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Thivc trang dich vu du lich phuc vu khach quoc te tai \^et Nam va mdt so giai phap hoan thien
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a mOt qudc gia n i m trong khu vue Chiu A- Thii Binh Duong vdi vi tri dia ly thuan Ipi, dieu kidn ty nliien uu dai, ehd dp chinh tri on dinh, ndn van hda d i m da b i n sic dan tOc va giau long hieu khach, Viet Nam cd nfiidu Ipi thd dd phit tridn dich vu du lich phyc vu khaeh qude te. Td nam 2000 den nay, lupng khach qudc te vao Viet Nam ngay eang tang va nhu eiu su dyng dieh vu du lich ngay cang Idn. Didu niy doi hdi khdng nhung ed sy gia tang ve sd lupng ma cdn c i chit luong dich vy du lich eung ung.1. Thifc trang dich vu du lich phuc vu khach quoc te cua Viet Nam
1.1. Dich v u l u h i n h
Diy la dich vu rit quan trpng trong kinh doanh du lich fidi le nd ed nhiem vy lien kdt hidu qua, ddng bO cic dich vy du Ueh don le dd tao thanh sin pham du Ueh h i p din va chao ban cho khich cae ch-'uong trinh Upn gdi.
Tinh ddn gida nam 2014, Vidt Nam da ed 1.383 doanh nghidp lu hanh qud'c td Uong dd sd lupng doanh nghidp nha nude ed xu hudng giam va chdng lai Id 2011 ddn nay, sd lupng doanh nghiep tu nhin, edng ty ed phan va trach nhiem hdu han ngiy eang
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2005 119 222 74 3 to 428
2007 S5 3SD 169 4 12 620
2009 68 461 249 4 12 79S
2011 13 621 327 4 15 9 SO
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tang.
Didm han che Idn nhat hidn nay trong boat dOng kinh doanh eiia eac doanh nghidp lu hanh la cac san phim du lich cdn don didu, thidu sang tao, chu ydu dya vao didu kien ty nhien. Cae chuong trinh du lich
qudc td fiidn nay ehu ydu do c i e dai ly v i didu hinh Idn cua nude ngoai td chdc va dua khaeh sang, phia Viet Nam ehi thuc fiiOn cung c i p mpt hoae mOt sd edng doan eho hing 10 hanh nude ngoai. Sd lupng hang Id hanh trong nude la ddi t i e Idn eho Id hanh nude ngoai cdng it.
1.2. Dich vu luu trd
Trong gieii doan 2005 - 2013, c i e co sd luu tni phyc vu trdn 6,5 tridu lupt khich nude ngoai vdi tdc dO tang tmng binh khoang 7%/nam, trong dd nam dinh didm la nam 2007 dat 8 Uidu lupt khach, tang 37,4% so vdi 2006. Sd lupng co sd luu trd khdng ngung gia ting, d^t Uung binh gin 11% tu 2008-2012.
men nay, eae dieh vy luu tni eao c i p vin thidu, chua du d i p dng nhu c i u cua du khich qudc td. Tinh ddn thing 6 nam 2014, loin qudc cd 331.538 cosd luu tru (Uong dd bao gdm 67 khich s ^ 5 sao vdi 15.828 budng, 177 khich san 4 sao vol 21.532 budng, 373 khach san 3 sao vdi 26.684 budng) Td nam 2008 ddn nay, mac du cdng suit budng binh quin chi vio khoing gan 60% nhung cdng suit sd dyng phdng khich san cao cap trong nude ludn dao dOng tu 90 - 95% tai b i t ed thdi diem nao. Do khd khan trong viec dat phdng cao cap, ndn nhieu doanh nghiep 'd hinh da buOc phai dieu chinh ke hoach ddn khach ho$c thay ddi lich trinh du lich.
Mae du sd lupng phdng nghi tang nhanh Uong nhdng nam gin diy nhung gia phdng tang vdi tdc dO cao hon. Do vay, gia b i n mOt chuong trinh du l|ch cdng bi day Idn eao va Vidt Nam dang trd thinh didm ddn ed gia dat dd nhat trong khu vyc. Didu nay eiing vdi chat lupng dich vy luu tni chua cao, c i c dich vy bd sung trong khich san khdng phong phu da lam giam sue eanh tranh cua hd thdng khich san d Vidt Nam ndi ridng va nganh du Ilch Vidt Nam ndi chung.
