Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM SS 61 nam 2014
/ NGHIEN c i r u THANH PHAN LOAI VA DAC DIEIVI PHAN BO CA
6 LlTU VUC SONG CAT LON - TINH KIEN GIANG
GAO HoAi ei>c', TONG XUAN TAM", HUYNH DANG KIM THOY'
TOM TAT
Kit qud nghien ciru a song Cdi Ldn. tinh Kien Giang dd xdc dinh duac 117 lodi cd, thupc 91 gidng. 50 hp, Idbpvd cd 5 loai trong Sdch Do Viet Nam (2007). Khu hi cd d lini vuc sdng Cdi Ldn cd su phdn hi theo loai hinh thiiy vuc nude dimg. nude ehdy, theo dp man ciia mrdc vd da sd cdc lodi cd a ddy deu phdn bd quanh ndm theo miia mua vd miia khd.
Tir khda: Kien Giang, sdng Cai Ldn, thanh phan loai ea, dac diem phan bd.
ABSTRACT
Research species composition and characteristics distribution offish in Cai Lon river, Kien Giang province
The research collected from Cai Lon river, Kien Giang province identified 117 species. 91 varieties. 50 families, 16 sets and five species in Red Book of Vietnam (2007).
Fish of Cai Lon river is living distribution varied according to the type of quiet water, activities water, salinity and the majority offish are seasonal distribution rainy and dry season in the year.
Keywords: Kien Giang province, Cai Lon river, species composition, characteristics distribution, fish.
1. Md diu
Kien Giang la tinh ven bien phia Tay Nam cua nude ta. Tinh cd dudng bien gidi tren bg giap vdi Campuchia, dudng bien giap vinh Thai Lan. Day la nhtrng dieu kien thuan lgi cho viec md rdng giao luu kinh te vdi cac nuac trong khu vuc, la cita ngd thdng thuang vdi eac nude ben ngoai cua viing ddng bing Sdng Cim Long (DBSCL).
Tinh Kien Giang khdng ehi cd the manh vi du Ijch, ma cdn ed tiim nang kinh t i vdi ngudn lgi vd eiing to ldn ve thuy san do cd bien va he thdng sdng ngdi ching chjt.
Sdng Cai Ldn la mot con sdng quan trgng chay qua dia phan tinh Kien Giang.
Sdng duge bit ngudn tu rach Cai Ldn, tinh Hau Giang, ddng chay rdng din vao tinh Kien Giang. Tir day, sdng chay theo hudng Tay - Bic do ra vjnh Rach Gia tai thanh _SV, Trudng D$i hoc Su pham TPHCM
TS. Trudng Dai hpc Su pham TPHCM
Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Cao Hodi Dire vd tgk
phd Rach Gia. Sdng cd vai trd quan trgng trong qua trinh van chuyen hang hda, trao ddi vdi mot sd tinh thanh trong khu vyc DBSCL. Sdng cd chiiu dai ban 60km nen vi da dang sinh hpc ndi ehung va da dang ve thanh phan loai ca ndi rieng la kha phong phii, tir nhtrng loai ea sdng d bien den nhiing loai ca nude nggt. Sdng bj anh hudng manh me bdi cac thuy trieu va su pha trdn giira nude man va nude nggt. [8]
Ngudn nude sdng Cai Ldn la ngudn nude chinh trong san xuit ndng nghiSp ciia ngudi dan trong khu vyc nay. Khi do, van di d nhiem ngudn nude trong san xuit ndng nghiep dang ngay cang diln biin phuc tap, anh hudng khdng nhd din khu vyc phan bd ciia cae loai ca. Trong nhiing nam qua, khu he ca d day dang bj anh hudng do sy d nhilm mdi trudng trong san xuat ndng nghiep, mit can bing sinh thai va can kiet ngudn trd lugng ty nhien. Dan sd ngay cang tang thi su khai thac ngudn lgi ca ciia eon ngudi ngay cang da dang vi hinh thuc, lam anh hudng den khu he ca cua sdng Cai Ldn.
Van de bao tdn cac loai ca quy hiem dang la van de quan trgng. Vi thi, viec bao tin da dang sinh hgc ea va eac nguon gen quy hiem d sdng Cai Ldn la rit cin thiit.
Nghien cim thanh phan loai, phan tich do da dang ve cac loai ca tren he thing sdng Cai Ldn d tinh Kien Giang cd y nghTa rat quan trgng nham gdp phan danh gia day du ban ve tiem nang ngudn lgi ca cua tinh, tir dd dua ra nhung dan lieu khoa hgc giiip cae sd, han, nganh cua tinh hoach dinh ke hoach khai thac, bao ve va phat trien cae loai ea hgp li.
Tu nhihig li do tren, de tai ''Nghien cihi thanh phan loai va dac diem phan bd ca d luu vyc sdng Cai Ldn - tinh Kien Giang" dugc thye hien.
2. Thdi gian, dia diem va phirong phap nghien cihi 2.1. Thdi gian
Di tai dugc tiin hanh tu thang 10/2013 - 8/2014, bao gdm thdi gian nghien cuu tai lieu, thdi gian phan tich miu ca trong phdng thi nghiem. Thdi gian thu mau ngoai thye dia gdm 6 dgt (3 dgt mua mua, 3 dgt mtia khd): dgt 1: 25/10/2013 - 27/10/2013 (miia mua); dgt 2: 04/01/2014 - 06/01/2014 (mua khd); dgt 3: 10/02/2014 - 13/02/2014 (mua khd); dgt 4: 01/03/2014 - 03/03/2014 (mtia khd); dgt 5: 10/05/2014 - 15/05/2014 (miia mua); dgt 6: 06/07/2014 - 08/07/2014 (miia mua).
