Tap chf Khoa hpc xd hoi mien Trung, so 3 (29) - 2014 I 41
LE BO MA PADHIATUW CUA NGlTCH RAGLAI d NINH THUAN: TIEP CAN GLi TRI VA
G L I I PHAP BAO TON
QUANG OAI TUY^N *
DM van d e
N
gUdi Raglai hay Orang Raglai cd mdt he thdng le nghi rat phong phu vd da dang. Cu the nhU nhUng le nghi lien quan ndng nghidp: ie mUng lua mdi; le cau mUa; le bd md hay le nghi lidn quan den vdng ddi: Ie nghi sinh dd, le trUdng thdnh, le cUdi, l l t a n g ma. NhUng lenghi ndy phdn dnh mdi trUdng sdng vd ddi sdng tdm linh cua hp, cu the nhu nhUng ly gidi v l t h i gidi quan, nhan sinh quan, eae hidn tUpng tUnhien, vd nguon gdc tde ngUdi cua hp. Le bd md Id mdt trong nhUng lenghi dac sac nhateCia ngUdi Raglai, thdng qua le nay, nhUng gid trj ve van hda nhu tdm linh, dm nhac, a'm thue, trang phuc, truyin thuyet vd ed mdi quan he vdi ngUdI Chdm dupc t h i hidn rd't rd rang.Trong giai doan hidn nay, qua trinh dd thj hda phdt trie'n manh me dd cd mdt sd tdc ddng tich cUc d i n vide phdt trien phdn ndo ddi sdng kinh t l eua ngUdi Raglai, nhUng bdn canh ay qud trinh nay cung dan d i n nhUng tdc ddng tidu cUe ddi vdi vdn hda truyin thdng cua hp nhUsU bien mat dan edc hd thdng nghi le truyin thdng, y thUe ve bao vd di sdn to tien de lai. Oieu nay da trd thdnh vdn d l rdt bdo ddng trUde nguy co thay doi
' ' ThS, Trung tam nghien cuu \^ hoa Cham, tinh NinhThudn.
va bien mat nhUng gid trj truyen thong cua ngudi Raglai, ma ie bd md Padhi Atuw Id mdt dien hinh. Day vdn Id mdt trong nhUng nghi le quan trpng nhat cCia ngUdl Raglai, mac du nghi le ndy khdng thue sU Idn va xem nhU
"le hdi" n l u so sdnh vdi cdc ddn tdc d Tay Nguyen, nhUng Pathi Atuw cCia ngudi Raglai cOng chUa dUng bdn sae rieng eua hp nhU nhufng gia trj van hda cua nha md, nha hinh thuyen, dan ca, amthUc, quan he tdc ngUdl...
Tuy nhien, nghi le nay dang bi blln ddi rat ddng kltrong giai doan hidn nay vadingUpc vdi quan niem truyen thdng vdn cd cua tpc ngUdi nay.
1. Dac trUng cda fe bd md Padhi Atuw d cdc dia phuang
Thuat ngU "Padhi" trong ngdn ngU cua cdc dan tdc Malayo- Polynesien d Viet Nam nhu Cham, Raglai, Chu Ru, £ Od, Gia Rai hdm nghTa "Chia eua cho ngudi than da chit".
Odng bdo Raglai eho rang ehua lam le bd md Id ehua cat dUt mdi quan he linh hdn giUa ngudi chit vdi ngUdi edn song. Vi the, trong sudt thdi gian nay, ngUdi nha phdi qua lai tham vid'ng, tid'p te thUe an, vat dung cho ngUdi dd khuat. Chi khi nao Idm le bd ma thi linh hdn ngUdi c h i t mdl dUpc sieu thodt va di ve the gidi cua dng bd td tien. Sau le cung bd ma coi nhu h i t tang, ngudi chdng hodc ngUdi vp dupe ngudi qua ed cho phep di
42 1 Q U A N G DAI TUYEN budc nUa de thUc hidn cude song tU do cua
minh. Le bd ma dUpe coi la mot trong nhUng le (va hpi) Idn ciia gia dlnh, cong dong, mot ngay vui thUe sU cOa ngUdi song vd eCia ca ngudi chit. Trong le bd ma cd ddnh ma la, ddm trau, mua hdt, udng rupu can mUng eho linh hdn ngUdi c h i t dUpc sieu thoat.
