lien lioTp May bam ep ni^oTe dufa

NGHIEN ClifU - TRAO DOI

l i e n lioTp M a y b a m e p ni^oTe dufa

ThS. Tran Dinh Hung, PGS,TS. Tran Nhu- Khuyen, KS. Tran Nhu- Khanh Trudng Dai hpc Ndng nghiep Ha Npi.

ABSTRACT

The pineapple juice with water in a small production facilities of the local must go through two major stages are shredding on the hash then transported by hand to press, incurred labor costs and power consumption of individual large. Pineapple juice machine screw torque expensive foreign import incon- sistent with small production scale and financial capacity of enterprises, the models produced in the coun- try not based on scientific research.

Therefore, research and design complex machine hash pineapple juice on the basis of scientific models is to identify the optimal parameters and evaluate the assay in practice has achieved initial success, open the prospects for the design and mass production of complex machines yield different suit the needs of the business is a right direction in accordance with actual production.

1. DAT VAN DE rieng vd nUdc qua ndi chung la van de rat can thiet.

Bam - ep nUdc dUa Id nhUng khau quan

trpng trong qua trinh san xua't nUdc dUa cd dac, DUdi day trinh bdy mot sd ket qua nghien trong dd qua trinh bam nham xe nhd nguyen lieu cUu thiet ke, che tao lien hpp may bam ep nUdc vd qua trinh ep nham chiet xuat lay dich qua. Hien dUa.

nay d nhieu nUdc tren the gidi, trong dd cd Viet

nam [2], [3], viec bam vd ep nUdc dUa dUpc thiic 2. N O I DUNG, VAT LIEU VA PHUONG PHAP hien tren cac may rieng re do vay phai ton nhieu NGHIEN CUtJ

thdi gian vd cdng lao ddng de chuyen nguyen lieu

tU may ep sang may bam 1dm giam nang suat may 2.1. Noi dung nghien ciiu vd khd tu ddng hod.

Thiet ke, che tao lien hpp may bam ep Vi vay, viec nghien ciiu thiet ke lien hpp nUdc diia;

may bam ep nUdc dUa nham nang cao nang suat

may vd hieu suat thu hoi dich qua 1dm ca sd cho - Khao sat anh hUdng cua mot sd yeu td viec hodn thien lien hpp may de trien khai ling den nang suat, chat lUpng san pham vd chi phi

dung cho cac cac co sd san xuat nUdc difa ndi nang lUpng rieng. ^ ^ TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM •t* So 12 (Thang 12 nam 2011)

NGHIEN ClJfU - TRAO D O I

2.2. Thiet hi, vat lieu va dung cu thi nghiem Thiet bi thi nghiem la liiMi hop may bam, ep nUdc dua BE-500 cd nang suat SOOkg/b. Vat lieu thi nghiem la dua qua trong tai Ddng Giao (Ninh Binh). i^Udng kinh trung binh ciia qua dUa

10 H- 12 cm, chieu dai trung binh 12 -f 14 cm, khdi lUpng trung binh 600 ^ 800g. Lua chpn nhung c[ua dUa co kich thUdc tUong ddi ddng deu, cd cimg dp chin va khdng bi bam dap sau benh.

Dung cu thi nghiem gom cd ddng hd cdng to dien, vdn ke, ampe ke, ddng hd bam giay, can dia, can phan tich loai 2()()g (dp chinh xac 10-5g), dung cu la\' mau va phan tich mau, thiet bi ep chuyen dung trong phdng thi nghiem, tii say chan khdng, ndi chUng each thuy,....

