NHOING VAN Bi CHUNG li UCH Sljf DANG
3
PHONG TRAO DONG DU
NHIN Tir GOC DO DAO TAO Dpi NGO CAN BQ THGfl KYVAN DONG THANH LAP DANG
PGS, TS P H A M XANH Dgi HQC Qudi gia Hd Sgi
Dau the ky XX, khi Nhat Bin khai chien va chien t h i n g Nga Sa hoang, Nhat B i n tfUtfc ton vinh la
"anh Ci da vang" va trd thanh doi tucmg hoc tap va cay nhcr cua cac nudc chau A, trong do co Viet Nam.
Cuong linh cua Hoi Duy Tan nam 1904 xac dinh Nhat Ban la doi ttfong lien minh va cvr Phan Bpi Chau bi mat sang Nhat clu vien. Khong thanh cong theo hUomg do, Phan Bpi Chau nhanh chong diuyen sang cau hpc (sang Nhat hpc), lam nen t i n g cho chan dan khi, khai dan tri, chuan bi nhan tai cho tUOng lai dat nudc.
1 . Phong trao Dong du ra dcri
Phan Bpi CMu ma d^u phong trao bing \ an ki?n Khuyen quoc dan tutrgdu hgc van, trong do k h ^ g dinh: "hien nay khong co ke gj hay bfing xuat dirong du hpc'"'. keu gpi cung nhau lap hpi giup da ngucri du hpc: "nhom nguoi lai thi vi?c nen, chung long vao thi sue manh. Gop nhieu manh da rach thi thanh ao cau, chum nhieu cay crnig l^i de chong nha lon. Muon bua cung b6 thi nui phai tan hoang, ngam da suot ngay tfai b^ at li^
c^n. So hpc phi hai ba tram dong, neu mpt ngircri lo thi rat kho, nhung hai ba chuc nguoi lo thi rit de"^. Tiep do. Hoang than Cuong £)6 cung v i ^ thu gili \ e Nara Ky van dpng theo tinh thiln do.
Cimg vai nhung van ki?n thong thiet ciia Circmg De va Phan Bpi Chau, nhimg chien sT tien phong trong phong trao nhu Tang Bat Ho.
E)^g Tli ICinh. Lucmg Van Can. Ngu\en An Khirong... da hoat dpng nang no, xuat hi?n nhirng tnmg tam xuat duong lieu bieu nhu Ha NOI, Nam Dinh. Ngh? An, Gia Dinh.
TCr cudi nam 1905 bat d§u CO nhimg thanh nien trong niroc sang Nliat du hpc, diu tien la Nguyen Thuc Canh, Le Khift, Nguyen Dien, tiqj do la hai con trai cua Luang Van Can ta Lucmg L^p Nham (Luang Ngpc Quyen). Luong Nghi Khanh... Buoi dau con it luu hpc sinh nen cy Phan thue mpt can nha nho tnmg khu pho nguai Hoa a Yokohama, dat ten la Binh Ngo Hien de hpc sinh tni ngy va hpc tiCTig Nhat (khi dupc mon tien tai tip lon ciia Hoang than Cuang D^, cu Phan da diue mpt can nha hai ding kien tnic tiieo kieu Nhat thay th§ can nha toi tan truoc do). Ciing \ oi nhung cong vi?c d ^ tien do, Phan Bpi Chau voi sy giiip do tan linh Clia Luang Khai Sieu tien hanh van dpng Khuyen EXrong Nghi, Phiic E>ao \ a nhung chinh khach Nliat Ban tiep nhan luu hpc sinh Vi?t Nam. Trong t ^ nhin chien lupc oia Phan Bpi Chau, luu hpc stnh nu6c ta dircK: bd tri hpc t ^ theo hai hirong:
tnroc mat va lau dai. Huang truac mat danh cho nhur^ hru hpc sinh lon tuoi, xuat than tir nhimg gja dinh co truyen th6ng \ a tin c|y, hpc tai Chan
TAP CHl UCH Slif D 4 N G 10-2016
vd hgc hifu. Hirong sau ciimh cho nhiing luu hpc sinh nho tu6i, hoc tai Dong Van thu vien, hpc tir phd thong, dac biet nhihig thieu nien Nam Ky tren duoi 10 tuoi dupc xep vao hoc cac trucmg day tiJng Anh va cac mrong so hgc, lan lupt sang Nhat du hpc ngay mpt dong. Truoc khi bj true xuat, luu hpc sinh Vi?t Nam o Tokyo da ten toi 200 ngucri.
