TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM ^^ ^(^^> " " ' " ^"^^
hmm Lirgc DARTS V6I VIEC REN KI NANG DOC, VIET CHO HOC SINH LOIP 3 THONG QUA CAC BAI TAP
TU^ NHIEN VA XA HOI 6 MOT SO TAI LIEU
PHAM PHUONG ANH' TOM TAT
Bdi bdo phdn tich, nhdn xet vd so sdnh viic triin khai chiin luge BARTs theo hudng tich hap ren ki ndng dgc, viit cho hgc sinh lap 3 Irong cdc bdi tap Tu nhien vd Xd hgi d mdt sd tdi lieu (Vd bdi tap Tu nhien vd Xd hdi 3, On luyen kiin thiic Tu nhien vd Xd hgi 3, Top Science Primary 3, Macmillan Science 3) di thdy dugc su tuang ddng vd khdc biet giOa cdc tdi lieu: qua do. Idm rd vai trd cua chiin luge BARTs dSi vdi viec tich hgp ren ki ndng doc, viit trong hoc tap Tu nhien vd Xd hgi eho hgc sinh ldp 3.
Tu- khda: tich hgp; kl ndng dpc, vilt; chiln luge DARTs; Ty nhiSn va Xd hpi; ldp 3.
ABSTRACT
DAR Ts strategy in practicing reading skills and writing skills for grade 3 students in Nature and Society exercises in some books
This article analyses, comments and compares the deploy of DARTs strategy following the way of integrating practicing reading and writing skills in Nature and
Society exercises in some books (Nature and Society Workbook 3, Reviewing Natural and Social knowledge 3, Top Science Primary 3 and Macmillan Science 3). This investigation aims at figuring out similarities and differences between them in order to clarity the role of DARTs strategy in integrating practicing reading and writing skills in learning natural and social science for grade 3 students.
Keywords: integrate, reading and writing skills, DARTs, Namre and Society, Grade 3.
I. Sat van de khai day hpe theo quan diem tich hgp Trong chuong trinh gido due bac ndy. Dieu dd the hien rd trong sach giao tiiu hpc, viec ren luyen cdc ki ndng ngdn khoa TN&XH vd cdc tdi lieu bd trg khdc.
ngir Id nhiem vy chinh ciia mdn Tieng Ddng hdnh vdi sdch gido khoa, Vd Viet. Tuy nhien, khdng nen xem day chi bdi tap Ty nhien vd Xd hpi la nhiem vu cua rieng mdn Tiing Viet ma (VBTTN&XH) ndi chung la nguIn tdi cdn xem nd nhu mdt nhiem vy khdng the lieu giup hgc sinh (HS) ciing cd vd khdc tdeh rdi cac mdn hgc khdc md Ty nhien sau kien thirc, kT ndng. Thyc hien nhiem vd Xd hdi (TN&XH) Id mpt vi du. Mudn vu dd, cd thi ndi, vd bdi tap dd chuyen tai thyc hien dugc dieu nay, viec day hgc kha tdt npi dung giup HS ciing cd, phdt tich hgp TN&XH Id rdt can thilt. d Viet triln kiln thuc, ki nang mdn hpc. Tuy Nam (VN), ben canh cdc mdn hpc khdc, nhien, nlu xet tren binh dien ren luyen ki mdn TN&XH ciing dd vd dang dugc triln nang ngdn ngit, ma cu thi ban Id ki ndng
HVCH, Trudng Dat hpc Su pham TPHCM; Email- [email protected]
TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Phgm Phirffng Anh
dgc, vidt, thidt kd eua VBTTN&XH van chua the hien ro quan didm tich hgp hai kl nang ndy nhdrn phdi hgp vdi mdn Tidng Viet trong nhiem vy ndu trdn.
Vide xdy dung he thdng bdi tap (BT) hd trg theo quan diem tich hgp doi hdi su nghidn euu day du, ey thd vd rdt nhieu vdn dh lien quan ma trong do, chien luge vd phuong phdp xdy dyng dua trdn ndn tdng khoa hgc la mgt ydu td quan trgng. Mudn xay dung ede BT TN&XH tich hgp hd trg ren kT ndng dpc, vidt, cac nhd gido edn chu y xem xet vd dp dung ede ehidn luge vua dap ung dugc myc tidu, ngi dung chuong trinh mdn TN&XH, vua phii hgp vdi cae ydu cdu trong vide ren kT nang dgc, viet.
Xet vd ydu td nay, ehidn luge DARTs (Directed Activites related to Texts) Id mgt trong nhimg bidn phap hidu qud ddi vdi vide phdt trien ngdn ngir ma cdc nha gido dye trdn the gidi dang sd dung. Trong khudn khd cua bdi vidt, chung tdi ehi dd cap mdt khia canh nhdm gdp mdt cai nhin thue td lam tien de eho vide xay dung he thdng BT TN&XH ho trg phat tridn kT ndng dgc, vidt cho HS ldp Ba, do Id phan tich, nhdn xet vide trien khai chien luge DARTs theo hudng tich hgp ren kT ndng dgc, vidt cho HS ldp Ba thdng qua edc BT TN&XH d mdt sd' tai lieu.
O bai bdo ndy, dd ed su tuong img ve mat sd lugng giua nhdm tai lidu trong nude vdi nhdm tdi lieu ngodi nude nham ddm bdo tinh khoa hgc trong vide phan tich, so sanh, chung tdi lua ehgn hai tai li?u eua VN (Vd bdi tap Ty nhidn vd Xa hgi 3 - VBTTN&XH3, tai lieu "On luyen
kien thue Tu nhien va Xa hdi 3"
0LTN&XH3) va hai tai lieu ciia nude ngoai ("Top Science Primary 3'' - TS3 va tdi lieu '"Maemiilan Science 3" - MS3).
Mat khde, viec lua chgn bdn tai lieu cdn xuat phdt tu li do: Tuy cac tdi lieu deu su dung chien luge DARTs vdi muc dieh tich hgp ren kT nang dgc, vidt eho HS nhung trong bdn tai lieu neu trdn, chien luge DARTs dugc thd hidn da dang, cd the lam rd hon vai tro cua ehidn luge ndy ddi vdi vide xdy dung cdc BT TN&XH tieh hgp ren kT ndng dgc, viet cho HS ldp Ba.
2. Chiln luge DARTs 2.1. Dinh nghia
DARTs (Directed Activities Related to Texts) (edc boat ddng dinh hudng CO lidn quan den ngu lieu) la mgt ehidn luge dugc phdt trien dau tidn bdi Gurdner va Lundzer (1980), cd vai trd trong vide thue ddy HS dpc hidu sdu, nam thdng tin ey the vd bidt trinh bay lai thdng tin da nhdn duge theo edeh ridng cua ban than. DARTs bao gdm hang loat cae boat ddng tuang tae vdi ngir lieu da dang dd ren luyen eho HS kT nang phan tich, tdng hgp thdng tin, phat tridn y tudng vd gia tang ddng lyc hge tap.
2.2. Cdc hogt dgng trong DARTs Theo Gamble, Yates vd Wellington (2002), DART5 ed thd phdn chia thanh hai nhdm dua theo nhom hoat ddng ma HS thue hidn:
Nhdm khoi phuc (Reconstruction DARTs): HS duge yeu cdu thao tae trdn ngir lieu da dugc thay ddi de khdi phue ngxx lieu gdc. Theo dd, cdc hoat ddng
67
TAP CHl KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM S6 3(68) ndm 2015
trong nhdm khdi phyc bao gdm; dien khuyet, sdp xep, dy dodn.