2.3. PhiiOng phap nghien ciiu

Ap dung phuong phap nghien cUu ly thuyet xac dinh mot sd thdng sd co ban ciia bd phan bam - ep, tU dd Ung dung de thiet ke, che tao lien hpp may bam, ep nUdc diia.

luong dich qud. Vi^c xac dinh hdm l\i0ng chat kho dupe tbUc hi?n tren thi^t bi thi nghiem chuyen dimg. Ty 1(' dich bdo cdn sdt trong ba 6 dUpc tinh theo cdng thiic:

5^^'~^M00%

qi

q, khdi lUpng chat khd cua mau ba sau khi ep, g;

q, khdi lUpng chat khd cua mau ba sau khi da tach hodn toan dich qua, g;

Nang suat may vd chi phi nang lUpng rieng dUpc xac dinh bang ddng hd bam day, dong hd cdng to dien thdng dung:

thiic:

Nang suat may dUpc xac dinh theo cdng

Q = l^itin/h)

MUc tieu thu dien nang tinh theo cong thUc:

Is] l^jic. (kwh/tan) 600.q

Ap dung phuong phap thiic nghiem don yeu td de nghien cUu anh hUdng rieng cua tUng yeu to: tdc dp quay cua dao bam n^ (vg/ ph), tdc dp quay cua vit xoan n^ (vg/ ph), khe hd ciia thoat

ba s(mm), chieu rdng Id sdng a (mm) den ty le Trong dd:

dich bdo cdn sdt trong ba 6(%), nang suat may

Q(tan/h) vd chi phi dien nang rieng N_^ (kWh/tan) q- khdi lUpng vat lieu cua me thi nghiem (kg) diia tren nguyen tac chung Id c6 dinh cac thdng sd T- thdi gian ep (h)

khac, chi thay doi mot thdng sd de xdc dinh miJtc ac- sd vdng quay tren dia cdng tO (600vdng = dp anh hudng cua thdng sd dd tdi cac thdng so ra. IkWh).

Cac thdng sd nghien cijfu dUpc xac dinh 3. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN nhu sau:

3.1. Thiet ke lien hdp may bam ep niidc diia [1]

Ty le dich bdo cdn sdt trong ba dUpc xac

dinh theo phUOng phap qui dinh diia tren co sd So do nguyen ly cau tao cua lien hop may xac dinh hdm lUpng chat khd ciia ba ban dau vd bam ep nUdc diia (ki hieu BE-500) dUdc the hien hdm luong chat khd ciia ba dd sau khi da tach het tren hinh 1.

NGHIEN CUfU - TRAO D 6 |

Hinh 1: Sd do nguyen ly lien hdp may hdm - ep diia kieu vit xoan

1- phiu cap lieu; 2- ho phan cao lieu; 3- ho phan hdm; 4, 5- puli dai; 6- khung be may; 7- dong cd dien; 8- ho phan dieu chinh ciia thoat bd; 9- ciia thoat hd; 10- sdng vd gia dd sdng; 11- vit xoan.

Nguyen ly cau tao: Lien hpp may bam ep nUdc dUa BE - 500 cd cau tao gom bd phan bam vd bd phan ep dUpc lap tren mot khung may. Bd phan bam dUpc cau tao bdi 16 dao bam hdn chat thdnh hai hdng tren trdng dao vd bd dao tinh lap cd dinh vao vd may sao cho khi 1dm viec cac dao ddng vd tinh xen ke lan nhau.

Bd phan ep gom cd vit xoan dang cdn dUpc lap chat tren true. Bao quanh vit xoan Id sdng vd gdng dd sdng. True vit xoan c6 the di chuyen dpc true de thay doi khe hd cifa thoat ba nhd cum dieu chinh khe hd cUa thoat ba. Bd phan bam vd ep dupe dan ddng tU mot ddng cO dien qua bai bd truyen ddng dai thang.

Vdi ket cau nhU tren lien hpp may bam ep nUdc dUa BE-500 cd nhUng Uu diem noi bat nhU sau:

Vit xoan cd dang binh cdn vd bUdc xoan giam dan nen tao ra ap suat ep tang len tU tU nhd dd ba dupe ep kiet.

- Cd the sU dung de ep nUdc cac loai nUdc qua khac nhU dao, man, mO, tao...