Le bd md thudng dupc to chUc vdo khodng thdng ba, thdng tU dUOng lich, thdi diem chuyin tU miJa nang sang mua mUa.
Thdi gian td chUe thUdng la 3- 5 ngay bao gdm nhieu cdng vide dupe tien hdnh vdi nhieu le thUc. Cd mdt sd le thUc khdc nhau do quy md eUa le thudc ddm Idn hay dam nhd, tuy theo dieu kidn kinh t l cua gia dlnh, ddng tpc cua ngUdi ehet vd eung tuy theo phong tue dia phuong. Loai hinh Padhi Atuv^/
dupe chia Idm hai loai: Padhi gia dinh vd Padhi ddng hp. Le Padhi gia dlnh Id le nghi dupe thUe hidn cho ngUdi qua co trong gia dlnh. Le ndy bilu hidn rd net d eae thdn nhd, lien k i t ddng hp khdng manh va mang tinh gia dlnh ehU khdng mang tfnh cdng ddng.
Trong khi do, le Padhi Atuw (Padhi Gaup) lai la mpt le nghi rat Idn cua ddng hp, bao gdm nhieu atuw (hdn ngUdi ehet) dupc tap trung lai trong mdt thdi diem de to chUe. VI ed sU tham gia eua rat nhieu thdnh vien trong ddng hp nen le nay eung cd sU tham gia cua eae thanh vidn khdc trong palei qua bUa com, udng rUpu can eong cam, va sinh hoat giUa eae thanh nien thanh nU. Vi du nhU: Le
"Padhi Atuv\/Gdp" d thon Ba rau thudng thUc hidn vdo thdi gian dau nam (thang 01), nham vao thang 4 dUOng lich hang nam. Le "Padhi Atuvi/Gdp" duac thUc hidn chung cho nhieu ngudi qua cd tai mdt dja diem nha me Idn (nhd tU dudng) cua tpc ho va eude le dupc dien ra trong 4 ngay lien tuc.
NgUdi Raglai khdng ed tdn giao nhUng mdi dja phuong cd nhUng hinh thUe t i i n
hanh nghi le Padhi khdc nhau. NgUdi Raglai d phfa Bac nhU PhUde Chien, PhUdc Thanh, Phudc Blnh...kh6ng nhUng chia cua ma con kien thiet ngoi nhd mo, ed tU 6 den 36 cay edt vdi chiec Kago dac sac, ngUpe lai ngucrt Raglai phfa Nam nhU Ma Ndi, PhUde Ha, PhUde Thai... trong nghi le Padhi ngodi viec chia cUa, hp lam nhd md khdng nhU phia Bac va cung khdng cd ehiec Kago dat tren n6c nhd mo.
Diem dang chu y trong le Padhi Atuw la ngUdi sdng chuan bj mdt gid de dung nhCfng hat giong eho Ataw cd the trdng trot d the gidi ben kia. Theo quan nidm ehung efla ngUdi Raglai, khi qua t h i gidi ben kia cac Ataw cung can nhUng hat giong nhU du dCi, bap, lUa, bo bo...de trdng trpt, Idm k l miiu sinh. Ridng le nay d thdn Gia Hoa, theo quati sat cua chung tdi, gid dUng thUc an nay co khae vdi nhUng dja phuong khdc d dilm sau;
6 cac dia phuong khdc, ngUdi sdng chi ehuan bj chi cd duy nhat mpt gid dUng thUe an cho Ataw, trong khi do d thdn Gia Hoa, khdng chi cd rieng gid dUng thUc an cho Ataw di/cfc ehuan bj ma ngudi Raglai cdn ehuan bi gi6 dung thUc an eho to tien mukkei, gid thCfc an cho hang xdm cua the gidi ben kia. Ly gidi dieu ndy, dng chu le cho rang neu nhUAtaw nay dem gid thUe an nay sang t h i gidi b^n kia thi cdthe sebi nhUng linh hdn khacdthe gidi ben kia tranh mat thUe an. Chinh vl the, de khdng cho nhUng linh hdn ay tranh thiJc an thi hp da chuan bi san cho 2 gid thufc an eho nhUng linh hon dd mdt phan va mot cho mukkei.
