Li luan va de xuat mo hm

Vii PhUdno Lien, Nguyen Thj PliilOng Vy, L8 Thil HUng

Siao due STEM trong triToing phd thong nham phat trien nang lUc hdp tac giai quyet van de cho hpc sinh:

Li luan va de xuat mo hmh trien l(hai trong day hpc

/u PhiTdng Lien', Nguyen Thj Phirdng Vy^

-e Thai Himg=

Email' hssvsvhs@gmail,com Email- ptiuongvynt,95@gmail com Email: hunglethai82@gmail.com 'n/clng Oai hoc Giao dgc, Oai hpc Quoc gia HS Noi 144 XuSn ThiJy, Cau GiSy, Hk ^0i, Vigt Nam

TOM TAT: Phit trien foin di$n nang Idc va pham chSt cho ngUdi hoc la mot trong nhUng dinh hudng, nhiem vu guan trong nhat cua dSi mdi cin ban toin dien giao due d Viet Nam. Theo do, can co sd thay doi cin bin trong thiet ki chuang trinh, bien soan sach giao khoa, to chUc d$y hoc va kiSm tra danh gii nhim tao moi trudng de ngudi hgc hinh thanh va phit triSn nang lUc va phim chSt ca nhan. Bai viSt nay de cap dSn giio due STEM va phat trien ning lUc hap tic giai quyet van de cho ngUdi hoc tr^n cd sd tong hap ngin ggn cd phin tich minh hoa dS hieu dung vi STEM, mdi quan he gida cac thanh to Toan hoc thuc tien, KTthuit dan giin, Khoa hoc lithu va Cong ngh$ tdi uu. Bai viSt cung de xuat md hinh trien khai day hoc theo tiep can STEM nham phat tnen nang luc hap tic giii quyet van de cho hoc sinh.

Tii KHOA: STEM; hdp tac gidi quyet van de; nang liTc; hoc sinh pho thong.

•» Nhan bSi 16/01/2019 -» Nhan kit qua phSr bien va chinh siia 25/02/2019 -» Duyet ijang 25/03/2019.

1 . E)$t v a n d e

Dao tao ra doi ngu nhan lire chat luang cao la mpt trong ihung yeu cau tat yen doi vai nganh Giao due hien nay.

3hinh vi vay, giao due can huong den muc tieu phat trien can dien nang lire (NL) va pham ehat cho nguai hpe, giiip iguoi hge giai quyet dupe eac van de trong thirc tien. De Jap ung dupe yeu cau nay thi nganh Giao due can co nhimg loi moi toan dien: Tir chuong trinh, hinh thue to chu-e, kiem :ra, danh gia de giup nguai hpc co dupe kha nang lam viec inh hoat trong mpi moi tnrang lam viee eo tinh sang tao, :hach thiie cao. Hoat dong giao due STEM la mpt trong ihijng hinh thiic dupe ki vpng co the pha va khoang each jiua kien thitc trong saeh va va thirc tien, giup qua trinh Ipc tap CO y nghia han. De giao due STEM co the tien xa ion mpt khau hieu, eac nha giao due can hieu ro moi chu

;ai trong tir "STEM" co y nghta la gi, moi lien he giira cac .hanh to S - Khoa hpc li thu, T - KT thuat don gian, E - Cong igh? toi uu, M - Toan hoc thuc tien, caeh thue trien khai :ac hoat dpng giao due STEM. Trong giao due STEM, quan rpng nhat la giai quyet dupe eac van de thuc tien. Nhu vay, Je hoat dpng hieu qua ben canh kha nang giai quyet van de, Ipc sinh (HS) can hop tae v6i cae thanh vien khac trong ihom. Tu do, HS eo the phat trien eac NL trong do co NL ipp tac giai quyet van de mot each rat tu nhien. Trong bai )ao nay, chiing toi lam ro cac yeu to ciia STEM cung nhu i^ mo hinh hoat dpng giao due STEM de giup HS phat trien -JL hop tae giai quyet vin de

2. Npi d u n g n g l i i e n ciiru

2.1. Str tfch hdp hu'u ctf cua loan hpc thifc tien, Khoa hoc li

thii, Kl thuat ddn gian va Cong nghe toi iHi

STEM la thuat ngii viet tat ciia eac tii Science (Khoa hgc), Technology (Cong nghe), Engineenng (KT thuat) va Mathe- matics (Toan hpc). Thuat ngii nay Auac sii dyng trong nhieu ITnh vue nhu chinh sach phat trien, nghe nghiep, giao due...