2.2. D'la diem
Di tai thu mau 22 diem chinh, dai dien cho eac loai hinh thuy vyc d luu vue sdng Cai Ldn, tinh An Giang (xem hinh 1).
Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM So 61 ndm 2014
Hinh 1. Bdn do dia diem nghien ciiu fS]
2.3. Phuangphdp
2.3.1. Phucmg phdp nghien ciru cd ngoai thuc dia 2.3.1.1. Phucmg phdp thu thdp mdu cd ngoai thirc dia
* Nguyin tac thu mdu cd
Thu sd lugng nhieu; ca ca trudng thanh, ea con; thu dung dia diem; vao eac miia khae nhau trong nam; d nhieu dia diem khac nhau thude khu vyc nghien cim (KVNC) va lap lai nhieu lan. [5], [6]
* Phuangphdp thu mdu cd
Thu mua ca tu ngu dan danh bat bang chai, ludi, cau, dang, vd, te. Id... tai ben ca hoac dat thiing mau dung dich formalin 8%. tai thuyen, be nhd thu hd. Mdi loai thu tit 3 - 5 con hoac hang chue con/mdi dia diem nghien cim la ttiy thuoc vao kich thude ciia ca hoac mite do thudng gap. Nhimg loai ea hiim hoac rit hiim gap chi thu I ea the. [5], [6]
* Phuangphdp ghi nhdn cd
Ghi nhan bang biit bi nude tren giay khdng tham nhOng thdng tin nhu: sd thii tu miu, ten phd thdng, dja diem thu miu, thdi gian thu miu va nhet nhan vao mang ca
Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Cao Hodi Birc vd tgk
(doi vai loai ca lon) hoac cho ciing vao tui ni long chua ca roi bam kin mieng tui (d6i voi loai cabe). [5]. [6]
2.3.1.2. Phieang phdp xu- li cd
Sau khi thu mau. rua ca bang nuoe sach. sSp xep ea ngay ngan vao khay, tiem formol nguyen chat \ao xoang bung, xoang hau, hai ben than va g6c eac va\ (ddi voi cac loai ea lon). keo cSng cac vay va dijng cay co phet deu formol nguyen ch4t vao cae vay, giu vay trong 1 - 2 phut de formol ngam deu se lam cho cac vay ca dupe xoe dep khi ehup hinh (d6i vai tat ca eac loai ea). [5], [6]
2.3.1.3. Phucmg phdp chup hinh cd
Sau khi xu li timg mau ca. phai chup hinh ngay de ca con tuoi nguyen, chua bi mat mau boi formol; diing tam simili co kich thuoc lon, mau xanh da troi hoae ma den de lam nen, giup lam noi bat hinh ea khi chup hinh; dat ca nim ngay ngin tren tdm simili sao cho dau ca quay ve phia tay trai, phia duoi bung ca dat thuoc do d6 eho thay kich thuoc that ciia ca. [6]
2.S. 1.2. Phuangphdp bdo qudn cd
Ngay sau khi chup hinh xong timg ca the, phai cho ea vao thiing ngam chua formalin 10%, thiing phai co kich thuoc phii hgp de ca khong bi cong; ea phai ngam ngap trong dung dich formalin de khong bi kho hoac thoi hong. [5], [6]
2.3.1.4. Phucmg phdp ghi nhdt ki
Ghi chep cac so lieu ve su phan bo kieu thue bi, ve do cao dia hinh, khi hau, ve dae diem thuy van (dp sau, mau nuoc, thuc vat va dpng vat thuy sinh...), hoat dong khai thac va eac phuong tien danh bat ca cua ngu dan. dac diem nhan van vung nghien cuu.
[6]
2.3.2. Trong phdng thi nghiem
Phan tich dac diim hinh thai theo hudng dan eua Pravdin I. F. (1967). Djnh loai cac loai ca dua vao cac tai lieu chii yeu eua Mai Dinh Yen va cdng su (1992) [7], Nguyin Van Hao va cdng sy (2001, 2005a, 2005b) [2], [3], Nguyin Khie Hudng va CS (1991 - 2001), Nguyin Van Luc va CS (2007) [4], Dd Thi Nhu Nhung (2007), Nguyin Hiiu Phung (2001). Nguyin Nhat Thi (1991 - 2000), Seishi Kimura and Keiichi Matsuura (2003 - 2009)...
Tra euii, doi chiiu, tu chinh tung ten loai, ten ddng vat (synonym), cac taxon trong cac tai lieu (giay va sd) trong nude va tren thi gidi vdi he thdng phan loai ca cua Eschmeyer W. N. & Fong J. D. (2014) [9], chuin ten loai theo Froese R. & Pauly D.
(2014) [10] va sip xip cae loai vao trat ty cua he thdng.