1.3. Dich vu an ud'ng
An uong la nhu e i u thidt ydu ciia khich du Heh.
Khoin chi eho an udng eiia khach d Vidt Nam chidm khoang 10% tdng sd ehi Udu eho ehuydn di cua kfiich.
Lpi thd cua djch vu an udng tai Viet Nam la gii c i dd an tuong ddi rd. Theo khao sat ciia website du l|ch Idn j nhit the gidi Tripadvisor, chi pfu an udng cho du
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KINH T^ CHAU A - THAI BINH D L / O N G (9/20U)khach t^i Ha Ndi la thip nhit dong sd 49 Uianh phd dupe khio sit. Nfiin ehung, i m thye Vidt Nam khi hip din du Icfiich vi c i e mdn an phong phii.
Mic du chung ta cd nfiidu cda fiang an nhung chua td ehue thinh he thdng va cung c i p thdng tin diy dii cho cic edng ty Id hinh dd hp dua vio ehucmg trinh du lich. Sy lidn kdt gida e i c don vi Id hinh va c i c don vi eung c i p dich vy an udng cdn chua hidu qua.
Bdn cgnh dd, chdng ta chua bidt khai thac thd manh vd i m thye Vidt Nam dd quang ba van hda i m thye cdng nhu dit nude, eon ngucri Vidt Nam thdng qua eie sy kidn i m thye mang tim ed khu vuc.
1.4. Djch vu v i n chuydn
Dich vy vin chuydn khich du lich qudc te d Viet Nam hien nay da ed nhidu ehuydn bien Ueh cue. Mang ludi giao thdng van tai da va dang d i n dupe fiidn dai hda, hd trp Ueh eye eho hoat dOng du Ijch qudc td, dae biet li nganh hing khdng. Doanh thu Id van chuydn kfiach qude te thudng efiiem khoang 14% doanh thu du lich v i ed tdc dO tang trudng tuong ddi cao tu 15%
ddn 20%.
V\^c Oy ban Ld hinh va Du Heh Thd gidi xdp Viet Nam ddng thd 4 trong sd 10 didm ddn h i p dan nhit toan eiu hda h?n nhung lan sdng du khach tidp tyc dd vio Viei Nam, ddng nghia vdi eo hOi rdng md cho c i c fiang hing khdng Viet Nam. Song, cac hang eung phii ddi mat vdi sy canh tranh rit Idn tu phia cac ddi Ihu nude ngoii, d i e biet tai cac dudng bay khu vyc Dpng Bie A va Ddng Nam A.
Vd v^n ehuydn bing dudng sit: vdi phuong eham
"Thuin lien- an toan- gii rd", nganh dudng sit da td chdc nhidu tuydn du Ueh h i p din, thu hut ea khach qudc Id lin khaeh nOi dia. Bay la nhung didu kidn Uiuin lpi dd nganh du lich ciia cac Unh khai thac cd hieu qua viec vin chuydn khaeh du lich bang dudng sat. Tuy nhien, ehil lupng ciia dich vu tren cac doin tau vi sy an toan cua cac chuydn di cung la van de ein giii quydt nhanh chdng dd tao su an tam cho du khich khi di l^i d Viet Nam.
V^n ehuydn khich du lich bang dudng bo eung phit tridn nhanh e i vd sd lupng, chit lupng va ehung lo^. Hiu hdt c i e cdng ty van chuyen khich du lich da diu hi Uiay mdi hing lo^t xe, gdp phin nang cao chit lupng phyc vy khich du lich. Song vin dd dam bao an loin, tay nghd, f Uidc d i c h nhiOm eiia Iii xe ehua cao khidn du khich e ng^l kfii lya ehpn phuong UOn di chuydn.
Vin chuydn khich bing dudng bidn dang tang nhanh Uong eae nam gin day, Cac doanh nghidp n-'ude ta cQng dang cung cd kha nang ddng tiu, hinh thinh cae dOi vin tii chuydn nghidp va hiOu qua.
