KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
LnVG DIJIXIG IVid Hll\IH EFA TROIXIG PHAIXI TiCH YEU TO AIXIH HLTOIXIG DEIXI HAIXIH VI SAIXI XUAT LUA HUU CO CUA IXIOIXIG DAIXI: TRUOIXIG HOP TAI TIIXIH QUAIXIG TR!
V A THUA THIEIXI - HUE
Nguygn Ti^n DQngS U Tlii Hoa SenS Le Van NamS U Vi^t linhK Phan Thi Thanh Nhan', Ng6 Thi Thuy Trang', L6 Thi Tliiiy', Um Trong Nghia'
T6MTAT
Nghidn cicu nay v ^ dyng ly thuyet Hanh vi hoach dinh CTheory of Planned Behaviour-TPB) va img dung mo hinh phan tich nhan to kham pha (Exploratory Factor Analysis - E F ^ de nghien cmi cac y^u to anh hirong d^n hanh vi san xuat Ida hmi co cQa nong dan. Khao sat duac tien hanh tren 165 nong ho san xuat lua hiiu ca tai hai tinh Quang Tri va Thira Thien - Hue Ket qua nghidn cuu da xac dinh dugc 6 yeu to anh huong den hanh vi san xuat liia hiiu co ciia nong dan xtp theo miic quan trpng tii cao d^n thap, bao gom:
(1) Chinh sach h5 trp' san xuat (p = 0,353), (2) Tinh hiru dung cua hanh vi san xuat hiiii ca (P = 0,268), (3) Ki^m soat quy trinh san xuat va tieu thu Iiia hiiu co (p = 0,212), (4) Nhan thiic v^ liia huu ca (p = 0,165), (5) Ap Iuc tic gia dinh va nhom nong dan (p = 0,164) va (6) Rin ro ciia canh tac thutmg (p = 0,152). Bang vi^c thiic diy hanh vi san xuat hihi co cua nong dan, ket qua nghidn cuu goi mo mot sd giai phap d^ phat tri^n san xuat lua huu co nhu (1) Tang cuong cac chinh sach h6 tro san xuat; (2) Truyen thong va thanh lap nhom nong dan thich san xuat huu co; (3) Thuc hi^n hgp dong nong san dl khep kin quy trinh san xuat va tifiu thy.
Tii kh6a.' Hanh vi san xuat, lua huu ca, nhan td, nong dSn.
1 . OAT VAN BE
Theo dinh nghia ciia Lien hi6p quoc, n6ng nghiep hihi co" la he thdng trong trpt va chan nuoi tu nhifen, khong su dung hoa chat lam phan bon va thuoc trir sau, giiip giam thi^u 6 nhilm, bao dam siic khoe cho ngiroi va vat nuoi [13]. San xuat hiJu cola mpt xu huong toan cau dupc khuyen khich nham mang d^n mot k^t qua tich cue trong viec sir dung ben viing dat n6ng nghidp tir do thay doi chinh sach str diing dat [14]. Truoc day, phan bon hoa hpc va thudc trCf sau duoc su diing rpng rai trong san xuat nong nghiep ca quy mo trang trai tien tien cung nhu san xuat nong ho nho. Theo bao cao cua mang lum hinh dong thudc trir sau (PAN, 2009) viec sir dung cac hoa chat nong nghiep da chuyen doi thanh su rich tu cua hon 2 trieu tan chat doc hoa hoc m6i nam trong he smh thai, cung nhu anh huong khong nho dg'n siic khoe moi tnrcmg va con nguoi [8]. Bihi nay d6i hoi cac chinh sach sir dung dat giam sir dung phan bon hoa hpc va thudc trir sau het siic cap thidt trong do huong den cac hanh vi san xuat hiru co cua nOng dan voi ky vpng se co nhimg hoat dpng than
' Truang Dai hgc Nong Lam. Dai hoc Hue
thien voi moi trtrong, bao ve duwc he sinh thai voi da dang cac sinh vat sdng [12]. Hanh vi san xuat hiiu ca cua nong dan xuat phat tir chinh nhan thirc thai dp, cac npi Iuc ben trong kdt hpp ckc t^c dpng tir ben ngoai nhu dieu kien san xuat, thd che, chinh sach...
Phat hien cac ydu td anh huong ddn hanh vi san xuat hiiu ca cua nong dan la viec lam can thiet de thtic day cac hanh dpng san xuat hiru co lau dai, bdn vung.
Chinh vi vay, nghien cihi cac yeu td anh huong den hanh vi san xuat liia huu co ciia nong hp quy mo nho b Quang Tri va Thira Tliien - Hue khong chi co y nghia thuc tidn tai khu vuc midn Trung ma con tao CO sa ly luan trong viec nghien ciiu hanh vi san xuat hiru CO cua nong dan trong bdi canh Viet Nam.