2. Kien true nha mo, Kago va nhufng gi^
trj trong 1^ b6 mi
Le bd ma la ndi md tap trung nhieu loai hinh nghe thuat nhU: Kien true, dieu khae, hpi hpa, am nhac, mua, trinh dien... vdi muc dich tien dUa ngUdi ehet ve "the gidi ben
Tap chi Khoa hpc xd hpi mien Trung, so 3 (29) - 2014 43 kia". Dong thdi "gidi thoat" hodn toan mpi
sU rang bude eUa ngUdi sdng ddi vdi ngUdi chit. Trong le Padhi Atuw, ngUdi Raglai da kiln tao mdt so cdng trinh d l phuc vu, do Id ngoi nha md vd chile Kago dat tren ndc.
Theo quan niem truyen thdng, nhd md vd Kago khdng dupc sCTa sang lai ma phai de chOng bi huy hoai theo thdi gian. Nhd mo dupe ngUdi Raglai gpi Id Sa (Sang) Atuw hoac Id Pok. Od Id nhUng ngdi nha san cao hon mat dat khodng 1,5m bang nguydn vat lieu khai thae quanh khu vuc cUtrU nhu tranh, tre, nUa, la. T h i nhUng nhd md, cdi nha cat tren nam md ngUdi qud cd, ngUdi ta lai gpi Id Sa (Sang) Atuw."Sang"trong ngdn ngUhe Chamic dVidt Nam la ngdi nhd dupe ngUdi ta xdy cat vUng chai bang nguydn vat lieu tU thd so den hien dai d l mpi ngUdI cung cU tru va sinh hoat. Hinh thUc, tien nghi vd chat lupng eCia ngdi nhd the hien khd nang kinh t l vd dja vj xa hdi eOa ngUdi sd hUu. Ngdi nha md cCia tde ngudi Raglai rat vUng chai vl dupc che tde, kiln tao mdt edeh ea'n than, ehu ddo. Vd trong ddi sdng tam linh, do la ngdi nha mdi khang trang, day du tien nghi md ngudi than noi tran the danh cho ke qua cd.
Ngudi Raglai ehdn eat ngUdi ehet trong mdt cdi huyet, sau hon 1,5m vd len chat da't (de phdng con thu tim dn xdc chit), dau hudng ve mat trdi lan.Vi t h i ngdi nhd nha mddupc cat tren nam md cung theo chieu hudng ay.
Nhd md eua ngUdi Raglai cd ndc nha bdn mdi hinh chU nhat, lop tranh san danh theo kilu hom 3, moi gdc nhd ra mot tum tranh Id, hp gpi dd Id dudi eon chim Balik, loai chim r;!t thdn thidn vdi ngUdi Raglai. Oe tao eho mdi ipp vUng chai, khdng bi tan hoang trong gid bdo, ngUdi ta dung nhilu thanh tre gia qudng dpc ngang budc chat vdi he thdng xUOng mdi (bang nhUng cdy tre) phia dudi.
XUPng mdi (bd gidn mdi cua ngdi nhd md) Id bd khung tre nUa, ed bang ed tay lam chUc
nang ddn tay va rui me. Oe cho bd xuong mdi vUng chae, nhUng thanh tre lidn k i t vdi nhau, ngudi Raglai d day khdng sU dung each xe mdng md ngdm ma dung nhUng loai day rUng budt ehat ehung vdi nhau. Bd mai nhd md dupe nang dd bdi he thdng vl cot phfa dudi.