Ngoai hoat dOng du l|ch tau bidn, hiOn nay cac nhi
cung c i p dich vu cdng da da dang hda dich vy vin chuydn bing dudng Uiiiy thdng qua vide cung c i p mOt sd phuong Udn van chuyen du lich tham quan dudng sdng, gin lien vdi boat dOng du lich van hda, tham quan danh lam thing canh.
1.5. Cic dich vu bd sung
a. Dich vu huong ddn du lich: Dich vy hudng d i n du Ijch, theo Ban Thu ky WTO, dupe eung cap l)di dai ly hudng d i n vien va eae hudng dan vidn ty do. Toan qudc ed 6700 hi rdng d i n vidn du lich qudc te. Trong dd cd khoang 53% la hudng din vidn ndi Udng Anh, 15% noi Ueng Phap, 14% ndi Udng Tmng va 5% ndi tidng Nga. Vdi sy gia tang eiia du khaeh ddn tu nhung thi trudng Nga, Han Qudc, Buc, Tay Ban Nha...lhi so lupng hudng d i n vien hien cd khPng du dd dap ung nhu cau ciia du khach. Dieu nay da din tdi Unh Ugng nhieu hudng dan vidn ngudi nude ngoai sang hoat ddng "chui" tai Viet Nam lam anh hudng Idi hinh anh Viet Nam cung nhu chit lupng dich vy. Chit lupng hudng d i n vien Viet Nam bj giam siit do hudng din vidn khdng chuydn nghiep, khdng duoe d i o t^o bai ban ca ve kidn thuc van hda, lich su eung nhu nghidp vu hudng din.
b. Dich vu vui choi, gidi tri: Day la dieh vy bd sung ed thd mang l^i gii tri gia tang Idn. Tuy nhien, Vidt Nam gin nhu bd Id cac khoan thu Idn Id cae loai hinh dich vy nay. Trong eo ciu ehi Ueu ciia khich du l)eh qude td, chi cho djch vu vui choi, giii tri qua thip, ehua du dd thdng kd thanh hang myc ridng. Ndu tinh gOp ca doanh thu tu vui choi, giii tri, tham quan thi doanh thu tu cae ho^it dOng nay mdi chidm ehua ddn 20% trong doanh thu du ljeh.
Cic dich vy vui choi, giai tri d Vidt Nam ngheo nan, don dieu. Mpt s6 loai hinh sao chep td nude ngoai khong theo mot quy hoach tdng thd chung dd thda man nhu ciu cua du khach nen chdng gay nham chan cho du khach. Cdn dieh vu vui choi giai tri mang d i m Unh dan lpc, cai lao ndn net rieng ciia du Ueh Vidt Nam nhu miia rdi nude, bleu didn cai lucmg...thi khong dupe td chuc thudng xuyen..
c. Dich vu mua sdm: Du lich gin vdi thuong m^i thdng qua viee td chuc cae gdi dich vy nghi dudng, tham quan kdl hpp mua sim la each lam phd bidn cua nhieu nude tren the gidi hien nay, mang Igi doanh thu Idn eho ca nganh du lich va thuong mgi.
O Viet Nam hien nay, hang hda phuc vy khaeh du lich chii yeu gdm dd luu nidm va hang Ueu dung. Dd luu nidm la mat hang ed sd lupng, ehiing logi nhidu nhat gdm hang thii edng my nghd, tranh anh, lupng nghe Ihu^t. Thai dp phyc vy cua nhan vien ngay eang dupe cai thiOn. Tuy nhien, chi Ueu cho mua sim cua khaeh nude ngoai Igi Vidt Nam — dudi 14% tdng chi piu eho chuydn di Viet Nam, Uong khi dd d Thai t.an
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eon sd nay la 51%. Khich du Ueh qudc td ddn \^dt Nam h i u nh-'u "khdng ed gi dd mua". Mua s i m v i dieh vy ca nfian cfiinh l i nhung dieh vy m i du khach nude ngoai td ra khdng hai long nhat tai Viet Nam. Hp phii eWu CO ehd gia ed sy phin bidt ddi xd gida ngudi nude ngoii v i trong nude, va bi quay ray bdi nfiidu ngudi ban fiang rong.