2 . PHUONG PHAP niGHieU CUU 2.1. Mo hinh nghifin cuu
Hanh vi con nguoi la toan bo nhiing phan irng, each cu xu, bieu hien ra ben ngoai cua mpt con ngiroi trong mpt hoan canh thoi gian nhat dinh. Do la nhiing hanh dpng quan sat diroc ciia ddi tuong thuc hien hanh vi va duoc quyet dinh boi y dinh hanh vi [1]. Hanh vi san xuat huu co cua nong dan bao ham cac hoat dong cua nong dan trong viec duy tri va cai tien quy trinh canh tac theo tifiu chuan hiiu ca nhSm NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 8/2020 117
KHOA HOC C6NO NGHE dam bao sue khoe cho nguoi san xuat, nguoi tifiu
dimg va moi tnrdng [9]. Trong nghien cuu nay can cir lua chpn yeu td anh hirong den hanh vi san xu^t hiiu ca dua vao Thuyet hanh dpng hgp ly CTheory of Reasoned Aciton - TRA) dugc Ajzen va Fishbein xay dung tir nam 1975 cung nhu ke thiia cac nghifin cuu li6n quan. Thuyet hanh dpng hpp ly duac xem la hpc thuydt tien phong trong linh vuc nghifin ciiu tam ly xa h6i eho thay hanh vi dupc quyet dinh boi y dinh thirc hifin hanh vi do va do hai yeu td anh hirdng ehinh la nhan thiic ciia ea nhan va ap Iuc xa h6i [ 1].
Nhu vay khung hanh vi san xu^t liia hiiu co eiia nong dan duoc de xuat se gdm co 6 yeu td anh hudng chinh bao gom (1) Nhan thiic ve liia huu ca, (2) Ap Iuc xa hpi, (3) Sir kiem soat hanh vi, (4) Tinh hiiu dung eua hanh vi, (5) Rui ro, (6) Chinh sach hd tra
(Hmh 1). Cac nhan td nay dupc cu the hoa bang cac bien quan sdt va dupc do luong qua thang do Likert 5 bac dua trfin nhan dinh eua ndng dan ve anh huong cua chung den su thay ddi hanh vi san xuat huu ca cua hg tir miie do thap nhat Hoan toin khdng ddngy (muc 1) ddn muc cao nhat Hoin toan ddngy (mirc 5) (Bangl).
I Nli^ihncvehU I
Hinh 1. Mo hinh phan tich hdnh vi sSn xu^t liia hiiu ca ciJia ndng dSn
Bang 1. Tiiang do ydu ^ t ^ dpng ddn hdnh vi san xuat lua hiiu eg cua nflng dan Nhan to
Nhan thiic v^
Ilia hiiu Cff (NT) Apltrcxa hai (AL)
Str kiem soat hanh vi
(KS) Tinh hiiu
dung (HD)
Ruiro (RR)
Chinh sach ha
Ky hieu NTl NT2 NTS NT4 NTS ALI AL2 AL3 AL4 AL5 KSl KS2 KS3 KS4 HDI HD2 HD3 HD4 HD5 RRl RR2 RR3 RR4 CSl CS2
Bien quan sat 1. Chiit luong san pham ttr liia hiiu ca tot cho sire khoe
2. Canh tac liia hiiu co tdt cho siic khoe nang dan va thanh vien gia dinh 3. San pham lua hiru ca tdt cho siic khde ngudi tieu dung
4. Canh tac lua hiiu ca rat tdt cho moi trudng
5. Canh tac liia hiiu ca se tang su thinh vuong ciia gia dinh 6. Hang xdm da chuyen sang canh tac lua hiiu ca
Cac thanh vien trong gia dinh mudn chuyen ddi sang canh tac liia hiiu ca Tmydn hinh, dai phat thanh, bao chi ddu hudng den tuyen truydn canh tac Ilia hiiu ca