Nhom phdn tieh (Analysis DARTs):
HS dugc yeu cdu tim ra mdt sd chi tiet nhdt dinh trong ngir lieu vd cd kha ndng khdi qudt hda ngir lieu dudi nhieu hinh thirc khdc nhau. Nhdm ndy bao gdm edc boat ddng: tim tir khda, gdn nhdn, xdy dyng.
3. ChuoTig trinh mon Ty nhien Xa hoi 3 va mon Science 3 (Khoa hpc 3) 3.1. Ckitang trinh mdn TN&XH Idp 3 [2, tr 162-168], [3] dugc cdu tnic tiieo 3 chu dl vd dugc the hien thdnh 70 bdi hpc:
Con ngudi vd siic khde (18 bdi), Xa hdi (21 bdi), Ty nhien (31 bai). Tren co sd dd, VBTTN&XH3 vd tdi lieu 0LTN&XH3 cung bao gdm 70 bdi vd trong mdi bdi lai cd nhilu cdu hdi dl HS cd thi dn tap kiln thirc dd hpc. Theo dd, thdng tin eung cip cho HS trong hai tdi lieu ndy cd lien quan d^n: cdu tgo, hogt dgng vd viec ve sinh cdc he ca quan trong ca the nguai (hf hd bap, he tudn hoan, he bdi tilt, he thin kinh) (chu dl "Con ngudi vd siic khde);
cdc the he trong gia dinh, cdc hogt dgng d trudng, nhiing hogt dgng thudc cdc nhdm ngdnh kinh te - xd hdi, lang que, do thi. cdc vdn de an todn trong dai sdng vd ve sinh mdi trudng (chii dl "Xa hgi");
thuc vdt, cdc bd phdn ciia cdy (rl, thdn.
Id, hoa, qua); dgng vdt, tdc nhdm ddng vat (cd, cdn triing, tdm cua, chim, thii);
bdu trai vd trdi ddt (Mat Trdi; Mat Trdng; Trdi Dat; ngdy, dem; nam, thang, miia; khi hdu,...) (chu de "Ty nhien").
3.2. Cku-ang trinh mdn Kkoa kgc (Science) trong tdi lieu Top Science Primary 3 vd tdi lifu Macmillan Science 3 cd ndi dung tuong ddi gan nhau va eung dugc the hien thdnh cdc bdi hge (TS3: 15 bdi hgc, MS3: 18 bdi hgc). Mdi bdi hgc lai gdm nhieu tieu mue vdi ngi dung lien quan chat che. Trong cdc tat lieu ndy, thdng tin cung cdp cho HS lien quan din thuc vdt, cdc bd phdn cda cdy, su phdt trien cua cdy; dgng vdt, su phdt trien ciia ddng vdt; su phdt trien cua ca the ngudi, ve sinh dn udng; vgt chdt vd ndng lugng;
bdu trdi vd Trdi Ddt (Mat Trdi, Mat Trdng, Trai Dit); lang que vd dd thi, chinh quyen: hogt dgng thudc cdc nhdm ngdnh kinh ti - xd hdi (cdng nghiep, ndng nghiep, thuong mai, thdng tin lien lac).
4. , Cdc dang bai tap trong tai liiu TS3, MS3, OLTN&XH3 v4 VBTTN&XH3
BT TN&XH trong cdc tdi li?u bao gdm nhilu dang boat ddng da dang dan xen lin nhau. Trong dd, phin Idn dugc xdy dung dya tren cac boat ddng cua chiln luge DARTs vd sd it cdn lai dugc xdy dyng dya tren cdc boat dgng khac.
Tiln hdnh thing ke cdc dang BT trong TS3, MS3, 0LTN&XH3, VBTTN&XH3 chiing tdi thu dugc kit qua sau:
TAP CHi KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM Phgm Phuang Anh
Bang 1. Cdc dgng bdi tap trong TS3, MS3. OLTN&XH3, VBTTN&XH3
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ Tai lieu Bai tap ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
BT dya tren cac hoat dpng DARTs BT dya tren cac hoat dong khac
Khoi phuc
Phan tich
Dien khuyet sip xep Dudoan Tim tir khda Gan nhan Xdy dyng Tra ldi ngan Lira chpn T6 mdu T6NG
Nhom tdi lieu nirdc ngoai TS3 SL
81 31 1 10 68 9 29 31 0 260
%
31,15 11,92 0,39 3,85 26,15
3,46 11,16 11,92 0 100
MS3 SL 48 12 18 12 61 2 30 26 4 213
%
22,54 5,63 8,45 5,63 28,64
0,94 14,08 12,21 1,88 100
Nhom tai Ufu VN VBTTN&XH3
SL 59 0 0 2 19 3 37 55 0 175
%
33,71 0 0 1,14 10,86
1,72 21,14 31,43 0 100
0LTN&XH3 SL 67 0 0 0 44 3 31 94 9 248
%
27,02 0 0 0 17,74
1,21 12,5 37,9 3,63 100 So li^u d bdng 1 eho thdy cdc BT
dua trdn boat dgng DARTs ehidm phdn Idn trong TS3 va MS3 (76,92% d tdi lieu TS3, 71,83 d tai lieu MS3), chidm chua ddn phdn nira trong VBTTN&XH3 va 0LTN&XH3 (47,43% d VBTTN&XH3, 45,97% d tdi lieu 0LTN&XH3). Nhu vay, cd the ndi, hai nhdm tdi lieu cd nhimg dinh hudng khdc nhau trong vide ddnh gia ket qud nhan thde, kT nang cua HS. Ngodi ra, bdn dang BT dugc su dung nhidu Id diin khuyet, gdn nhdn, trd ldi ngdn vd lira chgn. Dac bidt, ndu dang BT didn khuydt chidm nhidu nhat trong TS3 va MS3 (31,15% ddi vdi TS3 vd 22,54%
ddi vdi MS3) thi BT lua ehpn lai la xu hudng chinh trong hai tdi lieu cua VN (31,43% ddi vdi VBTTN&XH vd 37,9%
ddi vdi tdi lieu 0LTN&XH3). Mdt didm cdn luu y trong bdng trdn Id sd lugng BT cua bdn tdi lifu khdng that su tuong xirng. Tuy nhidn, do bdi vidt ehu ydu tim
hidu vd chien luge DARTs ddi vdi vide ren kT ndng dgc, viet ndn tdng sd BT khdng that sy giii vai trd quan trgng trong vdn dd ndy. Vd cung vi the, vife phdn tich nhimg dang BT khdng thuOe ede boat ddng DARTs se dugc trinh bay ey thd trong mdt bdi viet khde.
5. Chien lirgc DARTs doi vdi vi?c ren kl nang doc viet cho HS Idp Ba thdng qua cac bai t|ip TN&XH d tai lifu TS3, MS3, OLTN&XH3 va VBTTN&XH3
5.1. Vifc ren ki ndng dgc, viet cho HS thdng qua cdc bdi tgp thugc nhom khoi phvic trong cdc tdi lieu TS3, MS3,
0LTN&XH3 vd VBTTN&XH3 Khi dp dyng nhom boat ddng khdi phyc vao cde BT TN&XH, ede tai lieu thudng ydu cdu HS thue hi|n cde thao tdc didn khuydt, sdp xdp vd du dodn dd dua ngir lieu nhan dugc (ngu lieu da bi bidn ddi td ngd lieu gdc) trd ve ngd lieu gde.