Hien nay, trong giao due, STEM dang nhan duac sir quan tam ciia nhieu to chiic, nha nghien ciiu vai ki vpng eo the giiip HS hinh thanh, phat trien NL, tir do dinh huong ngh^

nghiep cho cac em. Truoc khi tim hieu the nao la STEM, chiing ta xet mpt so khai niem, vi du ve 4 tru cot chinh cua STEM la Toan hpc, Khoa hpe, Ki thuat va Cong ngh?.

Toan I19C thirctien: Toan hpc khong chi la nhimg phep tinh cpng, tni, nhan, ehia hay nhiing con so, nhiing cong thiic kho khan. Toan hpc la mgt phan cua cuge s6ng hing ngay, giiip ban xii li dupe nhirng van de don gian nhu chi tieu hpp li, nau an theo eong thiie, ehia se vai ban be va ca nhirng van dg phirc tap hon nhu tim ra quy luat van hanh cua the giai.

Khoa hoc li thii: Khoa hpc thuang dupe biet d^n nhiing dung cu, hoa chat, phong thi nghiem xa la. Nhung chinh nha khoa hpc, chiing ta tim hieu, giai thich nhiing hien tupng xung quanh, phat minh ra nhiing ling dung li thii phuc vu con nguoi. Nhiing bai hgc tii khoa hpc phai dupe nit ra tu qua trinh lam thi nghiem de dam bao dp tin cay eua ket qua.

Thieu di nhiing bang chimg vu'ng chac, khoa hge se mai chi la nhiing y tuang chir khong the coi la co so khoa hpc.

KT thuat don gian: KT thuat la hanh trinh kham pha cac van de trong cugc song va tim ra each giai quySt. Cac kT su phai luon chii y, quan sat xung quanh de tim ra nhiing van de, van dung su sang tao de tim ra huong giai quylt.

Sd 15 thang 03/2019 41

N G H l l N COrU Ll LUAN

Mpi giai phap se duoc len y tuong, thiet kk, xay dimg va sii dung may moe, thigt bi. KT thuat se giiip chiing ta san xuit ra nhiing chiec ban chai nho xinh dap iing nhu cau lam sach rang hay ca mot tua-bin gio giai quyet van de nang lupng saeh.

Cong nghe toi iru: Cong nghe la t6i uu hoa cac kign thiic khoa hgc, ki thuat nham eai thien moi thir quanh ta. Dien thoai thong minh, hay don gian nhu bong den cam img la nhiing vi du dien hinh ve kha nang giiip cupc song tra nen d& dang hon ciia eong nghe. Khong phai eong nghe nao cung bong bay, phiic tap. Nhiing phat minh tuyet vai nhat la nhung phat minh mang lai loi ich tat ca cho mgi nguoi. Co rat nhigu cong nghe tuyet vai nhu ehiee xe tu lai, he thong am thanh nghe nhac hien dai. Tuy nhign, khong phai ai eung dii kha nang de sa hiru nhirng thiet bi nay.

Bon ITnh vuc nay xuat hien trong hau het hoat dpng hang ngay eua ehiing ta, giiip chiing ta giai quyet dugc cac van dg tir don gian den phirc tap trong cuoc song.

Vi du nhu trong mgt hoat dpng tong ve sinh lop hpc, HS co the ap dung toan hgc trong viec sit dung kinh phi hop ii de chuan bi dung eu ve sinh, khoa hge se giiip eae ban lua chpn hoa chat dg tay sach eae vet bang dinh tren bang; khi can thiet ke mgt dung cu

quel mang nhen tren cao, HS can sir dung yeu to kT thuat;

va de toi uu hoa dung cu eiia minh thi HS co the ap dung yeu to cong nghe, voi su giiip do cua giao vien de tao ra mpt thiet bi bay khong nguoi lai thuc hien nhiem vu hiit bui, dgn ve sinh.