Can ba dia phuang tuyen truyen thiic day san xuat lua hiiu ca
7. Hinh thanh nhdm nong dan canh tac liia hiiu ca se dd nhan duac cac uu dai.
Nang dan cd su tir tin de tu thuc hien theo quy trinh canh tac liia hiiu ca Nong dan co su tu tin de nhan duac chiing nhan liia hiru ca Nang dan cd su tu tin de tu kiem soat nang suat khi canh tac liia hiiu ca 8. Nang dan cd tai chinh dam bao de canh tac liia hiru co
San pham Ilia hiiu CO ban vai gia cao hon san pham liia thudng
May mdc, thidt bi de canh tac liia hiiu ca khong khac vai canh tac liia thuong Lao dang canh tac liia hiiu co khong khac vdi canh tac lua thuong Chl phi canh tac lua htru ca thap ban chi phi canh tac liia thudng 9. Canh tac liia him ca cd tac dong mdi tnrdng it han canh tac liia thuong Nguv ca tiep xiic voi chat ddc hda hoc neu tidp tuc canh tac lua thucmg Nguy co gia dinh bi nhidm ddc tii viec sii dung cac san pham lila thutmg Nguy ca ve nhu cau tieu thu liia thudng ngay cang giam
10. Nguy ca chi phi san xuat liia thudng se tang do diing nhieu hon phan, thudc hda hoc
Cac chinh sach hd tro trong viec phe duvet cac chung nhan liia hiiu co Cac chinh sach hd tra giiip cd duac kidn thiic va thong dnveliiahiiuca
Ngudn Ajen [1]
Deng va cs [41
Ajen HI Dang va cs
[31
Ajen [11
Aubertva cs[21 Sattlerva Nagel [111
(31 Lappleva Kelley [91 Dang vacs
[3]
KHOA HOC CdNG NGH£
tra (CS)
Htahvi san xuat (HV)
CSS CS4 CSS CS6 HVl HV2 HVS
Cac chinh sach ha tra vat tu nhu gidng, phan bdn hiiu co va cong cu lam dA Cac chinh sach cung cap cac khoan vay lai suat thap cho canh tac liia hiiu ca Cac chinh sach hd tra tim thi tnrdng mod cho canh tac liia hiiu co Cac chinh sach dam bao gia san pham tir canh tac liia hiiu ca Ap dung dting quy trinh canh tac liia hiiu co
Cai tidn quy trinh canh tac lua hiiu co qua timg vu Tham gia cac hoat dpng de thuc day canh tac liia hilu ca
Deng va cs [41 Lapple va Kelley [91 2.2. Chpn didm vk chgn mau nghifin cihi
Diem nghifin ciiu dugc lua chpn la eac viing san xuat Ilia trong diem dai difin o hai tinh Quang Tri va Thira Thifin - Hud. Ndng dan co hoat dgng san xuat Ilia lam chii dao va da chuyen ddi sang canh tac liia hiru CO tdi thieu da dirpc 3 vu. Can cu vap tieu chuan trfin, 2 xa Gio My, huyfin Gio linh va Vinh Thuy, huyen Vmh Linh ciia tinh Quang Tri va 2 xa Phong Hidn, huyen Phong Didn va Phii Luong, huyen Phii Vang cua tinh Thira Thien - Hue dugc lua chgn lam cae diem nghien cuu chinh.
Pham vi mku khao sat dam bao dap ung yeu cau tdi thidu de phan tich nhan td kham pha. Theo Hair va cs. (2006), kich thuoc mku dupc xac dinh dua vao muc tdi thidu (min = 50) va sd lugng bien. Ty lfi ciia sd mlu so voi 1 bidn phan tich la 5/1 hoac 10/1 [5, 8]. Tuc la mdi bien quan sat can tdi thieu 5 mku. Mo hinh nghien euu gdm co 32 bien quan sat (Bang 1).
Nhu vay, kich thuoc mSu dam bao la 32 x 5 = 160 mku, nghien cihi chpn 165 nong hp san xuat liia hiiu CO de dap ling co mku nghien euu.
2.3. Phirong phdp thu thap du lidu
Thu thap dii lieu thir cap duoc tidn hanh thong qua tong hpp cac nghifin cuu da xuat ban de hinh thanh eac khai niem va ehi tieu nghifin ciru. Cac bao cao kinh te xa hpi cac cap dugc thu thap nham bd sung cac thong tin eo ban vd dac didm hoat dpng san xuk huu CO tren dia ban Quang Tn va Thira Thien - Hud.
Thu thap du lifiu so cap thong qua khao sat bang bang hoi ban ciiu tnic vdi 165 nong hp san xuat lua hiiu CO dugc lira chpn tir phuong phap chgn mau ngau nhifin co dinh huong. Noi dung phidu khao sat dugc thidt kd gdm 2 phan. Phan I gdm cac thong tin ca ban hfin quan den cac dac diem nhan khau hpc, dac diem vd hoat dpng san xuat liia hiiu ca ciia hg.
Phan II tap trung vao 32 cau hoi ddng tuong img voi 32 bien quan sat vd cac ydu td anh huong ddn hanh vi
san xuat liia huu ea cua nong ho theo thang danh gia Likert 5 muc dp.
2.4. Phuong p h ^ phan tich dQ Udu
Dtr hfiu khao sat dugc ma hoa va xu ly blng phan mem xtr ly sd lieu SPSS 20.0. Qua trinh phan tich dir lifiu dupc thue hien bao gdm:
(i) Phan tich thdng ke mo ta diing dd torn tat eac tri sd do luang ve ty le phan tram (%), sd trung binh, dp lech chuan cua bidn.
(ii) Phan tich dp tin cay thang do de dam bao thang do va bidn do luong du do tin cay bang each loai bo cac bien cd hfi sd tuong quan bidn tdng nho han 0,3 va hfi sd Cronbach's Alpha nho hon 0,6 [5, 8]
(iii) Phan tich nhan td kham pha dd phat hien nhiing nhan td anh huong ddn hanh vi san xuat liia hiiu ca cua nong dan. Viec phan tich nhan td dupc thuc hien theo cac budc nhu sau;
Buoc 1; Dimg kiem dmh KMO va Bartlett de kiem tra mue do thich hap ciia cae bien voi dieu kifin (0,5 < KMO < 1) va sig Bartlett's test < 0,05).
Biroc 2: Xac dinh sd lugng nhan td chinh dua vao gia tn Eigen (Eigenvalue) va ap dung theo tieu c h u ^ cua Kaiser, chi nhan td nao co gia tri Eigen Ion ban 1 moi dugc giir lai [6].
Buoc 3: Dua vao bang ma tran nhan td sau khi xoay de xac dinh sd luang nhan td. Do mau nghifin cihi la 165 nen cae bien cd he sd tai nhan td >
0,5 sfi duoc giir lai trong timg nhan td.
