V A N Dt HOM NAY ( Sd09(86)-2010 )
Lien ket trong xiic tien dau tu FDI tai khu vuc mien Trung - Tay Nguyen
; • • ; ! ( : )
TS. Le Due Toan - Le Nguyen Ngoc Anh (*)
7
fong nhung ndm qua, 11 tinh & thdnh phd miin Trung da rdt quan tdm, chu trgng cdng tdc xuc tiin ddu tu (XTDT) nhdm thu hut cdc ngudn lu'e trong vd ngodi nudc day mqnh phdt triin kinh ti - xd hdi, tiip thu nhirng cdng nghe mdi, gidi quyit viic ldm vd dn dinh ddi sdng nhan dan. Vdi nhirng chinh sdch thu hiit ddu tu khd thong thoang tu Trung uang din dia phuang vd suhinh thdnh hdng loqt cdc khu cdng nghiep, khu kinh ti, khu du lich... dd gdp phdn thu hut mgt luqng vdn FDI khd ldn vdo khu vuc ndy. Luy ki din hit ndm 2009, cd khu vuc dd thu hiit duqc 493 du dn FDI vdi tdng von ddu tu ddng ky 23,453 ty USD; trong do linh vuc cdng nghiep - xdy dung cd 264 du dn, thuang mqi - dich vu 39 du dn, nong lam ngu nghiep 190 du dn.Trong ITnh vyc XTDT thu hut FDI vao khu vyc mien Trung giai doan 2003 - 2009, chiing ta cd the nit ra mdt sd mat thanh cdng chu yeu sau:
Da cd sy chuyen bien tfch eye ca ve sd dy an FDI va vdn dang ky vao khu vyc; FDI da la mdt
"kenh bd sung vdn quan trgng"
dap ung nhu cau dau tu phat trien, thiic day tang trudng kinh te - xa hdi ciia ca khu vyc;
Ddng gdp vao thu ngan sach, tao viec lam cho ngudi lao ddng; Gdp phan chuyen dich ca cau kinh te ciia khu vyc theo hudng cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai boa va hdi nhap kinh te qudc te; Thuc day chuyen giao cdng nghe va cai thien hieu qua dau tu cua cac doanh nghiep (DN) trong khu vyc.
Tuy nhien, boat dgng lien kit xiic tien dau tu d cac tinh miin Trung - Tay Nguyen cdn kha khiem tdn, chua tuang xii'ng vdi tiem nang, lgi thi vdn cd:
* Dqi hqc Duy Tdn
- Lugng vdn dau tu FDI vao khu vyc mien Trung cdn thap, chi chiem ty le 04,5% sd dy an va 13,24% tdng vdn dau tu dang ky ca nudc.
- Mdt sd tinh nhu KonTum, Gia Lai, DakLak, DakNdng cd sd dy an cdn ft va quy md vdn cdn ban che.
- Da sd cac dy an dau tu kha tuang ddng, chii yeu la cac ca sd gia cdng lap rap, ca sd du lich dich vu, khai thac tai nguyen thien nhien; chua hinh thanh dugc cac khu cdng nghe cao, cd rat ft cac dy an cd trinh do ky thuat - cdng nghe hien dai. Kha nhieu KCN gan nbu kha gidng nhau trong dd chu yeu thu hiit dau tu cac nganh nghe truyen thdng nhu det may, giay dep, che bien ndng lam san...; cdn nhftng nganh cd ky thuat - cdng nghe cao, cd kha nang tao ddng lye cho phat trien tbi van chua lam duac.
6 8 / Tqp chf n g h i e n c d u Tdi chfnh Ice t o d n
- Hoat ddng XTDT trong nbft'ng nam qua chu yeu tap trung vao cac ddi tac truyen thdng nbu Dai Loan, Trung Qudc, Singapore ....trong khi cac thj trudng trgng diem la Hoa Ky, EU, Nhat Ban, Nga ..chua dugc chii trong; chua ldi cudn dugc nhftng tap doan xuyen qudc gia tam cd qudc te de cd dugc cac dy an ldn va cdng nghe mdi, hien dai.
Mot so nguyen nhan Nguyen nhan khach quan: Ca sd ha tang cdn yeu kem; thien tai bao lut thudng xay ra; Thieu hyt ngudn nhan lye da qua dao tao (dac biet la ky su va cdng nhan ky thuat chat lugng cao); Chi phi van tai bien cao; Cd nhieu loai tai nguyen nhung trft lugng khdng nhieu; Thieu vdn dau tu; Trinh do san xuat hang boa cdn thap...
Nguyen nhan chii quan:
(^d 09 (86) - 2010 ) V A N Dt HOM NAY
Dau tu' true tiep nudc ngoai phan tlieo linh vuc dau tu 11 dja phuang khu vuc Mien Trung - Tay Nguyen 1988-2009
(Tfnh den ngay 31/12/2009- chi tfnh nhiing du an con hieu luc)
Don vi tinh: USD
TSTT
I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Tdng so (MT-TN) So vdi MT- TN
(LV) Ca nudc MT-TN so vdi ca
nudc
DIA PHUONG
Thua Thien Hue Pbii Yen
Quang Nam Quang Ngai Da Nang Klianh Hoa Binh Dinh Kon Tum Gia Lai Dak Lak Dak Ndng
PHAN THEO LINH VI/C Tdng
sd 70 33 73 19 170
69 33 3 9 8 6 493
4,50%
Cdng nghiep
-Xay dyng 32 17 39 13 86 42 17 2 6 7 3
Thuang mai - Dich vy
1 5 2 - 8 12
5 1 2 1 2
Ndng lam ngu
nghiep 37
11 32 6 76 15 11 - 1 - 1
TONG Sd
dy an 70 33 73 19 170
69 33 3 9 8 6 493
4,50%
Tdng vdn DTDK 2.504.022.000 8.040.000.000 5.011.695.348 3.442.803.000 2.663.052.907 1.177.595.024 410.939.500
77.100.000 68.452.589 41.864.470 15.764.000 23.453.288.838
177.112.847.397 13,24%
Ngudn: Cue DTNN- Bd Ke hoqch vd Ddu tir, SdKe Iioqch vd Ddu tu; Trung tdm XTDT cdc tinh.
- Chua cd quy hoach xiic tien dau tu va chua cd chien lugc thu hiit FDI ciia khu vyc mien Trung mdt each hgp ly
Mac du trong 5 nam gan day, miin Trung - Tay Nguyen da cd nhilu lin hgp ban ve van dl lien kit kinh t l de cimg nhau tang toe, phat trien; da to chiic cac chuang trinh nhu Hdi nghi xiic tiln dau tu vao khu vyc miin Trung (tai Binh
Djnh va Da Nang), Hdi thao phat trien kinh te bien (Da Nang), Hdi nghi du lich chung ciia khu vyc (Khanh Hoa);
mdt vai dia phuang nbu Quang Ngai va Quang Nam da tirng ky ket van ban hgp tac chung...
tuy nhien sy lien kit, phoi hgp gifta cac dia phuang, gifta cae ca quan XTDT dia phuang la rdi rac, thieu thdng nhit; cdn cd tinh trang XTDT rieng cua tirng dia phuang, thieu sy lien
ket hgp tac vdi cac dia phuang khac nen thudng tdn kem chi phf nhung ket qua mang lai khdng cao. Nhieu nba dau tu nudc ngoai rat bdi rdi khi den khao sat d mien Trung bdi dia phuang nao cflng dua ra the manh gidng het nhau nhu cang bien, san bay, dudng xe lira Bac - Nam v.v..; Tuy nhien, the manh ndi trdi hay dac thii that sy cua tung dia phuang la gi tbi van chua giai thich dugc Tqp chf nghien c d u Tdi chfnh k e t o d n (69:
VAN Dt HOM NAY ( Sd 09 (86)-2010
mdt each thuyet phuc
- v l mat ca cau td cbiic cac ca quan XTDT dia phuang van cd nhieu sy khac biet; cd dia phuang tbi ca quan XTDT thudc UBND tinh, cd nai tryc thudc Sd Ke hoach & Dau tu, cd nai ket hgp ca xuc tien thuang mai va du lich. Ve ten ggi va ca quan chu quan cung khac nhau; chang ban d tinh Thua Thien - Hue la Trung tam Xuc tien Dau tu - Thuang mai - Du lich; d tinh Gia Lai la Trung tam Xuc tien Dau tu - Thuang mai tryc thudc UBND tinh thi nay da giai the, bd phan xiic tien dau tu, thuong mai va dich vy tach ra, va sat nhap ve cac ca quan cbii quan, rieng bd phan xiic tien dau tu nhap ve Sd Ke hoach
& Dau tu. Trong khi dd, d mdt sd dia phuang da nhap cac dan vi xiic tien dau tu tren dia ban thanh 1 ca quan XTDT thong nhit tryc thudc UBND tinh nbu Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, DakNong
- Cd the nhin nhan rang nhieu dia phuang trong khu vyc deu cd lgi the tuang ddng nhau nen thdi gian qua cd tinh trang tinh nao cung mudn dau tu nang cap san bay, cang nudc sau, khu kinh t l . . . Mdt sd dia phuang ty ban hanh chfnh sach thu hiit FDI rieng,
"xe rao" chi de dat dugc muc tieu ngan ban la keu ggi cang nhieu dy an ve dia phuang, de lap day cac khu. kinh tl, khu
cdng nghiep. Vi vay, cin cd tam nhin toan cue ve kha nang va bieu qua khai thac he thong ca sd ba tang, cang bien, san bay.. .da dau tu trong thdi gian qua. Td chirc JICA (Nhat Ban) da neu khuyen cao "Neu mdi tinh deu mudn cd cang ldn tbi toan khu vyc mien Trung se khdng cd cang that sy ldn"
Cac tinh mien Trung trong thai gian qua da td chirc cac boat ddng hdi hgp, thao luan, tham gia y kien ve lien ket kinh te ...nhung chua cd cac chuang trinh phdi hgp cu the, chua dinh binh duge cac dy an lien ket ldn de phat buy tiem nang, siic manh vdn cd ciia vimg. , i
- Phuang thuc xiic tien dau tu nhin chung chua dat hieu qua cao, van cdn nang ve xay dung hinh anh va quang ba mdi trudng dau tu; chua bam sat vao mdt sd ITnh vyc, dia ban, ddi tac va dy an cy thi.
Mot so kien nghj
Mot la, Td chuc thdng nhat md binh ca quan xuc tien dau tu tai dia phuang, tranh tinh trang mdi dia phuang lam mdt kieu.
Theo chiing tdi, mdi tinh hoac thanh phd tryc thudc trung uang nen chi cd 1 ca quan xuc tien dau tu (Trung tam Xuc tien dau tu) tryc thudc UBND tinh, thanh phd;
khdng giao nhiem vy xuc tien
diu tu theo tung ITnh vyc cho cac Sd chuyen nganh nhu mdt so dia phuang hien nay dang thyc hien
Hai la, Bd K I hoach
& Diu tu cin dl xuat Chfnh phu sdm quy dinh "md hinh"
va dinh hudng lien ket bang be thdng van ban xac dinh rd quyen ban, trach nhiem va ca che phdi hgp giua cac ca quan:
- Thanh lap Hdi ddng Xiic tien dau tu cap vimg. Hdi ddng nay gift' vai trd "dau tau" "nhac tru'dng" dieu phdi thdng nhat toan bd cac chuang trinh, cac boat ddng xiic tien dau tu cho toan bd khu vyc.
+ Chii tjch Hdi ddng cd the la Thii trudng Bd Ke hoach & Dau tu, cac Phd Cbii tich Hdi ddng la cac phd Chu tich UBND tinh; Thyc hien luan phien nhiem vu Phd Chu tich thudng tryc Hdi ddng la cac Phd chu tich UBND tinh, thanh phd tryc thudc Trung uang ,.... .,, ,
+ Bd may giup viec Hdi ddng gdm cac tieu ban chuyen mdn. Bao gdm cac can bd cua Trung tam Xiic tien Dau tu mien Trung (Cue Xiic tien Dau tu thudc Bd Ke hoach & Dau tu) dam nhan.
Ba la, Tang cudng tfnh chuyen nghiep boa, cd chieu sau va hieu qua trong boat ddng xiic tien dau tu:
- Cac dia phuang cin cd
< » > Tqp chf n g h i e n c d u Tdi chfnh k e ' t o d n
{^d 09 (86) - 2010 ) V A N De HOM NAY
sy ban bac, phdi hgp td cbii'c viec xiic tien dau tu ve mdt so ITnh vyc, dy an cu tbi; tranh chdng cheo, dam dap len nhau ca ve dy an va cac boat ddng xuc tien dau tu
- Xay dyng va hinh thanh Chien lugc thu hiit FDI ciia khu vyc mien Trung tren ca sd lgi the so sanh ciia tu'ng dia phuang, phat huy siic manh tdng hgp cua vung
- Dinh ky hang nam (1-2 lan/nam) cd the td chuc nhung sy kien, chuang trinh xuc tien diu tu ldn mang tam qudc te hoac khu vyc nham gidi thieu, quang ba tiem nang va trien vgng hgp tac dau tu vao mien Trung. Chii trgng viec thu hiit cac Tap doan kinh te ldn, tao dieu kien tiep thu khoa hgc - cdng nghe tien tien, thiic day qua trinh chuyen dich ca cau kinh te cac dia phuang
- Cac an pham, tai lieu, dTa CD va DVD, bai tbuylt trinh, danh muc dy an keu ggi dau tu FDI, cac trang WEB ...
can dau tu ky ludng va chat lugng cao ban; dac biet cac thdng tin ve kinh te - xa hdi ciia tung dja phuang va ca vimg can dugc dieu tra, thu thap va cung cap thdng tin vdi miic tin cay cao
Bon la, Thanh lap Quy xiic tiln dau tu cua khu vyc mien Trung
Kinh phi boat ddng cua Quy tu ngudn ddng gdp ciia
cac dia phuang trong viing, phin bo trg ciia Chfnh pbii va Bd K I hoach & Diu tu, phan ddng gdp cua cac td chuc, ca nhan trong va ngoai nudc
Nguon kinh phi cd dugc tu' Quy se uu tien cho cac boat ddng lien ket nham xiic tien dau tu trong va ngoai nudc, xay dyng cac du an, chuan bi cac an pham, quang ba tren cac phuang tien truyen thdng, truyen binh nudc ngoai v.v..
Nam la, Tang cudng ddi mdi, lien ket gifta cac dia phuang mien Trung trong cdng tac quy hoach xuc tien dau tu
- Hoan thien quy hoach thu hilt FDI vdi tam nhin dai ban cho ca khu vyc mien Trung tren ca sd tfnh den dac diem tuang ddng va sy khac biet gifta cac dia phuang. Cac dja phuang can phdi hgp, lien ket trong djnh budng, quy hoach thu hiit FDI tren ca sd cung hgp tac khai thac the manh, ngudn lye cua tung dia phuang; xac dinh myc tieu thu hiit FDI ciia tung dia phuang, tranh trung lap ve ca cau ITnh vyc, nganh thu hut vdn dau tu va ca ddi tac dau tu
-Bd Ke hoach & Dau tu can tang cudng vai trd dau tau, dinh hudng, phdi bap vdi cac tinh, thanh phd thudc vung trong nghien cuu, dieu chinb quy hoach, xay dyng va cap nhat danh myc dy an keu ggi FDT, trong dd can cbii
trgng mdt sd ITnh vyc de dan den mat can ddi chung ve quy hoach nbu san xuat thep, cang bien, san golf, bat ddng san du lich...
Sau la, Nang cao chat lugng ddi ngu can bd lam cdng tac xiic tien dau tu
Cac can bd lam trong ITnh vyc nay can cd kha nang chuyen mdn cao va su dyng thanh thao ngoai ngft de cd the xay dyng dugc cac chuang trinh xiic tien dau tu tdt, cd the tham gia vao viec trao ddi va dam phan vdi cac ddi tac nudc ngoai. Yeu cau cao nhung thu nhap cua cac can bd lam cdng tac XTDT cdn gap nhieu khd khan; can thiet phai can cd cbinh sach bd trg thu nhap de cac can bd nay gan bd va tam buyet ban vdi nghe nghiep.
Bay la. Tang cudng vai trd lien ket vung cua TP Da Nang ddi vdi boat ddng thu hut va SU' dung vdn FDI ciia cac dia phuang d khu vyc mien Trung
Da Nang la dd tbi loai 1 tryc thudc trung uang, la dau mdi giao thdng quan trgng ve trung chuyen van tai trong nudc va qudc te bang dudng bd, dudng sat, hang khdng va dudng bien vdi cang nudc sau Tien Sa, diem cudi cua tuyin banh lang kinh tl Ddng Tay, cira ngd ra bien quan trgng ciia ca khu vyc - dac biet la cac qudc gia thudc tieu vimg Me Kdng md rdng. Trong 10 (Xem tiep theo trang 67) T q p c h l n g h i e n c d u Tdi chfnh k e ' t o d n <71
(^ Sd 09 (86) - 2010 ) V A N Bt HOM NAY
105 cung neu len tieu chuan thu nhat ciia KTV la cd pbim chat dao due nghi nghiep, trung thyc, liem kbilt, cd y thiic chap banh phap luat...
Dd chfnh la cac quy dinh cy the nham dam bao tfnh nhan van ciia boat ddng kiem toan ddc lap. Cac cdng ty kiem toan ddc lap cd uy tfn deu cbii trgng den viec dam bao va nang cao trinh do chuyen mdn va dao due nghe nghiep cua KTV, coi dd la van boa kinh doanh ciia cdng ty. Cac cdng ty kiem toan nay thudng xac dinh rd phuong cham boat ddng la chit lugng dich vy, tdn trgng khach hang, vugt len sy mong
dgi ciia khach hang... Dieu 29 ciia Luat kilm toan Nha nudc so 37/2005/ QH 11 ngay 14 thang 6 nam 2005cung neu len tieu chuin thir nhat ciia KTV Nha nudc la: Cd pham chat dao diic tdt, cd y thuc trach nhiem, liem khiet, trung thyc, khach quan. Hoat ddng ciia Kiem toan Nha nudc cftng ludn hudng tdi chat lugng dich vy, dao dire nghe nghiep nham gift vftng pham chat "cdng minh, chfnh tryc, nghe tinh, tam sang". Tuy nhien, de dat tdi tfnh nhan van trong boat ddng kiem toan, khdng chi can cd quy dinh phap ly hay phuang cham boat ddng mang
tinh nhan van, ma quan trgng trudc bet va chu yeu la phai cd dugc nhftng ngudi KTV cd ban ITnh thyc sy, cd ke hoach lam viec rd rang va cbi tiet, cd vdn sdng phong phii va tam buyet vdi nghe, ludn the hien tfnh nhan van trong cdng viec, trong tirng ldi ndi, hanh ddng.
Tai lieu tham khao:
Chudn mtfc dqo ditc nghe nghiep Ke'todn Kiem todn - Theo QD 87/2005/QD- BTC ngdy 1/12/2005
Luat Kiem todn Nhd nudc so 37/2005/QHU ngdy 14/6/2005 , ; . , ....,.::•
Lien ket trong xiic tien dau tir FDI.
nam qua. Da Nang da cd tdc do tang trudng GDP 11%/
nam - cao ban miic binh quan ca nudc va dan dau cbi sd PCI trong 2 nam lien tiep 2008 va 2009. De nang cao vai trd lien ket vimg cua Da Nang ddi vdi hoat ddng thu hiit FDI can:
- Dau tu phat trien Da Nang thanh Trung tam Thuang mai - Du lich - Dich vy trgng diem nham phat buy lgi the ve giao thdng, ve nam gan cac di san van boa the gidi (My San, Hdi An, Hue) va cd ca sd ha tang kha tdt so vdi cac tinh trong vimg.
- Thuc day xay dyng mdt khdng gian lien ket kinh tl thdng nhat cho toan khu vyc va
Da Nlng; can phat huy vai trd
"mdt eye phat trien" la Trung tam phdi hgp, lien ket chuang trinh, boat ddng XTDT cho toan khu vyc, trong do tap trung vao cac ITnh vyc nbu giao due, y te, thuang mai, du lich va dich vy tai chfnh....
Tam la, Dau tu, nang cap be thdng ca sd ha tang khu vyc nham giam cbi phi van tai va thdi gian giao nhan hang hoa, hinh thanh chudi cac Trung tam kinh te va chudi cac Khu kinh te, Khu cdng nghiep.
- Day manh lien ket, phdi hgp vdi nhau trong viec dau tu, nang cap he thdng ca sd ba tang lien viing cung nhu ciia cac dia phuang nham tang tfnh
(Tiep theo trang 71) hap dan ciia mdi trudng dau tu - Keu ggi vdn dau tu de nang cap, nang cao nang luc canh tranh cho san bay qudc te Da Nlng, san bay trung chuyen qudc t l Chu Lai (Quang Nam), be thdng cang bien Da Nang, cang trung chuyen qudc te Van Phong... Dac biet, tap trung cho cac cdng trinh trgng diem nhu he thdng cau va dudng bd cao tdc Da Nang - Quang Ngai, Da Nlng - Quang Tri, cac tuyen dudng sat ndi cac cum cang Binh Thuan vdi cac tinh DakNdng, DakLak, Qudc Id 14B ndi vimg duyen bai mien Trung vdi Tay Nguyen, tuyen dudng du lich ven bien Hue - Da Nang - Quang Nam - Quang Ngai.
T q p c h f n g h i e n c d u Tdi c h f n h k e ' t o d n <^"r>