69
TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Sd 3(68) nam 2015
Bdng 2. Cdc bdi tap di/a tren nhdm hogt ddng khdi phuc trong TS3, MS3, VBTTN&XH3 vi 0LTN&XH3 Tai lifu
Bdi tdp ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
Dien khuyet
Sdp xep
Hoan thanh van ban Hoan thanh bang
Hoan thanh so dl
Tro choi md rpng von tu (MRVT) Tir/cum tir ->
cau Can -> Doan Tro chffi MRVT
Dir dodn T6NG
Nhom tdi lifu nude ngoai TS3 SL 44 21 9 7 12 19 0 1 113
%
38,94 18,59 7,97 6,19 10,62 16,81 0 0,88
100 MS3 SL 20 21 9 0 7 0 5 16 78
%
25,64 26,92 11,54 0 8,98
0 6,41 20,51
100
Nhom tai lifu VN VBTTN&XH3
SL 21
•38 0 0 0 0 0 0 59
%
35,59 64,41 0 0 0 0 0 0 100
OLTN&XH3 SL 28 39 0 0 0 0 0 0 67
%
41,79 58,21 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 Sd lieu thdng ke d bdng 2 cho thdy:
Xet vl mat cau tnic, TS3 vd MS3 khai thac tat cd edc boat dgng d nhdm khdi phyc. Trong khi do, hai tdi lipu cda VN ehi chu yeu sir dung hoat ddng dien khuylt; khdng cd BT ndo ap dung hoat ddng sip xep vd dy dodn.
Xem xet vd phdn tich cac boat ddng dien khuyet, sap xep, dy dodn trong cae tdi lifu TS3, MS3, VBTTN&XH3 vd 0LTN&XH3, ngudi thyc hi$n nhdn thiy:
© Hoat dong "Dien khuyet" trong DARTs bao gdm edc boat ddng: hodn thdnh van bdn, hodn thdnh bdng bilu, hodn thanh so dd mang, Trong dd, TS3 vd MS3 khai thdc tdt cd cac boat dgng cdn VBTTN&XH3 va 0LTN&XH3 ehi tap tiimg khai thac boat dgng hoan thdnh bdng (64,41% ddi vdi VBTTN&XH3 vd
58,21% ddi vdi 0LTN&XH3) vd hoan thdnh van bdn (35,59% ddi vdi VBTTN&XH3 va 41,79% doi vdi OLTN&XH3). Trong cac BT, boat dgng ndy dugc dp dyng vdi hinh thiic thdng thudng: HS dien vdo cac chd trdng hong mdt van ban, bang bieu hoae so dd mang.
Ben canh do, trd choti MRVT Id mdt hinh thiic sang tao md cde tdi lieu ndy da khai thdc. Viec trien khai boat ddng nay trong cdc tai lieu dugc the hien nhu sau:
• Hogt ddng "Hodn thdnh vdn bdn"
Trong VBTTN&XH3 vd 0LTN&XH3, sd lugng cdc BT khdng cung cap tit xap xi bdng sd lugng BT cd cung cip Xh (57,14% vd 42,86%
VBTTN&XH3, 50% vd 50% - 0LTN&XH3). Khdng gidng nhu thi.
TAP CH( KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Phgm Phirffng Anh
vide cung cdp san tu lai Id lua ehgn cua phan Idn cac BT dang nay trong nhdm tai lieu nude ngodi (65,9% - TS3, 100% - MS3). Cd the thay rang: Vide khdng cimg cdp tu trong ede BT d VBTTN&XH3 vd 0LTN&XH3 cd thd giup HS phdt tridn tri nhd ngdn ngu vi cdc em huge phdi van dung kidn thuc, vdn tu sdn ed de chpn Ipc vd su dyng tu vung phu hgp. Tuy nhidn, rdt nhieu BT dang nay trong VBTTN&XH3 vd 0LTN&XH3 deu sd
dung lai cdc ngu lieu trong muc "Ban cdn bidt" eua SGK (VSTTN&XH3: cdu 2, bdi 2, tr. 4; cdu 2, bdi 4, tr.6; cdu 2, ba.
12, tr.l7;...; 0LTN&XH3: cdu 2, bdi 16.
trJ2; cdu 1, bdi 9, tr.l6; cdu 3, bdi 42.
tr.62; ...;). Dien hinh nhu cdu 1, bdi 58 (Mat Trdi), tr. 86, BT su dung nguyen van phdn "Ban can bidt" trong SGK va tidn hdnh "due Id" dd HS didn vdo chd trdng (xem hinh 1).
V Mat Trdi v i a chieu sang, viia toa nhiet. Nhci c6 Mat Trcii, cSy c& xanh tutJi, ngi/oi va dong vai khoe manh
1. Quan sat liinh 1 Irang 110 liong bncli fluo Wioa v;i ditti v chi . cho phii hop
rfyco-
ia chieu sang, viia toa nhiet. Nh6 ci r^giidi va dong vat
Hinh 1. Phdn "Bgn cin biit" trong SGK TN&XH3 vd cdu 1, bdi 58 (Mat Trdi), tr.86 trong VBTTN&XH3 Nhu vdy, d day, BT chi mdi dimg
lai d vi^c tdi hien kien thiic. Hay ndi each khdc, vipc sii dung lai cdc ngir lieu trong SGK dg xdy dyng BT hodn thdnh van bdn chua hdn Id mdt cdch lam hay dl phat trien d cac em kT ndng tu duy, kT nang dpc hieu vi HS cd the hoan thdnh BT nhd vdo vi6c nhd co hgc md khdng thyc sy hieu bdi. Them vdo dd, viec sir dung lai cau cho gidng hodn todn phin "Ban cin bilt" trong SGK sS khiln HS mdt di ea hdi tilp can mdt vdn bdn mdi de ren kT ndng dpc bilu. Khdc vdi each lam nay, tdi lidu TS3 va MS3 lai lua chgn vd sir dung cdc ngii lieu khdng gidng vdi SGK^: cdc ngii lieu ndy cd ndi dung gdn liln vdi bai bgc nhtmg khdng dan thuan tdi hien lai kiln thiic SGK ma long ghep cdc kiln thiic thyc tl ben ngodi (TS3: cdu 7, bdi 1, tr. 7; cdu 8, bdi 12, tr. 13; cdu 14, bdi 2, tr. 15;...; MS3: cdu 3, bdi 1, tr.
14; ...). Them vdo dd, vdi nhOng ndi
dimg budc phdi trinh bdy lai phan li thuylt, ngir lieu trong TS3 vd MS3 cung dimg cdch diln dat khdc. Do dd, de 1dm dugc cde BT, HS vira phdi van dyng kien thirc, vira phdi dgc hieu, tu duy de dien diing tir. Cdch ndy vira tranh dugc tinh trang bpc vet cua HS, vira cung cd kien thiic, til vyng vd ren ki ndng dpc bilu cho cdc em. Vd vi ngir lieu cd tinh thyc tien cao nen cdc tdi lieu TS3, MS3 khdng don thudn Id nhihig quyIn sach BT tdi hien li thuylt khd khan ma cdn nhu mdt ngudi ban ddng hanh ciing HS trong viec khan phd tbI gidi ty nhien, xd hdi. Diln hinh nhu cdu 2, bdi 7, h. 40 trong "VBT" MS3 yeu ciu HS thyc hien boat ddng hodn thdnh van bdn cd npi dimg ndi vl Ma Trdi. Day Id phan ndi dung kien thiic cua bdi hpc, nhimg ngudi bien soan tdi Ueu da khdng dimg lai phdn ghi nhd ve Mat Trdi trong "SGK" MS3, md cd sy bien soan lai vdi cdch diln dat khdc (xem hinh 2).
TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Sd 3(68) ndm 2015
The Sun is a star Stars are like ^ant balls of fire. The Sun is thousands of limes bigger than the Earth, The Sun Is Hie other stars you see In the ni£M sk/. You can see the Sun during Ute day because It Is closer to the Earth than other stars.
life on Earth is possiUe thanks lo the light and heat from the Sun.
0 CnnpieCe the tent about Uw Sun. tin UlB WIMIII.
[cioMf j [ lire ] [ atar J ( iwrt ] [light )
WHhoul the Sun, the Solv System nvoukJ be dSFk and eoM. H |
• ^ B
Hinh 2. Phdn ghi nhd trong "SGK"MS3 vd cdu 2, bdi 7, tr.40 trong "VBT"MS3 0 khia canh khde, hoat ddng "hodn
thanh van ban" duoc tridn khai vdi muc dich khdng gidng nhau d hai nhdm tdi lieu. Hoat ddng "hodn thdnh van bdn"
trong VBTTN&XH3 va 0LTN&XH3 chu ydu hudng ddn mye dich kiem tra tri thuc cua HS, chua tao didu ki?n de cdc em thuc hdnh sd dyng tu trong ng15 canh, hidu cau true cdu, cdu true doan vd rdn luyen kl nang vidt. Trong khi dd, tai lieu TS3 va MS3 thd hi?n viec ehu trpng muc dich ren ki ndng dpe, vidt cho HS: Cy thd, tuy khdng cimg cap tu vung tryc tiep cho HS d BT do, nhung TS3 va MS3 rdt kheo leo trong vide eimg cap va khde sdu
tu ngii cho HS thdng qua cde eon dudng khac: do cd thd Id mdt trd choi md rdng vdn td hoae mdt BT nhd cd chda td can dung d BT sau. Vi dy nhu cdu 13, bdi 2, tr. 15, tdi li?u TS3 yeu eau HS hoan thdnh tro choi MRVT bdng each khoanh tron cac td cd lien quan den xue giae. Day Id hoat dpng cung edp tu cho cdu 14. bai 2, tr. 15 vdi ydu cdu HS phdi hodn thanh van bdn da dupe bd trdng mpt sd vi tri (xem hinh 3). Vdi cdch nay, HS dupe t^o eo hdi dd "ep xat" vdi ngdn ngu hon, giup eac em nam ro cdu tao td, nhd nghi^ tu vd bidt sd dyng td phii hpp trong mdt ngu eanh xae dinh.
C E ^ _ L 3 1 « " « 0 3 i? . . . ( S _ E K S I T I V ^ E J E S G Q ( T 0 U C « , , C , , T^ 0 , 3
« 0 ( £ ; 0 l T ) , , . S 0 . , .
> 0 a I > . « C i : i J _ I E ) » 1 I . . | J : , » B . , T I , 3 W ,
The sense organ Qf toijch is Die skin
through our lauEti reMolws
and lips are rery sensilive
_ , lift iJistinguish different sensations
• 0 " ' f t o r t i p 5
_ . T I i e sense of touch allows
us lo dislingui^ vitiether swneUiir^ is dry or m
liolofEslij pOfhatiiorsait
Hinh 3. Cdu 13 vd cdu 14 bdi Dac bidt, thdng thudng, cdc BT
"hodn thanh van ban" trong tdi lieu TS3 vd 1V1S3 thudng cd hinh dnh minh hpa va eae cdu dupe sd dung thudng eo cung mdt cdu true. Vide su dung quy trinh di tu hinh dnh -> tu -^ eau -> doan dd eung edp tu vung ddng thdi vdi hinh anh minh hpa giup HS nhan didn, ghi nhd tu vung,
2, trang 15 trong tdi lieu TS3
ghi nhd edU true cau dd dang hon. Didu ndy phu hpp vdi dac didm tu duy true quan hinh anh va dac didm tri nhd cua HS ldp Ba khi tidp can cae khdi niem.
Hon thd, nd cdn cd tdc dung trong vide dan ddt HS tiing budc nam cac don vj nhd eua bai van.
• Hogt dgng "Hodn thdnh bdng
TAP CHl KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM Phgm Phtctmg Anh
bieu"
Day Id boat ddng duac sir dyng nhilu nhdt trong cdc BT cua MS3 (26,92%), VBTTN&XH3 (64,41%) va 0LTN&XH3 (58,21%) vd duac triln khai theo cdc hudng: so sanh nhiiu ddi tupng vl cac dac tinh nao do (TS3: cdu 5, bdi 8, tr.48; cdu 14, bdi 9, tr.57; cdu 8, bdi 11, tr.67...; MS3: cdu 2, bdi 3, tr.45
....; VBTTN&XH3: cdu 1, bdi 32, tr.43:
cdu 1, bdi 39, tr.52...), lilt ke dii ttrong vd cdc dac diem ndo dd ciia doi tirong nay (TS3: cdu 15, bdi 2, tr. 15; cdu 13, bdi 15, tr.93...; MS3: cdu 4, bdi 2, tr.7;
cdu 2, bdi 5, tr.ll...; VBTTN&XH3: cdu 4, bdi 7, tr.ll; cdu 2, bdi 10, tr.l4...;
0LTN&XH3: cdu 4, bdi 17, tr.27; cdu 1, bdi 17-18, tr.29...;) (xem hinh 4).
S CMvMa UN UM. .bMit n .
m
Hinh 4. Bdi tap "hodn thdnh bdng hiiu " trong TS3 vd VBTTN&XH3 Vdi hai hudng nay, eae tdi lieu sd
dyng ho?t dpng "hodn thdnh bdng bidu"
nhu mpt edeh thde phu hpp dd vua kidm tra kien thuc cua HS theo tung don vi ridng le, vua hinh thdnh d HS ki ndng tdng hpp vi dd hodn thdnh bdng bieu, cac em phdi ndm vung kidn thuc vd phai eo kl ndng "dpc bang bidu" dd ed thd dua thdng tin minh bidt vao dung hang, ept.
Tren thyc td, nhidu thdng tin trong ddi sdng dupe the hipn trdn bang bidu. Va do dd, vi^e phdt trien kT ndng "dpc bang bidu" thdng qua cdc BT TN&XH Id rdt can thiet. Ben canh dd, dang "hodn thanh bdng, bidu" dd so sdnh hai hay nhidu ddi tupng ve mdt sd dde tinh ndo do se hinh thdnh d HS kT ndng doe phan tich, so sdnh,
phdn bidn dua tren vide ddi chidu cde van dd va ehudn bi eho edc em edeh vidt ede bdi van eo yeu td so sdnh sau nay.
•J* Hogt dgng "Hodn thdnh sa do mgng "
Dang hoat dpng nay chi xudt hien trong eac BT cua tdi lieu TS3 vd MS3 vdi sd lupng nhd trong tdng so eac BT thupc nhdm khdi phye (7,97% - TS3 vd 11,54% - MS3) va thudng theo hai hudng: C& cap den cac tidn trinh nao do (TS3: cdu 1, hdi 3, tr. 16; cdu 13, bai 3, tr. 21; cdu 9, bdi 5, tr. 31; ...; MS3: cdu 4, bdi 3, tr. 8; cdu 1, bdi 5, tr. 48; cdu 2, bdi 6, tr. 49;...), tdng hop, he thong lai mdt hay nhieu mang kien thdc {TS3: cdu 11, tai 5, tr.33; cdu 4, bdi 12, tr. 71;...) (xem hlnii 5).
