Chinh sach | Pohcy Asla-Padfic Economic Revle*
Lieu c h a u Au d a thoat khoi
"bao" suy thoai kinh te?
Hpi nghj thuong dinh thuong ni€n mua XuSn cOa Lifin minh chSu Au (EU), l<eo dai trong 2 ngay 14-15/3 tai Brussels, BI, da k^t thijc, song m $ t cau h6i Idn dang ndi l6n: "Li^u chdu Au da thoat bao?".
Cdc nhd Idnh dgo EU gdp nhau Idn nay trong bdi ednh dugc eho Id
"tinh hinh ddng Io ngai trdn todn chdu Au" - nhu phdt bieu cua Chu tieh Hdi ddng chdu Au Van Rompuy khi khai mac hdi nghj - vdi cdc hoat ddng kinh td tidp tyc tri tre vd ty le thdt nghiep tdng cao tai ehdu luc nay.
Tren linh vuc dd'i ngoai, vdn dd lidn quan tdi Syria cung dang gay chia re trong EU. Do vdy ede ehu dd ehi phdi chuong trinh nghi su bao gdm edeh thue gidi quydt tinh trang that nghiep dang ngdy edng nghiem hong, dac bidt trong thanh nidn; thfle ddy tdng trudng vd gia tdng eanh tranh; ede van dd ddi ngoai eung nhu mdi quan hd vdi cdc ddi tae chidn luoc.
Ngdy hpp dau efla hdi nghi dd duge danh de thdo ludn todn bd cdc vdn dd kinh id. Chu tieh Van Rompuy cho bidt cdc nhd Idnh dao dd nhdn manh tdi 4 muc tidu chinh trong ehidn luge kinh td todn didn eua EU: khdi phye sy dn djnh kinh td vd cd gdng duy tri, ddm bdo tdi ehinh edng hgp Iy vd hgp Iy ed vd mdt CO edu, ddu tranh vdi nan thdt nghidp, vd eudi eflng Id edi edeh dd tdng trudng Idu ddi.
Cd nhflng lo nggi hude khi hdi nghi didn ra rdng nhung bdt ddng vd edeh thuc dua chau Au thodt khdi eude khung hodng ed thd sd khcfi mdo lai eude tranh cai gay gdt
lidn quan tdi ehinh sdeh khde khd va sy tdng trudng. Song, cdc nha Idnh d^o EU dd trdnh dugc xung ddt, vdi vi^c nhdt tri cdch didn gidi cac nguydn tde ngdn sdeh eua khdi ed tinh tdi ydu td tdng trudng.
Tuy nhidn, Oiic vd mdt sd nude khde vdn eho rdng ede bidn phdp kinh td khde khd cdn cd thdm thdi gian dd phdt huy tde dyng. Cdch dien gidi mdm deo hon - duge dua ra khi cudc khflng hodng kinh te dd kdo ddi 3 ndm vd trong khi tinh trang thdt nghidp gia tdng cdn tinh trang suy thodi thi ngdy cdng nghiem trgng trong khu vue sd dyng ddng tidn chung chdu Au — dugc xem Id mdt thdng lgi ddi vdi Phdp vd Italy.
Hai nude ndy ldn tidng nhdt khi cho rdng cdn cdn bdng ede bidn phdp kinh te khde khd vdi cde bidn phdp thue ddy tdng trudng vd dodn ket. Tdng thd'ng Phdp Francois HoIIande Id ngudi ddn ddu mdt ehidn djch vi su tdng trudng va viec lam nhdm cdn bdng ede chinh sdch eung ed tdi ehinh do Due thue ddy. Cdn Thu tudng Italy Mario Monti Id ngudi vua chiu mdt thdt bai Idn trong cudc bdu eu ngdy 24- 25/2, cd thg dua ra bdng chung vd thidt h^i md ddt nude dng dd hung ehiu do "ehinh sdeh khde khd qud lidu".
Ban kdt ludn eua hdi nghi ghi rd rdng "nhung khd ndng" hidn ed trong cdc nguydn tde didu hdnh dong euro nhdm cdn bdng ddu tu cdng vdi ky ludt tdi chinh "ed thd duge tdn dyng".
Tuy trong khi nhung tu ngfl ndy eho thdy sy nhdn thue rdng vide cdt gidm ngdn sdch khdng ndn Id hpng tdm duy nhdt eua EU, chinh sdch khdc khd sg vdn Id bidn phdp try edt dd ddi phd vdi khung hodng.
Ddy dudng nhu eflng Id quan di^m cua Chu tich Uy ban chdu Au Jose Manuel Barroso vd Thfl tudng £)uc Angela Merkel.