Sau khi djnh loai cho ca vao Ig ed kich thude phu hgp, dau ca quay xudng dudi day Ig, dd dung dich formalin 5% vao ngap ea day kin nip di ea khdng bi hdng trong qua trinh luu trd va ben ngoai ig dan nhan ea di trung bay. [5], [6]
Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM sS 61 ndm 2014
2.3.3. Phircmg phdp ddnh gid dp thudng gap
Danh gia do thudng gap theo quy ude eua Nguyin Him Due va Tong Xuan Tam (2008) d bang 2.1: bang each tinh tdng so ca thi mdi loai thu dugc chia cho tdng sd ngu cu danh bit va chia eho ting sd lin danh bit trong mdt ngjy; tiiy theo kich thude ciia ea ldn hay be ma xip chung vao 3 nhdm khac nhau dl quy ra muc do thudng gap. [6]
Bdng 2.1. Thang ddnh gid dp thudng gqp d cd
* Dem vi tinh: Zed the / Xngu cut Zldn ddnh bit MtfCDQ
Khdng gap Rath It Nhieu Rat nhieu
KI HIEU
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NHOMl (Lo<10cm)
3 - 5
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6 - 9 10-30
>30
NH6M2 10 < Lo < 20 cm)
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>10
NHOM 3 (Lo > 20 cm)
0-1
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2 - 3 4 - 5
>5 Chii thich: Lo: Chiiu dai chiidn cua cd (trir vay dudi)
3. Ket qua va ban luan
3.1. Thdnh phdn lodi ed d luu vifc sSng Cdi Ldn, Iinh Kien Giang
Qua thu thap, phan tich, dinh loai, tdng hgp va ddi chieu, cho thiy danh sach ca d
• sdng Cai Ldn, tinh Kien Giang eho den thdi diem nay ghi nhan duge gdm 117 loM, thude 91 gidng, 50 hg, 16 bg (theo he thdng cua Eschmeyer W. N. & Fong J. D., 2014) [9]. Ket qua thu dugc danh sach eac loai ca KVNC mdi nhit, cd gia trj eao vi mat khoa hge (xem bang 3.1).
Bdng 3.1. Danh sdch cdc Ipdi cd d km vuc sdng Cdi Ldn, tinh Kien Giang
STT
(1) I 1 01 [T 2
02
TEN P H 6 T H O N G
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LCfP CA VAY TIA BO CA T H A T LAT HO CA T H A T LAT Ca That I4t BO CA C H l N H HO CA LICH B I J N Pllan liQ ca Lich bien Ca Ljch cliam
T 6 N K H O A H O C
(3)
A C T I N O P T E R Y G I l O S T E O G L O S S I F O R M E S N O T O P T E R I D A E
Noloplents nolopterm (Pallas, 1769) A N G U I L L I F O R M E S MURAENIDAE M u r a e n i n a e
Gymnothorax reevesii (Richardson, 1845)
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3 d 3 (7)
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Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Cao Hodi Dice vd tgk
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6 10 V 7 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 H
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HO CA DUA Ca Dira BQ CA T R I C H HO CA T R I C H Phiin ho ca Com sonf Ca Com son?
Ca Com trich Phan ho ca Moi Ca Trich xuona HO CA TRONG Phan ho cS L^nh canh
Ca Me g^tran^
Ca L?p vang Ca L?p trang BO CA MANG SUA HO CA M A N C S U A Ca Mang siia BO CA C H E P H p C A C H E P Phan hp c i Mirong Ca Lfinh canh xiem P h S n h Q c S C h e p Ca Me vinh PhSn hQ ca Bdng Ca Ngtra cham CaDam Ca Do mang Cd C6c dam Ca C6c khong rau Ca Ba ki Phan hp ca Trdi Ca Et mpi CA Linh ong Ca Duong
Phan h(f ca Ldng tone
Ca Long tong dai (got) Ca L6ng tong sat Ca L6ng tons da Ca Danh sia Ca Danh nam bo H(} C\ C H A C H Phan ho ci Chach cat Ca Heo vach Ca Heo bac Ca Heo gai
p n CA H O N G
MURAENESOCIDAE Miiraeiieso.x cinerem (Forsskai. 1775) C L U P E I F O R M E S
CLUPEIDAE Pellonulinae
Co/7a/5o6(w«(7 Hamilton. 1822 Chipeokies bormensi'i {Bkeker, 1851) Dorosomatinae
Sardinella gibbosci (Bleeker. 1849) ENGRAULIDAE
Coiliinae
Coilia rehenlischii (Bleeker, 1858) Selip'mna taty (Valenciennes, 1848) S breviceps (Cantor, 1849) G O N O R H V N C H I F O R M E S C H A N I D A E
Chanos chanos {Forsskhl 1775) T C Y P R I N I F O R M E S
CYPRINIDAE Cultrinae
Parachela siamensis (Gunther, 1868) C v p n n i n a e
Barbodes gonionotus (Bleeker, 1850) Barbinae
Hampala dispar (Smith, 1934) Pimliiis brevis (,B]eeker, 1850) Systomiis orphoides (Valenciennes, 1842) Cyclocheilichlhys apogon (Valenciennes, 1842)
C/a,?/eW(Sontirat, 1989) C repajjon ( Bleeker. 1859) Labeoninae
Labeo chrysophekadlon (Bleeker, 1850) Henicorhynchus siamensis (Sauvage, 1881)
Cirrhimis microlepis (Sauva^s, 1878) T Danioninae
Esomus iongimanus (Lunel, 1881) E. metalliciis (AM, 1923) Rasbora arjiyrotaenia (Bleeker, 1849) Scaphognalhops stejnegeri (Smith. 1931) Puntiopliles proctonslron (Bleeker, 1865)
C O B I T I D A E Botiinae
Yasiihtkotakia modesla (Bleeker, 1864) K /eco«re/(Fowler. 1937)
Lepidocephalichihys hasselli (Valenciennes, 1846)
C H A R A C I F O R M E S
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Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM SS 61 ndm 2014
9 30 VII 10 31 32 33 34 35 36 11 37 12 38 39 13 40 41 14 42 IS
43 V l l l 16
44 IX 17
45 X 18 46 19 47 48 49 50 XI 20
N H U N G .