3.2. Ket qua nghien ciiu thiic nghiem [4]

Trong tat ca cac thi nghiem don yeu td chung tdi deu lay sd mUc bien thien k = 5 vdi khoang bien thien la nhU nhau gifla cac mUc cua mdi yeu td. Sd lan thi nghiem lap lai n = 3.

Ket qua thi nghiem da xdc dinh dUpc anh hudng ciia cac yeu td vdo den thdng sd ra nhU sau:

3.2.1 Anh hudng cua toe do quay cua vit xoan n

(v/ph)

TbUc hien ddng thdi hai nguyen cdng Dieu kien thi nghiem: Khe hd ciia thoat ba bam vd ep cimg mot luc nen tiet kiem dUpc lao s = 15mm; Chieu rdng Id sdng a = 1,4mm. Ket qua ddng, giam dUpc nguon ddng liic vd co cau truyen thi nghiem dUpc ghi trong bang 1.

ddng, tao dieu kien thuan Ipi cho viec tU ddng hda day chuyen san xuat.

TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM

•

Sd 12 (Thang 12 nam 2011)

NGHIEN ClJfU - TRAO D 6 |

Bang 1: Ket qud thi nghicw xdc dinh anh Inuhig cua toe do quay cua vit xoan Toe do quay

vit xoan n (v ph)

Do sot dich qua 5 (0 o)

Nang suat may Q (t/h)

Chi phi dien nang rieng

Nr (kWh/t

100 150 200 250 300

4.01 2.8J 2.26 2.12 2.08

404.5 465.2 524.1 555'.2 508.3

6.21 5.35 4.61 4.21 4.59

TU ket qua sd lieu trong bang 1, ta ve dUpc liic tang nen bd dUOc vat ky hOn, dp sdt dich giam, dd thi bieu dien mdi quan be giUa tdc dp quay ciia nbUng khi tdc dp true vit tang tren gia tri trung vit xoan vdi cac hdm Y,, Y„ Y, (hinh 2).

A 5-

4 0 -

3.0.

2.5-

2.0

s

'

J

^

w _V

; /

J

s/

^ \

\]

/

* i .

^

\

\

i

• • t

I

• Q (kg/h)

.560 .

• 520 -

400 Nr (kWh/1)

.5.5

^° >

(v/ph)

Hinh 2: Anh hUdng cua cua toe do quay cua vit xoan n (v/ph) den cdc hdm Y^, Y^ Y^

binh thi tdc dd giam dich sdt trong ba cung giam rat nhanh. Ddi vdi hdm nang suat may, khi tang tdc dp, nang suat tang nhUng d cudi viing khao sat thi nang suat dat cUc dai rdi giam dan, ly do ma sat giUa hdn hpp lieu vdi mat sdng khdng du Idn, lUc kien ket gifla cac Idp lieu lam cho lieu bi quay trdn theo cdnb vit, mat khac khi tdc do vit Idn, liic ly tam cd xu hUdng vang lieu ra khdi ciia nap heu 1dm giam nang suat may. Khi toe dp quay ciia vit xoan tang, doan dau chi phi dien nang giam kha nhanh, sau dd dat cUc tieu rdi tang do viec thoat ba ra ngodi cham.

3.2.2 Anh hudng cua khe hd ciia thoat ba s (mm)

Tren dd thi hinh 2 ta thay, khi tdc dp quay Dieu kien thi nghiem: Toe dp quay vit cua vit xoan thap thi dp lUc ep thap nen dp sdt xoan n = 200 v/ph; chieu rdng 16 sang a = 1,4mm.

dich trong ba Idn, khi tang tdc dp vit xoan thi dp Ket qua thi nghiem dUOc ghi trong bang 2.