73
TAP CHl KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM SS 3(68) ndm 2015
LUMIwiiigrantMli the nones boxes fiAdMvL
1 tl 1=$=:^
• ^
of ll« codKl dwnges of stole. Use HK wonli nl
Md < i = n >
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gas 1
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1 11 i : 11 1
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' H«M=a j . — 1 wsecis — - d usmji
( li i : 11 1
^ n / t 5. Sfli rd/7 "sadd Dang boat ddng ndy gdp phdn giup HS 1dm quen vdi viec "dpc so do". Qua ,dd, cdc em timg budc phdt triln ki nang bp thdng hda thdng tin trong khi dpc bdng cdch xdc dinh cdc tit khda; cudi ciing, tbI hipn thdng tin thdnh mot so dd mang.
Bdng hinh thiic ndy, HS cd thi phdt triln kl ndng dpc hieu, kl ndng tim y, lap dan y khi hpc tdp Idm vdn d giai doan sau. Ben canh do, kl ndng sap xep chudi vdn dS cung se dupe cung cd. Dieu ndy se bd trp cho HS khi thyc hien viet cdc bdi van theo mpt tien trinh nhdt dinh.
• Trd choi MRVT
mgng" trong TS3 vd MS3
Cac tro choi MRVT trong hoat dpng diln khuyet thudng Id cdc trd choi d chii dudi dang HS dupe cung cap cdc gpi y; sau do, cdc em se dya vdo cdc gpi y nay dl hodn thdnh d chii (xem hinh 6).
Theo sl Upu da thdng ke, dang trd choi d chit nay chi xudt hien trong tdi li$u TS3.
Viec sit dyng cdc trd chai nay Id m§t cdch lam"mlm hda" BT, khiln vifc hpc trd thanh boat d^ng choi vdi tre, vira cung cl vd md r0ng vln tit cho HS vita phdt triln ki nang gidi quylt van dl vd cai thipn sy tdp trung vd chii ^ cia cdc em.
Hinh 6. Mdt tro chai MR VT trong TS3
<S Hoat a§ng "SSp xep"
Hoat dpng sSp xIp chiem so luong khdng nhilu trong cdc BT d TS3 (27,^3%), MS3 (;j,iS%). Rieng VBTTN&XH3 vd 0LTN&XH3 khdng sit dyng boat ddng ndy.
Trong TS3, MS3, hoat ddng ndy dupe thi hien dudi hinh thirc: sdp xIp tir/eym tit dl tao cdu (TS3: cdu 9, bdi 1, tr. 8; cdu 3, bdi 2, tr. 11;...; MS3: cdu 3, bdi 1, tr. 5; cdu 3, bdi 1, tr. 10;...), sdp xIp cdc cdu dl tao doan (TS3: cdu 11, bdi I, tr. 9;...) hodc trd choi md rdng vdn tir (MS3: cdu 1, bdi 1, tr. 6; cdu 2, bdi 1, tr. 17;...) (xem hinh 7).
TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Pham PhitangAnh
2. UnKTambl««wwofdi«DnM«Mlbur function* of ledves.
AununmbtonidmtUtM bnii
" Ul (lltH«»llM
^ Put the stages of Sarah's life In order.
[~~| Sarah's muscles are weaker, but she stfll likes to do exercise.
r~l Sarah learns to talk.
1 1 Sarah goes to work every day. She has got two children.
a. ( I M ) (lUMWn) (to) ( M « « ] [from) [Cnew] (takenUirmtfi | | SSFBh SlKltlenly gTOWS 8 lOt a n d d e v d O p S F M f » f « m . . m M . 1 1 . ( . u n thH,,, A, ft. i . » , «
,. l-...™,.) M (""0 (.-) (".»! (-".-.1 ("»
W M M iml mlnimll . r f t . » . l.lnm thmnh t h . t M .
breasts.
1 1 Sarah's mttk teeth start to fall out and permanent teeth start to grow.
Hinh 7. Cdc bdi tap sdp xip trong MS3 Ben e^inh vide eung cd lai kidn thde
khoa hpe, phdt tridn d HS kT ndng ldp lu$n dua trdn vide sdp xdp cac dd kidn khoa hpc theo mdt trinh tu hpp li, eac BT dua trdn boat ddng nay cung eap eho HS nhihig hidu bidt vd tu, eau, d o ^ . Dd la vi, mudn sdp xdp tu/cym tu thdnh cdu hodn chinh, cdc em vua phdi ndm vdng nghTa eua tu, vua phdi hidu rd cdu true edu dd ed thd chpn lya tu phu hop vd ddt tir do vao dung vi tri trong edu. Tidp theo, dd cd thd tao doan vdn hodn ehinh, HS phdi hidu nghTa cua cdu de sdp xdp ede cdu dy theo mdt trinh tu hpp Ii nhdm dam bao y nghTa vd cau true cua ca doan. Ndi
tdm lai, thdng qua cdc bdi tap sap xep, HS dupe dn lai kidn thue khoa hpc, phdt tridn vdn tu, cd co hpi thuc hdnh cae kT nang tao lap tu, cdu, doan dd tung budc nam vimg cau true ciia eae don vi nay.
® Ho^t dgng "D^ doan"
BT d\r dodn chi xudt hi^n trong tai lidu TS3, MS3 va thudng dupe thd hidn dudi dang cdc thue nghidm hoac dudi dang ydu edu HS vd hinh du dodn bdng edeh quan sat ede tranh cho trudc (TS3:
edu 6, bai 3, tr.l8; MS3: cau 1, bai 2, tr.49; cdu 3, bdi 2, tr.54; cdu 2, bdi 3, tr.65...)(xemhmh8).
0 R n d On M A T h n , dnw A t nen pictin.
LOOK «t ma D M . 11 MntB lo sting Oie girl bscauH she Is neat the beehira. The b«e tiles doMTlo tne girt, Tin girt can hear Uie bee. She lums arouid, She sees (lie bee.
WMt hippsna nsxC?
IgU
(LA.3 . A p u p i h m phiggad m a kcMe near M i n s shiny filei.
Tha kaWa b now i t s o n l i n g very c l o i e l o Iho liles.
DaKrto« w h o l ttM p u | d will observe.
E x p M n H d l obiervoKon. ff^-\
(0)
["^ r
" • - ^
n f i H
Hinh 8. Bdi tap die dodn trong tdi lieu TS3 vd MS3
75
TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM S6 3(68) ndm 201'S
Trong cac BT nay, HS dupe ydu cdu doe eac ngu lieu cho sdn va dua ra du doan ve mdt vdn dd. Nhd do, cac em ed thd phat tridn kT nang dpe hieu, kT nang suy ludn theo tien trinh khoa hpe va lam quen vdi nhidu loai ngu Ueu khdc nhau.
Mat khde, bdng eon dudng nay, eae em eung cd thd phdt trien kT nang vidt vi dd thd hien du dodn eiia minh, cac BT thudng yeu edu HS ve hinh minh hpa, vidt bdo eao tidn trinh khoa hpc hoae viet mdt doan van trinh bdy du dodn. Tuy chi chidm phdn nhd trong ede tai lieu nhung dang BT ndy cung ddt ra mpt khia eanh dang quan tdm: nen ehdng, edn dua them cde BT du dodn dd phdt tridn d HS kT ndng phdn dodn dya trdn ede suy ludn khoa hpe va kT nang thye hidn eac bdo
cao khoa hpc bdng cac each the hien khdc nhau.