Tir do, chiing ta co the dua ra dinh nghTa ve giao due STEM; "Gido due STEM la mot phuang phdp hgc tap tiep cdn lien ngdnh, d dd nhiing kien thuc hdn Idm dugc ket hop chdt che vdi cdc hdi hgc Ihuc le thdng qua viic hgc dugc dp dung nhimg kien thuc Khoa hpc, Cong nghi, KT thudt vd Todn hgc vdo trong nhimg bdi cdnh cu thi tgo nen mgt kel ndi giiea nhd tnrdng, cdng dong vd cdc doanh nghiep cho phep ngudi hgc phdi Irien nhirng ki ndng STEM vd ldng khd ndng cgnh tranh trong nen kinh li mdi" (Tsupros, 2009). Tix do, ta co thg nhan thay STEM quan trgng nh4t la khd ndng gidi quyet dugc cdc van de trong thuc tten, ngu khong thue hien dugc viee nay thi STEM se khong thg dap ling duoc ki vgng ciia chiing ta hien nay ia hinh thanh va phat tnen NL cho nguoi hge (xem Hinh 1),

Tir nhiem vu tren, co the thay bon !Tnh vuc nay co m6i lien quan chat ehe voi nhau. Khi can giai quyet mot vdn d£, HS eo thg kgt hpp 2, 3 trong so 4 yeu to ciia STEM, tuy nhien khi ehiing ta co the ket hop dugc ca bon yeu t6 se thu dugc kgt qua toi uu nhat. Khi hoat dpng STEM duoc thigt kg mpt each kheo leo, co thg giiip nguoi hpc trai nghiem, thu thap kien Ehirc. hinh thanh NL mpt each rat tu nhien Khoa hoc - Toan hpc la nen mong kien thirc de HS van dung vao giai quyet nhiem vu. Khi da eo cac y tuong dua tren cac kien thiie nay. HS se len y tuong thiet ke, sir dung cac giai phap kT thuat dg tim ra mpt dpng ca dcm gian Buac

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Hinh I: Bon yeu to ciia gido due STEM trong nhiim vii thiet ki sdn phdm hut bui. dgn ve sinh trin cao

cuoi ciing la tir toi uu hoa dpng ca nay bang cong nghe, Duong nhien, trong mpt nhiem vu nho thi kho co the huy dpng dli ca bon ITnh vuc, nhung xet tong the cac hoat dong thi vai tro ciia tirng ITnh vuc can dupe lam ro de eo the tao dupe hoat dgng STEM dung nghTa

Tren thuc tg, HS khong chi van dung kien thiic ve cong nghe de hoan thien, ma van dung ca bon ygu to de hoan thanh. Tir do. chung ta eo the tong ket dugc cac buac dev^n dung eae ITnh vue nay vao giai quyet mgt nhiem vu thuc tign (xem Hinh 2):

i Sir dtjng kien thurcv^

I toan va khoa hoc

L#nytu6ng, thiet ke, chet^o

Len <i tucmg, thiet ke, che tao

I Tim toi, bo sur% kiln ' thiic ve toan va klioa hpc

Toi uu hoa hogt dong I bang cong ngh$

Ket hpp cong nghe 3e toi uu hoa quy trinh

Quy tiiDh 1 Quy trvah 2 Hinh 2: Quy trinh gidi quyet vdn di qua STEM

Z.2. Hoat ffong giao due STEM phat trien nang life clio lioc sinh dl tru&ng pho thong

* Hinh thiic to chuc

Hoat dong giao due STEM trong nha truong co thi dupe to chiic duoi dang: Tich hpp trong cac mon hpe va tich hpp trong cac hoat dong ngoai khoa. Hai hinh thiic t6 chirc nay deu CO Chung mpt muc tigu la phat trign NL cho nguoi hoc (xem Hinh 3)

42 TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM

Vu PhUOng Li6n, Nguyen Thi Phiidng Vy, Le Thii HUng

Hinh 4: Quy trinh 6E (Burke,B.N (2014)

Hinh 3: Con dudng gido due STEM trong nhd trudng - D^y hgc cdc mon hgc thugc linh viec STEM: Hinh thiic chii yeu to chiie trong nha truong, duge trien khai trong qua trinh day hpc cae mon hoc STEM nhu Toan hgc, Hoa hpc.