He thdng cdt nha md ngUdi Raglai khdng cd djnh, tU 4 d i n 36 edt. Gia dlnh kha gid, lam nha mdtU 12 cdt trd Idn, ngheo khd lam tU 8 cdt trd xuong den 4 cdt. Chung thudng dupe lam bang danh mdc, cd khd ndng chju dung mUa gid nhU cay cam xe (Papah), cay cam lieng (KamUlidng) TrUdc khi sU dung, chung dupe bdo nhan , cd noi cdn p h i t chat dau verni chdng an mdn. Mdi chile cdt ed dudng kfnh 15 cm, dai 2m, ehdn xudng dat tU 30-35 cm, khodng each moi cay edt nhd md khdng nhd't djnh, tuy theo sd lupng md khodng cdch chia deu tuong Ung.Ol lien k i t nhUng cay cdt vdi nhau, ngUdi Raglai dung 6 thanh go diem rdng 20 cm, ddy 2 cm, chieu ddi tuong Ung vdi nam md. Ngdy xUa, hp dui 16 tdn nhUng dinh tre, hoac dung day may budt vao, ngay nay ngUdi ta dung dinh sat ddng nhUng thanh diem vao cot hoac xd mdng rdng bang be day cua nhUng thanh d i l m va trong chung vao dd. Tren nhUng tam thanh diem, ngUdi ta ve rat nhieu hinh dnh nhu nhUng nha tang Ipp ngdi, cay coi, rudng vUdn, nuong ray, chim mudng va rat nhieu hoa van hinh hoe, sdng nudc.v.v...
bang nhUng gam mdu ddi lap trang - den, vang - dd...Tren mdi cay cot, ngUdi ta trang tri nhUng khoang giay vdi nhUng gam mdu bat sang giUa nui rUng tham u.
Theo ly giai cua ngUdi Raglai, dd la t h i gidi eua cudc sdng nPi mien dat td tidn. 6 do, linh hdn ngUdi ehet den sdng va cung lam nuong phdt ray kilm k l sinh nhai. Bdi than nhdn noi tran the da vinh vien ehia xa sau dam tuan Padhi Atuw. Sau lan dat chide Kago
44 I
QUANGBAITUY6^tren ndc nha md, ngddi than trdng chung quanh nhdng loai cay cd k h i nang t i i t i i sinh nhd chuoi, thom, mia, trau, cau mangy niem ve mdt cudc sdng sung tdc cua ngddi qua c6 noi ben kia the gidi.
Chiec Kago (ahok) theo quan niem cda ngudi Raglai la sd g i l dua linh hdn ngddi ehet den vdi the gidi than linh va dng ba. &
mdt sd vung cd ngddi Raglai d Khanh Hda, cd loai Kago khae ggi la ahok (con tau nhd, binh thudng khdng cd trang trO cdn mang them mdt y nghla nda dd la con tau mang cac vj than "ddc" dl xa, Chiec Kago dugc dat tren ndc nha md II niem kieu hanh cua ddng tdc ngddi qua cd, the hien kinh te gia dinh chju le da cd cCia an cda de, kha gia han len.
Bdi le Padhi AtuvK cd Kago p h i i di lien vdi nha md t d 16 cdt trd len va phai lam thjt mdt con trau due lam le vat dang cdng vong linh ngddi qua cd. Kago la bieu tugng linh thieng trong le bd ma cua ngudi Raglai, hg cd nhieu loai hinh bd ma ( 4 cdt, 8 cdt, 12 cdt, 16 cdt va 32 cdt) trong cac loai hinh tren chi cd loai hinh 16 tru va 32 tru mdi cd Kago. Vi d loai hinh nay rat tdn kem ve kinh phi, tien cua, cho nen ho thudng ggi la dam Idn, chi cd d nhdng gia dinh nha giau, kinh te kham kha mdi cd the thdc hien ddgc va khi nang do da the hien kha chi tiet tdng mdtip cua bdc tranh ve tren bieu tugng Kago.