Chii t|ch Oy ban ehdu Au Barroso cdn cho bidt dng "dd ddt Idn bdn thdo ludn mot loat d^ xuat nhdm thfle ddy tdng trudng", nhung phdn ndn rdng vide thyc hidn ehflng Id "qud tdi vd qua ehdm".
Trong khi do, hdi nghj khdng nhdt tri dugc vd bdt ky bidn phap mdi ndo nhdm tdng viec tdm. Chu tieh Barroso hoan nghenh vide ban kdl ludn efla hdi nghj keu gpi Hoi ddng vd Nghi vidn chdu Au xuc tien nhanh hon viec thyc thi nhflng de xudt efla Uy ban - ddc bidt Id Hiep ude Tdng hudng vd Vide Idm, va Sdng kidn Vide Idm eho Thanh nidn.
Theo Tdng thd'ng Phap HoIIande, cdc nhd lanh d^o cho bidt sd thye thi Hidp ude Tdng trudng duge thdng qua hdi mfla He ndm ngodi vd bi cdc nhd ehi trich ddnh gid thdp vdi mdt "tdc dO chdng mdt". Hidp ude nay dugc tai hg bcri ngudn vdn bd sung (60 ty euro) td Ngdn hdng Ddu tu chdu Au, eung nhu bdi nguon vdn chua su dyng tfl ede quy edu trfle efla EU.
Song, cd vd nhu Sdng kidn Vi^c
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KINH T^ CHAU A - THAI BINH DUONG S6 394 (3/2013}Idm cho Thanh nidn tri gia 6 ty euro chi Id "hat mud'i bd bidn" trong thdi didm khi ty Id thdt nghidp trong thanh nidn d Hy Lap vd Tdy Ban Nha Id hon 50%.
Dudng nhu dd nhdc nhd ede nhd Idnh dao ehdu Au cdn kidn tri, Chu tieh Van Rompuy nhdn m?nh tgi eude hpp bdo kdt thue ngdy hpp thu nhdt: "Tdng tmdng vd vide Idm khdng phdi Id nhflng thu cde ehinh phfl cd thd mua hode tdp hgp duge. Dd Id myc tidu quan trpng nhdt eua ehung ta, mdt kdt qud, ma dd ed nd ehung ta phdi tidp tyc phdn ddu".
Viec cdc nhd lanh dao trdnh duoc nhung xung ddt mang tinh tu tudng tai ngdy hpp ddu cua hdi nghi cdn duge cho la do hp khdng mudn tiep tye bgc Id bdt ddng vd ty ddy minh vdo the bdt lgi trudc ede thi trudng tdi ehinh khi md Dfle se bdu cu vdo thdng 9 tdi vd tinh hinh bd tac chinh tri tgi Italy sau bdu efl la he luy eua cdc bien phap cflng ed tdi chinh vd ehinh sdch thdt lung bude byng tai nude nay.
Sau khi ket thuc ngay hdi nghj ddu tidn, eude thdo luan ve gdi cuu tra danh cho Sip trong cdi gpi Id
"Hdi nghi thugng dinh Euro" (Euro Summit) dd khidn ede nhd Idnh dao EU phdi Idm vi6c thdu ddm tdi 1 gid sang 15/3.
Vd, kdt qud cua cupc hpp bat thudng eua cde bd trudng tai ehinh khu vue su dyng ddng tidn ehung ehdu Au (Eurozone), theo dd nghi eua Chfl tjch nhdm Eurogroup Jeroen Dijsselbloem, Id mdt thda thuan mang nhieu tinh chinh tri hon nhung vdn tdo hy vgng eho Sip vd vide d^t duge thda thudn vd gdi eflu trg vdo "eudi tudn nay".
Cd tin bd trudng kinh td Sip se tdi Mdtxeova ngdy 18/3 dd thdo ludn thdm vd dd nghj eua Nga se giup tdi trg eho chuong trinh eflu trg Sip bdng vide gia han khodn vay hien cd efla Sip tri gid 2,5 ty euro va ed thd giam Idi sudt ddi vdi khodn
vay nay.
Vd phdn minh, Chfl tjch nhdm Eurogroup Jeroen Dijsselbloem cho bidt tdng sd tidn trong gdi eflu trg ndy se nhd hon so vdi dy dodn ban ddu - tn gia khodng 10 ty chfl khdng phdi 17 ty euro.