Vat li, Sinh hpc, Cong nghe. Tin hpc .. theo huong tigp can hen mon. Chii dg bam sat ehuong trinh hpc ciia cac mon hpc thanh phin va khong lam phat smh thgm then gian hge tap.

~ Hogt dgng trdi nghiem: Nha truang eo thg ket hpp vai don vi khae nhu doanh nghiep, tmng tam STEM, trung tam nghien cim cua cac truang dai hpc dg to chiic cac boat dpng STEM. CJ do, HS dupe lam thi nghiem, tao cac mo hinh ki thuat, tim hieu ve cong nghe eao, van dung cac kign thire li thuygt vg toan hpc, khoa hpc. Vdi hinh thiic nay, co the tan dung dupe co so vat chat hien dai ciia cae ca so giao due dai hgc, trung tarn trai nghiem. Ngoai ra, eac truang co the trien khai giao due STEM thong qua hoat dpng cau lac bo: cau lac bg khoa hpc vui, eau lac bp robotics... Thong qua eac eau lac bp nay, HS co thg tim hieu them vg cac nganh nghg trong linh vue STEM, ren luyen va buoe Aiu hinh thanh kT nang nghien ciiu, tiln dl eho viec triln khai eae du an trong khuon kh6 cugc thi khoa hge kT thuat. Ben eanh do, cac em cung se thiy dupe NL, sd thich, gia tri ban than vdi cac nghe nghiep thupc ITnh vue STEM.

- Hoat dgng nghien cuu khoa hgc, ki thuat: Hien nay, vdi hinh thirc xet tuyen thang vao dai hpc cho HS dat giai nhdt, nhi, ba trong ki thi khoa hpc kT thuat danh eho HS trung hpc da gop phin thuc day eac hoat dgng nghien ciiu cua HS. Cac hoat dgng nay ed the nghign ciiu ve nhieu chu dl khac nhau, dac biet danh cho eac HS ed NL, dam me, thich tira toi va kham pha. Nha trudng cd the to chiic cac hoat dgng khoa hpc kT thuat, tao san chai eho cac em HS, ddng thdi tim kilm cac em ed dii NL tham gia cac cupc thi Idn han.

* Quy trinh day hpc theo dinh hirthig giao due STEM Cd nhilu con dudng khae nhau de thuc hien hoat dpng giao dye STEM d nha trudng, trong bai vilt nay ehiing tdi tap trung gidi thieu: Quy trinh 6E, quy trinh Trial, quy trinh Kolb.

Quy trinh 6E: Quy trinh 6E la quy trinh phat tnln dua trgn mo hinh 5E trong khoa hpc tu nhien, md hinh nay dupe dua thgm ylu t6 kT thuat. Burke,B,N (2014) eho rang mo hinh nay xay dung theo dinh hudng lay ngudi hpc lam trung tam, tir dd tang eudng ylu td kT thuat va cong nghe trong STEM (xem Hinh 4).

Quy trinh Trial: Quy trinh td ehirc boat dong giai quyet v§n dl thuc tiln thdng qua STEM. Phieu quy trinh trial dupe phat eho HS trude moi qua trinh hoat dgng STEM.

HS se ghi lai nhirng kiln thiic da hgc, nhiem vu budi hge dd la gi, nho lai cac v§n dl lign quan den chii dl, len y tudng va van dung vao giai quylt v§n dl. Quy trinh nay giiip ich rit nhilu eho HS trong viec chia nhd cac vin de, danh thdi gian cho viee lap kl hoach va danh gia (xem Hinh 5).

Hinh 5: Quy trinh Trial (Bernadelli & Alkin,20l8) Quy trinh Kolb: Mo hinh hgc tap trai nghiem ciia Kolb gdm bdn giai doan: Thu thap kinh nghigm rdi rac thdng qua trai nghiem; quan sat phan anh, trim tupng hda khai niem;

thii nghigm tich cue. Md hinh hpc tap trai nghiem ciia Kolb md ta viec hpc khdi ngudn tu kinh nghiem, dien ra lien tuc theo hinh xoin 6c thiie day sir phat trien lien tuc kinh nghiem cua ngudi hpc. Van dung chu trinh eiia Kolb, cd thi thilt kg hoat dgng hpe tap eho HS trai qua 4 giai doan trai nghiem tii dd hinh thanh dugc NL cho ngudi hge (xem Hinh 6).

