ti-o-d.a 10
NGHIEN CU'U - TRAO DOI * NGHIEN CLfU - TRAO DOI Nhan ky niem 95 nam (19-18-2013) ngay sinh thi si Nguyin Binh
KY NHAN DAT THIEN BAN LUC KY
T
ir xua d huyen Thien Ban (nay la Vy Ban) cd luu truyen trong dan gian sau chuyen ky Ig vdi ten gpi la: "Thien Ban lyc ky". Thien Ban luc ky la chuypn truyen khau ke ve sau ky nhan ciia viing que dia linh nhan kiet nay (khi dugc ngudi sau ghi chep lgi da cd di ban trong Idi ke, nhung cdt chuyen thi khdng thay doi).Dat Thien Ban bi trieu Nguyen doi thanh Vy Ban, nhung sang TK. XX, day van la viing dia linh nhan kiet. Dudi ngpn cd ciia Dang, dat dia Iinh Thien Ban da xuat hien nhung nhan kipt. Dd la nhijng danh nhan van hda dugc nha nudc trao tang giai thudng Hd Chi Minh nhu: nha sir hpc Tran Huy Lieu que Van Cat xa Kim Thai. La mpt yeu nhan ciia Viet Nam qudc dan dang vao tii, tiep xiic vdi nhiing ngudi cdng san, dugc giac ngd chu nghia Mac - Le, dng trd thanh dang vien cpng san. Khi Qudc dan dgi hgi hpp d Tan Trao, dng dugc cir lam Phd Chii tich Chinh phii each mang lam thdi, dng la ngudi khdi thao Quan lenh khdi nghTa sd 1 ciia Cach mgng Thang tam. Nhgc sT Van Cao que xa Lien Minh sang tac Tien quan ca dugc Qudc hpi khda dau tien (1946) chpn lam Qudc ca cua nha nudc each mang Viet Nam. Va tiep den la nha tha Nguyen Binh que lang Thien Vinh nay thugc xa Cgng Hda dugc trao giai thudng Hd Chi Minh. Ba danh nhan nay
HOANG NGUYEN dling la ba ky nhan cua dia Iinh Thien Ban lyc ky xua, Vy Ban nay.
Nhan dip ky niem 95 nam ngay sinh (1918-2013) ciia nha tho Nguyen Binh, trong suy ngam tdi thay Nguyen Binh qua la mpt ky nhan ciia dat dia Iinh nhan kipt, bdi tho dng ky tai, tinh tho ky thu, sdng ddi ngheo ky la.
1 - Tho ky fai: Nguyen Binh sinh ra va Idn len trong thdi ky dat nudc cd nhieu bien ddng xa hpi, cd budc phat trien ve van hpc ndi chung, tho ndi rieng. Phong trao tho mdi da xda bd nhiing rao can ve niem lugt cung nhiing quan niem khat khe trong tho de thi ca phat trien. Nguyen Binh la mpt thi sTtieu bieu cho sy dpc dao gan giii than thuong ciia thi ca dan tpc.
Tai tha ciia Nguyen Binh the hipn d cho dng Iam tho mdi khdng gidng vdi bat cii mpt nha tho mdi duong thdi nao, khdng chiu anh hudng ciia trao luu Au hda. Khi ay cd ngudi bao tho Nguyen Binh la tho nha que. The ma tha nha que ay Igi khdng chi cd dan que yeu thich, ma ddng dao cac tung Idp thi dan (cdng chirc, hpc sinh, tieu thuong...) ciing rat yeu thich. Nha phe binh Hoai Thanh dua ra nhgn xet: Tho Nguyen Binh da ddnh thirc ngudi nha que van dn ndu trong moi chiing ta. Vi the ngudi dpc tho dng ludn cam thay tham dgm tinh que huong. Trudc
18 - TS2/2013 Thgng tin Khoa hgc Cong ngh? Nam Dinh
NGHIEN C L J U - TRAO DOI * NGHIEN CLfU - TRAO DOI each mgng 1945 nha tho cd bao nhieu mat
mat: mat nudc, mat mp, tha que, sdng long dong vat va. Nhung khd ma tim thay trong tho dng su han hpc, ren ri bi ai, ta chi thay nhimg moi tinh khi tho mdng, liic trac trd chim dam trong xa hpi thuc dan phong kien.
