BOI MOI GIAO DUC
DAY HOC THEO GOC NHONG NO! OUNG KIEN THOC VAT Ll THEO CHU DE, DAP ONG DA PHONG CACH HOC T A P
CUA HOC SINH
ThS. Nguyin U m Suno Tru&ng Dgi hgc Hg Long - Qudng Ninh SUMMARY
The article refers to "Multiple Intelligences " theory of Gardner which proved that there are 8 types of intelligence. Moreover, we suggest schools to improve more modern teaching methods to meet various learning styles of student in general and corner-based leaching in particular. We also propose the corner- based teaching process for topics of Physics then design the process for the topic "Spherical mirrors" in Physics 7 as an example and hope that this study can be useful for other knowledge in schools.
Key words: "corner-based learning", "topic-based", "Physics 7", "Spherical mirrors", "Multiple Intelligences" theory.
Ngay nhfn bdh 21/12/2014; Ngdy duyft d&ng: 25/12/2014 L D $ t v l n d l
Td nhdng nghien cdu ve sinh 11 th&n kinh ma thuylt "da tri tuf" cda Gardner di ra ddi. Theo Ciardner cd it ntiat 8 kilu tri thdng minh, dd la: Thdng minh ve ngdn ngd; Thdng minh vl ldgic -Toan hgc;
Thdng minh vfi tiij gi&e, khdng gian; Thdng minh ve am nhgc; Tbdng minh ve co the, cu ehi, dgng hgc;
Thdng minh vl x3 hdi, giao tilp; Thdng minh vl ndi tim; Thdng minh ve ty ntuen.
Ll thiflt cda Gardner da chi ra r&ng, mdi chdng ta deu tdn tgi vai kifiu tbdng minh d trfin, tuy nhifin sfi CO kilu thdn^ minh trfi ban trong mli ngudi. Gardner eung chi ra i&ng trong tiudng hgc tiiudng ehi dinh gii HS thdng qua 2 logi tii thdng minh Ii tii thdng minh vl ngdn ngd vi tri ttidng minh vfi ldgic - Toin hgc, vi dieu niy Ii khdng chinh xic. Trudng hge dudng nhu d& ehua ehd y ddng mde tdi thien hudng hge t&p theo c&e kilu tri thdne minh eon lgi, ntiieu hgc sinh (HS) cd thfi hgc t&p tdt han bing chinh thfi mgnh tri tiidng minh cda chinh c&c em. Thuylt da thdng minh eda Gardner ^ mang Igi eii nhin mdi vi can ttiiet keu ggi nhi tiudng vi giao vien (GV) coi tigng sy da tri tuf cda HS vi cln phii giup dd, kheu ggi tiem n&ng cbo tdng HS. Ng&y nay da cd nhieu phuang ph&p dgy hgc hifn dgi, d&p dng sy da tri tuf cua HS, tiong dd cd dgy hgc tiieo gdc (DHTG). Khai nifm DHTG dugc tiifiu li Mgt PPDH theo do HS thifc hifn cdc nhifm vy khdc nhau (hodc cimg mgt nhifm vy nhung cdc cdch gidi quyet khdc nhau) tgi cdc vi tri cu the trong khong gian xdc djnh de chiem linh ngi dung hgc igp theo cdc phong cdch hgc khdc nhau, ddm bdo cho HS hgc
sdu. Trong bii vilt niy, ehung tdi de cgp den each dgy nhihig ngi dung kiln tiiuc Vgt li dudi dgng c&e chu de bing phuong p h ^ DHTG.
2. Quy trinh t l ehdrc dgy hgc theo gdc n$i dung kiln thuc V$t U dudi dgng chu d l
2.1. Ciai dogn chudn bf
+ GV cho HS l&m bii tr&c nghifm Test vfi phong cich hQC dl ti^ng HS biet phong cich hgc cua ntinh (vifc niy cln tien vio dau n&m hgc). Don^ thai GV biet dugc: nbdm HS nio ed sd truong tim hieu bii hgc bing con dudng TN; nhdm US nio ed sd trudng dpc SGK v& phan tich dl tim kilm kiln tilde; nhdm HS nio cd sd trudng tim hilu Idln thde Ihdng qua quan s&t, ling nghe..., td dd phan nhdm HS cd thi d^a theo phong eieh hgc phu hgp de chgn gdc xu&t ptiit.