5.2. Vi^c ren kT ndng dpc, viit cho HS thong qua cdc BT thugc nhdm phdn tich trong cdc tdi lieu TS3, MS3, 0LTN&XH3 va VBTTN&XH3.
So vdi cdc bdi tap thupc nhdm khdi phuc, cac bai tap thupc nhdm phdn tich cd sd lupng it hon (xem bdng 2, bang 3).
Nhdng bdi tap ndy thudng ydu edu HS thuc hidn cdc thao tac tim, gdn nhan, xdy dung dd phdt tridn d edc em kT ndng phan tieh ngu lieu. Tien hanh thdng kd sd lupng bdi tap thupe nhdm boat ddng phan tich trong tai lieu TS3, MS3, VBTTN&XH3, 0LTN&XH3, chung tdi thu duac sd lieu nhu sau:
Bang 3. Cdc BT thugc nhom hoat dgng phdn tick trong TS3, MS3, VBTTN&XH3 vd 0LTN&XH3 Tai liSu
Bai t^p ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
Gin nhan
Xay dung
Tim tir trong doan van Tim tir theo trudng nghia Tim tir Idiac biet nhdt Trd choi MRVT Ndi/viet tir/cum tir phii hpp vdi tir/cum tCr hoac doan van
Ndi hinh vdi tir
Cd san tir Ko cd sin tir Bang
Sodd Doan van tdm tat
TONG
Nhom tai Ii?u nirdc ngo^i TS3 SL
0 1 5 4 22 31 15 9 0 0 87
%
0 1,15 5,75 4,6 25,29 35,63 17,24 10,34 0 0 100
]vrs3 SL
0 5 0 7 27 30 4 2 0 0 75
%
0 6,67
0 9,33
36 40 5,33 2,67 0 0 100
Nhom tai lieu VN VBTTN&XH3
SL 0 2 0 0 1 3 15 3 0 0 24
%
0 8,33
0 0 4,17 12,5 62,5 12,5 0 0 100
0LTN&XH3 SL
0 0 0 0 14 12 18 3 0 0 47
%
0 0 0 0 29,79 25,53 38,3 6,38 0 0 100
TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Ptigm Phirffng Anh
Nhdm boat ddng phan tieh ydu edu HS phai trinh bay nhirng thdng tin ma cdc em da ndm dupe thdng qua cde hoat dpng tim tu theo ydu edu, gan nhan vd xdy dung. Sd lieu thdng ke d bdng 3 eho thdy trong ba hoat ddng cua nhdm phdn tieh thi boat dpng gan nhan co so BT vupt trdi hdn so lupng BT d hai boat ddng cdn lai d tdt ca bdn tai lieu TS3 (78,16%), MS3 (81,33%), VBTTN&XH3 (79,17%) va 0LTN&XH3 (93,62%).
® Hoat dong "Tim"
Trong bdn tdi lieu, bai tap dua tren boat dpng ndy chidm mpt phdn khd
Hinh 9. Bdi tap "tim' Nhin ehung, cae BT trong hoat ddng tim gdp phan eung ed, he thdng va phdt tridn vdn tu eho HS theo chu didm.
Didu ndy tao nen tdng tu vyng vung ehde cho HS chudn bj budc sang giai doan hai:
giai doan ma cdc em phai su dyng vdn tu cua minh dd tidp can vdi eac van ban phue tap hon vd vidt van d eac the loai da dang hon.
® Hoat dgng "Gan nhan"
Sd lieu thdng kd d bdng 1 eho thdy gdn nhdn Id boat ddng dupe su dung nhidu trong cdc BT. Dac bidt, sau didn khuydt, BT gdn nhdn Id BT ehu dao trong TS3 va MS3. Nhin ehung, BT gdn nhan thudng dupe thd hien dudi dang: ndi/viit
khidm tdn vd da phan edc tai lieu dp dyng boat ddng tim tu theo trudng nghia de xay dyng BT TN&XH (TS3: 1,15%;
MS3: 6,67%; VBTTN&XH3: 8,33%). Vi du eho hinh thuc nay cd the dupe tim thay d cdu 1, bdi 2, tr.4}; cdu 1, bdi 2, tr.45; cdu 2, bdi 2, tr.45... eua tai lieu MS3 (xem hinh 9); cdu 1, bdi 30, tr.4};
cdu 1, bdi 3}, tr.42 a VBTTN&XH3...
Ben eanh do, boat ddng "tim" cdn dupe thd hidn dudi hinh thuc trd choi d chij;
hodc tim mdt tu khdc biet nhdt trong cac tu dupe eung cdp.
0 ° ~ ~ - " - > • - « •
( H E A D 1 facs ftnhesd <^donien]> chin j
( TRUNK 1 abOamen iDorax ^omann^ back j
I. l***l«»mw«lohtolh>wo««tn<m,™i»
.rs=ri
» r 5 = 5 - ) I • • 1 . Q T T ^ . ( j w o d j <- ••"-•j-.r.-z.
• [..3'"' ) 3 . (..»^1 trong tdi heu MS3
tir/cum tic phii hgp vdi tir/cum tu/dogn vdn, noi hinh v&i tir. Trong do, vide ndi hinh vdi td dupe uu tien lua ehpn hon hinh thuc cdn lai (52,87% so vdi 25,29%
- TS3; 45,33% so vdi 36% - MS3; 75%
so vdi 4,17% - VBTTN&XH3; 63,83%
so vdi 29,79% - 0LTN&XH3, xet trong tdng sd ede BT thudc nhom phdn tieh).
Dieu nay phu hpp vdi dae didm tu duy true quan hinh anh eua HS ldp Ba.Tuy vdy, ca bdn tdi lidu deu dua them hinh thuc ndi/viet tir/cum tu phu hpp vdi tu/cum tu hodc doan vdn nhu mpt bude dd chudn ,bj eho vide hpe tap eua giai doan 2: HS phai lam quen vdi cac hoat ddng tu duy truu tupng (xem hinh 10).
77
TAP CHi KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCIVI Sd 3(68) nam 2015
.,.„..„...
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Bnn vuo cAa c u ^ aSng b&ng lai.
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[ = D. — - I I . M 1 — . . . 1 . . . ( M W B M M — . 1 i.ll )
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• IsmoetortlieEanticcwBrMwIVtMndorwKhMiiHer?
ffinA 7ft 5(7/ tap "gdn nhan " trong VBTTN&XH3 vd tdi lieuMS3 Du ed xu hudng gidng nhau trong
vide lua chpn ede hoat ddng gdn nhan, cdch the hidn cua cdc BT trong hai nhdm tdi lieu van cd su khde nhau nhdt dinh:
i) Xet ve hinh thirc noi/ viet tir/ cum tic phu hgp voi tir/cum tir hoac dogn vdn
O hoat ddng ndy, neu VBTTN&XH3 vd OLTN&XH3 chi xoay quanh hinh thuc ndi (VBTTN&XH3: cdu }, bdi 3. tr.5; cdu }. bdi 20, tr.29 ..., 0LTN&XH3: cdu 5, bdi 7, tr.J4; cdu 4.
bdi }2, tr.22 ...) thi TS3 vd MS3 lai md rpng hinh thuc: BT yeu edu HS vidt tu phu hgp sau khi doe mdt loat cac dinh nghTa vd td dupe cho sdn (TS3: cdu 5, bdi 2, tr.6; cdu 2, bdi 4, tr.22..., MS3:
cdu 2, bdi }, tr.6; cdu }, bdi } , tr.13...).