d. Cdc dich vu khac phuc vu du lich: Cae dich vy khic phyc vu khich du lich nhu eham sdc sue khde, dam b i o an toin cho khich du Ueh trong e i c chuydn di nhu bd tri edng an du lich...chua dupe chd trpng d Vidt Nam. Cdng an du Ueh hoan loan tfiidu ving tai eae khu du Ueh ed quy md Idn. Cie dieh vy eham sdc y td cho du khich cQng chua dupe quan tam dung mdc. cae dieh vy ngan hing, thu ddi ngoai te tgi eac didm du Ueh cdn thieu.
2. Giai phap hoan thien dich vu du lich cua Viet Nam nham phuc vu dii khach quoc te
2.1. Da dang hda cac dich vu lu h i n h tren c a s d khai thac triet dd nhung thd manh du lich cua Viet Nam
MOt trong nhdng Ud ngai Idn nhit ban che sue h i p dan ciia cac sin phim du lich Viet Nam hidn nay la sy don dieu ve nOi dung. Khic phyc Unh Uang nay khdng cd cich nao khac ngoai ban than cac docinh nghidp lu hanh Vidt Nam phii chii dOng da dang hoa cic dich vy cung ung. Bdn canh hinh thuc du Heh da phd bidn nhu thcun quan, can khai thac thd nghiem va phat trien du Ueh sinh thai, du Ueh van hoa, du Ueh thd thao va mgo hiem... Cic doanh nghiep eung ndn tridn khai td chdc rdng rai hem nda nhdng hanh trinh den vdi eac Id hOi dan gian, cac ling van hoa dd thudng thue eae Udt mue van nghd, tdn giao va hdi he mang d i m ban s i c dan lpc trong khung cinh lang qud Viet Nam.
Bdn canh viee khai thac nhung tidm nang Idn ve du Heh sinh thii, khdng thd bd qua khia canh vui choi giii hi trong mdt ehuydn di du lich. Nude ta vdi dudng bd bidn dai, nhieu bai tim va dao san hd dep, nhung hiOn phin Idn chi phuc vu cho nghi ngoi, an dudng, tim bidn. cac boat dpng thd thao nhu dua thuyen, ludt sdng, nhay du, lan... cin dupe nhanh chdng diu lu diing mue dd tang sue h i p d i n eho e i c khu du lich bidn, giu chin du khach luu tru lai liu hon, chi Udu nhidu hon. Vung ndi nude la eung cd nhieu sdng sudi Uiac ghdnh, ddo cao, rung ram hidm trd rit fhugn Ipi cho du Ueh mgo hidm, mOt log! hinh du lich thd thao nhung khdng nhim myc dich giii hi ma dd khim pha va thim hidm nhung vung dat edn it dupe biet ddn.
Ngoii ra, nhu da dd cap, nude ta ed kha nfiieu didu kidn thuin Ipi dd phit Uidn du Ueh MICE (hOi ngfu, hdi thao, khen thudng va cae su kiOn) do dd e i e doanh
ngfiidp du lich Viet Nam ndn chu trpng ptiat tridn cac hoat ddng kinh doanh ehuydn vao viec td chdc cic hdi ngfii, hOi tfiao qudc td, tranh thd dupe xu thd md cua v i hpp tic kinh td dang ngiy cing phit tridn ddng then tgo uy tin va didu kien thuan Ign cho viec kinh doanh c i e loai fiinh du Ueh khic.
Dich vy du Ueh y td ed thd dupe td chiic kdt hpp vdi nghi dudng va hudng tdi pfian doan thi Uiidng cac nude trong khu vue. Tuy nhidn, dd khich ydn tim cin cd su quang cao tdt, ddng thdi cam kdt vd chit lupng, ed ea sd ha ting tdt dd d i m b i o an toin tinh mgng vi sue khoe eua du khach. Dich vy du Ueh y td 6 Vidt Nam trudc het ndn t i p trung vao bam huydt, eham euu, massage eac phuong phap tri lieu theo y hpc dan tOc.
Ngoai viee Um cac Icri thd so sanh trong du Ueh, Viet Nam cdng e i n khai tfiac cac dac diem tuong ddng ve tai nguyen du Ueh ty nhidn vi van hoa, tuong ddng vd san pfiim du Ueh cda mdt nhdm nude trong khu vue de lao ndn mdt vung du Ueh dii Idn thu hiit khaeh. Tdng eye du Ueh Viet Nam can phdi hpp vdi ca quan du Ueh PliiUppines, Thai Lan va eae nude Ddng Duong trien khai chuong trinh tham chidn trudng xua, nhim thu hiit khaeh Mf vao Vidt Nam qua cac nude nay. Ddng thdi, thdng qua Philippines v i Thii Lan Udp can vol tfii trudng Mf.
2.2. Cai thidn chit luong cac loai dich vu cung ling, gan dich vu vdi tiing p h i n do^n thi trudng cu thd.
Ddi vdi dieh vy khaeh sgn: hidn nay he Uidng khaeh san dat chat lupng 4, 5 sao d Viet Nam cdn il, gii c i cdn q u i eao, Uong kfii c i c khich san binh dSn thi chit lupng phyc vy lai yeu kdm, chua Idm hii Idng du khach. Cfiinh didu niy da lim giim sue hip din eiia du Ueh Vidt Nam ddi vdi du khich qudc td, dac biet la khach ddn tu cae phan doan thi trudng tmng vi cao cap. Do dd, phai tinh tdi van dd nang eip cic khach san n i m trong khu phd chinh, s i m uit ddng thdi tiep lye thu hiit d i u tu cQa cac tap doan khach sgn Idn trdn the gidi.
Ddi vdi dieh vu Id hanh: c i c doanh ngfiidp Id hanh can da dang hoa c i e dich vy cung c i p cho du khich Uong mdi chuong Uinh du Ueh, kdt ndi gida cic vung, midn Uong nude va vuon ra thi trudng nude ngoii, tham gia vio mang ludi eung c i p cda cac tip doin iCr hanh Idn trdn the gidi. Ngoii ra, cin tgo ra nhidu gdi s i n pham du lich da dang dya trdn Udm nang vdn cd phu hop vdi tfii fiidu ua tfu'ch nghi dudng d bidn kdt hpp vdi Um hidu van hoi, nhdng ndt dOc dao mdi Ig cda c i c dia phuong, cac dich vy phii dupe td chiic cung c i p mdt each chuydn ngfiiep v i ddng bO- Ktii xiy dung c i c gdi s i n p h i m chu y tdi d^e didm tung
phin doan tfil Uudng, theo dia ban v i hi6i cda khach hang.
Ddi vdi dich vy van chuydn: fiien dai h o i c i e phuong uen van chuydn khich du lich. Cfiinh su thuan uen vi nfianh chdng eua phuong Udn di lai tai cae didm ddn du Ueh la mOt ydu Id quan trpng thu hdt du khaeh ddn tu nhiing tfii trudng Idn. Do viy, e i c doanh ngfiidp kinh doanh van ehuydn khach du Ueh e i n Uang bj Igi v i ddi mdi phuong Udn van ehuydn, cii Udn quan IJ c i c khau vin chuydn kfiich v i fiang hoa du Ueh ddn eac tuydn, didm du lich dd giim thidu tdi da thdi gian di lai cda khich, dam bao sy an toan va giup du khach cd nhiing ehuydn di nhanh chdng, lien lpi vi thoii mii. Cin xem xdt v i tgo didu kien cho Id ehue c i c chuydn bay thud dinh ridng cho khich du Ueh. Didu nay se gidp gia tang lupng khaeh di du Ueh do Unh thuan Uen va cd thd giam gia thanh van chuydn nhd lupng khaeh Idn.
Ddi vdi dieh vy hudng d i n du Ueh: Cin dao tgo dOi ngu hudng din vidn cho c i c thi trudng Upng didm nhu Nga, Hin Qude, Tay Ban Nha, Due... Khach tu Chau Au, die biet la thi trudng Nga ddi hdi hudng dan vidn bidt tidng nude minh. Hudng d i n vien c i n dupe dao tgo bii bin vd ngdn ngd va nghidp vy eung nhu dgo due nghd nghiep. Hp e i n phii li nhung ngudi ed Uich nhiem vdi cfiinh nhdng du khach ma minh phu trach.
