khong dung vdi thyc lyc vg tai chinh, chuygn mdn, ky thuat, cdng nghe va dia vi phap Iy cua hg thi se dan dgn tinh trang ban, chuyen nhugng dy an hoac xay dyng dd dang, tign do dy an keo dai gay lang phi tign va anh hudng den tang trudng kinh te cua dia phuang.
Cdi thien moi trir&ng dau tir bao gom hoan thien ca sd hg tang va thu tuc hdnh chinh: Can phat huy va tan dung mgi ngudn lyc san cd ciia dia phuong. Xay dyng mdi di ddi vdi nang cap, cai tao toan bd he thdng kgt cau ha tang dd thj, ha tang trong va ngoai cac khu kinh tg, eym cdng nghiep, ca sd ha tang dan dat vao cac khu du lich bign. Nang cap cac cdng trinh cang bign, xay dung san bay, dam bao he thdng dudng bg, dudng sat thdng sudt, gan kgt giira Quang Ngai vdi cac dia phucmg khac trong khu vyc va ca nudc. Phat trign cac khu kinh te, cum cong nghiep lam trung tam thu hut dau tu nudc ngoai.
Thyc hien quan ly vdn dau tu theo nguygn tac mgt cua, tranh gay phign ha, lam nha dau tu phai "go cira" timg nganh khi lam nhirng thii tuc dau tu hoac lign he giai quygt cdng viec.
Chu trong cong tdc phdt triin ngudn nhan luc phuc vu true tiep cho cdc ngdnh nghe kinh te bien, nhdm thu hut dau tir, dac biet la ngudn nhan lyc chit lugng cao trgn ca hai phucmg dien nhan lyc lanh dao, quan ly digu hanh va nhan lyc lao ddng, chuyen mdn ky thuat. Trang
7 8 Tap chi Khoa hoc & Dao tao Ngan hang- So 214- Thang 3. 2020
NGUYEN LE NGUYEN DUNG
bj cho ngudi lao ddng nhihig ky nang dap ling ygu cau ciia Cach mang cdng nghiep 4.0 nhu ky nang tin hgc, ngoai ngir va cd kha nang thich ung vdi mdi trudng lam viec ciia cac cdng ty, tap doan nudc ngoai.
Chinh quygn dja phuong can cd sy ho trg, cd kg hoach dao tao mgt each thudng xuygn, lien tuc, dat biet chii trgng can bg tryc rigp tham gia, dan dat cac dy an FDI.
Ngudi lao dgng trong cac ITnh vyc kinh tg bign can dugc trang bj kign thirc chuygn mdn, cd tay nghg cao, am higu chuygn sau vg ITnh vyc hoat dgng. Cd nhu vay, mdi tao su an tam va tao ngn sire thuygt phuc ddi vdi nha dau tu nudc ngoai khi chgn dau tu vao ITnh vyc kinh te bign cua dia phuong.
Ban hdnh vd thuv hien cdc chinh sdch iru ddi khuyen khich ddu tuphii hffp v&i dieu kien cua Tinh vd phit hffp v&i dac thu cdc ngdnh kinh te bien. Mac du Luat Dau tu va he thdng chinh sach khuyen khich dau tu qua nhigu lan sira ddi, bd sung, hoan thien va khac phyc dugc phan nao cac han chg, vudng mac, tao dieu kien thuan lgi, minh bach, binh dang cho cac nha dau tu trong va ngoai nudc. Song trong thyc tg d viing nay, dia phuang kia lai cd cac digu kien khac nhau ngn hieu qua dau tu cung khac nhau. Cung nhu
vay, cac ITnh vyc, nganh nghe, quy md khac nhau thi hieu qua dau tu ciing khac nhau. Xuat phat tir dac digm khd khan cua Quang Ngai nhu dieu kien thdi tigt khac nghiet, thj trudng cdn nhigu han chg, ca sd ha tang cdn nhieu ygu kem va tir nhirng dac thii ciia ITnh vyc kinh tg bign nhu rui ro cao, chju anh hudng Idn bdi thien nhign, can cd nhijng uu dai rieng, tao dieu kien cho doanh nghiep, cac chii thg lam kinh tg bign san xuat kinh doanh, cd nhu vay nha dau tu nudc ngoai mdi an tam dau tu vao ITnh vyc kinh tg bien cua dia phucmg.