+ Ndi dung: GV can xac djnh kiln thdc ciia bai hgc thudc logi kien thdc nio de dua ra md hinh to cbdc DHTG phu hgp, lid tri khdng gian ldp hge vi sd gde, logi gdc phd hgp (cd the ddng phdng hge bf mdn ho$c phdng TN l&m khdng glan Idp hgc); Ludn phai cd gdc TN vl dd ti d$c thd cua dgy hgc V$t If.
- Thiet kl philu hgc tgp phd hgp tgi cic gdc.
Neu bii hpc ed "Gdc ip dyng" thi tgi gdc niy, PHT can cd tiiem phin gidi tiiifu sa luge vl n$i dung kiln thdc cua b&i hgc (danh HS chgn gdc nay li gdc xult ph&t).
- Thilt ke phieu ho tig (neu can thilt) phd hgp vdi khd kh&n cua HS tgi e&e gdc.
+ Cie phuang ph&p dgy ligc: cln phdi hgp vdi PPDH (gi&i quylt van dl, phuong phip tiiyc nghifm, hogt dgng nhdm) vdi cic kj^ tiiugt dgy hgc hifn dgi.
48 • TAP CHl THlfTBIGlAO DVC-sd 113-1/2015
DOI MOI GIAO DUC
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&)f dd 1. Quy trinh td chdc DHTG npi dung kien thiic Vdl li theo chu di
+ Pha 1: GV cho HS on tgp kiln thdc cd cd hen quan vdi bii hgc, v i neu tinh hudng cd vin dl (cd thi sd dyng tinh hudng ph&t tiiln td b&i hgc trudc m& cln ph&i hoin thifn tifip; tinh hudng mi HS cd nhieu lya chgn dl giii quyfit vin de nhung chua ctiic ctiin,...).
GV nfiu ra c&c c&ch giii quylt nhifm vy eho tdng gdc dl HS Iva chgn theo PCilT, nfiu nliif m vy cua tdng gdc, thdng nhdt so dd chuyin gde.
+ Pha 2: Tgi gdc xult phit, HS thn hilu PHT dl xic djnh nhifm vy cda ci nh&n v i ciia nhdm, HS thyc hifn dy doin, dua ra e&e e&ch kilm tia dy doan. thyc hifn c&e nhifm vy tiong PHT. Sau Idii HS dS hoin th&nh nhifm vy d gdc xuat pti&t (theo thfi c& nti&n) thi GV yfiu clu HS chuyen sang hgc t&p d c&c gdc cdn lgi theo so dd chuyen gde v& tiq> tyc thyc hifn c&c nhifm vy cda gdc mi PHT yfiu clu cho din khi hoan thinh cic ngi dung hgc tgp. GV thudng xuyen theo ddi hogt dfng cua HS vi kjp thdi hd tig (tryc tilp ho$c ddng phieu hd tiv phu hgp vdi khd kh&n eda tdng HS g$p phai).
+ Pha 3: GV cho HS c& top cung trao ddi. tii&o lu$n dfi tiidng nhat kiln tiiuc td cic gdc. 6 pha nay, GV cln Iinh hogt sd dyng c&c k? tiiu§t DH tieh eye (I^
thugt phdng tranh, l&ng nhe v& pti&n hdi tich eye...), tgo dieu kifn cho HS trinh b&y, b$c Id quan dilm ca nh&n v& hgp t&c vdi nhau dl tim ra k i ^ thdc dung.
+ Pha 4: GV chdt Igi kien thdc c& b&i hgc, yfiu clu HS ghi chfip nfi dung kiln thuc b&i hgc. Yfiu e&u HS v$n dyng bii bgc de gi&i tiu'ch c&e hifn tiigng ttiyc tl cd lien quan vdi bai hgc. GV thyc hifn EKJ nhdm va HS tiiyc hifn DG ddng ding va ty DC.
3. Vf dy mhib hga (Td chdc DHTG cbd de
"guong cau" (SGK) - vet Ii 7) 3.L Chudn bi
* Phuang tifn, thilt bj, dd ddng dgy hge - Giao vien: Guong ph&ng, guang clu ldi, guang c&u ldm (eiiiig Ideh tiiude), m&n chin, 3 cay nen gidng nhau;.. .Phifiu hgc tgp, philu hd trg-
- Hgc sinh: On tgp kiln thdc: Tinh chit &nh vi c&ch vfi &nh qua guong pbin& SGK Vgt li 7, thudc ke chia dg, but chl, bdt vilt, pha den pin, tbla I ndc...
