Cdc vOn nghf 8$ tq.i Vift Bdc trong khdng chign ch6ng thuc ddn Phdp Anh:Tuli$u
HIEN T H i r C H A O H U N C CUA P A N TOC TRONC H A I c u p c K H A N C CHIEN
v^n la ni^in cam hung cua van nghe sy
MNhd vdn D 6 KIM CUONG''
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e tir khi D a n g Cfing san Viet N a m r a dbi (3-2- 1930), mdt bfl phfin q u a n trpng e i a van hpc nghfi t h u a t Vifit N a m lufln g a n lien vdi phong trao dtfu t r a n h giai phdng dfin tpc, gifinh dpc lap cho* Pho Chd tick Thudng true. Lien hiep Vdn hoc Nghi thugt Viit Nam
Ttf qufi'c, hinh t h a n h nfin trao luu vfin hpe each mang. Va khi ca dan tfie tifi'n h k n h Caeh m a n g T h a n g T a m n a m 1945 va di vao hai cufic k h a n g ehifi'n chfi'ng thuc d a n Phap va dfi' qufi'c My, giai phdng dfin tflc thflng nhfi't To qufl'c, van hpc nghe t h u a t each m a n g da t r b t h a n h dbng chay chinh cua van hpc nudc ta, t a o n e n b a n sac v a n hda Viet
T U Y E N G I A O S 6 9 - 2 0 1 2 . 4 7
Van hoa - Van nghe Nam thbi dai mdi - thbi dai HI Chi Minh.
ft ed d&n t$c nko trfin thtf gidi, ngay tir khi D&ng ra dbi, titfp nhtfn ad m^ng Ifinh d^o ctfch m^ng dft coi v&n hda v&n ngh^ Ifi m^t m$t trfin.
D^i ngfi nhfing ngiibi tri thdc vfin ngh^ ay Ifi m$t lue lupng quan trpng trong d n g ttfe tu tubng - vftn hda. N&m 1943,
"^i euang vdn hda cda Ddng" Ifin dfiu tifin xuft't hi^n, truyin btf trong dfii ngfi v&n nghfi sy - tri thiic dft xtfc I&p quan ditfm eia nhfing ngubi d n g B&n dtfi vdi d n g ttfe v&n hda vfin ngh$.
Cfing khdng d nhilu dftn tfie trfin thtf gidi khi dft't nudc cd giftc ngo^i xftm, ciing vdi mpi tfing Idp nhftn dftn, nhfing nhfi vfin, nhfi tho, hpa sy, nhae s^, nghfi s^ sftn khau, kitfn tnic su... theo loi kfiu gpi eia Chi tich Hi Chf Minh, dfi true tifi'p cfim but, cam sung ra rafit tran danh gific giu nude. Nhiing ngiroi nghfi sy each mang fi'y khdng ed su phftn bifit giai cft'p, khdng phftn bifit tang Idp nfio, Ifi ngubi cfing san hay chua phai Ik cdng s&n; thftm chi cd ca nhiing ngubi thufie eac ehinh dang khtfe. Ciing trfin eon dubng ra trftn, hp cung khfing cfin phftn bifit Ifi ngubi stfng ttfc theo khuynh hudng hifin thue ehi nghla, Ifing man chi nghla sifiu thuc... hay each mang, nhung trai tim eua ho sue sfli Ibi thi cuu nudc "Quyit tit eho Td qudc quyit sinh", gifinh dpc lap. Ho san skng rbi bb noi phon hoa dd hfli, Ifin chifi'n khu Viet Bac, ra
bung biin, ngaqc rimg Trubng Son tham gia khtfng chifi'n...
Trong cu^c ehitfn dft'u sinh t i fty dft cd khdng ft nhflng ngubi vfin nghtf ey, ehitfn sy da ngfi xutfng ehitfn trubng trong tu thfi' e i a n g i ^ anh hfing. Hp Ifi Nam Cao, Tfl Ngpc V&n, Trfin D&ng, Hofing LQc... Ifi Lfi Anh XuAn, Nguyfin Thi,...
vfi nhilu ngubi ngh$ ay khtfe ntta. Ciing vdi gia tfii v&n hpc ngh$ thufit e i a d c v&n ngh$ ay dtf lai cho mai aau, mtfu e i a ctfc anh, ctfc ehi da gdp phfin Ifim nfin gitf tri vfin ngh$ ctfch mang vfi khtfng ehifi'n.