Kago lam bang cay gd chat t d rdng ve, trddc khi len rdng, cd cdng khan vai de tau vdi t h i n than rdng va td tien dng ba de xin phep chat cay go ve lam Kago, le vat la rdgu, thudc, trau. Gd lam Kago khdng phan biet chi can tdt va rin chic II dugc, che tac Kago chgn nhdng ngudi thg phii kheo tay cd hieu biet nhieu ve hinh tugng Kago, tdt nhat p h i i la ngddi trong ddng tdc. Bieu tugng Kago dddc lam theo hinh thuyen va toan canh nhdng mdtip dieu khic nhieu bieu tdgng khae nhau, nhin toan canh la mdt the gidi
quan sdng ddng, day dd ve vat chat the hien cho mot cudc sdng giau cd, Bieu tdgng cda Kago la mot cudc sdng sinh hoat thu nhd, mdt cudc sdng sung tdc, giau sang nhui nha lau, rudng vUdn mdt mau xanh tuoi tdt;
bien trdi bao la day chim ca.,, cd nghla rang d cdi sdng mong sao dUa ngddi qua cd den vdi cugc sdng g i l u sang hon, bdi the Kago ddgc khieng ve nha md va dat mdt each can than p h i n tren cda ndc nha md, la noi trang trgng nhat gianh cho ngddi qua cd, tpc ngddi Raglai thddng ggi hinh tdgng Kago i l Sa Kaya (nha giau). Xa hdi ngddi Raglai til xa xda chda cd sd phan hoa giai cap, de n\i phan djnh le tuc. Neu trong qua khd, le Padhi Atuw trong ddng tdc chUa cd chiec Kago dat tren ndc nha md (tdong dng vdi viec hien te con trau lam le vat cung te va thet dai hg toe xdm lang) ma ngay nay con chau mudn c6 thi chi can td chde cudc le ta ldi vdi td tien va xin ddgc lam dam Idn cd Kago la td tien'se dng thuan" va 'khdng cdn mac cd"'.
Kago dugc lam bang nhdng mieng van cay gd sdrdni cd kha nang chju dddc mUa gii trong mdt thdi gian dai. Chiec Kago hinh thii nhu mdt con tau Idn dang di tren bien, dii khoang 1,2m, rdng 0, 4m. Tren khoang, ba ngdi nha xep theo chieu dai than tau, dgiiia ngdi nha ba tang bdn mai ngdi do, tudng xanh, hai ben la ngdi nha tret cung bdn mai, mau sac nhu nha tang.Trddc cda nhdng ngdi nha, dat nhdng bdc tdgng "ngddi gid nha' bing go son xanh son vang, ggi len cuoc sdng kha gia. Bac biet tren mdi ndc nhdng ngdi nha cd cay kiem (bang go) chia mui len trdi, trong than kiem khoet trang tri nhdng hinh mat trdi (gida), ngdi sao (tren) va m6t nda hinh mat trang, dgc hai ben mdi W6(
kiem hai con rdng b i n g go mau vang cung ' Thap Lien Truong, Chau Van Huynh, Q u ^ Dai Tuyen (2009): PhOng van cu Da Mai Thiep, 63 tui, thon Dong Thong, xa Phudc Chien, Ninh Tbuln.
T^p chf Khoa hoc xa hdi mien Trung, so 3 (29) - 2014 45 quay xuong ndc nha^. Ngodi ra, tren san
khoang tdu c6n cd nhufng con thu khae nhu con h6, eon ch6...la nhufng con thu thudng thay trong cudc sdng ddi thudng giUa nui riing cCia ngudi Raglai.
Trdn "than tau", ngUdi ta trang trf rat nhieu hinh dnh tdi hidn cudc sdng noi bdn kia t h i gidi' nhu ngdi nhd ba tang, ddm rudng, cay dUa, chim mudng, vay cd sau, mdy, hoi nUdc va nhUng chiec khien (hai hinh tam gidc ddi dlnh) sUdung vdi thanh kilm de bdo vd"eon tdu"eCia vong linh.Oacbiet, quanh than tau, nhCifng con chim, gan gui vdi cudc song nui ru"ngddutrdnnhUng4eap"sUngtrau"quanh
"thdn tau"(Balik:2 con,barabuk, katraw, eata, awdk, cawei, caraw)''. Mdu sac chu dao cua nhUng hoa vdn, hinh dnh tren "than tdu" la mdu trang (vdi), den (than cui), vdng (nghe) vd dd (nghe dd)va mdt sd hinh dnh son mdu xanh nUdc bien, mdu xanh eCia cay Id^. Day id nhUng gam mau hang cd trong cudc song tran gian cCia toe ngUdi Raglai giUa nui rUng thdm u xa xUa.