Hinh 6: Quy trinh Kolb (Kolb, 2001)

Chiing tdi nhan thiy cae quy trinh nay deu cd digm chung la qua trinh van dung kiln thirc, thuc nghiem va nit ra ket luan Tir cac quy trinh nay, giao vien cd the linh hoat sii dung de dua ra dupe boat ddng theo giao due STEM phii hgp nhat vdi HS.

So 15 thang 03/2019 m

2 . 3 . Phat trien nang ii/c h((p tac giai quyet vain de qua giao due STEM

Dac trung cua STEM la kha nang giai quylt dupe cac van dl trong thuc tien. Tuy nhien, cac vin de nay thudng kha phiic tap, chinh vi vay vdi mdi budc ciia qua trinh hoat dpng giao due STEM tren thue tl diu ed su tham gia, hop tac cua ea mgt nhdm HS. Thong qua cae hoat dpng ciing nhau thu thap kiln thiie, len kl hoach, chia se de dieu chinh, lira ehpn giai phap hay ciing nhau thir nghigm danh gia, phan hdi HS se hinh thanh dugc NL hgp tac giai quyet van de rat tu nhign.

2 . 3 . 1 Nang liic hdp tac giai quyet van de

"M, ciia mdt cd nhdn tham gia tich cue vd hieu qud vdo mgt qud trinh md hai hoac nhiiu ngudi co gang de gidi quyet mgt van di bdng cdch chia si sif hiiu biet vd co gang van dung kiin thuc, ki ndng, thdi dd di gidi quyet linh huong do " (OECD, 2015).

ciu tnic NL hpp tac giai quyet van de theo PISA dua ra 3 nang luc cot ldi dd chinh la Thigt lap va duy tri sir hieu biet chung; Lua chgn giai phap thich hpp de giai quyet vin de;

Duy tri nhdm lam viec. 3 NL thanh phan nay dupe xay dung dua tren su kit Hop giira qua trinh hpp tac va giai quylt vin de. Ngoai ra, NL nay con bi anh hudng bdi cac ygu td nhu nhiem vu, thanh phan nhdm, mdi trudng ap dung nhiem vu, eiing nhu bdi canh nen chung cua nhiem vu giai quygt van dl, ehiing ta ed the thay dupe cac ygu to anh hudng den NL hgp tac giai quyet van de (xem Hinh 7).

Ba NL thanh phan ciia hpp tac giai quygt van de dupe xac dinh de phue vu qua trinh do ludng, danh gia. Ba NL chinh cua hpp tac giai quygt van de dugc ket hop vdi bdn quy trinh giai quyet van de ea nhan tao thanh mgt ma tran vg cac kT nang cu thg - tieu chi danh gia. Cac tigu ehi danh gia nay co lien quan den hanh dpng, quy trinh va chien luge de xae dinh y nghta ciia nd ddi vdi HS. Tir Bang 1 md ta cac kT nang giai quyet van de hgp tac, chimg ta cd the thay cac tieu chi nay nhu mot ma tran ciia eae qua trinh hpp tac. Ma tran ket hap cac quy trinh giai quygt cac van de ca nhan tir khuon khd giai quygt van de PISA 2012 va minh hpa each thirc moi hoat dgng tuong tac vdi ba quy trinh cdng tac (xem Bang 1).

Kiea thuc nen Toan lipc Ky nang dpc, viit Khoa hpc va raoi trudng

Nhan cicli Dinh huong va thai dp Kinh nghiem va kiSn thiic Dong luc

lg nhan thiic

KT Ddng h9p tac A Giu quan diem - chia se quan d i ^ Giai thich - phat bigu Cling 1dm vigc - tranh l u ^ Phan cong - phan hoi thuirag xuyen

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/ K i n S n g g i a i q u y ^ t v ^ n d e Kham pha va hieu biei Dien ta va phai bieu Len ke hoach va thuc hi?n Giam sat va phan anh