* Phuong pti&p dgy hgc: Dgy hgc theo gdc ket hgp dgy hge gi&i quylt vin dfi
3.2. Td chuc dgy hgc iheo gdc chd di "Guang cau"- Vgt 117
3.2.1. Sa do quy trinh td chuc dgy hgc
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Sa do 2. Quy irinh td chuc DHTG chu di "Guang cau"- Vgt 117
3.2.2. Kfch bdn dgy hgc
3.2.2.1..Lim vife chung c& ldp (15 phdt) + On tgp c&ch vS inh cua m$t v$t qua guang ph&ng, nhic lgi tinh chit e&e tia s&ng d$c bift qua guong d u ldm d ldp 7.
+ Nfiu tinh hudng cd vin dfi: Cd till xult ph^ tii thyc tl su dyng cic guang elu trong ddi sdng h&ng ng&y mi HS da quan sat thay.
+ Gidi thifu b&i hgc, c&c cich nghifin cdu t>ii hgc, tfin gdc, ntiif m vy v i e&ch ngtufin cdu d tdng gdc; sa do lu&n ehuyin gdc cho tdng nbdm. Cho HS chgn gdc xuat ptiit theo sd trudng hgc cda c&c em.
3.2.2.2. Hogt dgng tgi cic gdc (60 phut) + Sau khi cbo HS chgn gde xuSt ph&t, yeu clu HS trd ve eic gdc vi thyc hifn nhifm vy eda gdc theo ptiieu hgc t$p (theo c& nh&n v& theo nhdm).
+ C^uan s&t cic nhdm hgc t^p, kip tiidi udn nin vi gidp dd (c& ntian, nhdm) eich lim TN, c&ch vfi inh, c&ch do dge...(nlu cln thilt).
TAP CHt T H I ^ B I G l A O D M C - s t i 1 1 3 - 1 / 2 0 1 5 • 49
I I I H E B l
+ Nhic c&c nhdm luan chuyfin gdc khi hit thdi gian quy djnh d 2 gdc bit budc.
+ HS hoin ttianh sdm nhifm vy d gdc bit budc thi ve hogt dfng tai gdc ty chgn .
3.2.2.3. Lam vifc chung ci top (15 phdt) + YSu c&u c&c nhdm tiung b&y s&n pham cua gdc vi thyc lufn kJ thugt "phone tranh". Cic nhdm b&o c&o kit qu& cua gdc. GV chot kien thdc v& nh&n xet c&c nhdm, HS ghi c&c ket lu$n cda b&i hgc.
4. Kit lu$n
Td chdc DHTG nhdng ngi dung kiln thdc dudi dgng cbd dfi sfi gidp HS khdng nhdng duge hgc t&p theo cich hgc sd tnrdng mi edn gidp HS hge tgp da phong eich. Nhd dd HS sfi hilu dugc sau kiln thde vdi cim giac thoii mil, sfi phat huy dugc tinh tieh eye, tinh ty tyc vi tinh sing tgo cda HS trong hge
t&p. M&t khic, do dugc hgc tbeo nhilu phong c&eh hgc nen e&c chdc n&ng cda 2 ban cau nio tig dugc ph&t trifin toin difn, ma trudc dd HS cd the chi thifin ve hogt dfng mgt lifin cda b&n elu nao bd-
T&i lifu tbam khao
t. Dd Huong Ti& (2011). Cdc kiiu td chuc dgy hgc hifn dgi trong dgy hgc Vgt li & tru&ng phd thdng, NXBDHSP.
2. Nguyen L&m Sung. Phdt huy tinh tich c\rc, tu Itfc vd sdng tgo cho hgc sinh thdng qua quy trinh dgy hgc theo gdc trong dgy hgc Vgt li. Tgp ehi GD sd 301(Th&ng 1/2013).
3. Vd Quang (Tdng chd bien); Nguyin Due ThSm (Chd bifin), Do&n Duy Hmh, Nguyin Phuang Hong (2003). Vgt U 7. NXBGD.
THirC TRANG DAO D O C CUA HOC SINH... aUp,heo
ddc lfin mgt vj tri mdi, thgm ctii trd thinh mft mdn thi quan trgng, nhu c&e mdn Vin hgc , Lich su, Dia ly,... Phit dgng cic phong trio thi dua hge t§p vi lim theo tim guong dgo dxxc Hd Chi Minh. Dau tu trang ttult b), kinh phi eho hogt d$ng ngoii gid lfin ldp nhim ning cao hifu qui giio dye dgo ddc.