Toan cdnh mdtip didu khae, ve, cham tro tren bieu tUpng "Kago" la mdt bUc tranh thu nhd, the hien cho cudc sdng giau sang, sung tUc cd nhd lau, rudng vUdn tdt tUPi, bien trdi bao la day chim cd. Oieu nay t h i hien khdt vpng cua cdi Duong gianh cho cdi Am, nen chile "Kago" dupc ddt can than d noi trang trpng nhat tren ndc nhd md eua tdc ngUdi Raglai. Ngdi nha mo vd chiec Kago ddt tren ' Tu lieu dien da 2009, Theo nhu c^c cu Chamalea Ch6ng, Chamalea Binh cho rfUig mot con dau huong l£n nhu muon luprt duoi nhau.
' Tu lieu dien dS 2009' Theo quan niem ciia nguoi Raglai c u ^ song it ben kia the gjoi ciing nhu nguoi tian gian.
* Tu li^u dien dS 2009: Chim Balik 2 con ben no la loai chim than thien, khong pM h o ^ miia mang ma con nrpt du6i loiU chim phd bo9i khae.
' Tu li^u dien da 2009: Theo ong Da Mai Bang, ngum Raglai c6 tr6ng nghe den (kunyik had£^), nghe 66 Oamyik mariah), ngh$ vang (kunyik).
ndc cd t h i tdn tai mdt thdi gian gan mdt thap ky, dau cho than nhan tren tran gian chang bao gid nhdn tay bude lai mdt spi day da mue.
NgUdi Raglai quan nidm rang, dUdng di d i n t h i gidi to tien dunya mukkei rat xa xdi, phdi di qua nhieu doi nui, vi the ho can chuan bj rat nhilu thUc an cho linh hdn ngUdi chit. Linh hdn ngUdi ehet ehUa biet dudng di den plei ddnh eho hp nen thay chu le phdi chi hudng cho linh hdn ngUdi ehet qua nhUng ddng tdc mua. Hp cung khdng mudn linh hdn ngUdi ehet quay lai quay phd giadinh ngUdi song dtrangian.Chinhvlthi, hp thudng tien linh hdn Ataw tai nga ba, vl n l u trd lai nga ba dUdng do thi linh hdn ngUdi ehet se khdng biet chpn con dudng nao ve, nhU the linh hon ngUdi ehet se trd lai con dudng ma thay chu le da chi hudng di ve plei ddnh cho ngUdi chit. Sau le bd md, linh hdn ngUdi ehet hodn toan tdch khdi mpi rdng bupc eua ngUdi sdng, ngUdl ehet thUc su di d i n "qud huong mdi" eua minh.
Cdn ngudi sdng dupe"gidi phdng"thoat khdi mpi lien he vdi ngudi chit. Ndi each khae, luc ndy ngUdi ehet chuyen sang trang thdi sdng khae, khdng lien he gi vdi ngUdi than nUa.
Do vay ngUdi Raglai khdng cd tue thd eung gio chap hay Idm bdn thd ngUdi chit sau le bd ma. Le bd md dupe thUe hien chu dao eho bat ky ed nhan ndo cua cdng dong, khdng phan bidt luc cdn sdng hp cd hien lanh hay hung dU, that tha hay gian ngoa hoac sdng khdng phai dao lam ngUdi vdi dan Idng, vdi cha me, vp chdng, anh em trong gia dlnh.
Day chinh la tfnh nhan van doe ddo trong mdt le hdi mang dam net truyen thdng eCia tpc ngUdi Raglai.