Thiet l^p va duy tri si^ h i i u bi^t chung Lua chgn giai phap thich bifp Ah giai quyet van ak

Duy tri nhAm lam vi^c

Boi canh Loai nhi^m Pham VI NOI dung

D3c diem nhi^m v^

Thong tin ro rang Sif phy thupc SiJ can doi ve muc I

Th^nh phan nh6m Tinh phii hpp ciia vai tro Tinh phii hpp cua tinh lr?ng Kich thudc ciia nhom

Hinh 7: Yiu td dnh hudng din nang luc hgp tdc gidi quyet vdn di

Bang ma tran nay cho thay ro rang sir kgt hpp ciia NL hap tac va NL giai quygt van de trong cac tigu chi theo ma tran.

Hon nua, cae tieu chi nay dugc xay dung theo cac buoc ciia qua trinh hpp tae. Dua tren ma tran nay, giao vien co the thilt kl hoat dgng STEM eho HS nham giup HS hinh thanh NL hpp tac giai quyet van de.

2.3.2. STEM va phat trien nang life hdp tac giai quyel van de

Mpt trong nhirng muc tieu chinh eiia STEM la hinh thanh va phat trien NL cho ngudi hpc. Thong qua hoat dpng ket hop kT thuat, cdng nghe tren nen tang khoa hgc, toan hgc, HS CO the phat trign NL sir dung eong nghe thdng tin, tlwc hanh thi nghiem, nghien ciiu khoa hpc... Nhung quan trong nhat, thi hien dae tnmg cua day hgc STEM chinh la kha

B a n g 1 : Ma tran tieu chi NL hdp tac giai quyet van de (PISA 2 0 1 5 )

U a chon glilphSp thich hop g j g W quy^tviniM

Kham ptia va (A1) Phat hien tiem nang va kha rang (A2) Phat hien cac kieu hflp tac de flat {A3) Trinh bhy dutic cac nguyen \k g hieu biet cOa cac thanh vien trong nhom dadc y e j cau va thiet lap muc tieu quyet van de

Dien ta va (BI) Xay dung mot bai mieu ta chung (B2) Xac dinh va mieu ta muc tieu can (B3) Mieu tacSc nguyen tac v M o chile cija phat bieu va nhan thi/c dUdc y nghia ciia van de di/dc hinh thanh nhdm Len ke hoach (Cl) Giao hep vdi cac thanh vien trong (C2) ThUc hien ke hoach

va thUc hien nhdm ve hoat ddng {C3} Theo doi cac nguyen tac da dddc dila

Giam sat va (Dl) Giam sat va sLia chfla nhiing hi^u (D2) Giam sat ket qua hanh dong va (D3) Giam sat, cung cap phan hoi vS thich phan anh biet da chia se danh gia thanh cdng giai quyet van de nghi vai nguyen tac vS to chile nhdm

44 TAP CHI KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM

Vu Phildng U6n, Nguyin Thj Phiidng Vy, L6 ThSi HUng

nang giai quyet cac van d l thuc tien va hpp tac cimg nhau lam viee hieu qua. M g t trong nhung dac trung cua STEM la phai giai q u y l t duge cac vdn d l trong thue tign. Tuy nhien, mpt hoat dgng S T E M ket hpp d u p e cac y l u td toan hpc, khoa hge, kl thuat va cdng nghe thudng uiong ddi phirc tap. Rat khd dg cd the hoan thanh mdt nhiem vu mgt minh, chinh vi vay, vai trd ciia qua trinh h p p tac la rdt quan trgng.

Hoat dgng nay la bat buoc, trong do mdi thanh vien nhdm ed c a hpi phat huy thg manh rigng dg hoan thanh nhiem vu (xem Hinh