(iv) Phan tich hdi quy tuydn tinh da bidn de xac dmh nhimg nhan td nao tac dong den bidn phu thupc (chifiu huong va muc do). Phuang trinh hdi quy co dang:
Y, = |5o + P,Xi, + P2X:„+... + p ^ , + e,[8I Trong dd: Y, la bien phu thuoc; Xp, la bieu hien gia tri cua bien dpc lap thu p tai quan sat thu I; p^
p,_...,Pp: Cae hfi sd hdi quyrieng phan; e,.Saisd ngau nhien(i=l 165).
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 8/2020
KHOA HOC C O H G M C H t
S.KETQUANGHBtlCUU
3.1. D$c di^m ndng hO san xu^t liia hiiu ca 3.1.1. Bac didm nhan khau ho san xuat lua hdu
Bd xem xet dac didm nhan khau hpc ciia nong ho san xuit huu co, cac dac diem ve tudi chii hd, gidi tinh chu ha, trinh da chu hd, so nhan khau, sd lao dang nong nghi6p, kinh nghiem ffdng liia, kinh nghiam trdng liia huu co da duoc phan tich, kdt qua thehiandbang2.
Bang 2. Dac didm nhan kfalu hoc ciia hd san xudt liia hiiu c Dac diem
Tudi chu ha Gidi tinh chii ho Trinh dd chii ha Sd nhan khau Lao dang nang nghiep Kinh nghiem trdng lua Sd nam trdng liia hiiu co
Donvi tinh Nam Nam(%)
Nu(%) Lap Ngudi Ngudi Nam Nam
Quang Tri Vinh Thuy
(n=45) 53,13±10,88
75,56 24,44 7,66±2,34 3,47+1,06 2,29±0,55 30,4+8,96 2,04±1,17
Gio My (n-40) 45,70+7,56
77,5 22,5 7,02+3,04 4,95+1,13 2,25+0,67 28,6+8,44 2,00+0,00
Thita Thien-Hud Phii Luong
(n=30) 48,2±6,67
76,7 23,3 7,29±1,86 4,71+1,32 2,74+1,04 33,8+8,60 3,80+1,10
Phong Hien (n-50) 51,30+9,90
80,00 20,00 7,22+3,36 4,20+1,75 2,12+0,85 31,58+9,07 3,02±1,15 Ket qua phan tich 6 bang 2 cho thay co su tuang
ddng vd ckc chl tifiu dac didm nhan khau hoe eua nong dan giua cae dia phuang dugc khao sat. Tudi tnmg binh ciia chii hg dao dpng tir 45 ddn 53 tuoi trong khi da phan chii hp la nam gidi. Trinh do chu hp a miic kha, binh quan chu hg ed trinh do tir lop 7 trd Ifin, tai Vinh Thuy trinh dp chii h6 cao nh^t, trung binh lop 7,66. Cac chi tieu ve sd lao dpng nong nghifip, kinh nghiem trdng liia, sd nam trdng liia hihi
CO b Phu Luang ddu cao hon ckc xa con lai nhimg khong CO chfinh Ifich Ion. Ly do la xa Phii Lirong cd truydn thdng san xuat lua tir lau doi, nong dan sd hihi nhidu d^t trdng lua v^ la mdt trong nhiing dia phuong thirc hifin san xuat liia hiiu ca dau tien b tinh Thtra Thien - Hud tir nam 2014.
3.1.2. Suphit trien hoat ddng sin xui't lua hdu cacua ndng ho Qua 3 nam tu 2016 ddn 2018
BSng 3. S u p h i t triln NSm
2016
2017
2018
Tieu chi Dien tich Nang suat San luang Dien tich Nang suat San luong Dien tich Nang suit San lupng
quy md sac Donvi
tinh Sao/vu Ta/sao Ta/vu Sao/vu Ta/sao Ta/vu Sao/vu Ta/sao Ta/vu
xuit Ilia hOu co cua n6ng hO trong 3 n i m tir 2016 ddn 2018 Quang Tri
Vinh Thiiy (n^5)
5,60+3,18 2,46+0,20 13,43±7,65 6,32±4,29 2,57+0,20 16.12+10,49
Gio My (n=40)
9,67±6,65 2,75±0,16 25,83+13,37 11,07+7,08 2,83+0,10 31,09+14,91
Thua Thien - Hud Phii Luang
(n=30) I5,0O±4,O8
2,84+0,04 42,61±11,84 15,31±2,87 2,84+0,06 43,52+8,36 16,17+3,35 2,80+0.07 45,29+9,67
Phong Hidn (n=50)
3,36+1,21 2,44+0,18 8,20±3,03 4,00±2,55 2,55+0,20 10,20+6.56 4,25+2,51 2,50+0,19 10,63+6,72 So sinh miic thay ddi quy md san xuit liia hiiu ca
2017/2016
2018/2017 Dien tich Nang suit San luong Dien tich Nang suit San lupng
% %
* *
%
96
1,13 1,04 1,20
1,14 1,03 1,20
1,02 1,00 1,02 1,06 0,99 1,04
1,19 1 1,05
1,24
^ m 1,06 1 0,98
1,04 Ghi chu: 1 sao^ 500 nr
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE Nghifin cim danh gia sir ph^t trien vd dien tich,
nang suat, san Iirpng cua nong hg san xuat liia hiiu CO tai cac dia phuang theo mpt qua trinh 3 nam tir nam 2016 den nam 2018 nhu la mpt bieu hifin eiia sir thay doi hanh vi (Bang 3).