Le bd md eua ngudi Raglai the hien tinh cdm, trach nhidm cua ngUdi song ddi vdi ngUdi chit. Ddng thdi cdn la dip the' hidn sU den on dap nghTa cdng lao dng bd, bdo
46 i QUANGDAITUYEN
hieu cha mevdedn b i l u hidn tinh lang nghTa xdm gan ket ben chat, the hien van hda ufng xuf giufa con ngUdi vdi con ngUdi. Le bd ma eua ngUdi Raglai eung ehUa dUng nhOfng quan nidm ve sU sdng, edi ehet va quan nidm ve the gidi tdm linh. Doi vdi hp, ehet khdng phdi Id h i t ma la sU bat dau eho cudc sdng khdc d mpt t h i gidi khdc, dd Id xU sd eCia dng bd to tien. Hp cho rang khi chit, linh hdn se dupc ve vol the gidi to tien, hp se dUpc gap lai nhUng ngUdi than da ehet trUdc dd va day cung la niem vui, nguon an ui ddi vdi eon ngUdi khi chit. Le bd ma khdng qui dinh v l sd ngudi, cd t h i Idm cho mpt ngUdl hay Idm chung cho nhieu ngUdi trong cung mdt ddng hp.Tinh than hudng veto tien van t h i hien trong tinh cam cua ngUdi Raglai cho tha'y hp khdng he bd quen nguon cdi mac du hp khdng cd tuc thd cung to tien, khdng chdm sdc khu nha md eua ngUdi c h i t sau khi da lam le bd ma. Vao ede dip eung Id, ngudi ta van khan vai mdi dng ba v l ehUng giam va hudng le vat, nhd't Id trong cac l l an dau lua mdi.
3. Mot so kien nghj
Qua mpt sd hidn tupng da nay sinh, chung tdi tam neu len mdt so bien phap nham gdp them y kien v l vide luu giU dung gia trj truyen thong eua le Padhi Atuw:
Mpf id, can thUc hidn nghidn cUu todn dien de danh gid hidn trang vdn hda cCia ngUdi Raglai ndi chung va le bd ma ndi rieng.
Day chfnh Id nhUngtUlieu khoa hpc de phue vu cho cdng tae nghidn cUu van hda dan tpc vd cdng tde bao tdn, phat huy, phdt t r i i n van hda Raglai hien nay. Viec quan trpng nhat hidn tai ehinh Id Idm cho cpng dong Raglai hieu v l gia trj thUc cua le bd ma. Cdng vide ndy rat can su phdi hpp ddng bp giufa chinh quyin dja phUong, nhd nghien cUu va gid
lang. Vide tuydn truyen nay se giup cho cdng dong hieu dUpc rang, le Padhi Atuw nham tien dUa linh hon ngUdi c h i t hda vao tU nhien vd d i n vdi the gidi dng ba chu" khong phai de cho linh hon bj giam cam mai mai trong nam md kieng co va khong t h i sieu thoat vao t h i gidi to tidn.
IHaild, phat huy vai trd cCia gia larig vd bo lao trong vide duy tri nhUng gid tri van hda truyen thdng. Hp la nhCifng ngUdi truyen lai nhUng kinh nghiem, tri thUc dan gian, nhufng hieu biet ve phong tuc tap qudn cua dan tpc minh eho the he k l can. Chinh nhCfng ngUdl nay se giup cong dong Raglai hieu them ve Id Padhi Atuw vd cd the se cd nhUng nhac nhd hoac khuyen bao nhOng gia dlnh c d ^ dinh xay ngdi md bang vdt lieu hidn dai nhU xi mdng, gach men cho than nhan qud c l eua minh... Cd nhuthe, ngUdi Raglai mdi duy tri dupc nhUng gia trj truyen thdng vdn cd cua mmh lau ddi.
Ba Id, ve phan vat lieu xay dUng nhd m6, t h i l t nghT nd'u nhutrong cdng ddng cho rang vide khdng dung gd rUng de lam edt nha mo vdi muc dieh bdo vd mdi trudng tU nhien, hp ed the dung chat lieu bang xi mang lam cdt d l thay the. Tuy nhien, ridng ve ngdi mp nen lam theo truyen thdng bay lau ma ngUdi Raglai van hay lam dd Id diJng datdedaplai vd rao xung quanh. Phan nde eCia ngdi mp khdng ndn dung ton ma nen dung cay tranh, tre vd nUa...; vdn Id vdt lieu rat pho b i i n d khu rUng nui cd ngUdi Raglai sinh sdng.
Ket luan
Raglai la mpt tdc ngudi theo ngU he Ma- layd- Pdlyndsien, rat gan gui vdi cdc dan tpc Cham, £ Oe, Gia Rai va Chu Ru... Hidn nay, toe ngUdi Raglai v i n cdn luu giU nhUng phong tuc tap qudn co truyen tdt dep, nhijfng nghi le mang tinh than nhan bdn cao, k i t thanh bdn sac vdn hod tdc ngUdi ben canh nhufng
Tap chf Khoa hpc xd hdi mien Trung, so 3 (29) - 2014 47 loai hinh van hpc nghe thuat ddc sac. Mdt
trong nhufng phong tuc tap qudn co truyin tot dep do, ngUdi Raglai da va dang thUc hidn nghi le ddc bidt, phdn dnh vd tuu trung bdn sac vdn hod, kinh te, xa hdi eCia tde ngUdi Id nghi le bd md Padhi Atuw. Day la ndi ket tinh nhUng gid trj, tinh hoa vdn hda dac sae nhat cOa ngUdi Raglai tU am thUe, kiln true, am nhac, lenghi, triet ly nhdn sinh....
Thong qua le bd md da khae hpa dupc quan nidm v l vu tru luan trong tam linh cua hp. Thdng qua chile Kago vd nhUng nghi thUc Cling t l thi ed t h i nhan thay tdm linh cOa ngudi Raglai v l mdt the gidi trong dd CO the gidt cua than linh nogaryang, the gidi tran tuc nagar vd the gidi td tien nagar muk- kei.
Vide nghidn cUu le Padhi atuw ndi ridng va le hpi ei!ia ngUdi Raglai ndi chung se gdp phin tim ra bdn sac vdn hda da dang vd phong phu de bdo lUu vd phat huy trong cupc sdng hidn nay, d l van hda Raglai se ddng gdptieheUevdhUu hidu trong viec xay dung mdt ddi sdng van hda Idnh manh k i t hpp chat ehe truyen thdng va hidn dai, tren CO sd bdn sac van hda truyen thdng cua dan tdc minh.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Cobbey, Vurnell (1972), Some northern Raglai beliefs about the suppernatural, Southeast Asia, Vol II (I), Winter, tr. 125-129.
2. Maxwell Cobbey (1980), A first case of historiography among the Raglai, trong Notes from Indochina on ethnic minorities culture.
SIL museum of anthropology, Dallas, Texas,tr.
61-84.
3. Nguyen T h i Sang (2003), Md hinh eon tdu (Ahog) trong nghi le cdu eOng cda ngUdi Raglai, trong "NhUng van de van hda vd ngdn ngU Raglai", Nxb Oai hpe Qude gia, Thanh phd Hd Chf Minh, tr. 106-123.
4. Thap Lien TrUdng, Chdu Van Huynh, Qudng Oaf Tuyen (2009), Khdo sdt ie bd md cija ngUdi Raglai d Ninh Thudn (TU lieu dien dd), Trung tam Nghidn cUu van hda Cham, tinh NinhThudn.
5. Toshihiko SHINE (2009), The Symbolic Role of Literacy as a Standard to Distinguish the Raglai from the Cham, Senri Ethnological Studies 74, tr. 129-172.
6. Vd Cdng Nguydn (2003), Mpt so nghe thu edng truyen thong eCia ngudi Raglai, trong
"NhUng van d i v a n hda va ngdn ngU Raglai", Nxb Oai hpe Qude gia, Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh, tr. 224-234.