hpp tac xoay quanh van dung 4 ITnh vuc toan hoc, khoa hpc, KT thuat va Cdng nghe nh3m giai q u y l t vdn d l . Cac thanh vien trong nhdm bat d i u b^ng hoat ddng chia se kinh nghiem, k i l n thirc, ddng gdp hinh thanh nhan thiic c h u n g va cimg nhau tim h i l u va thong nhat quan diem ve van de ean giai quylt. T i l p d i n , cac thanh vien hpp tac xay d u n g md hinh giai phap kT thuat. Qua trinh thu nghi?m m o hinh se phat sinh nhung vdn d l , doi hdi cac thanh vien dieu ehinh higu b i l t vg giai phap. Cong nghe dugc ap dung nham tdi uu hda m o hinh ki thuat. Sau khi thuc hien giai phap, cac nhdm danh gia, phan hoi vdi cae thanh vign trong nhdm, tir dd hinh thanh dugc kinh nghiem eho ban than. Va qua trinh se tiep tuc khi HS chia se cac kinh nghiem nay vdi cae thanh vien khae. Tir do, thiic day phat trien su hinh thanh nang lire hgp tae giai quyet van de.

Tir md hinh, chiing tdi cu the hda bang quy trinh (xem Hinh 10), nham giiip giao vien d l dang thuc hien va danh gia hoat dpng.

Thu thSp, chia si Iden thirc, to^n hfc, khoa h9c liSn quan d^n chu de v61 cdc th^nh vien trong nhdm Hinh 8: NL hinh thdnh qua dgy hgc STEM

2.4. Oe xuat mo hinh hoat dong giao due STEM trong trUdng pho thong nh^m phat trien nang Itfc hdp tac gia! quyet van de Tir cac quy trinh day hgc STEM va quy trinh hpp tac giai quygt vdn d l , chiing tdi de xuat md hinh triln khai STEM nham phat trien N L hgp tac giai quygt van de gdm 6 b u d c (Hinh 9). Md hinh nay cho thay vai trd ciia ca 4 ITnh vue trong hoat dpng STEM, HS se d u g c tao mdi trudng thue hign cac nhiem vu gdm eac van de phiic tap can cd sir hpp tac ciing giai quyet, qua do hinh thanh NL tren c o sd huy dgng kien thiie, kT nang, thai dp, kinh nghiem va ddng c o hgc tap ...

Van d^Dg, tai hi^n kiln thirc, ciing nhau l€n k l hoach gi&i quyet nhiem vu

IVien khai k^ hoach, thiet kl giii phap sir dung ySu to kl t h u| t d l dam bao tinh kha thi nhif m vv

Ap dung cong nghe toi ini hoa qua trinh giai quyet vdn d l

Thirc hi^n, ddnh gia, phan b^i, rut Idnh nghifm cho cac thanh vien trong nhom

Mo hinh giao dye STEM nham phat trien nang li,rc hep tac glai quyet van 3e

Hinh 9: Md hinh hogt dgng gido due STEM

Md hinh boat ddng giao due STEM vdi cdt loi la qua trinh

I Thu t h | p , chia se Iden thirc, toan h^c, khoa hoc I lien quan din chii dl \in ckc thdnh viSn trong nh6m I Hinh 10: Quy trinh hogt dgng gido due STEM dua tren md hinh

Quy trinh nay gdm cac budc kha chi tiet, giiip HS cd thg de dang dp dung khi thuc hien mpt nhiem vu giai q u y l t van de thdng qua hoat dpng giao due STEM. Tiiy tirng trudng hpp, HS cd thg sir dung linh hoat quy trinh khi chi muon ap dung 2, 3 yeu td ciia cua giao due STEM. Ddng thdi, moi budc ciia quy trinh, HS cd t h i dap irng dupe cac tieu ehi cua NL hop tac giai quylt van de (xem Bang 2).

So15thang03/2019 45

Cac bMc Irong mo hmh TieochiNLhOplac g l a H u y f l v a n J e Thu tliap, chia se Men thilc, toan hgc, ktioa A l , A2, B3 hoc hen quan 4en chu ile vdi c i c thSnh »iSn trong nhom

A3, B1,B2

Bang 2' Mdc « phu help mo hinh . a lieu chi ciia NL hSp tac glill Tir phan tich tren =6 <hi t h i y su phu hoy cfing nhu li Ddiiy t . mui, uu (iiiu . H ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ . j^.^j^ g^^^ ^y^ S T E M de xuat eo tne giup HS hinh quyet van fle jj^^^h N L hop tae giai quyet v4n de eiing nhu la co so ii phuc vu qua trinh danh gia N L nay thong qua hoat dpng day hpc STEM.