HO CA HONG NHUNG
Ca Chim trang nirac ngot
BO CA N H E O H Q C A L A N G Ca Chot vano Ca Chot trang CaChot soc atn Ca Chot soc munti Ca Chot soc mitti CaChot giav H O C A NHEO Ca Tren in(S HQ CA TRE Ca Tre trang Ca Tre vang HO CA UC Phan ho ca lie Ca Uc cham Ca V6 cho H O CA NGAT Ca Ngat nam HQ CA LAU KINH Phan ho ca Lau kinh Ca Lau kinh BO CA DEN LONG HO CA M O I Ph3n hp c^ Moi Ca Moi dai BO CA C O C HO CA C O C Phan ho c^ Ham ech Ca Mat qtiy BO CA NHAI H O CA NHAI Ca Nhai viiy it H O C A LIM K I M Ca Kint song Ca Kim giita Ca Lim kim song Ca Lim kim B O C A N G L T A XUONG
H O CA NGUA
SERRASALMIDAE
Colossoma bracliypoimim (Cuvier. ISIS) S I L U R I F O R M E S
BAGRIDAE
Mvsm wolffii (Bleeker, 1851) M kdelim (Valenciennes. 1 840) M atnfiiscinlm (Fowler, 1937) M fiiiiltiradicirm (Rohi:n, 1992) A/ nnsncellis (Roberts. 1992) M. sm^cinn^an (Bleeker. 1846) SILURIDAE
Mfcroneinci moorei {Sm\t\\, 1945) CLARHDAE
Clartas balrachiis (Linnaeus, 1758) C macrocephalu!, (Gunther. 1864) ARIIDAE
Ariinae
Anus maculatus (Thunberg, 1792) Hexaiiematictithys sugar (Hamilton, 1822)
PLOTOSIDAE
Plotosiis cauiits (Hamilton. 1822) LORICARIIDAE
Hypostominae
Plerygoplichltiys disjunclivtis (Weber, 1991)
A U L O P I F O R M E S SYNODONTIDAE Harpadontinae
Saunda elongala (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
B A T R A C H O I D I F O R M E S BATRACHOIDIDAE Halophrvninae
Alleubatrachiis gnmniem (Linnaeus, 1758)
B E L O N I F O R M E S BELONIDAE
Xenentodon cancila (Hamilton, 1822) H E M I R A M P H I D A E
Hyporhamphus unifasdalus (Ranzani, 1842)
//. mlermndius (Cantor. 1842) Zenarchopterus eclunlio (Hamilton,
1822)
Z. clarm tUohr, 1926) S Y N G N A T H I F O R M E S SYNGNATHIDAE
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Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Cao Hodi Birc vd tgk
51 XII
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22 54 55 56 1(111
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XUONG Phan ho ca Ngua xirong Ca Mgua \ u a n o B O C A MANG LIEN PHAN BO MANG LIEN
HQ LUON Luon Ca Lich dong PHAN BO C H A C H SONG
HO CA CHACH S6NG
Ca Chach la tre Ca Chach ran Ca Chach B O C A M t J L A N PH.4N BO CA CHAI H Q C A C H A I Ca Chai an do Ca Chai gai ben B O C A V U O C PHAN BO CA VUOC
HO CA SON Ca Son xucmg Ca San bSu Ca Scm gian H O C A M i l Phan ho ca Mu Ca Mu me H O C A SON BIEN Phan ho Son bien Ca Son hai Hai H O C A D U C Ca Due bac H O C A L I E T Ca Liet mom ngdn Ca Liet xanh HO CA H U O N G Ca Huang ven H O C A M O M Ca Mom sai ngan HO CA SAO Phan ho ca S a o Ca Sao cham HO CA OU Ca Dti bac Ca Duong Ca U6p be lang
S\n2nathinae
Df>r\ idnins hoaiu (Bleeker. 1850) SYNBRANCHIFORMES SYNBRANCHOIDEI SYNBRANCHIDAE Monoplerus aibm (Zuieu, 1793) Oph^slernon bengcdeme (McClelland.
1844)
M A S T A C E M B E L O I D E I MASTACEMBELIDAE
Macrognathus siamensis (Gunther. 1861) M. taeniagasler (Fo\v\er. 1935) Maslacembelus sp.