+ Doi v&i S& Gido d^c va Ddo tgo Ph&i cd quy chl thgt cy thi, lugng hda vifc dinh gii xip logi dgo due hgc sinh sao cho khoa hgc, chinh x&c, M&t khic phii cd kl hogch dio tgo giio vifn ehuyfin dgy dgo ddc hgc, giio dye cdng d&n dd ning lye vi phim chat trong hf thing gi&o dye phd thdng.
+ Doi v&i Nhd irtf&ng: Chu dgng x&y dyng ngi dung chuang trinh, phuong phip vi phuong tifn de thye hifn gi&o dye to&n difn cho hgc sinh. Th^c hifn tit "nl nep, kj/ cuong, tinh thuang tr&ch nhifm".
Phdng chdng dly lui c&c tf ngn xa hdi. TSng cudng tuyfin truyen | i i o dye dgo due cho hge sinh. Gi&o dye dgo ddc long ghfip trong e&e mdn hge. XSy dyng mdi trudng trong sgch, vf sinh sgch d^p. Mdi ttily cd gi&o ph&i la mdt tim guong sing ve dgo ddc cho hgc sinh noi theo.
+Doi v&i gia tHnh: Cic tigc phy huynh can nti|n thde dly dd, nghifim tuc trich iihif m cda mlnh ddi vdi con c&i. Cd phuong phap, bifn ph&p quin 1^ con em ngay trong gia dbh. Cha m?, adi ehi phii li tim guang cho con, em noi theo. Thudng xuyfin lifin bf phdi hgp vdi nha trudng nim tbdng tin v& xd \^. Lifin hf ch&t chfi vdi to ehde h$i phy huynh hgc siiih.
+ Doi v&i dja phuang: Nang cao nhgn thdc ve vai trd, tr&ch nhifm gi&o dye dgo ddc cho hgc sinh
trang 31) trong c&c d p linh dgo, c&e td chdc chinh tij, x& hgi tgi dia phuong.
Thudng xuyfin phdi kit hgp td chdc cic hogt dgng (vin hda, vin nghf, thi dye, thfi ttiao, vf sinh mdi tnrdng vi cic hogt dfng xa hgi td thifn...) thdng qua dd thu hdt, t^p hgp vi gi&o dye hge sinh.
Phdi hgp nhi trudng v i gia dinh theo ddi, ngin cli$n vi xd 1^ giio dye nhdng htfn tugng hgc sinb cd bieu hifn vi ptigm dgo ddc, ptiip lu&t...
Gi&o dye dgo ddc cho hgc smh, hifn dang li nhifm vy vd cung "^ nghla v& rlt d n thiet tiong bit c&nh hgi nhfp Idnh tl - qudc tl, song ddy 1& v&n de mang tinh chifin lugc cua Ding vi Nhi nude nfin can sy kien til, no Iyc co ging khdng ngdng cda c& hf thing chinh trj, trong dd cd vai trd quan trgng, quyet djnh eua nh& trudng, gia dinh va xa hgi. Chi cd nhu v$y tbi vife giio dye, rfin luyfn dgo dde cho hgc sinh mdi thyc sy dgt hifu qui v& thyc sy li hogt d$ng then ehdt tiong cdng tie gi&o dye hifn nay. B&i bio dugc ho&n th&nh dudi sy hd trg kinh phi cda dl t&i mS sd TN. 13-45
Tdi li$u tham khdo
1. Lugt giio dye (200S). NXB Chmh trj quoc gia. Ha Ngi.
2.h^G\iod\ic(2^\i).Thdnglu58/TT-Hu&ng ddn, ddnh gid xip logi hgc sinh THPT vd THCS.
NXB Giio dye. Hi Ngi.
3. Vifn Khoa hgc Gi&o dye (1998). Gidi phdp phdi hpp cdc lifc lugng xd hgi nhdm gido dgc dgo due cho hgc sinh THCS hifn nay. NXB, Hi N^i
! ( • TAP CHl THI^DIGlAO DMC-5ti 113-1/2015