Bang 2: Ket qud thi nghiem xdc dinh anh hUdng cua khe hd ciia thoat hd Khe hdr cira

thoat ba s (mm)

5

15 20 25

Do sot dich qua trong ba

5 (w/o) 2.55 2.15 2.28 3.14 4.24

Nang suat may Q (kg/h)

410.7 474.1 526.8 550.9 556.3

Chi phi nang

luxrng rieng ! Nr (kWh/t)

6.22 5.35 4.69 4.35 4.27

NGHIEN CLfU - TRAO D(!)l

TU ket qua sd lieu trong bang 2, ta ve dUpc Tren do thi hinh 3 cho thay, khi tang khe do thi bieu dien mdi quan he gifla khe hd cfla hd cfla thoat ba, xu the chu yeu dp sdt dich vd thoat ba vdi cac hdm Y,, Y,, Y, (hinh 3). nang suat may tang tang do ap lUc ep giam, thdi gian hdn hpp ep lUu lai trong may it hon. Chi phi nang lUpng rieng giam manh d doan dau do khe hd Idn thi lUc sUc can d cfla thoat giam, ba thoat ra nhang bon, nhUng den cudi vung khao sat thi giam khdng dang.

3.2.3 Anh hUdng cua chieu rong 16 sdng a(mm)

Dieu kien thi nghiem: Tdc dp vit xoan n

= 200v/ph; Khe hd cfla thoat ba s = 15mm. Ket qua thi nghiem xac dinh anh hUdng cua chieu rdng Id sdng dUpc ghi trong bang 3.

1

2.0

" 1 ' " 2 ' 3

(%)

«

v/

? ^

' \

^-^

\ / /^

Q (kg/h)

.600 .

• 560 •

•520 -

•480 -

• 440 -

400 Nr (kWh/t)

•6.5

• 6 0

• 5 5

•5.0

• 4.5

4.0 ^

Hinh 3: Anh hildng cua khe hd ciia thoat hd s (mm) den cdc hdm Y^, Y^ 7,

Bang 3: Ket qud thi nghiem xdc dinh anh hildng cua chieu rong Id sdng

Chieu rong sang a (mm)

0.6 1.0 1.4 1.8 2.2

16 Do sot dich qua trong ba

5 (%) 2.09 2.14 2.29 2.93 3.98

Nang suat may Q (kg/Ti)

454.5 493.7 520.5 535.7 542.0

Chi phi nang luong rieng

Nr (kWh/t) 5.69 5.08 4.64 4.38 4.33

TU ket qua sd lieu trong bang 3, ta ve dUpc Tren do thi binh 4 ta thay, khi tang chieu do thi bieu dien mdi quan he gifla chieu rdng Id rdng Id sang (he sd roi cua sdng khdng thay ddi, sdng vdi cac ham Y,, Y^ vd Y3 (hinh 4). chpn bang 0,25), ban dau khi Id sdng cdn nhd dp

sdt dich tang cham, sau dd dp sdt dich tang ra't nhanh do khoang each gifla cdc Id sdng Idn can trd viec thoat dich ra khdi Idp ba. Khi tang chieu rdng Id sdng, ban dau nang suat may tang cham sau dd gan nhfl khdng tang. Khi tang kich tbfldc Id sdng, chi phi nang lUpng rieng giam nhUng doan cudi vung khao sat hau nhU khdng giam 3.2.4 Anh hUdng cua van toe dao bam vd(v/ph)

(mm)

Dieu kien thi nghiem: n = 200v/ph; s =

^ ^ S — ^ Q — ^ Nr 15mm, a = 1,4mm. Ket qua thi nghiem xac dinh Hinh 4: Do thi anh hUdng cua chieu rong 13 sdng den anh hUdng ciia tdc dp dao bam dUpe ghi trong

cdc hdm Yl, Y2 vd Y3 bang 4.

;

4 . 5 .

4 . 0 .