Kdt qua nghien cmi cho thay Phii I ^ a n g cd cac chi tifiu vd difin tich, nang su^t, san lupng lua huu ca quy mo nong hg cao ban cac xa khac trong pham vi nghien oiu. Sd lieu ciing cho thJiy rang san xuat liia hiiu ca tai Quang Tri bdt dau muon hon so vai d' Thira Thifin - Hud, tuy nhien miic ph^t tridn ve quy m6 CO nhieu chi tifiu cao hon. Cu thd muc tang san Iirpng Ilia him ca quy mo nong hd cao nhat la a xa Gio My, tir 25,83 ta/hp nam 2017 Ifin 31,09 ta/hp nam 2018, tang hon 5 t^/hp, tiep ddn Vinh Thuy tang khoang hon 2,6 ta/hp. Trong khi dd giai doan nay tai hai xa cua Thira Thien - Hue chi tang khoang 1,7 ta d Fhii Lirong va 0,6 ta a Phong Hidn. Nguyen nhan cua vific tang san lupng d Quang Tri ehii ydu den tir cac nong hg tich ctrc md rpng difin tich canh tac liia hiiu CO va tang nang su^t sau nam dau tifin san xuat.
Trong khi dd tai Thira TTiifin - Hue vific tang difin tich chii yeu duoc thuc hien d giai doan tir 2014-2016.
Nhm chung ho^t d6ng san xuat liia hiiu ca cua nong hg tai dia ban nghifin cihi cd xu hirdng tang qua cac ntoi the hien nong hp da nhan thay cd nhidu diem tich cue trong canh tac liia hiiu co ciing nhu cd cac
yeu td khac thiie day nong hg thuc hifin hoat dgng san xuat nay. Cac kdt qua tidp theo ciia nghifin ciiu nham phat hifin cac yeu td anh hudng ddn hanh vi canh tac liia hiiu ca cua nong hg.
3.2. Phau tich c ^ ydu td anh hudng ddn hAnh vi san xu^t Ilia hihi ca cua nong hO
3.2.1. Kiem (Enh chat luong thang do Cac thang do dupc danh gia so bg thong qua he sd tm cay Cronbach's Alpha de loai cae bien rac. Cac bien co he sd tuong quan bidn tdng nhd ban 0,3 dugc xem la bidn rac va tifiu chuan chgn thang do khi no cd dp tin cay Cronbach's Alpha tir 0,6 trd Ifin [5].
Ket qua kidm dinh chat lugng eiia cac thang do NT, KS, HD, RR, CS, HV ddu dat yeu cau vdi he sd Cronbach's Alpha > 0,6 va he sd tuong quan cua timg bidn thanh phan ddu ldn ban 0,3. Rifing thang do AL CO CO he sd tuang quan cua bien thanh phan AL3 va AL4 nhd hon 0,3 nfin dupc xem la bidn rac. Sau khi loai bd bien AL3 va AL4, he sd Cronbach's Alpha cua thang do AL la 0,714 va he sd tuong quan eua 3 bien thanh phan ALI, AL2 va AL5 ddu Ion hon 0,3. Nhu vay, kdt qua sau khi Idem dinh thang do, loai bidn rac cdn lai 30 bien vai 7 thang do du dieu kifin dd dua vao phan tich nhan td kham pha a budc tiep theo (Bang 4).
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Bing 4. Kdt qua kidm dinh chit lui^ng thang do Thang do
Nhan thiic vd liia hiiu co Ap Iuc xa h6i Su kiem soit hinh vi Tinh hiru dung hanh vi Riiiro
Chinh sach hd tro Hinh vi san xuat
Bien Trudc
5 5 4 5 4 6 3
Sau 5: NTl, NT2, NTS, NT4, NTS 3:AL1,AL2,AL5 4: KSl, KS2, KS3, KS4 5: HDI, HD2, HD3, HD4, HD5 4: RRl, RS2, RR3, RR4 6: CSl, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, CS6 3: HVl, HV2, HV3
Cronbach's alpha 0,881 0,714 0,876 0,801 0,827 0,808 0,879 3.2.2. Phin ti'ch nhin tdkhimphi
Ket qua phan tich nhan td cho 6 thanh phan thang do cua bien dpc cho thay tri sd KMO la 0,702 thoa man dieu kifin ap dung mo hinh phan tieh EFA, ddng thdi kiem dmh Bartlett cd gia tri p = 0,000 cho thay cac bien quan sat co tuong quan tuydn tinh voi nhan td dai dien (Bang 5). Theo tieu chuan cua Kaiser cd 6 nhan td chinh duoe nit ra (Eigenvalue
>1) giai thich dupe 75,458% tdng phuong sai. De xac dinh cac bien cau thanh nhan td duoe nit ra tifin
hanh theo phuang phap trich yeu td Principal Component Anahst voi phep xoay Varimax va ehi giir lai nhung bidn cd he sd tai nhan td ldn ban 0,5.
Thong qua ma tran xoay nhan td, eac nhan td ban dau duac sSp xdp lai voi 22 bidn gdm 6 nhdm nhan td gdm:
Nhdm nhan td thii 1 gdm 6 bien: KS2, CSl.
KSl, CSS, KS4 va CSS hen quan den nhan thiic kiem soat hanh vi san xuat liia hiru ca theo quy trinh va cae chinh sach hd trp- chiing nhan liia hiru co, thi tiirong
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 8/2020
KHOA HOC CbNG NGHl cho sin phim hiiu co. Dat ten nhin td niy l i "Kidm
soat quy trinh sin xuat vi tieu thu lua hiiu co - KS).
Nhdm nhan td thii 2 gdm 4 bidn: NTS, NT2, NT4 vi NTl lien quan ddn nhan thiic ciia nong dan ddi vdi canh tac liia huu co. Dat tdn nhin td nay la
"Nhan thtic vd liia hiiu co - NT).
Nhdm nhin td thii 3 gdm 4 bien: HD2, HDI, HD3 v i HD5 liSn quan ddn so sanh hnh huu dyng cua hinh vi canh tic liia hiiu co so voi canh tic thong thutmg. B}t ten nhan td nay l i T i n h hiiu dung cia canh tic liia hfiu co - HD".
Bang 5. Kdt qua phin tich nhin td Kilm dinh KMO va Bartlett
„ . ; „. . Ki^mdinliBailett Kiem amD
X2 it 0.702 5156.806 231
Gia tri Eigeo v i phmni^ sai giai cac nhan to Nhan to Gia tri %
Eigen Phuang sai 1 7,975 36,249 2 2,983 13.558 3 1,669 7,585 4 1,527 6,940 5 1,249 5,678 6 1.199 5.449 7 0.991 4,503 8 0.677 3,078 21 0,049 0^22 22 0,039 0.177
Sig- 0,000
thicli
%
Tich liiy 36,249 49,807 57.391 64,331 70.009 75,458 79.961 83.039 99,823 100,000
bien KS2 CSl KSl CSS KS4 CS6 NT3 NT2 NT4 NTl HD2 HDI HD3 HD5 RS4 E313 ERI CS3 CS4 CS2 AL2 A1.5
I 0,847 0,798 0,750 0,739 0,701 0,655
Kia tran xoay nhin to 2
0.891 0.816 0.767 0,733
Nhan to
3 4 3 6
0,797 0,774 0,752 0,716
0,840 0.753 0,626
0,865 0,719 0,634
0,709 0,601 Nhdm nhin td thii 4 gdm 3 bidn: RR4, RES, RRl
lidn quan ddn nhin thiic ciia nong din ve cac riii ro khi canh tic liia theo Idi thong thudng. Dat ten nhin td niy la "Rui ro ciia canh tac thudng".
Nhdm nhan td thii 5 gdm 3 bidn: CS3, CS4, CS2 lien quan den cac chinh sach hd tro, kich thich sin xuat hiiu co. Dat ten nhin td niy l i "Chinh sach hd tro sin xuat lua hiiu c o - CS".
Nhdm nhan td thii 6 gdm cd 2 bidn la AL2 va AL5 hen quan den xu hudng thay ddi hanh vi canh tic hiiu CO cua hp do tic dong cua gia dinh vi cac nhdm nong dan. Dat t^n nhin td niy la "Ap Iuc tii gia dinh va nhdm ndng dan - AL).
Nhu viy, kdt qua phin tich nhin td cho thiy thang do yen td anh huong den hanh vi san xuat lua hiiu CO cua nong hp tai Quang Tri vi Thira Thien - Hud gdm 6 nhin td dai dien vdi 22 bidn quan s i t Cac nhin td niy se dupc dua vao phin tich hdi quy nhim xac dinh miic dd tic dpng ciia timg nhin td den hinh vi sin xuat liia htm co cua nong hp.