Nhilu nhfi nghifin cdu dfi ed chung m$t nhfin xdt r&ng:
Gfin mOt thtf ky qua, vfin hpc nghfi thufit ctfch mang vfi ehifi'n tranh giai phdng d&n tdc d mfit vi tri quan trpng trong dbi stfng v&n nghfi cua nude ta. Tho ca trudc Ctfch m£mg Thtfng Ttfm n&m 1945, tho vfin Nguyin Ai Qufie - Hi Chf Minh, tho ca eia eac chie'n sy cfing s&n trong lao til, tho Ttf Hiiu, tho ca khang chifi'n chfi'ng Phtfp vfi chfi'ng My, cac ttfe phft*m ftm nhac, sftn khft'u, my thuftt, difin anh, nhifi'p &nh, mda, v&n nghd dftn gian eia nhiing nfim thtfng nky dfi dat dfi'n nhiing dinh eao eia thbi dai.
Tit nftm 1975 dfi'n nay, tinh thfi' eia dft't nudc da chuyen sang mflt giai doan mdi, thbi ky xfty dung va b&o ve To qutfc Vifit Nam xft hfii chi nghla. Nhin ehung, mflt bfi phftn van nghe sy van tifi'p tuc gan bd vdi ehu de
each mang vfi khtfng ehitfn.
Song dfi'n vdi chu dl nfiy h nhilu ttfe phtfm v&n hpc nghtf thuftt, ngubi ngh| B^
dfi cd dd liii vl mfit thbi gian, dft d nhfing trai nghigm, nghifin ciiu ctfc tu li$u mdi dtf soi chitfu lai lich si, gdbo nhfing rfio c&n trong nhfin thuc, trong ph&n tfnh hifin thuc e i a qutf ]sh^ vdi air stfng tao mdi. O nhiing tac pham tfy, d c ttfc gi& vfin tilp ntfi dupc d c gitf tri truyin thtfng cua d c ttfc phtfm trudc d&y. Mfit khtfe, nfii dung cdng nhu hinh thiic thtf hifin ttfc phtfm da d chtft lupng mdi. Hifin thuc deh m^ng, hinh &nh eon ngiM
^^$t Nam di qua hai cudc khtfng ehitfn dupc ph&n anh dudi nhilu gdc dd khac nhau; dii ddi, quyfi't Ufit hon, nhimg efing sfiu sfic hon, nh&n vftn hon...
Song d mdt thuc ttf Ifi doi ngfi vfin nghfi sy, nhiing ngubi timg kinh qua hai cufic khtfng chifi'n fi'y, Tigky d n g thua vfing dfin. Nhung vfi'n dl ve vfin hpc ngh§
thuftt gfin vdi chi dl deh mang vk khtfng chie'n ft dupc quan tam, nhfi't lfi do'i vdi thi hd cac vfin nghfi sy tre. Mpt sd' tac phtfm van hpe ngh£
thuftt vie't vl chi dl each mang vfi khang ehifi'n, do nhiing hofin canh khadii quan, do ttfc dfing nhieu chieu vfi do cd nhiing quan nifim nhan thue, ph&n anh hien thuc ehira tao dupc 8ii dong thuan b ngiroi dpc, ran gfiy tranh luan. Thfim chi cd nhiing tac pha'm nhfin thiic ve each mang vfi cupc khang
4 8 I TUY£N G I A O SO' 9 - 2012
chifi'n vfi qutfc vT d a i e i a dftn tpc cbn cd SV hbi hot, Ifich lae, thitfn eftn..., khfing d d n g vdi h&n chft't e u a hifin t h u e dbi sfi'ng.
Dtf'cho dbng chay v&n hpc nghfi thu&t ctfch m a n g vk khtfng ehifi'n tifi'p t u e phtft tritfn, ngky 1-6-2011, T h u tudng Chfnh p h i dfi phfi duyfit D l an "Khuyin khich sdng tdc vd cdng bd tdc phdm vdn hQC nghf thudt cd gid tri cao vi tu tudng vd nghi thudt, phdn dnh cudc khdng chiin chdng thuc ddn Phdp vd di qudc My gidi phdng ddn tde, thdng nhdt ddt nudc' giai doan 1930 - 1975. Dfty Ik mfit e h i truong d i i i ^ dfin e i a D a n g vfi Nhk nudc ta, gdp phfin q u a n trpng thuc hifin Nghi quyfi't 23 e i a Bp Chfnh tri v l efing tac van hpc nghfi thufit trong tinh h i n h mdi. Thfing q u a vific d a t hfing t r u e tifi'p eho timg tac gia cu t h e vfi cufie thi sang tac ve e h i d l each mang vfi k h a n g chie'n n h a m huy dpng sue s a n g tao, t a m huyfi't d a ngiroi nghfi sy de tir dd lua ehpn eho duoe nhung tac pha'm v a n hpe nghe t h u a t xua't sac nhfi't phan a n h sfiu sfic hinh a n h va dat nudc eon ngubi Viet Nam trong h a i eufic k h a n g chie'n oai h u n g cua d a n tpc.
Nhung tac pha'm v a n chuong, nghe t h u a t cu thtf, giau hinh tupng, s i n h dpng da gdp phfin giao due Ibng yeu nudc, n i e m t u h a o d a n toe cho cac the' hfi, nha't Ik the he t r e ; n a n g cao n h a n thiic, xfiy d u n g vk bao ve Td quoc, dap iing n h i e m vu e i a
D a n g vfi Nhfi nude t a trong t^nh hinh hi$n nay.
Dfty lfi m p t cufic t h i Idn, dbi hbi s u t h a m gia tieh cue e i a d$i ngfi vfin nghfi sy e&
nudc eting vdi cudc thi stfng ttfe v l e h i d l "HQC tt^p vd Idm theo tdmguangdqo diie Hd Chi Minh' do Ban Bf t h u T r u n g uong phtft dfing.
Nhfing ntfm qua, b mfit atf Hfli Vfin hpe nghd thufit chuyfin ngfinh T r u n g uong nhu: Hfii Nhfi vfin Vifit Nam, Hfii My thuftt Viet Nam, Hdi N h a c si, Hfii Sftn khft'u...
cfing dfi t h u b n g xuyfin ttf chiie cac cufic t h i s a n g tac.
Trong sfi'etfe tac phfi'm t h a m d u giai cfing dfi xufi't hifin n h u n g ttfe gia vie't v l e h i d l n a y , n h u n g khfing n h i l u . Mpt sd' dia phuong, vbng vfin hpc n h u Tay Nam Bd, Tay Nguyfin, mien nui phia Bac, m i e n Trung, mdt sfl' v a n nghfi sy v a n tie'p tuc gan bd vdi e h i d l each m a n g vfi k h a n g ehitfn. Dac biet lfi dpi ngii van nghe sy trong lire lupng - Quan dpi, Cflng an dudi s u chi dao cua Ttfng cue Chinh tri Quan ddi n h a n dan Viet Nam, Ttfng cue Xay dung Luc lupng - Bfi Cfing an eung true tifi'p ehi dao, dpng vifin ctfc ttfc gia vitft v l e h i de each m a n g vfi k h a n g chifi'n. Mot so tae pha'm da duoc d u luan chu y. Song so lupng vfi chat lupng eac tac pha'm cd gia tri cao chua nhieu. Thue t e cho thfi'y, m a n g d l tfii ve d e h m a n g vk hai cufic k h a n g chie'n chfi'ng P h a p vfi chfi'ng My dien r a t r e n dfi't nudc ehung ta v a n cbn nhieu khoang dat trong,
Van hoa - Van nghe n h i l u vft'n d l chua dupc vfin ngh$ sy khai thtfc.
Dtf ctfc cufic thi dat hifiu qu& eao nhft't, Bfi V&n hda - Thtf t h a o vfi Du lich dfi chi dao C^c difin anh. Cue Vfin hda - Thfing tin co so. Cue nghfi thuftt bitfu d i l n . Cue My thu&t - Nhitfp anh... phtfi hpp chfit chfi vdi Hfii Nhfi vfin, Hfli My thuftt, Hfii Sfin khft'u, Hfli Nhac sy, Hfli Nghfi sy Mua, hpi Vfin nghfi ctfc dftn tflc thitfu stf Vifit N a m rfi soat, dat hfing true tifi'p vdi cac vfin nghfi sy cd t a y n g h i cao, cd kinh nghifim sang tac v l d l tai each m a n g vfi k h a n g chie'n dfi timg cd nhiing tac pha'm t h k n h cong v l c h i d l nay.
Trong thbi gian tdi, Lifin hifip Vfin hpc nghfi t h u a t Vifit N a m phd'i hpp vdi Bp Van hda - The thao va Du lich tifi'n h a n h tfl chiic cuflc t h i sang tac ve c h i de each m a n g qua h a i cufle k h a n g chifi'n ehdng thuc dfin Phap va dfi' qufi'e My, ciiu nudc, giai phdng dan tflc. Ban to' chuc d u kie'n cupc thi nky se keo dki t u 2013 dfi'n 2014.
Hy vpng r a n g , c h i de each m a n g va k h a n g chie'n (1930 - 1975) trong eae sang tae van hpe nghe t h u a t se duoc a n h chi em van nghfi sy ca nudc tfch cue t h a m gia. Bdi xet cho cimg, hien t h u c hao hiing e i a dan tfie t a thflng qua nhiing sfl' p h a n con ngubi, vk hifin t h u e n g h i e t n g a e i a chie'n t r a n h vlin cbn la nfii a m a n h , lfi mdn n o e i a m6i n h a van, nghe sy do'i vdi d a t nude va n h a n dan./.
TUYEN G I A O S6 9-2012 4 9