Do la mpt con so khong nho. Va lai, dieu dang noi nhat 6 day la su hien cii?n dAy du nguoi cua 3 ky, nhung dong nhJt la luu hpc sinh Nam Ky.
Dieu nay c h ^ chin co anh huong ciia Hoang than Cuong D^ ciua hai van kien Kinh cdo dong bao luc tinh va Khuyen cdo quoc ddn ma Hoang than da gui ve cho dong bao Nam Ky. Khi luu hpc sinh Vi$t Nam 6 Nhjt dong len. Phan Bpi Chau cho chuyen Binh Ngp Hien ten Tokyo.
De quan ly luu hpc sinh, giira nam 1907, Phan Bpi Chau cho Ijip Fiit Nam Cong hidn Hgi do Ky Ngoiii hau Cuong Bi lam Hpi ttuong, Phan Bpi Chau lam Tong ly kiem Giam d6c, thuc chSt la nguoi chi dgo to chuc nay. Co cau t6 chuc cua hpi gSm 4 bp: Bp Kinh te, Bp Ky lu|t, Bp Giao le va Bp Van thu de chi dao timg mat hoat dpng cua luu hgc sinh. He thdng td chiic, bd tti nhan su va dieu hanh hoat dpng cua "cpng ddng qudc dan" yeu nudc t?i Nhat Ban nhu chinh cp Phan da tting mong muon: •Chiing tdi dung len Tan Vi^t Nam Cdng hidn, bJt chuck lam nhu mgt chinh phli lam thoi ciia nudc Nam d hai ngoai.
Tuy each thirc xSp dat cdn so sai, nhung cd anh hudng tdi dan khi ttong nudc mau lim"'.
Cdng hien Hgi Sa. to chiic nhihig budi sinh hojt chinh tti vao sang chu nh|t hang n i n , thudng nghe Hdi ttudng va Tdng ly hujn thi, khuySn cao nhimg v k d i lien quan den cugc sdng, hpc tap va tti dudng Clia luu hgc sinh noi dat khach que ngudi hoac cd khi chi nghe binh giang npi dung mgt cuon sach, mpt chii thuyjt cd tinh chinh tti, thdi su...
nham nang cao ttinh dg, ciing cd long yeu nudc va
giii mdi quan h$ than t h i ^ vdi ngudi Nhjt. Phan cudi mdi budi sinh ho?t chinh tti thudng danh tbdi gian cho luu hgc sinh tg do bgclg nhimg y kien, nhiing quan diem v6 mpt van dd mang ttnh thdi s\r nao dd hoac neu nhimg khd khan, thuan lgi ttxing cupc sdng d xii ngirdi.
Cong him Hgi cdn cd nhipm vg ddn ttep, dua tien cac doan khach trong nucic sang tham quan cac CO sd hpc tjp va sinh hoat ciia luu hpc sinh.
Nam 1908, mpt phai doan phy huynh Nam Ky do dng Nguyin Than Hien dJn dlu, sang tham. Gjf lgi ngirdi ddng chi, ddng tam trong chuyen Nam du nam nao, Phan Bgi Chau het siic phJn chan vi dich than din doan Nguyin ThSn Hiln di tham cac CO sd hpc t | p va sinh hoat ciia luu hgc sinh, djc bigt 1 j Iuu hpc sinh Nam Ky. Trgng cugc chia tay vdi luu hpc sinh d Nhjt, dng Nguyin Than Hien hiia khi trd ve se tich cyc vjn dgng thanh men yeu nudc sang Nhjt Ban du hpc v i quyen gdp kinh phi cho phong trao. Do vjy, phong trao Ddng du dupc ddng bao Nam Ky hudng ling manh me nhat Dieu dd khdng chi the hi|n d so luu hgc sinh Nam Ky ddng bjng ca Bac Ky va Trung Ky cpng lai, ma cdn d vigc luu hgc sinb Bac Ky va Trung Ky sdng nhd tai chmh md ph(i huynh Nam Ky quyen gdp dupc. Vi the ma xay la cai chet thuong tam ciia luu hpc smh Trjn Dong Phong, que Nghp An, dupc bieu hign ro ttong 14 thu hiyet mgnh ma dng d l lgi: Nha tdi giau cd, ca tien vdi thdc, ke den hang van, ma gan day hgc phi ttong ttirdng chi la nhd Nara Ky cap cho anh era, tdi da nhilu lan vilt thu ve nha khuyen cha tdi bSI chudc ISm nhu Truong Tu Phdng pha san vi nudc, cha tdi khdng tti ldi. Tdi nghi tdi Id con mpt nha giau, xau thgn vcii anh em qua nen tdi phai t\r van cho cha tdi biet chi tdi va cflng de ta tpi vdi anh em... Nha tdi giau cd nhung dat nudc cd bj di§l vong cting khdng giiip dupc gi thi tdi cdn mjt miii nao nhin thien hg nira.
N H O N G V A N D £ CHUNG Vf UCH SlJf G A N G
Ro rang, phong trap Dong du do Phan Bpi Chau khai xuong dupc trien khai tfaeo hai huong:
Mpi la. dao tao nhan luc cap tfaiet cbo cupc each mang giai p h ^ g dan tpc-nhiing si quan tbdng tfaao ly thuyet va thuc hanh quan sir, Hai la, dao tao nhan l^c cho cfaan faung dit nu6c.
Phong trao Dong du dang tien trien t6t d?p bong dung phai diing bai H i ^ u6c Nhat-Kiiq) CO hi?u luc vao nam 1909*. Theo Hiep uoc do, hru hpc smh Vi^ Nam (rfiai rdi khoi niroc NhaL Truoc tinh the do, Phan Bpi Chau giai quyet hru hpc sinh theo bai huong: cho phin d^ig roi khoi nudc Nhat \h nudc (Thong doc Nam Ky bupc frfiu huynh Nam Ky gpi con em minfa \e niroc) hoac theo Phan va Cuong ¥)k ve Trm^ Qu6c va Xiem tiep tyc hoat dpng hoac hpc tap, mpt so it "mai danfa an ticfa'' 6 lai Nhat Ban hpc tap thanh tai. Hai huong do tiep tyc kfaing dinh va ^ ^ huy ket qua cua pfaong trao Dor^ du trong cac phot^ trao each mang sau do, dac b i ^ trong sy ra doi va boat dpng dia iiet Nam Quang phuc HQI ma cy Pfaan thanfa lap o Chuang Chau nam 1912; cac ca nhan tieu bieu nhir Luong Ngpc Quyen, Dang Hiru Bing, Mai Lao Bang. Hoang Trpng Mau v.v. Dac biet, mpt trong nbiing nguoi tid thanfa canfa tay die lyc ciia Phan h o ^ co m^t trong mpt t6 chuc each mang cua thanfa nien moi xuat duong sang Quang Chau sau Cfaien tranh the gicri I mang ten Tdm Tdm Xa CO Dang Xuan Hong, que Nam Dinh. CJ huong diu bai, trong so luu hpc sinh Sic, Trung, Nam tinh n g u y ^ "mai danfa an ticfa" o 1^ tiep n^c hpc tap tiianfa tai noi Ien co Hoang Hung \ a Ly Trpng Ba. Hoat^ Hung sau khoang niia nam tiep tyc fapc d Nb^t. sang Huoi^ Cang lam rapt nfaa tiiyc faanh, ch^ tac d a a bi nfa^ cam quyen Anfa d day bit trao lai d n Chinfa f^ii Pfa^ d Dmig Duong.
Ly T n ; ^ Ba ten tfaat la Lmi Yen Dan, kfai Nliat tryc xuit, dog trmi d l^i, liy quoc tjch Tnmg (^udc.
n h ^ hpc bdng vao hpc Trudng Dai hpc Na2o>a,
rdi Teikoku T ( ^ o , dau Tien si cdng n ^ ? . Nam 1918, mua boa anh dao nd, cfainfa dng da dua Phan Bpi Cfaau \ e que bac si Asaba Sakitaro dyng bia Tri an v i chyp btic anfa Pfaan Bdi Chau cung vdi cac vj dai dien tfawi Ymeyama dudi bia da Tri an smi khi kfaanh tiianh.
2. Phat trien ve trong nUdc
Tnmg tuin ifaang 3-1906, Phan Bdi Chau ddn Cudng E)^ va Phan Cfau Trinh tu nha dng Luu Vmfa Riiic d Quang E)dng bi mat dua qua Nh^t Sau khi tiiu \e^ Hoang tiian Cudng Dd vao hpc Trudng Cfain vd c m ^ vdi Lucmg Ngpc C ^ e n , Trin Thuc Canfa va Nguyen Dioi, Pfaan Bdi Cfaau gidi tiiieu Pfaan Chu Trinh tiep xiic vdi nhieu chinfa khach Nliat Ban, tiiam khao tinh hinfa cfainfa tri va kfaao sat mpt sd trudng hpc d Tokyo, trong dd cd Tnrdng Keio Cjijuku ndi deng (Khanh ung Ngfaia tiiuc) Clia Phiic Tracb Du C!at*. Sau nhimg cupc ti^ XUC vdi cfainh kfaaefa Nhat Ban va cac CUQC khao sat, hai cu 'Ice gdi chung giirdng" tranh luan vdi nhau sudt 10 ngay ve chinh kioL Mac dil chinh kien cd khac nhau nhung myc dich ciia faai cy lai giong nfaau. Tnrdc kbi rdi Nfaat Ban, Phan Cfau Trinfa da tam sir vdi Pfaan Bdi Cfaau:
'Trinh dp qudc dan Nhat Ban nhu tiie. ma trinh dp qudc dan ta thi nfau tiie, kfadng nd lp lam sao dupc! Dupc biy nhieu hpc sinh vao nha fapc Nfaat Ban ta sy ngfaiep rit Idn oia dng dd. Tir nay... faet sue cfaam cbi d v i ^ lam sacfa va bit tit ndi cfauy^
bai Phap lam gi, cfai nen de xudng dan quyen. Dan da biet cd quyen, tfai viec kfaac deu cd the tinfa lam ducrc"*. Rdi Wian Bdi Chau tien Phan Cfau Trinfa
\ e Huong Cang va cfaia tay d dd.
Viec cy Phan Chu Trinh tir Nhat Ban trd ve nudc cd nghia la md dirdng kdt ndi hoat dpng ben ngoai vdi hoat dpng bcn trong kit ndi giira Id chik am xa (bi mat) ciia Phan Bpi Chau va td diuc minh xa (cong khai) ciia Phan Chu Trinh
t
TAP CHl LICH SlJ OANG 10-2016 ttong phong ttao Duy tan rpng ldn o \'iet Nam diu the ky XX. Khi \ ^ Ha Npu Phan Chu Trinh ciing vdl viec gui Thungd cho Toan quyen Ddng Duong, Beau (Bd) da gap Luong Van Can \i mdt sd chi si Ha Npi chuin bi cho viec md Bong Kinh Nghia Ihifc. Md hinh giao due duoc Phan Chu Trinh lira chpn ttong chuydn di khao sat Nhai Ban la Khdnh ling Nghld Ihuc a Ddng Kinh (Tokyo), mpt ttudng da cap, da nganh ma Phiic Traeh Du Cat lay nguyen mau tir Tnrdng Dai hpc Har\'ard (Hoa Ky). Sau mpt thdi gian chuan bi, thang 3-1907, Dong Kinh Nghia Ihuc khai ttirong tai ngdi nha sd 4 phd Hang Dao, nha ciia chinh cy Luong Van Can, ve sau phat ttien sang nha sd 10 cimg phd. Md hinh giio dyc mang tir Nhat ve da phat huy anh hirdng ril manh me va trd thanh phong ttao nghia thyc tten ca nudc.Diu v ^ anh hirdng xa nhit oia nd dupc hipn hiiu d Tnrdng Dyc Thanh, Phan Thik Md hinh giao dyc dd khi vao Vipt Nam (S nhanh chdng din^c Vipt hda va ttd thanh mpt trung tam, mpt 16 uom mam each m?ng. Vi the, den thang 12-1907, thyc dan Phap cho ddng cua Dong Kinh Nghia Ihuc. Cimg vdi vipc td chiic cac nghia thyc d cac dja phuong, tten binh dipn kinh tS, nhung nha Nho yeu nudc cap tten da thanh lap c ^ hpi budn, cac cdng ty... nhim kinh doanh de ho trp kinh phi cho phong ttao Ddng du.