Dgc tho dng ludn cam thay su yeu thuang gan gui. Ngudi ta tim dpc, bdi tho Nguyen Binh mang hon que, nd tudng nhu don so, mgc mac, nhung thanh tao, tham dgm tinh ngudi, tinh que huong ban quan. Tho dng nhp nhang, gan giii phang phat nhu ca dao, nhu ldi ru cua mp ben canh vong trua he.
Ldi tho dng dpp mupt ma, uyen chuyen nhu dang ngudi thdn nu. Tho Nguyen Binh tinh va nghia dipu dang hda quypn, ngao nggt nhu huang dong gid npi, dao dgt nhimg am thanh noi liiy tre, bd dgu:
Nha nang d cgnh nha tdi
Cach nhau cai dgu mong toi xanh rdn Hai ngudi song giira cd don Nang nhu cung cd noi buon giong tdi Gia dirng cd dgu mong toi The nao tdi cung sang choi tham nang Su tai tinh da xuat hipn trong tha Nguyen Binh khi dng 13 tuoi (1931). Trong mpt cugc thi hat trong quan dau xuan cua lang Thipn Vinh, Nguyen Trpng Binh (Nguyen Binh) da gigt dupc giai nhat. Cdn ngudi dogt giai nhi la mpt lao ba (Nguyen Thi Chanh) da ngogi that tuan, dau tdc bgc pho. Cau hdt dap rat hay trong Idi tho hat trong quan ciia Nguyen Binh trong hpi thi ngay ay den nay van cdn nhieu ngudi thugc:
..."Anh do em nay:
Lang ta chtra vcr mdy ngum?
Chua chong mdy d em thai biet khong?
Bo ai di khdp Tdy Dong
Ldm sao kiim duac tdm chdng nhu chimg anh day I
Ldm sao nhu ruau mai say
Nhugidngm&i moc, nhu cdy mai trong?
Ldm sao nhu va nhu chong Ldm sao cho thoa md hong rdng den Ldm sao cho to han den
Ldm sao cho bUt gdn nghien suot ddi Ldm sao? anh khen em tdi Ldm sao! em dap mot ldi ldm sao... ?"
Trong thdi gian ngan ngui, ma cau be Nguyen Trpng Binh da dat dugc cau hat do trdng quan trii tinh tha mpng dua ben kia vao the rat khd tra ldi, lam ben nir khdng the hat ddi dugc, danh chap thuan thua cupc.
Tho Nguyen Binh trudc 1945 da nhgn giai van hpc cua Tu luc van doan (tap Tam hon toi). Giai nhat truypn ngan ciia bao Thanh nien Ddng Phap (truypn Khong dat cam dui), Giai nhat thi truypn tho dai - van hpc Nam Xuyen (truypn tha Ty ba hanh)...
Sau 1945 tha Nguyen Binh la vii khi dau tranh each mgng, ciing vdi nhieu bai tha khac, bai tho tieu doan 307 da dugc pho nhgc, trd thanh bai ca chieu dau theo budc chan cac chien sT trong hai cupc khang chien chdng Phap, chong My. Tai tho cua dng cdn d cho ai da nghe tho dng, dpc tho dng deu cd su dong cam than thuong. Rit nhieu ngudi khdng ke d thanh thi hay d thdn que da thugc tho Nguyen Binh. Cho dii cd liic, neu dpc tho Nguyen Binh cd the bi lien lyy, quy ket (dii Nguyen Binh khdng trong nhdm Nhan van giai pham), rdi chinh nhirng ngudi hay soi mdt lgi ludn tim den tho dng, thupc tho dng.
Lam tho dugc nhu the mdi thgt la ky tai.