S C O R P A E N I F O R M E S P L A T Y C E P H A L O I D E I P L A T Y C E P H A L I D A E Plabicepfialus mdiciis (Linnaeus. 1758) Grammoptiles scaber (Linnaeus. 1758) P E R C I F O R M E S
P E R C O I D E I AMBASSIDAE
Ambassis gymnocephcilus (Lacepede, 1802)
Parambiissis wolffii (Bleeker, 1851) P. raiiga (Hamilton, 1822) SERRANIDAE Epinephelinae
Epiuephelns coioides (Hamilton, 1822) A P O G O N I D A E
A p o g o n i n a e
Apogon poecdoplenis Cuvier, 1828 SILLAGINIDAE
Sdlago siliama (Forsskai, 1775) L E I O G N A T H I D A E
Leiogncilhiis bindiis Valenciennes, 1835 i splendem (Cuvier. 1829) D A T N I O I D I D A E
Datnioides polota (Hamilton, 1822)T G E R R E I D A E
Gerres tucidus (Cuvier. 1830 ) HAEMULIDAE H a e m u l i n a e
Pomadasys maculatus (Bloch, 1793) SCIAENIDAE
Argyrosomiis argenlatus (Hout, 1782) Otolithoides biaurihis (Cantor, 1849) • Jobnius betangerit (Cuvier, 1830)
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LM LM M L
Tap chi KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM Sd 61 ndm 2014
Ti 74 75 33 76 77 34 78 79 35 80 81 36 87 83 37 84 38 85
39 86 87 88 89 40
90 91 92
93 94
95 96 97 98 41
Ca Dii nanh CaSiru C a S u H O C A NHU Ca Chet Ca Phen vang H O C A MANG RO Ca Mang ro Phan ho c i Ro bien Ca Ro bien PHAN BO CA DOI H O C A O O l Ca Doi muc Ca Doi dat H O C A R O P H l Ca Ro phi den Ca Ro phi van HO CA BANG CHAI Phan ho Ca Hang ch^i HO CA BAN LIA Ca Dan lia dau mQi ten PHAN BO CA BONG
HO CA BONG DEN Ca Bong cau Ca Bong tuong Ci Bong dtra xiem Ca Bong dtra HO CA BONG TRANG
PhSn ho c i B6ng da Ca Bong mit Phan ho c i Bong keo C i Bong x | Ca Bong keo lanxe PhSn h o c i Bdng dai Ci Rl cau dai - Ca Den cay
Ca Bong rl cau vien den
Phan hp ca Bong tring
Ca Bong cham than Ca Bong Iron Ca Bong cat toi Ca Bong gia-net H O C A TAI TUONG
.\'ibea alb/flora (Richardson. 1846)
;Vso/</m/o (Lacepede. 1802) Boesfmania inicrolcpis (Bleeker. !858) POLYNEMIDAE
Eleultjeronema lelradactiliim (Shav\, 1804)
Polvneiiiiis paradist'ii\ (Linnaeus. 1758) TOXOTIDAE
Ta.\olfs cliiilareus (Hamilton. 1822) T Pristolepidinae
Pristotepis faschila (Bleeker. 1851) MUGILOIDEI
MUGILIDAE
Mugd cephaliis (Linnaeus. 1758) Liza dusiiiruitrn (Valenciennes. 1836) CICHLIDAE
• Oreochromis mossambiciis (Pet, 1852) 0- ndolicus (L'tnnaeus. 1758) LABRIDAE
Corinae
Halichoeres nigrescens (Bloch &
Schneider, 1801) C A L L I O N Y M I D A E Callionymussagiira Pallas. 1770 GOBIOIDEI
ELEOTRIDAE Bulls bulls (Hamilton. 1822) Oxyeteolris marmoraltis (Bleeker. 1852) O. 5/omeni(5 (Gunther, 1861) 0. uropbthalmus (Bleeker, 1851) GOBIIDAE
Gobionellinae
Stigmalogobius sadanundio (Ham., 1822) Oxudercinae
Parapocryples serperasler (Richardson, 1846)
Pseudapocryples ehn^atiis (Cuvier. 1816) Amblyopinae
Trypaucfien vagina (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Taenioides nigrimarginalus Hora, 1924
Gobiinae
Acenlrogobius viridipunclatus (Vai., 1837)
A cvflMomo5 (Bleeker. 1849) G ;g/wm (Hamilton, 1822) Autopareia ianetaedmixti. 1945) EPHIPPIDAE
+ ++++
T
*-**
++
+ +
+ + + + +
-(-
-f
+ + + ++
+
+ +
++
++
**
+ + +
X X
X X
X
X
X
X X
X X X X
X
X X
X
X
X
X X
X
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XX
\
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X X X X
X
X X
X
X
X X . X
X
X X
X
X
X
X X
X X X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
.\
XX
\
X
X
X X
X X
X
X
X X X X
X
X X
X
X
X X X X
M NLM M
NLM NLM N NL
LM M N N
M M
NL, N . N N
N
N L
NL
NL NL L NL
Tap chi KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM Cao Hoai Diic vd tgk
' 99 . 42 100
. 43 101
44 102 103
4S 104 46 105 106 107 108 47 109 110 111 112 XV 48 113 114 49
115
vn
50 116 117
BIEN Ca Chia voi H O C A NAU CaNau
PHAN BO CA NHONG
H O C A NHONG Ca Nhong vin PHAN BO CA BAC MA
H O C A THU NGU Phan hQ C i Bac ma C i Thu vach PHAN BO CA R O BONG
HO CA RO B O N G C i Ro dong H O CA SAC Ca Ba trau Ca Sac ran C i S i c buom C i Sic d i | p PHAN B O CA OUA HO CA OUA C i Loc dong Ca Trau day Ca Chanh due C i Loc den BO CA BON PHAN BO CA BOIM Vl H O CA BON C i Bon soc dfing phuong
Ca Btm dii H O CA BON C A T Phan hp c i Bon c i t C i Bon diem BO CA N O C PHAN B O C A N O C H O CA N O C C i Noc kho me Ca N6c gan
Proleracanlhiis sarissophorus (Cantor.
1849)
SCATOPHAGIDAE
Scalapbaous argils (Linnaeus. 1766) SPHYRAENOIDEI
SPHYRAENIDAE Sphvraenaiello Cuviei. 1829 S C O M B R O I D E I S C O M B R I D A E Scombrinae
Raslrettiger kanagurla (Cuvier. 1816) Scomberomoius commerson (Laceepede, 1800)
ANABANTOIDEI ANABANTIDAE
Anabas lesludmeus (Bloch, 1792) BELONTIIDAE
Tncfiopsis villains (Cuvier, 183 1) Trichopodiis pecloralis (Regan, 1910) T. irictioptenis (PaWas, 1770) Tricliogaster microlepis (GUnther, 1861) C H A N N O I D E I
CHANNIDAE
Channa striata (B\och, 1793) C /iic/us (Cuvier. 1831) C. gachiia (Hamilton, 1822) C. me/rtioma (Bleeker, 1851) P L E U R O N E C T I F O R M E S P L E U R O N E C T O I D E I SOLEIDAE
Brachinis orientatis (Bloch & Sch.. 1801) B. elongatiis (Pellegrin & Chevey, 1940) C Y N O G L O S S I D A E
Cynoglossinae
Cynogtossiis puncticeps (Richardson, 1846)
T E T R A O D O N T I F O R M E S T E T R A O D O N T O I D E I T E T R A O D O N T I D A E
Telraodon cambodgiensis (Chabanaud, 1923)
Lagocephaltis sceteraliis (Gmelin, 1789)
•6NG
--
++
+
+-r+
++
+++
+ + ++
-f
++
++
+ ++
+ +
+
+ +
X
X
X
X
X
X X X X
X X X
X X
X
X
97 X
X
X X
X
X X X X
X X X
X X
X
X 103
X
X X X X
X X
68 X
X
X
X X
X
X X X X
X X X X
X X
X
X
111 LM
NLM
M
M LM
NL N N N N
N N N
M LM
M
M M 74
"Chiithich: T Lodi trong Sdch Dd Viet Nam (2007) ngpt (0 %o): L: nude la (8-10 %<,): M: nude man
N: nude an (> 30 a
Tap chi KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM SS 61 ndm 2014
3.2. Ba dang thdnh phdn lodt ed a liru vue sdng Cdi Ldn, linh Kien Giang
* vi bac bp: trong KVNC da tim dugc 16 bo va ti le cac bp nhu sau: bo ca Vuoc (Perciformes) co nhiSu ho nhat viji 24 ho. chiem 48.00%; tiep den la bo ca Nheo (Silurifonnes) voi 6 ho. chiem 12.00%; bo ca Chinh (Anguilliformes), bo ca Trich (Clupeiformes), bo ca Chep (Cypriniformes), bo ca Nhai (Beloniformes), bo ca Mang lijn (Synbranchiformes). bo ca Bon (Pleuronectiformes) moi bp co 2 ho chiem 4.00%;
con lai 8 bo khac moi bo c6 1 ho, ihu chiem 2,00%.
* vi bae hp: KVNC co 50 ho. Hg ca Chep (Cyprinidae) co s6 gi6ng va s6 loai phong phii nhat voi 13 gi6ng (14.28%) va 16 loai (20,45%o); tiep den la ho ca B6ng trSng (Gobiidae) co 8 gidng (8,79%) va 9 loai (7,69%); ho ca Du (Sciaenidae) co 5 gi6ng (5.49%); cac hg con lai co tir 1 - 3 gi6ng. chiem tir 1,09% - 3,39%o va c(3 tir 1 - 4 loai, chiem tCi 0,85% - 3,41%.
* vi bac loai trong bp: Trong 117 loai thuoc cac bg khac nhau thi co den 54 loai, chiem 46,15%! thuoc bg ca Vugc (Perciformes); 19 loai, chiSm 16,23% thuoc bg ca Chep (Cypriniformes) va xep thii hai; 13 loai, chiSm 11,11% thuoc bg ca Nheo (Siluriformes) va xep thii ba. Bg ca Vugc (Perciformes) co s6 loai nhieu nhat vi chiing thich nghi dugc nhieu loai moi truong khac nhau o KVNC nhu nuoc nggt, nuoc Ig, nuoc man va it cac vi tri nhu song, kenh, rach, ao, ho, dong rugng.
3.3. Tinh hinh cdc lodi cd trong Sdeh Bd Viet Nam d luu vifc sdng Cdi Ldn Trong KVNC co 5 loai ca thuoc 5 giong, 5 ho va 3 bg co trong Sach Do Viet Nam (2007) [1], chiSm 4,27% tong so cac loai ca 6 lim vuc song Cai Lon (xem bang 3.2).
Bdng 3.2. Cdc lodi cd trong Sdch Dd Viet Nam (2007) d KVNC TT
1 2 3 4 5
Ten pho thong Ca Mang sua Ca Duong Ca Huang ven Ca Mang ro Ca Duong
T€n khoa hoc Chanos chanos ( Forsskai, 1775) Cirrhimis microlepis (Sauvage, 1878) Datnioides polota (Hamilton, 1822)
Toxoles chatareus (Hamilton, 1822) Otolithoides biauritus (Cantor, 1849)
Phan haing VU A2, d VUAlc,dBl+2c,d,e VUAla,c,d V U A l a , c , d . VU Alc,d Chu thich: VU - Se nguy cdp - Vulnerable
3.4. Bien dpng ve sS luang cd the d luu vue song Cdi L&n, tinh Kien Giang Ap dung each danh gia do thudng gap theo de xuat ciia Nguyin Hiiu Due va Tdng Xuan Tam (2008) [6] cho thiy khu he ca a KVNC co 5 miic do thucmg gap la;
~rk nhiiu" co 5 loai (chiem 4,27%i), "nhieu" co 10 loai (chiem 8,54%), "it" co 44 loai- (chilm 37,60%), "rit it" co 58 loai (chiem 49,59%) (xem bang 3.1, bang 3.3).
Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Cao Hodi Di'vc vd tgk
Bdng 3.3. Do thirang gap ciia cdc lodi cd a luu vuc song Cdi Lan Mt/CDO
Khong gap Rat it It Nhieu Rat nhieu
KI HIEU +
-
-f+
+++
++++
TONG SO
SO LirONG LOAI 0 58 44 10 5 117
Ti LE(%) 0 49,59 37.60 8.54 4.27 100 Theo ket qua nghien cuu cho th^y, a luu vuc song Cai Lan co 87.19% s6 loai ca a dp thuang gap it. rat it va khong gap; chi co 12,81% so loai co dp thuang gap rdt nhieu va nhieu (xem bang 3.1). Day la di^u dang lo ngai d6i vai su phat tri^n hhn vung cua khu he ca khi ma so luang ca the moi loai 6 ngoai tu nhien qua it. kho dam bao cho loai ton tai, sinh truang va phat trien mot each binh thuong.
3.5. Bac diem phdn bo cd ff song Cdi L&n, tinh Kien Giang 3.5.1. Phdn bo theo miia
Ket qua nghien cuu cho thay, dai da so cac loai ca 6 km vuc song Cai Lon, tinh Kien Giang deu phan bo quanh nam 6f hai mua mua va mua kho. Mua mua bat gap 97 loai (chi^m 82,90%), mua kho co 103 loai (chiem 88,03%). Nhu vay, ygu t6 mua khong anh huong nhieu den su phan bo cac loai ca nhtrng co anh huong ldn den so lupng ca the. So lugng ca the cua da so cac loai ca thuang xuat hien nhieu vao mua mua vi khi mua mua thi lucmg nuac man duac day ra xuong ha luu. Luc nay cac loai ca nho nuoc ngot song thanh dan bat dau chiem uu the ve so luang cathe (xem bang 3.1).
3.5.2. Phdn bo cd theo loai hinh thuy vuc
* Thuy vuc nuac dimg
Bao gom cac loai ca song trong rupng, ao, ho. Nai day co so loai ca tucmg doi it sinh s6ng, chi co 68 loai, chidm 58,11% tong so loai a KVNC. Day la nhiing loai song tai moi truong co nong dp oxi hoa tan thap, nguon thuc an it; moi truang nuoc co dp due cao, lugng miin ba hthi co nhi^u, thieu anh sang, ham lugng oxi hoa lan thap nen s6 loai kem phong phu (xem bang 3.1).
* Thuy vuc nuac chay
Bao gom cac loai ca song 6 phu luu (kenh, rach, song) va song chinh (thugng luu, trung luu, ha luu). Day la nai co s6 loai phong phii voi 111 loai, chiem 94,87% tong so loai 6 KVNC. 6 thuy vuc nuoc chay thi c6 nhieu loai hinh thiiy vuc khac nhau ve tinh chit, vi vav co su khac nhau ve so lugng va thanh phan cac loai ca. Chinh su da dang ve thiiy vuc da tao nen su da dang ve thanh phan loai ca a thiiy virc nuac chay han so vol thiiy \uc nuoc diing (xem bang 3.1).
3.5.3. Phdn bd cd theo do man cua nude
Hdu het cac loai ca phan bo a nuac ngpt, nuac Ig va nuoc man vao ca 2 mua mua va kho (xem bang 3.4).
Tap chi KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM SS 61 ndm 2014
Bdng 3.4. Sd lodi phdn bd trong cdc nhdm sinh thdi NHOM SINH THAI
Nuoc nggt Nuac lo Nuac man
SO LOAI 75 58 35
Ti LE (%) 64,10 49,57 29,91
Luu vuc song Cai Lan co so loai ca song a vting sinh thai nuac ngot chiem nhieu nhat, tiep den cac loai ca song vung sinh thai nuac Ig va cuoi ciing la ca song vung sinh thai nuoc man. Tu thang 7 den thang 11 nam sau la Iiic song Cai Lon co lugng nuoc nggt, dinh diem la vao thang 9 va thang 10. Lite nay lu keo ve tao ra nguon song phong phii cho cac loai ca nuoc nggt. Do do, cac loai ca thich nghi vol moi truong nuoc ngot de dang chiem uu the han ca.