3.Z3. Phan Uch cac nhan tdanh hudng den hanh vi san xuat lua hihi ca qua mo hinh hoi quy tuydn tinh da bidn
Phuong phap phan tich hdi quy dupc thuc hien nhim xac dinh mdi quan he inh hudng cua cic bidn doc lap qua phan tich nhan td vdi bien phu thudc hanh vi sin xuit liia hiru co (HV). Ket qua phan tich hdi quy 6 bing 6 cho thay thay Idem dinh F cd gia tn l i 73,676 vol mtic y nghia (Sig - 0,000) chiing td mo hinh hdi quy tuydn tinh boi l i phii hpp v i cd thd sii dung dupc. He sd phdng dai phuong sai (VIF) ldn nhit l i 1,748 < 2 chiing td khdng cd hita tupng da cpng hiydn. He sd Durbin - Watspn (l<d=2,127<3) dam bio mo hinh khdng co su tu hiong quan. Gia tn R^= 0,737, R^ hieu chinh - 0,727, chiing td mtic dd phii hop cua mo hinh d mtic khi. Dieu nay cting cd y nghia ring 6 bidn dpc lap giai thich 72,7* phuong sai cda bien phu thugc hay 72,7* su thay ddi ve hinh vi sin xuat him co ciia nong din do 6 nhin td quydt dmh v i dupc thd hien qua phtrong mnh hdi quy:
KHOA HOC CONG NGHl
m^- -1,029 + 0,211 ES-^ 0,149 NT-\- 0,299 HD-^
0,125 _ffiff+ 0,346 CS+ 0,146.4i K^t qua phan tich cac he s6 hoi quy the liito rang tat ca 6 nhan to dOc lap deu co tac dSng duong (he so Beta duong) den hanh vi san xuat huu ca voi muc y nghia {Sig<0,05) a tat ea eae bien va hang so CO y nghia thdng k6 voi h6 s6 B - -1,029. Dieu nay co y nghia de thiic dSy hanh vi san xu^t huu co cua nong dan can tac dfing den ca 6 y^u to. So sanh gia
tri (d6 manh) ciia p chuan hoa cho thay: Chinh sach h6 trg san xuat la yeu td quan trgng nhat, tac dpng 1cm nhat den hanh vi san xuat hiiu co (p = 0,353), ke den la tinh hiru diing cua canh tac liia hiiu ca (p = 0,268), kiem soat quy trinh san xuat va tifiu thu Iiia him ea (p = 0,212). Ba yeu td: NhJin thiic v^ Ilia huu eo, ap Iue gia dinh va nhom n6ng dan va rui ro eua canh tac thuong co tac dong thap han voi he sd p lan luot la 0,165,0,164 va 0,152.
Bidn ddc lip (Hing sd)
KS NT HD RR CS AL Tdng
Bang 6. Kdt qua phin tich hdi quy H6 sd hdi quy
B -1,029 0,211 0,149 0,299 0,125 0,346 0,146
Sai sd chuan 0,292 0,042 0,041 0,06 0,042 0,052 0,048
He sd hdi quy da chuin hda
Beta 0,212 0,165 0,268 0,152 0,353 0,164 1,314
Ddng gdp cua cac bidn
(%)
16,1 12,6 20,4 11,6 26,9 12,5 100%
t -3,530
5,028 3,637 4,974 2,983 6,717 3,048
Sig.
O.OOl"' 0,000""
0,000""
0,000""
0,03"
0,000"' 0,03"
VIF
1,064 1,234 1,748 1,551 1,659 1,744 Bidn ddc lap: Hinh vi sin xui't lua huuco; dung luong miu quan sit =165
F=73,676"'; he sdi^ = 0,737; he sd^dieu chmh - 0,727; Durbm-Watson = 2,127 Ghi chu: '• "•'" muc tm ciy 90%, 95% va 99%
3.3. Giai ph^p thiic ddy h ^ h vi san xu^t liia huu cacua ndng ho
3.3.1. Chinh sich hd tra san xudt lua huu ca Kdt qua nghien ciiu da chi ra rang cac chinh sach hd tro san xuat anh huong den 26,9% hanh vi san xuat liia hihi co eua n6ng ho. Trong do viec hd trg cae thiet hi san xuat true tiep nhu giong, phan bon hiru eg, dung cu I^m dat, thu hoach cung nhu h6 trg cac khoan vay lai suat th^p de nong dan d^u tu san xu^t la dac biet can thiet. Ngoai ra cac hd trg dl giiip n6ng dan tang cuong ki^n thiic va thong tin thong qua cac hoat dong truydn thong dai chiing, tip huan eung dugc ngudi nong dan quan tam. Dieu nay la mot ggi y rat tdt de chinh quyen cae dia phuong cung nhu cac cong ty san xuat hihi ca ap diing eac chinh sach khuyen khich phat tridn san xuat htm co. Trfin thuc te cac cong ty san xuat nong nghiep hthi eg tai dia ban nghifin ciiu da co nhimg chinh sach hd trg dau vao nhu gidng, phan bon hihi eg theo chinh sach ti-a sau giiip nong dan yen tam phat trien quy m6 san xuat, tir do mang lai lgi ich cho ea hai phia.
3.3.2. Tang cudng truySn thdng ve tinh him dung cua hanh vi hOu ca
Trinh do nhan thuc cua nguoi nong dan hifin nay ngay mot cao. Do vay, viec thuydt phiie nong dan san xuat htru ca can dua ra nhieu tieu chi ve Igi ich truoc mat va lau dai khi so sanh vol san xuat thong thuong.
Nghien eiiu ciing da chi ra rang nong dan san xuat huu ea chiu tae dpng tai 20,4% bai viec so sanh tinh htru dung ctia hanh vi, 11,6% boi nhan thiic riii ro ve nguy CO gia tang chi phi san xuat, nhu cdu tieu thu giam va dac bifit la cac riii ro vd sue khoe khi tiep tuc canh tac thong thuong. Ngoai ra tiiyfin tmyfin nang cao nhan thiic cua nong dan ciing giiip ho cd thai dp tich ciJC hon voi san xuat hiiu co, bdi ydu to nhan thiic cung quyfit dinh toi 12,6% hanh vi san xuat huu cacua nong dan.