Tinh ngn dua cac dy an FDI trong ITnh vyc kinh tg bign vao dien dac biet khuygn khich dau tu va dp dung bien phap uu dai dau tu qua cac hinh thirc nhu mign, giam thue thu nhap DN, thug xuat nhap khau;
mign, giam tien thug dat va cac hinh thirc uu dai tai chinh khac nhu hd trg vay vdn tin dung ngan hang cho dy an FDI. Cd chinh sach hd trg cac DN FDI khi bj tdn that vi thien tai, djch benh, hi riii ro ve bign dgng gia thi trudng thiiy- hai san. Hd trg dau tu xay dung ket cau ha tang nham tang nang lyc phdng chdng thign tai, han chg riii ro djch benh, bign dgng gia thiiy san... •
Tai lieu tham khao
1 CIEM. Bo ki hoach vd Dau Tu (2019), "Bdo cdo hnh te vl mo quy 1/2019 "
2- Cue ddu tu- nudc ngodi. Bo Ke hoach & Ddu lie (2016). "Tinh hinh thu hut dau lu mr&c ngodi 11 thdng ddu ndm 2016".
3. Cue Ddu tuniedc ngodi. Bo KS hoach & Ddu tu (2016). Bdo cdo ddu tir -Vimg kinh te trong diem mien Trung-thitc trgng vd mot so gidi phdp thu hut FDI".
4 Dd Vdn Tinh (2013). 'Thu hut von ddu lu true tiip nudc ngoai vdo viing kmh te Irong diem mien Irung". Tap chi Nghien cim kinh ti s6 424, thdng 9/2013
5 Dmh Trong Thdng, Trdn Tiin Dung (2019). "Thuc trgng chinh sdch uu dai thu hiil FDI vdo Viel Nam hien nay ", Tap chi Tdi chinh, so thdng 5/2019
6. Le Quynh Nhu (2019). "Chinh .idch thu hut FDI the he m&i vd mot .id vdn di ddt ra doi vdi Viet Nam ". Tap chi Tdi chinh, .^6 Ihdng 3/2019
7. Le Thi Thanh Thiiy (2013), "Cong tdc qudn ly nhd nu&c ddi vdi ddu lu tryc tiip nu&c ngodi & tinh Qudng Ngdi ", Tap chi Khoa hoc xd hoi mien Trung. so 6 (26) ndm 2013
8. Nguyin Thi Thoa, Tran Thi Thdi (2016), "Tdc dong ciia FDI din hnh li. xd hgi vd moi trudng ihdnh phd Dd
So 214- Thang 3, 2020- Tap chi Khoa hoc & Dao tao Ngan hang 7 9
Ndng". Tap chi Khoa hoc xa hgi mien Trung, so 2 (40)- 2016.
9. Ngo Trdn Tudi (2017), "Xu hu&ng cua ddu tu true tiip nu&c ngodi vd gidi plidp de liiu hill vdo vung kinh te trgng diem mien Trung ", Tap chi Khoa hgc xd hgi mien Trung, so 2 (46)- 2017.
10 Nguyen Xudn Thien (2015), "Tdng cu&ng lien kel vung kinh te irong diim trung bg de thu hiit nguon vdn FDI cho phdi tnen ngdnh Du hch". Tgp chi Nghien cuu Dong Nam A, so thdng 7 ndm 2015
11. Nguyin Thi Thu Hdng (2019), "Gidi phdp thu hut FDI vdo Viel Nam Irong Ih&i gian l&i". Tgp chi Kinh te vd Du bdo. sd thdng 3/2019.
12. Pham Thien Hodng (2019). "Tdm quan Irong ciia khu vuc FDI ddi v&i phdt tnin hnh ti- .xd hoi Viet Nam ". Tap chlTdichinh, so ihdng 5/2019.
13. Tong cue thong Ke, Nien gidm thong ke Viel Nam ndm 2019.
14 Website- http //ww^v.quangngai.gov.vn/sokhdl/Pages/home.aspx. hltp//www danang.gov vn.fia inpi gov.vn.
tiep theo trang 43
kien cho nhan vien kg toan dugc hgc tap, cap nhat va nang cao kien kign thirc.
- Ban Giam ddc va Ban Quan ly DN can nang cao nhan thuc va tich cue tham gia vao qua trinh thyc hien IR.
- Dau tu ca sd ha tang vg he thdng thdng tin trong VIDMC, dac biet la may mdc thiet bj va ngn tang cdng nghe thdng tin, trign khai cac phan mem quan ly trong toan DN.
- Nha nudc xay dyng he thdng van ban phap ly vg lap, trinh bay va cdng bd IR ddi vdi SOE va cac hudng dan cy thg kem theo.
- Nghien ciru trign khai quy dinh vg kiem toan va xay dyng quy trinh va phuang phap kigm toan ddi vdi IR. •
8 0 Tap chi Khoa hoc & Oao tao Ngan hang- Sd 214- Thang 3. 2020