2 - Tmh tho ky thii. Thg tinh Nguyen Binh thgt ky thu. Tinh trong tho Nguyen
ThOng tin Khoa hgc Cong ngh? Nam Dinh TS2/2013 - 19
NGHIEN CLfu - TRAO DOI * NGHIEN CLfU - TRAO DOI
Binh la tinh cam chan that cua dng vdi que huong, xdm lang, vg con, bgn be da trd thanh hinh anh, va nhan vat van hpc. Tha tinh Nguyen Binh dugc nhieu ngudi tim dpc bdi tinh mgc mgc, te nhi Igi tham dugm tinh cam A Ddng. Tho tinh Nguyen Binh bieu hien tinh cam theo nhieu cung bgc: thuang nhd, mong dgi, tuang tu, hdn tiii, trach mdc xdt xa, Ii biet, cd luc hanh phuc mong manh, khi thi that tinh tan vd, nen de di vao tam hon ngudi dpc:
Thdn Doai thi nhd thdn Ddng Mpt ngudi chin nhd mudi mong mgt ngudi Tho Nguyen Binh hay ndi den mdi tinh don phuong, vi the nd la tieng dong vpng cua nhiing tam hdn khao khat yeu thuong, thgt dang thuang khdng dang trach:
Tam hon tdi la mpt binh rugu nhd Rdt lan lan gipt mai xudng nang Oanh Khdng xua tay nang van cii vd tinh Hat ly rugu hdn tdi qua cira so Dpc tho Nguyen Binh ludn nhan thay mpt dieu tudng nhu xua cu bdi tinh trong tho cua dng khdng dn ao, dii dpi, chi la sy chan thgt thiet tha vdi nhiing than phgn mdng manh, dang dd (La budc sang ngang, Cd gai vudn Thanh, Vieng hdn trinh nii...) va nhirng chang trai si tinh don phuang (Bdng giai nhan, Anh lai dd sdng Vi, Cd hai mo..) da Iam nen su ky thii trong tam hdn ngudi dpc.
3- Ngheo ky la: Cd the ndi Nguyen Binh la nha tho - ngheo ky Ig. Ngudi ngheo tat khdng cd tai san vgt chat gi dang gia, Nha tho khi budc chan ra khdi que nha vdi hai ban tay trang, khi trd ve dii da noi danh van chi vdi hai ban tay khdng. Can nha dng song llic cuoi ddi la do ba con dan lang dyng cho.
Canh ngheo ludn bam lay nha tho, vi vgy dng ludn ta tiic d nha bgn be (hay d nha trp).
Du cd llic (1943) cd ngudi (bac sT Tuoi) da tang dng mdn tien 700 dong Ddng Duong, ma llic ay Bao Dinh Giang mgt nam ch!
tieu ton tien com ven vgn cd 36 dong. Nha tho ngheo phai chang dng la mgt trong so rat hiem nha tho chi sdng bang nhuan biit.
Mgc dii (1945) cd bai tho cua dng dugc Te Xuyen chu biit td Dan bao tra tdi 80 dong, bang tien luong mgt thang ciia vien quan tri huyen duong thdi. Nha tho khdng luc nao tinh den chuyen ngheo, ma ludn tinh chuyen du ngogn (nhieu ngudi ban cho rang dng co tinh giang ho). Thyc sy dng da trd thanh nha tho giang hd, sdng canh an nhd d dgu, nay day mai dd khap Bac - Trung - Nam. Khi rdi Ha Npi ve que la liic dng khdng dii siic nuoi noi dira con dut rupt de ra (theo Td Hoai).
Chiing ta chua thay mdt nha tho cd nhieu sang tac noi tieng Igi ngheo nhu Nguyen Binh. Song thi long dong chim noi, chet con nggm ngiii uan khiic:
Long dong kiep song ciing danh Gian nan ca Iiic da thanh ngudi xua Mpt lan chet bdn Ian dua Tdc tang may dp cho vira van nhan
(tha Nguyin The Vmh) Nguyen Binh qua la ky nhan theo ca nghia thyc va nghta van chuang, nghia chan va nghia ao. Ong la mpt nha tha mdi tieu bieu. Ong da thoi vao trang tho nhung canh sac than quen cua lang que Vipt Nam mgt hon tho thdi dai. Khdng tuyen bo on ao nhung "Chan quS^ chinh la nguon cam hirng doi dao vd tgn va la siic mgnh ciia nha tha. Tho dng phan anh dugc ban sac van hda lang thdn ciia dan tpc Vipt ben luy tre xanh vdi nhiing gi ludn cd sSn trong con tim, khoi dc ciia ngudi dan Vipt./.
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