4. Ket luan va kien nghi 4.1. Ket ludn
+ Buac dau thu dugc 6 Iim vuc song cai Ion vol 117 loai, xep trong 91 gi6ng, 50 hg, 16 bg. Trong do co 5 loai ca ghi trong Sach Do Viet Nam (2007).
+ Hau het cac loai ca 6 lim vuc song Cai Lon phan bo quanh nSm theo raiia mua va miia kho. Tuy nhien, so lugng ca the cua da s6 cac loai ca thucmg xuit hi?n nhieu vao miia mua.
+ Su phan bfl ca 6 thiy vuc nucic chay nhieu hon so voi thiiy v\tc nuoc dung va so lugng ca s6ng trong moi trucmg sinh thai nuac nggt nhiSu han ca s6ng trong viing sinh thai nutjcTg va nuofc man.
+ Xay dung dugc 117 bg mlu ca trung bay 6 Phong Thi nghiem Dong v^t, Khoa Sinh hgc, Truang Dai hgc Su pham TPHCM phuc vu cho cong tac giang djy, nghien ciiu va ca stir dii lieu chi tiet de dinh loai mgt s6 loai.
4.2. Kien nghi
+ Tiep tuc nghien curu thanh phin loai ca it luu vy:c song Cai Lon trong thoi gian ttji de bo sung va hoan thien han ve thanh phin loai ca cr KVNC nay.
+ De nghi cac cap chinh quyen co bien phap ngan chan tinh trang khai thac ca qua miic va can co nhimg bien phap tich cue bao ve cac loai ca a luu vuc song Cai Lon dugc ghi trong Sach Do Viet Nam (2007) va nhung loai ca bj giam silt din mite dang bao dgng de tranh tinh trang cac loai ca nay khong con xuit hien ngoai tu nhien.
+ Nang cao y thiic bao ve moi truong va ngudn lgi thiiy san cho ngucri dan 6 day.
Can phai co nhiing hinh thiic xir phat nghiem khic d6i vai nhimg nguoi dan c6 y vi pham.
Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Cao Hodi Birc vd tgk
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Bg Khoa hgc \a Cong nghe. Vien Khoa hgc va Cong nghe Viet Nam (2007), Sdch Bd Viit Xam. Phan 1: Dgng vat. Nxb Khoa hgc Tu nhien va Cong nghe. Ha Noi, tr.
5-10. lr.21-27.tr. 277-372, 515 tr.
2. Ngujen Van Hao (chii bien). Ngo S\ Van (2001). Cd nude ngot Viit Nam. Ho ed Chip (Cyprinidae). Tap 1, Nxb Nong nghiep. Ha Noi. 622 tr.
3. Nguyin Van Hao (2005). Cd mrdc ngpt Viit Nam - Ba liin bp eiia idp cd Xuang (liin bp cd dang Mang ich. liin bp cd dang Sudt vd lien bp cd dang Virpc). Tap 111.
Nxb Nong nghiep. Ha Noi, 750tr.
4. Nguyen Van Liic. Le Thi Thu Thao. Nguyin Phi Uy Vu (2007). Bong veil chi Viet Nam. Cd bien: Bp cd Vupe - Perciformes (Carangidae. Muliidae. Chaetodontidae.
Labridae. Scombridue). Tap 19, Nxb Khoa hgc Tu nhien va Cong nghe. Ha Npi, 315 tr.
5. Pravdin I. F. (1961), Hirdng ddn nghien ciru cd (chii yiu cd nude ngpt). Pham Thj Minh Giang dich. Nxb Khoa hgc va KT thuat. Ha Noi (1973), 278 tr.
6. Tong Xuan Tam (2012). Nghien ciru thdnh phdn lodi. ddc diem phdn bd vd tinh hinh nguon lai cd d luu vuc sdng Sdi Gon. Luan an tien sT khoa hgc Sinh hgc, Truang Dai hgc Su pham Ha Noi, 156 tr., phu luc 69 tr.
7. Mai Dinh Yen (chii bien), Nguyin Van Trgng, Nguyen Van Thien, Le Hoang Yin.
Hira B^ch Loan (1992), Binh loai cdc lodi cd mrdc ngpt Nam Bp. Nxb Khoa hgc &
KTthuat, HaNgi, 351tr.
8. Bg Tai nguyen va Moi trucmg (2014), Vi tri dia li vd diin kien tu nhiin ciia linh Kiin Giang. http:/A\".vw.vietrade.gpv.vn/vung-kinh-te-trong-diem-dbscl.Q438-vi-tri-dia-ly- va'dien-kien-tii-nhien-cua-tinh-kien-giang. Truy cap liic 14h20, thir 3, ngay 01/7/2014.
9. Eschmeyer W. N. & Fong J. D. (2014), Species by Family/ Subfamily in the Catalog
of Fi.ihes (4.2014), http://researcharchive.ealaeademy org/research'Ichthyology/catalog/SpeciesByFami
lyasp, California Academy of Sciences Research, Truy cap luc 21h00, ngay 03/4/2014.
10. Froese R. and Pauly D. (2014). Fish Base. World Wide Web Electronic Publication (Version 4/2014). http://wmi:fishbase.org, Truy cap Wc 21h00, ngay 9/4/2014.
(Ngiy Tda soan nhin dirpc bit: 07-7-2014: ngiy phan bien dinh gia: 31-7-2014;
ngiy chip nhin ding: 20-8-2014)