Cd thd ndi, vdi boat ddng vidt, mot Idn nua HS dupe cung cd nhung tu vung xudt hien trong BT.
Ben eanh do, nhdm tdi Ueu nude ngodi edn ydu edu HS phai vidt dupe dinh nghTa cua tu ma de bdi eung cdp (TS3: cdu 2, bdi }0, tr.58; }^S3: cdu 4, bdi 3, tr.63; cdu 4, bdi 3, tr.66...). Day la
hinh thde khdng xu£t hidn trong nhdm tai lieu VN. Nhu vdy, trong tdi lidu TS3 va MS3, vide dn luyen nghTa eua td eho HS dupe thuc hien theo ca hai chidu: ehidu thu nhdt, HS phdi gpi tdn td dua vdo djnh nghTa dupe cung cdp; chidu thd hai, cac em phdi vidt dupe dinh nghTa cua mpt td ma de bai eung edp. Vdi cdch thdc ndy, HS vua dupe t^o mdi trudng ngd li^u dh ren luyen hoat dpng dpc, vua cd co hpi ren luyen kT ndng dien dat cua minh bdng ngdn ngd vidt. D^e bidt, cdc em dupe cung ed va he thdng hda lai vdn td cda bdn than. Trong khi do, d cde tdi Ii?u ciia VN, HS ehi dupe ren luyen nghTa cua td qua mdt eon dudng: ndi tu vdi djnh nghTa tuong ung, ehd khdng dupe tao eo hpi dd thue hanh ngupe trd lai d ehiiu thd hai.
ii) Xet vi hinh thuc noi hinh vai tir Ndu nhdm tdi lieu nude ngodi chpn edeh cung edp sdn td thi nhdm tai lieu VN lai khdng cung edp san td. Xet d mpt khia canh ndo do, vide khdng eung cap td cd the Id mdt lya chpn hay dd eung co vdn tu cho HS vi tre phdi van dyng hidu
TAP CHl KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Phgm Phirffng Anh
bidt dd chu thich nhung hinh dnh Udn quan den bai hpc. Tuy nhidn, d mdt gde dp khac, vide cung edp san td cung Id each giup HS dn t^p, vi neu tre qudn kidn thde, cdc tu cung cap la gpi y dd tre quay lai kien thue mpt Ian nua. Ndi tdm lai, du vdi hinh thue ndo, dang boat ddng chu thieh hinh vua cung cd d tre kidn thuc khoa hpc, vua md rpng tu vung eho tre.
Vd do do, vide lya ehpn hudng eung edp san td hodc khdng eung cdp san td Id tuy vdo y dh cua timg nha giao khi bien soan cdc tdi li?u hd trp hpe tap cho HS.
® Hoat dOng "Xay dyng"
Vd mat Ii ludn, boat dpng xdy dung trong DARTs bao gdm cdc hoat ddng ldp bdng, l|ip so dd hoae viet doan vdn tdm
tdt vd mdt van de nao do. Cd thd noi, ddy Id boat dpng cap dp cao vi nd doi hdi HS vua phai nam vung kidn thuc bdi hpe, vua phdi cd vdn tu nhidu va kT ndng tdng hpp, didn dat, trinh bay y tudng phu hpp.
Chinh vi dp khd do, BT trong cdc tdi lieu chi xoay quanh hoat ddng vidt doan van tdm tat trinh bay suy nghT cua bdn than hodc dua ra mpt vdi tu gpi y va ydu cdu HS viet doan van vd mdt vdn dd (TS3:
cdu 9, bdi 3, tr.}9; cdu 4, bdi 8; tr.47...;
MS3: cdu 3, bdi }, tr.29; cdu 3, bdi 3, tr.64....; VBTTN&XH3: cdu 5, bdi 35, tr.48; cdu 3, bdi 37, tr.50...;
0LTN&XH3: cdu 4, bdi 75, tr.26; cdu 3, bdi 32, tr.48...) (xem hinh 11).
Bai tap 3, Emhaykevem6il^ngQuefn^e'"t>'e'-
Hmh 11. Bdi tap "xdy dung " trong tdi lieu TS3 vd 0LTN&XH3 6. Mpt vai y kien ban ludn
6.1. Qua vide tim hidu, phan tieh sy thd hidn cua ehidn lupc DARTs trong cae BT TN&XH3 d mpt sd tai Ueu, cd thd thdy rang chien lupc DARTs cd vai tro ro ret ddi vdi vide phdt tridn kT ndng dpc, vidt trong hpc tap ndi chung va trong hpc t|p TN&XH ndi rieng. Nhin ehung, bdn eanh vide cung ed, khdc sdu kidn thdc TN&XH cho HS, cde BT v$n dung boat dpng DARTs trong cac tdi li?u gdp phdn ren kT ndng dpc, vidt cho HS d cde m^t
nhu sau:
- Tgo dieu kien cho HS dirge cung cd, md rpng von tir theo chu diem: Didu nay the hien d tat ca cae hoat ddng DARTs va dae bidt ro net d eae BT dua trdn hoat dpng dien khuyet, gdn nhdn, tim.
- Tgo diiu ki$n cho HS md rpng hieu biet ve tir -^ cau -^ dogn thong qua cdc BX sap xep: Vide lam ndy giup HS hidu rd cdu true eau, doan dd ehuan bi nen tdng eho vide vidt vdn sau nay. Ngodi 79
TAP CHI KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM S6 3(68) ndm 2015
ra, viec thye hien cae bai tap sdp xdp eung tao co hpi eho cac em ren ki ndng tu duy, kl ndng sap xep chudi vdn dd. Ddy la nhung kl ndng quan trpng giup HS nam vdng thdng tin trong edc bdi dpe vd viet van trdi chay.
PItdt triin & HS ki ndng piidn tich, tong hgp vd hf thdng hoa thong tin theo nhiiu dgng thuc khdc ntiau: van bdn, bang bieu, sff do mgng thdng qua boat ddng didn khuyet, dy dodn vd xay dung.
Con dudng tiep can vd xd Ii thdng tin trdn nhieu loai ngu lieu khac nhau (van bdn, bang bieu, so do, hinh dnh) Id each thde phdt trien d HS kT ndng dpc hidu, dpe phdn tieh, tim y, lap dan y vd tu duy logic.
6.2. Cdc hoat ddng DARTs dupe trien khai trong cac BT cua hai nhdm tai lieu nude ngoai va VN ed sy khdc bidt nhdt dinh: ede BT cda VBTTN&XH3 vd 0LTN&XH3 eliua ed sy da dang trong vide van dyng cdc boat ddng eua DARTs nham khai thde Ipi ich cua cljidn lupe ndy doi vdi vide phdt tridn kT ndng dpe, vidt.
Hay ndi each khdc, eae BT khd ndng vd vide eung edp, tai hidn kidn thuc mdt each don thudn trong khi vide phat trien kT nang dpc, viet eho tre thdng qua vide hpe tap khoa hpe lai dupe thd hidn md nhat. Didu nay it nhidu khidn HS mdt di mpt mdi trudng hpc tap, ren luyen dd phat tridn kT ndng dpe, vidt song song vdi vide tim hieu, bd sung kidn thuc khoa hpe. Trong khi do, tdi lieu TS3 va MS3 ehu trpng ren kT ndng dpc, viet cho HS tdng. budc mpt thdng qua vide da dang ede boat ddng dpc, vidt, tu duy; phong
phu vd ngu lieu dd md rdng vdn tu, hinh thanh va phdt tridn d HS ed vd kidn thdc khoa hpe lan kT ndng dpe, viet (t^p trung d nhdm BT gan nhan, sap xep, tim - ddy la nhdng dgng BT xudt hien rat it trong nhdm tdi lipu eiia VN).