3. K^t lu|ln

Giao due STEM la mpt tiep can tdi uu cho viee day hgc phat triln toan di?n NL ph§m chdt cua ngudi hgc, trong do CO NL hpp tae giai q u y l t van d l . Viee nhan dien dung ban chat ciia STEM, vai trd cua timg thanh td Todn hoc ihuc tiin, Khoa hgc li thii, kT thudt don gidn vd cdng nghe S6i uu se giup cho giao vien vuot qua rao ean "ngai thay doi"

khi h i l u rd y tudng nhirng kien thiec hdn Idm dugc kit hap chat che vdi cdc bdi hgc thitc li thdng qua viic hgc dmc dp dung nhirng kiin thiec Khoa hgc. Cdng nghi. KT thuai vd Todn hgc vdo trong nhieng bdi cdnh cu the. Nhiing ket qua ban luan tren phucmg dien li luan nay la nhiing gpi mo diiu tien eho nhiing nha nghien cihi, nha quan li, cac giao vien Ign k l hoach va td ehiie triln khai hoat dpng giao due STEM tai nha trudng dam bao tinh kha thi, linh hoat va dat dugc muc dieh phat t n l n N L ngudi hpe.

van dung, tt\ hien kien thOc, ciing nhau len ke

hoach giai quyet nhiem vu _ Trien khai ke hoach, thiet ke giai phap sil C2 dung yeu to ki thuat de dSm bSo tinh kha thi nhiem vu

Oieu chinh kien thitc sai iam ve van de thong qua hoat dong thil nghiem, trao doi.

Ap dung cong nghe toi du h6a quti trinh giai quyet van de

Thi/c hien, d^nh giii, phan hoi, mt kmh nghiem cho ccic thanh vien trong nh6m

TM lieu tham kh^o

Ferreira, L. K.., Meireles, J F. F., & Ferreira, M. E. C . (2018), Evaluation of lifestyle and quality of life in the elderly: a literature review, Revista Brasileira de Geriatna e Gerontalogia, 21(5), 616-627 Kolb, D. A., Boyatzis, R., & Mainemehs, C , Experiential learning theory. Previous research and new directions In R. Sternberg & L. Zhang, (2001), Perspectives on cognitive learning, and thinking styles: 228-247.

Mahwah. NJ; Erlbaum.

Le Thai Hung, Vu Phuong Lien, Nguyen Thi Phuong Vy,

Assessing Collaborative Problem Solving Competenq Through Integrated Theme Based Teaching Chemistry, Proceedings of the International Conference on Research of Educational Administration and Management (ICREAM 2017), October 17,2017, Bandung, Indonesia, Taylor & Francis Group, UK.

Mark Windale, (2019), Tai lieu tap budn STEM, Brislon Countil

Nguyin van Bien, Tirong Duy Hai, (2019), Gido due STEM trong nha tnrdng phd thong. NXB Gido due Viet Nam.

STEM EDUCATION IN HIGH SCHOOLS TO DEVELOP COLLABORATIVE PROBLEM-SOLVING COMPETENCES FOR STUDENTS:

THEORY AND RECOMMENDATION IN TEACHING

Vu Phuong Lien', Nguyen Thi Phuong Vy^

Le Thai Hung^

' Email' tissvsvhs@gmai1 com

^ Email' phui)ngvynt,95@gmail.com

^ Email, hunglethai82@gmail.com University of Education - Vietnam National University, Hanoi 144 Xuan Ttiuy, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam

ABSTRACT: Developing students' total competences and qualities is one ol the most important role in basic and comprehensive innovation of education in Vietnam. Accordingiy, we need the comprehensive change in eveti aspect of education: Designing program, compiling textbooks, teaching and assessing to create a good environment for learners to form and develop their competences and personal qualities. This paper mentioned STEM ano the way to develop collaborative problem-solving competence for learners through summarizing and analyzing briefly to understand what exactly ST£f^

is and the relationship among 4 components of "Practical math", "Simple technology", "Exciting science" and "Optimal technology". The paper a'so proposed a model of educational STEfvl activities to develop the collaborative problem-solving competencies for students.

KEYWORDS: STEM; collaborative problem-solving; competences; students.

46 TAP CHI KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM