LEN MEN RI/0U VANG TlT DICH EP TRAI CACAO
Trdn the gidl, edy cocao dugc biet den nhu mdt cdy cdng nghipp mong Igi hi0u qud kinh te eao, hgt cacao dung de che bien chocolate vd Idm thdc udng rdt quy, Hidn noy, cacao dong trd thdnh cdy trdng ehuyen conh cuo nhleu vung. Vi0c phdt trien cocao tgi Vidt Nam Id mpt hudng di mang Igi nhieu lpi ich eho ngUdI ddn, Binh Phudc Id tfnh cd dieu kipn ty nhien thugn Ipi nhu cd nhieu dipn tfch cdy didu, edy Idm nghipp vd cdy dn trdi ede lopi ed the tgo tdn che dd phdt trien cdy cocao. Vdi the mgnh dd, cdy CO eao dd dupc dio phuong xem Id mpt trong nhQng cdy trdng chu IUc cuo tfnh, cd Idi thd cgnh tronh, Trong cdc ndm quo, tfnh Binh PhUdc dd tdp trung phdt trien trdng co coo. dgc bipt xdy dyng nhieu md hinh trdng co coo dudi tdn didu, Theo de dn phdt trien cdy cocao d tfnh Binh PhUde, den ndm 2015 dipn tieh edy co coo todn tfnh dgt khodng 30 ngdn ha, sdn IUdng cocao trdi tUdi 450-500 ngdn tdn/ndm, cocao hpt thUdng phdm 40-45 ngdn tdn/ndm, Theo dd, Bu E)dng se phdt trien mgnh nhd't vdl 7,000 ho, tidp ddn Id Bu Ddp vdi 5,000 ho. edn igi ede dia phUdng khdc tU 1,000-3.000 ha.
Tuy nhien, ipi nhugn thu dUpe td cdy cocoo ChUa nhieu, Ngudi ndng ddn mdi ehf thu hogch trdi cacao. Idn men hpt vd bdn sdn phdm thd cho ede td chdc vd cd nhdn thu muo. Nhu chdng to dd biet, trdi cacao ed 3 thdnh phdn ehinh: vd qud. Idp cdm nhdy vd hpt cacao.
Udc tinh, mdi qud cocao, phdn hgt tUdi chie'm khodng gdn 40% khdi IUdng qud. phdn cdnfgild vd qud vd cui try khodng hOn 60%. Trong phdn hgt tUdl. Idp edm nhdy chiem khodng 0,2%,
Ldp cdm nhdy mdu trdng ndm boo quanh hgt cocao cd vj chuo, ngpt. thdm dge trUng.
Thdnh phdn hdo hpe Idp cdm nhdy dUdc the hidn d bdng 1,
Bdng 1: Thdnh phdn hoa hoc Idp cdm nhdy cua hot cocao
Thdnh phan Tyleft)
Node 82-87
Dtldng 10-13
Pentosan 2-3
Acid citric 1-2
Muoi 8-10
t^nht. Cdu tgo trdi cacao
Hdm IUdng dUdng eao sd bj chuyen hda thdnh axit acetic trong qud trinh len men. Ddy Id mpt trong nhQng ly do ddn den hgt cocoo sou len men thUdng ed hdm IUpng acid eao vd Idm chdt luong liquor (nguyen lieu Idm chocolate) bj ddnh gid Id chuo, Hon nQo. Idp nhdy qud nhleu eung Idm dnh hUdng dd'n qud trinh tpo hUdng cho sdn phdm, Mpt gidl phdp dUdc dUo ro nhdm edi thidn qud trinh Idn men. ndng cao chdt IUdng hgt cocao Id tdch mpt phdn djch dp to tdp com nhdy cuo hgt tUdi de too ra mpt sdn phdm co gid trj, Mgt khdc, thdnh phdn hda hpc cuo djch ep cocoo cho thd'y nd cd ddy du cdc yeu td co the trd thdnh nguydn lipu de sdn xudt rUdu vong nhu hdm IUdng dUdng cao, Ben cgnh dd, dich ep ndy ne'u dUpc nghidn cdu de tgo thdnh nhUng sdn phdm cd gid trj phyc vy eho ddi sdng khdng nhdng gio tdng hidu qud kinh td cuo edy cocao md edn gdp phdn Idm tdng ehdt IUdng hot cocoo d nUdc to ndi chung vd Binh PhUdc ndi rieng, Tren thi trudng cung dd xud't hipn mdt sd sdn phdm nhU rUdu vang, nUdc mdu dUde sdn xud't t u t u djch ep cocoo.
Trong bdi bdo ndy, chung tdi gidi thipu quy trinh len men rUdu vong cocoo cd bd sung vi sinh vdt (ldn men djnh hUdng), De thu dUpc dich dp cdn iogi bd phdn vd ngodi rdt ddy. Dung doo hogc thonh gd de tdch Idp vd, sou do tdch bd phdn cudng d gido thu dUdc hot cocoo Cho hot vdo boo ludi vd dUo vdo thiet bj dp, DUdi tde dung cuo IUc ep, djch cacc? se chdy quo cdc Id tren thdn thiet bj vd to t: , j djch bdng thou nhdm d dUdi ddy thie't bi. Khodng 10kg hgt cocao se ep dUde 2,2 lit dich cocao (Hinh 2).
S<( Khoii hot- va Cont; njih? Binh PhUdc
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(c) C o n g d o a n e p h o t c o c a o
(e) Hgt trUde khi e p Ce) Hgt sou khi e p l-linh 2. Cdc cong dogn trong qud trinh
ep hgtcacao
Hgt c o c o o sou khi d p djch v d n dUde tie'p t u e Idn m e n gid'ng nhU truyen t h d n g , Uu d i e m khi ldn men hgt c o c a o sou khi Iogi b d t mdt p h d n dich Idp c o m n h d y Id rut n g d n , thdi gion len m e n chf c d n 4- 5 n g d y , gidm b d t d p c h u o c u o h o t sou len men, Phdn d j c h c a e o o sou khi e p e d m d u t r d n g d y e , mui t h d m g i d n g m u i m d n g c d u , n g p t d g c trUng. Dich sou khi d p se d U d e Igc q u o Idp v d i . sou d d d u n d 850C. thdi g i a n 15 p h u t n h d m t i e u diet vi sinh v g t c d m g t t r o n g n g u y e n l i p u . v d h o g t enzyme, C h u n g tdl d d x d e dinh m p t sd t h d n h p h d n h d o h p c c u o d j c h c a c a o , Ke't q u d d U p c t h e hipn trong b d n g 2,
Bdng 2: Ket qud xac djnh thdnh phdn nguyen lieu dich c a c a o
Ttiong so Nong d o chio't khio hioo t o n C°Bx) pH
Hdm laong d u d n g khCl Cg/lOOmI) Hdm lacing d a d n g t o n g C%)
Ham IUdng 18 3.28 10,94 17,96
Ket q u d t r o n g b d n g 2 c h o t h d y IUpng ch6W k h d h d o t o n d u d i e u kidn d e Idn m e n . NhUng do pH t h d p ( h d m IUdng axit c a o ) n e n vj r d t c h u a . Do d d , c d n d i e u chfnh pH b d n g m u d i Na2C03 n h d m t g o pH t h i c h h d p vdi q u d trinh Idn men rUdu d d n g t h d i b d sung t h e m d U d n g . Sou d d bd sung n d m m e n S o c c h a r o m y c e s cerevisiae vd len m e n t r o n g c d c binh d d y n d p c h g t t d 2 ddn 3 t h d n g , LUu y . k h d n g d o d i c h len m e n d d y binh;
t h e tieh d j c h Idn m e n b a n g 2/3 t h e tfch c u o binh d j c h Idn m e n ,
- S o u q u d trinh idn m e n , sdn p h d m rUdu c a c a o t o o t h d n h c d m d u v d n g s d n g hdi s d m , trong, hUdng t h d m d g c trUng c u o d j c h q u d c o c a o vd c d n , vj hdi c h u o ,
Bdng 3: Ch? tieu hda lisdn phdm rUdu cacao Thdnti ptian
N o n g d o chid't kt^o t i d d t a n pH
H d m IUdng a d d t d n g H d m l u o n g d u d n g t o n g H d m IUdng d u d n g ktiCl H d m l u o n g e t h a n o l
Dcfn vj tinh
»Bx
g/lOOml
%
0/100ml
%(v/v) Gia tri
4,23 3,86 1,4 4,28 2,98 14,94 Q u y trinh len m e n v o n g c o c o o tQu djch ep trdi d u p e trinh b d y t r o n g sd d o dUdi d d y .
55:02/2013
Nguyen t^lnh Hiin TriJdng Bgl Itoc N6ng Ldm, TP. H6 Cht Minh