6.3. DARTs la mot ehidn lupe chu trpng khai thde ngir lieu dd tien hdnh edc hoat ddng nhdm nang cao kT ndng dpc, viet eho HS vd thudng dupe sd dyng trong mdn hpc ve ngdn ngii. Do do, de chien lupe ndy thuc su dat hidu qud vd phdt huy tac dyng trong vide gidng day tich hpp ngdn ngu - khoa hpe, vide hidu dung DARTs, ehuang trinh TN&XH vd xu hudng. tich hpp dd tim, bidn so?n, xay dyng cde tai U?u dgy hpc TN&XH phii hpp vdi muc dich dd ra Id m^t vife 1dm cdn thidt va cap bdeh. Cung clln ehd f rdng, edc tdi li^u ndy ndn da d ^ g vd hinh thde, ehd dd vd khdng ehi gdi gpn trong mdi trudng mdn hpc day tieng ma .edn trdi dai mot each hf thdng, hpp li vdi muc dp phu hpp trong ede mdn hpc khdc dd qud trinh ren luydn cua tre khdng bj gian doan, mat edn ddi.
6.4. Viec xdy dyng he thdng BT TN&XH edn ehu y mpt sd didm chinh nhu sau:
Ap dyng cde hoat dpng eua chi^n lupe DARTs vdo ede BT mpt edeh hpp li trdn CO sd cdn ddi, da dang ede hoat ddng, tao dieu kidn eho HS dupe tidp e?n vdi nhidu hinh thuc hoat dpng khac nhau nhdm phdt trien kT ndng dpe, vidt timg budc mdt.
Khi dp dyng ede ho£it dpng cua DARTs, cdn chu y lira ehpn ede ngd li?u
TAP CHi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM Phgm Phirffng Anh
phu hpp va dat hidu qud eao cho vide day hpc tieh hpp khoa hpe - ngdn ngir; Cac ngd li$u edn ed npi dung gdn lidn vdi bdi hpc, khdng lap lai nhiing ngd lieu HS da dupe tidp xue vd mat cdu ehd, da dang ve hinh thde (vdn ban nhu tho, van, truydn, eau dd ...; bdng bieu; so dd mang; hinh dnh ...) de tao mdi trudng dpc cho HS nham ren kT ndng dpc phdn tich, dpe hidu theo nhidu dang thuc khdc nhau.
Trien khai eae boat dpng cda ehidn lupc DARTs trdn co sd tao moi truong cho tre lam quen, nhdn thirc vd ghi nha tic vung. Dieu nay cd the dupe thue hidn thdng qua cde hoat dpng didn khuyet, gan nhdn, tim. Trong ede hoat ddng ndy, cd the sd dyng hinh dnh minh hpa tu, eau dd tre ed the ghi nhd tu tdt hon. Mat khdc, cimg can luu '^ ddn tinh ket ndi gida cdc BT: td vyng d BT ndy la ngudn ngu lieu eua BT sau. Cd nhu vdy, tre se cd dieu kidn dupe tiep can va su dung tu ngu nhidu Ian. Vi?e nay giup phdt tridn vdn td vd kT ndng sd dung tu trong edc ngu cdnh xdc dinh eho HS.
Xdy dyng BT dua vdo cdc boat ddng eua, ehidn lupc DARTs trdn eo sd
dam bdo HS- dupe phdt trien hidu biet ve tu, edu, doan theo mot trinh ty hpp li:
hinh anh -> tu -> cdu -^ doan thdng qua nhdm boat ddng sap xep, xay dung. Cde BT can dupe thiet kd trdn ea sd Idng ghep tu vdo edu, cdu vdo doan dd HS ed thd lam quen, nhdn didn dupe vi tri eua td trong edu, eau trong doan. Viec nay cd Ipi eho HS trong vide dpe giai md vdi kT nang nhan ra chi tidt trong ngu canh va kT nang viet cdu, vidt doan sau nay. Dae bidt, vdi dae didm tdm li, ngdn ngd eua HS ldp 3, cac cdu dupe thiet ke trong BT cdn ngdn gpn, de hieu theo nhdng mdu cdu don gian ma tre dupe tiep can trong mdn Tidng Viet: Ai Id gi?, Ai (cdi gi/con gi) lam gi?, Ai the ndo?, Khi ndo?, O ddu?, Nhu the ndo?, Vi sao?, Bdng gi?, De lam gi?.
Hi vpng vide su dyng ehidn lupc DARTs dd thidt kd cde tdi lidu hpc tap hd trp ren kT nang dpe, vidt thdng qua mdn TN&XH se dupe ehu y hon trong thdi gian tdi dd vide ren luyen kT nang dpe, vidt cho HS se Id su ehung tay, Id cupc ddng hdnh eua nhidu mdn hpc d trudng tidu hoc.
' DARTs {Directed Activities Related to Texts): Cac ho^t dong djnh hu6ng c6 lien quan den ngQ li?u.
^ Ci cdc nude trgn thS gidi, khong c6 tai lieu ggi la sach gido khoa, chi c6 c^c bO sdch phyc vy cho vi?c hoc t$ip. Moi b$ sAch n^y co thi thuimg g6m Pupil's book (sach danh cho HS), Workbook (sich BT), Teacher's book (s4ch giSo viSn). Wk trong bSi vigt ndy, thuat ngS sdch gido khoa ma chiing toi diing cho cdc tii lieu nude ngodi Id Pupil's book.
TAP CHi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM S6 3(68) nam 2015
TAI UEU THAM KHAO
1. Nguydn Tudn Anh (2008), On luyen kien thicc Tu nhien vd Xa hgi, Nxb Giao dye.
2. Bd Giao due va Ddo tao (2006), Chuang trinh gido due pho thong cdp lieu hgc, Nxb Gido due, U.162-168.
3. Bd Giao due vd Dao tao (2010), Sdch gido khoa, Va Bdi tap Tu nhien vd Xd hgi 3, Nxb Giao due.
4. FCarrasquillo, A., & Rodriguez, V. (2005), "Integrating language and science learning". Academic success for English language learners, tr.436-454.
5. Glover, David (2011), Macmillan Science 3, Macmillan Education, Macmillan Publisher.
6. Hackling, Mark (2002). "Assessment of Primary Students Scientific Literacy Investigating", Australian Primary and Junior Science Journal, 18(3), p. 6-7.
7. Karlinda, Orin (2013), The use of directed activities related to texts (DARTs) strategy in teaching reading comprehension: a ease study of the eight grade students ofSMP N 04 in the academic year 2012/2013, Department of English Education, Faculty of language and arts education, Ikip Pgri Semarang.
8. Nuffield Primary Science (1998), Science and literacy: A guide for primary teachers, Collins Educational.
9. Primary Education Department at Santillana (2010), Top Science 3 Primary (Student's book and Resource Book), Richmond Publishing.
Ngdy Ida so^n nh$n duvc bdi: 15-7-2014; ngdy piidn bi$n ddnh gid: 15-9-2014;
ngdy chip nhin dSng: 17-11-2014)