Gdi cuu trg ndy dy kidn bao gdm sy phdi hgp ede bidn phdp nhu tdng thud, cac bidn phdp tdng doanh thu, ede kd hogeh tu nhdn hda vd cdi td khu vyc ngdn hang cua Sip nhdm ddm bdo rdng ngdn quy ddnh eho khodn eflu trg Id bdn vflng.
Trong ngdy hpp thu hai vd cung Id ngay hgp cudi eung cua hdi nghi, ede nhd Idnh dao Chdu Au dd ban tdi ede vdn de lidn quan den ehinh sdch ddi ngoai vd mdi quan he vdi cdc ddi tde ehidn luge.
Cde nhd Idnh dao Lien minh chau Au (EU) dd nhdt tri sdm td chflc hdi nghj ngoai trudng khu vue de thd'ng nhdt ldp tmdng efla EU vd van dd huy Ifinh cdm vdn vfl khi dd'i vdi Syria. Chu dd ndy, lidn quan den mdi quan he phfle tap efla EU vdi Nga, dd phu bdng den \&n ngdy hgp eudi cua hdi nghi vdi nhflng tranh cdi giua Anh, Phdp vdi nhdm nude phdn ddi viec huy bd lenh cdm vdn gdm Phdn Lan, Dan Mach, Thuy Dien, Dfle vd Ao.
Thdm ehi, Ao cdn ednh bao se yeu cdu cdc lye lugng efla UN rut khdi khu vyc Cao nguydn Golan ndu Phdp, Anh cung cap vfl khi eho phe ddi ldp Syria, vi ddng thdi ndy se khidn "tinh hinh bdt dn".
Thfl tudng Dfle Angela Merkel thi td ra thdn trong ve vdn dd Syria vi theo bd cdn ddm bdo dd qudn ehinh phfl Syria khdng dupe cung edp thdm vfl khi tfl nhflng nude cd ldp trudng khde vdi Due va mpt sd thdnh vidn khdc trong EU vd Tdng thdng Basha al Assad.
Trong khi dd, thay vi edng khai ldn tieng phdn ddi ydu edu efla Anh vd Phdp, Italy dang tim kidm Idi gidi
ddp rd rdng eho ede edu hdi eua hp trude khi tuyen bd ldp trudng chinh thfle.
Chfl tieh Hdi ddng chau Au Herman Van Rompuy dd tdi khdng djnh sy can dy ddy du efla EU trong ede nd luc qudc td nhdm ehdm dflt tinh trdng bgo lye ddm mdu keo ddi t^i qude gia Tmng Ddng ndy.
Ong eung cho bidt gidi Idnh dao EU nhdt tri giao nhidm vy eho ede ngodi trudng cua td ehuc nay ddnh gid tinh hinh d Syria, eoi dd Id van d^ uu tien trong hdi nghj ngoai trudng khdng ehinh thuc, du kidn se didn ra 6 Alien vdo ngdy 22/3 tdi.
Cdc bidn phdp cua EU ddi vdi Syria khdng ndm trong chuong trinh nghj sy hpi nghj ldn ndy, song tinh hinh d Tmng Ddng lidn he ehdt ehd tdi quan he ddi tde giua EU vd Nga, nude kien quydt phdn ddi vu trang eho lue lugng ddi Idp d Syria.
Cde nha Idnh dao EU da ket thfle ngdy hgp thu hai eua hpi nghi bdng mdt eude thdo luan khdng ehinh thfle vd Nga, ehu yeu duge eoi Id mdt phiSn hpp ehudn bi eho chuydn edng du tdi Mdtxeova vdo tudn tdi efla ede quan ehfle EU nhdm "khai thac nhflng linh vuc ed loi ich chung".
Phdn Idn cudc tranh ludn vd Nga tap tmng vdo ndng lugng, chu de ede nha Idnh dao EU se thao ludn trong hdi nghi thugng dinh dde bi&t vdo ngdy 24/5. Cude tranh ludn vd mdi quan hd dd'i tdc chien luge vdi Nga eua ede nha lanh dao EU duge eho Id khdng phai de dua ra cdc kdt ludn, md Id co hdi cho cde nha lanh dao ehdu Au giai thieh mdt edeh thdng thdn vi tri efla hp trong mdi quan h6 EU-Nga.
Mde du hdi nghj ldn ndy ket thdc hai ngdy hpp vdi mdt loat vdn dd gai gdc da duge de cap tdi, ngudi ta van cd edm gide ddy Id mdt ky hpi nghi ydn dng, neu khdng mudn ndi Id nhdm chdn, vi hdu nhu khdng cd quydt djnh quan trpng ndo duge dua ra.
S6394 (3/2013) KINH T£ CHAU A-THAI BINH DUONG