3.6-

3.0-

2.5-

2.0

s

(%) ¹

1 / •

Q (kg/h)

400 Nr (kWh/t)

_M_^

0.6 1.0 1.4 1.8 2.2

TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM

•

Sd 12 (Thang 12 nam 2011)

NGHIEN CdfU - TRAO D(!)l

Bang 1: Kit qua thi nghiem xdc dinh anh hUdng cua chiiu rdng 15 sdng

Toe do dao bam Nd(v/ph)

Do sot dich qua trong ba

6 (O'o)

Nilng suat m^y Q (kg/h)

Chi phi nang luvng rieng

Nr (kWh/t) 300

350 400 450 500

3.76 2 "^2 2.15 2.12

450T 490.9 521.4 536-2 536.6

4.85 4,66 4.57 5,03 5.60

;

"1

TU ket qua sd lieu trong bang 4, ta ve dUpc do thi bieu dien mdi quan he gifla tdc dp dao bam vdi cdc hdm Y,, Y, vd Y, (binh 5).

Tren dd tbj hinh 5 ta thay, khi tang tdc dp dao bam, ban dau, dp sdt dich tang rat nhanh, sau tang cham dan do phan Idn nguyen lieu sau khi di qua dao bam mot lan se di vdo bd phan ep nen chi dflpc bam nhd den mot kich cd nhat dinh khi tang n^. Ban dau nang suat mdy tang nhanh sau dd tang cham dan, ddi vdi hdm chi phi nang lUOng rieng N^ doan dau giam nhUng sau dd tang nhanh do lUc can vd lUc ma sat gifla dao vdi nguyen lieu tang nhanh khi tang tdc dp.

,

2.0

1 Q

600

-560

520 •

460 •

440

40O Nr (kWWI)

6.5

6 0

5 5

• 5.0

4.5

4.0 ^

400 450 SCO (v/ph)

Hinh 5: Do thi anh hUdng cua toe do dao bam n^ den cdc hdm Y^, 1', vd 7,

n

I P •' •

«

n

_{- - * ^ . T}

a)

Hinh 6: a) Lien hdp mdy; b) Bd diia sau khi ep

NGHIEN CUfU - TRAO DOI

4. KET LUAN 5H-25mm vd chieu rdng Id sdng a = 0,4^ 1,2mm.

Ket qua nghien cUu thUc nghiem da xac Trong khoang nghien cUu cua cac yeu td dinh mUc dp anh hUdng cua tUng yeu td den chat anh hUdng, cac chi tieu ve chat lUpng san pham, lUpng san pham, nang suat may vd chi phi dien nang suat may vd chi phi dien nang rieng cd the nang rieng, ddng thdi cflng xdc dinh dflpc khoang dap Ung dflpc nhflng yeu cau cdng nghe cP ban nghien cflu thich hop cho cua cac yeu td lam co cua qua trinh ep nhU: ty le sdt dich bao trong ba sd cho nghien cUu thiic nghiem da yeu td nhU: 2,08^3,87%, nang suat may 0,305^0,5]4tan/h va tdc dp dao bam n^ = 300H-500vg/ph, tdc dp vit chi phi nang lUpng rieng 3,84^5,08kWh/tan. • xoan n^ = 100H-300vg/ph; klie bd cfla thoat ba s =

Tai lieu tham khao:

[1] Xokolov AIA (1996), Co sd thiet ke may thUc pham, (Tai lieu dich), NXB Khoa hpc Ky thuat. Ha Ndi.

[2] Vegetexco (1998), "Some information on the export of fresh and producessed horticultural products in Vietnam", Workshop Commercialisation of tropical fruits in South Vietnam, SOFRI, 12- 13/6/1998.

[3] Nguyen Man (1998), "Some ideas on the export market of fresh and producessed fruits in the South Vietnam", Workshop Commercialisation of tropical fruits in South Vietnam, SOFRI, 12- 13/6/1998.

[4] Pham W n Lang. Bach Quoc Khang (1998). Co sd ly thuyet quy hoach thUc nghiem vd flng dung ky thuat trong ndng nghiep. NXB Ndng nghiep Hd Ndi.

TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM • Sd 12 (Thang 12 nam 2011)