6 Gia Djnh luc dd ndi tieng nhit la Chieu Nam iiu ciia gia dinh Nguyen An Khirong kinh doanh khach sgn de ho trp tai chinh cho luu hpc sinh Nam Ky d t^Jhgt Ban. Su ra ddi cua cac Hpi buda Thuong doan, Cdng ty... ttung phong ttao Duy tan da lam san sinh tang ldp ttr san Vipt Nam diu nen ttxing cau triic giai ting xa hpi Viet Nam.
3. Kinh nghiem difOc the he sau tiep noi trong gial doan trUoic khi Sing Cong sin Viet Nam radcri
Ngudl ke thira thanh cdng kinh nghiem vS dao t?o nhan lyc cho cich mang Vi?t Nam tir phong
ttao Ddng du khdng ai khac la Ho Chi Minh.
Ciing gidng nhu Phan Bpi Chau, ttxing tam nhin chien lupc each mang \ i e t Nam, dao tao nhan lyc cho cdch mang la moi quan tam hang dau cua Ngudi. Trong budc dudng ho?t dpng each mgng ciia minh. Ho Chi Minh da nghi tdi vin de nay khi ddn Matxcova nam 1923. Noi day cd Trudng Dai hpc Phuong Ddng ciia Quoc td Cpng san dao tao dpi ngfl cac nha each m?ng chuyen nghipp cho cac nudc thupc dja va phy thupc ciia Chau A, chau Phi va My Latinh, noi ma chinh Ngudi da dupc hpc tap trong mpt khda ngan han (7 thang).
Vdi su dd nghj tha thidt ciia Nguyen Ai Qudc, Truang Dai hpc Phuong Ddng tir nSm 1924 da bit diu nhan nhirng sinh vien Viet Nam dau tten tir Phip giri sang, qua Dang Cpng sin Phip nhu:
Nguyen The Rye, Biii Cdng Tning, Trin Vin Giau, Ngd Dire Tri. Ehrong Bgch Mai... Khi ve cdng tic tai Quang Chau, Trung Qudc, Nguyen Ai Qudc tiep tyc gui thanh nien yeu nudc Vi^t Nam tir Trung Qudc sang hoc. Trong li thu giri Qudc td Cpng san ngay 19-12-1925, Ngudi da viet: "Cho tdi biet li cd the giri bao nhieu sinh vien An Nam sang Matxcava?"^ Nhip hpc Trudng Dai hpc Phuong Ddng theo dudng Trung Qudc cd Tran Phu, Le Hdng Phong, Ha Huy Tgp, Hoang Van Npn, Nguyen Thj Minh Khai... Tir nam 1923 ddn khi ttudng ddng cira nim 1938, da cd tt^ 50 sinh vien Vipt Nam hpc tip vi ren luypn dudi mii ttxrdng qudc te niy. Trudng Dgi hpc Phuong Ddng l i noi d i o tgo ngudn can bp cao cap cho Dang. Nhimg ngudi tdt nghipp d diy khi ve nudc da trd thinh nhimg nha linh dao cao cip nhu cic Tdng Bi thu: Trin Phil, Le Hdng Phong, H i Huy Tip, nhihig nhi khoa hpc diu nganh nhu: Nguyen Khinh Toin, Tran Vin Giiu, Bill Cdng Trimg. Trin Dinh Long...
Cudi nim 1924, Nguydn Ai Qudc-Ho Chi Minh ve Quang Chiu cdng tic theo sy dieu dpng
N H O N G V A N o f CHUNG VE LICH sur OANG
ciia Qudc te Cpng san. Tai day, trong hoan canfa cfainh tri thuan lpi, Ngirdi da thanfa lap mdt td cfaiic each mang mang ten Hdi Viet Nam Thanh nien each mang. De cung c ^ dpi ngu can bd each mang cfao td chuc each mang mdi, Ngirdi da md cac ldp Huan luy?n chinh tri tai Quang Chau (Tnmg Qaoc). Tir nam 1925 d k tiiang 4-1927, cac ldp chinh tri d Quang Chau da dao tao duoc gan 1(X) can bp. Dpi ngii dd vira la nfaiing ngudi tuyen truyen, vira la nfairng ngudi td cfauc trong h^ thdng td chuc thanh nien tren ca nudc. Cimg vdi vi§c dd, Ngudi da Iua chpn nhirng thanh nien yeu nudc gui hpc tgi Trudng (Juan su Hoang Pfad Clia Chinfa phu each mang Quang Cfaau. Cd khoang 30 thanfa nien Vi?t Nam hpc tap va ren luy?n quan sy dudi mai trudng nay va sau trd tfaanh nfaimg ndng cdt trong viec xay dyng (Juan dpi nhan dan Vi?t Nam, tieu bieu nhu: Nguyen Son, Le Thiet Hung, Tnrang Van Linh... A.I.
Trerepandp, mpt trong nhung co van quan sy Xd viet, ddng tfadi IS g i ^ vien ciia trucmg da xac nhan: "E)dng cbi Hd Cfai Minfa a (Juang Cfaau vao nfaung nam 1924-1925 da tfaudng xuyen lien h? vdi cac fapc vien V^?t Nam d Tnrdng Hoan Pfad va chi dao v i ^ giao dyc hp"*.
Trong chien luoc dao tao nfaan lyc cfao each mang Vi$t Nam. khac vdi ngudi tien bdi Phan Bpi Cfaau, Hd Cfai Minfa da cfaii dpng dao tao nfaan lyc tren faai cap dp kfaac nhau: Dam n h i ^ v i ^ dao tgo nfaan lyc so cap va giri dao tgo nfaan lyc cao cap. Ndi cacfa kfaac, trong v i ^ dao tao nfaan lyc cho c ^ h mang Viet Nam, Hd Chi Minfa da ke tiiija va pfaat trien dfin tira cao so vdi Pfaan Bpi Chau. Chinh cu Phan da dat ca long Hn cay Clia minh vao ngudi ke tyc dd. Trong la tiiu viet dudi anfa den diu, ngay 14-2-1925, giri Ly Thyy (Nguyen Ai (Judc). Phan Bpi Chau da viet nhirng ddng tam sy trpn lan qua khii. hien tgi va tuong lai vdi mpt ngudi chau ddng fauong noi
xu ngudi: "Nhd lai faai muai nam tnrdc day, khi den nha chau udng nrou gd an ngam tfao, anh em cfaau ihay deu chira thanh nien, liic dd Phan Bdi Cfaau nay dau cd ngd rang sau nay cfaau se trd tfaanfa mpt tieu anh himg nhu the nay.. Nban diroc ben tiep hai la tfau ciia cfaau, bac cam tfaiy vira budn, vua mimg. Budn la budn cfao tfaan bac, ma mimg ia mimg cfao dat nudc ta. \^ec thira ke nay da cd ngudi, ngudi di sau gidi ban ke di '-rdc, tren tien do den tdi se xuat fai^ anh sang ban mai. Ngay xe dirdng cimg. chi sp kfadng tfaay dupc ngay dd, lam sao bac kfadng cam tfaay budn cfao cfainfa minfa duoc? Mdt ddi tan kfad, ganh vac cdng chuyen mpt minfa, dupc sue Idn cua cfaau giiip vao tfai at se cd nhieu ngudi hudng iing theo. Vi?c ga> dung lai giang son, ngoai cfaau cd ai de nfad iiy tfaac tracfa n f a i ^ tfaay minfa. Cd dupc niem an iii ldn lao nhu the, lam sao bac kbdng cam tfaiy vui mung dupc?"'-
Va nfau vay. viec dao tao nfaan lyc cho each mang Vi?t Xam dupc bit diu tir phong trao Ddng du cua Pfaan Bdi Cfaau, dupc dua ve nudc bdi Pfaan Chu Trinfa va di^rc ke tyc, pfaat trien len dinh diem bdi Hd Cbi Minfa. That tuyet vdi cho ngudi khdi xudng.
l.lflfein B(»adu Tom i^,Nxb Thuan Hda, Hue, 1990, Tilr. 37.39
3.5aiT3,tLl98 4.XemiiiiT6,ttn6 5. Ftuc Traeh Du Cat m^ nin 1901
6.Nga> 11-12namMinhTnthLr42(1909XPhmBgiaBu gm Ihu phil doi len BQ tnicng Ngoai giao d& quoc Nha Ban Konua Jtiaro (Tieu IhoQ 71^ Lang)
7./is Oa'AfeiA Toini^. Nxb CTQG, H, 2011, T Z1153 8. AJ. Traqsnop: Gu dtep cua mdf co ixin qudn su a TnmgQitac, Malxcova. 1976. B; 123
9. Vi* Snh: • v e buc flir cua Phai Bgi Chau gu) Nguyoi
^ Qu6c", tia^ Tap driJOtti vd .W, 86 38.4-1997.15.