2.3. Cung c£p c i c dich vu bd sung ngay tai didm du Ijch, ting cudng dich vu d i m b i o an toan cho du khich
Cin thidt phai xiy dyng Uung tam y id hoac bdnh vidn Udu chuin qude le tai e i c khu du Ueh hien dgi quy md Idn dd cung c i p dich vy y le ngay Igi ehd.
MOt dieh vy ma khu du Ueh hidn dai khdng Uid Ifiidu dupe li cdng an du Ueh. Khi sd khaeh nude ngoii sang Vidt Nam Udp tyc tang len nhu cau ve dieh vy niy dd bio vO sy an loan ciia khach nude ngoai va tai san ciia khach du Ueh hdt sdc c i n thidt.
wee cd didm ddi tidn theo ti- gia ngan hang lai khu Heh li rit cin thidt, lao didu kiOn thuan lpi cho du khich ddi Udn se khidn du khich khdng ngai ehi tieu.
B6i ngogi te Igi ehi nhinh ngin hang ed \y gia ngogi te cdng bd Udn bing didn lu la nghiem tiic, cdn viee di khio sit ty gii ngogi te Uong cda hang vang bgc hay van phdng cdng ty du Ueh hay cda hing ven dudng la diu fildu ciia CO sd hg ting du Ueh kdm phat Uien.
2.4. Gia tang sd luong v i c i i tien chit luong cic d|ch vy giii trf, mua s i m dd thu hut chi tidu ciia khich qudc td
Cin cd Cfiinh sich uu dii Uiu hut vdn Ui nude ngoai vi khu vye lu nhin dd xiy dyng cac khu vui choi giai Iri quy md Idn dd cii thidn dich vy mua sim.
ngoii vide tao ra e i c didm mua sim, cii tfiiOn chit lupng dich vu mua sim, c i n cd c i c cfiinh saeh lidn ket gida c i e fiang Id fiinh vdi cac trung tim thuong mai, cda hang dd tgo dieu kidn eho khich mua sim.
Bdn cgnh dd, nha nude cdng c i n cd e i e efu'nh sieh uu dai ve thud ddi vdi eac co sd thuong mgi phyc vy khieh du Ueh qudc td ddi vdi c i e mat hang can xuc Udn, giy dimg thucmg fiidu cho hing Viet Nam thdng qua du Ueh qudc td.
Trong vdng 5 nam gin day, hang nam Vidt Nam thu hut trung binh gin 6 Uieu lupt khach qude te, trong dd nam 2013 thu hut dupe hem 7.5 trieu lupt khach qude te. Sd lupng khaeh qudc td ddn Viet Nam cd thd se gia tang mgnh me hon nua ndu Vidt Nam ap dung eae bien phap tang cudng ea vd sd lupng cung nhu cfiit lupng dich vu du Ueh bao gdm lu dich vy eo ban nhu dieh vu khaeh san, lu hanh, van chuydn, an udng ddn cae dich vu bd sung gdm hudng dan du ljeh, giai tri, mua sim.../.
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Ha van HOi (Vien NCPT Du Ueh), Xuit khiu d(ch vy ViOt Nam Uong bdi cinh khiing hoang tai chinh loan ciu, 2009
2. D6 Cim Tho (Vien NCPT Du Ueh), Nghien euu xiy dyng san phim du Ueh \^et Nam cd Unh cgnh Uanh trong khu vyc, qude td, 2007
3. Hon 70% khich du Heh qudc td "mOl di khdng trd Igi",
hllp://wvi'w.saigonlourist.com.vn/news/delail_vn.asp?
id= 11779
4. Du lich tdi Ha nOi re thu nhi Uid gidi, htlp://www.nuibavi.com/bavi/Du-Iich-toi-Ha-Noi-re- lhu-nhi-the-gioi.html
5. Dinh Loan, Du Ueh mua sim: tfiidu san phim dac tnmg van hda Viet,
http://daibieunhandan.vn/ONA_BDT/NewsPrint.aspx?
newsld= 102725
(9/2014) KINH T ^ C H A U A - T H A I B I N H DUONG