3.3.3. Md binh sin xuat huu ca khep kin theo hpp ddng bao tieu
Til ket qua nghifin cuu cho thay nong dan thuc hifin hanh vi san xuit him co co tac dpng Ion tir nhan thiic cua hp trong viec kiem soat quy trinh san xuElt va tifiu thu (16.1%). Hanh vi nay se dugc cung NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 8/2020 123
KHOA HOC CdNG NGHt CO neu nhu nong dan co day dii didu kifin tir tai
chinh, hd trg ky thuat san xuat theo diing quy trinh den vific dam bao co day du chiing nhan san pham va thi truong on dinh. Ggi y nay cho phep cac cong ty, doanh nghiep, hop tac xa neu co nhimg cam ket lau dai voi nong dan vd quy trinh san xuat va bao ti6u san pham dau ra co the quy hoach viing nguyen hfiu san xuat htru ca va ky cac hgp dong voi nong dan.
3.3.4. Thanh lap cic nhdm sd thich sin xuit hiiu cacua ndng din
Ket qua nghifin ciiu cho thay hanh vi san xuat Ilia him ca cua nong dan chiu tac dong nhieu hon khi hp tham gia vao mot nhom san xuat him co ciing vol ap Iuc thiic day tir eac thanh vifin khae trong gia dinh (12,5%). Tham gia vao nhom nong dan san xuat dugc xem la each tdt nhat dd nhan cac ehinh sach ho trg ve vat tu, tin dung, tiep n h ^ khoa hpe ky thuat va dugc cap chiing nhan san xuat hihi ca sau nay. Lifin kdt giiia nong dan trong nhom ciing dugc xem la each khon ngoan trong dam phan gia vat tu dau vao va tiet kiem ehi phi van chuyen.
Nhiing lai ieh nay se thiic day nong dan tham gia nhom va tir dd chiu su giam sat ciia nhom nhieu hon trong vific tuan thii quy trinh san xuat theo tieu chuan hiiu ca.
4. KEF LUAN
Xu huong san xuat hihi co ciia the gioi va Viet Nam tra nfin cap thiet va no Ufin quan true tidp ddn hanh vi san xuat htru eo ciia nong dan. Nong hp tai hai tinh Quang Tri va Thira Thifin -Hue thuc hifin hanh vi san xuat liia htru ea chiu su tae dpng cua 6 yeu td chinh xep theo tam quan trpng bao gdm: (1) Chinh sach h6 trp san xuat liia hiiu co, (2) So sanh tinh him dung cua hanh vi san xuat liia hiiu co so voi san xuat thong thuong, (3) Nhan thiic cua nong dan trong kiem soat quy trinh san xuat va tieu thii liia hiiu CO, (4) Thai dp nong dan ddi voi liia hiiu ca, (5) Ap Iuc tir cac thanh vifin gia dinh va nhom nong dan va (6) Nhan thiic cua nong dan vd nii ro neu khong canh tac him ca. Ket qua nghien cuu da ggi mo- mot sd giai phap ve tang cuong chinh sach hd trg dau vao, dau ra; tuyfin truyen lgi ieh cua san pham hihi ea; thanh lap cae nhdm so thich hihi ca ciia nong dan; td ehtic quy trinh san xuat va tieu thu khep kin cd hgp ddng bao tieu de thiic day hanh vi san xuSt him ca cua nong dan.
TAILBJTHJUHKHliO
1. Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organization Behavior Human Decision Process, 50(2), 179-211.
2. Aubert, B. A., Sehroeder, A.. & Grimaudo, J.
(2012). r r as enabler of sustainable farming: An empincal analysis of farmers' adoption decision of precision agriculture technology. Decision Support Systems, 54,510-520.
3. Dang, H. L, U, E., Nuberg, I.. & Bruwer, J.
(2014). Understanding farmers' adaptation intention to cUmate change: A structural equation modeUng study in the Mekong delta, Vietnam, Environmental Science &PoUcy, 41,11-22.
4. Deng, J., Sun, P., Zhao, P., Han, X., Yang. G.,
& Feng, Y. (2016). Analysis of the ecological conservation behavior of farmers in payment for ecosystem service programs in eco-environmentally fragile areas using social psychology models.
Science of the Total Environment, 550,382-390.
5. Hair, J. F., Anderson, B. W. C , Babin, B. J..
& Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis vrith readings (4th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ:
Prentice-Hall.
6. Kaiser, H. F., & Rice, J. (1974). Utile jifly.
mark iv. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 34(1), 111-117.
7. Pesticide Action Network (2009). PAN pesticides database. Retrieved from http://pestieideiiifo.org/
8. Hoang Trpng, Chu Nguyfin Mong Ngpc (2008). Phan tich dii hfiu nghien oiu voi SPSS (tap 1, 2), Nxb Hdng Diie, TPHCM.
9. Lapple, D., & KeUey, H. (2013).
Understanding the uptake of organic farming:
Accounting for heterogeneities among hish farmers, Ecology Economies, 88,11-19
10. Rogers, E. M. (2003). Difiiision of innovations (5th ed.). New York, NY: The Free Press
11. Sattler, C . & Nagel, U. J. (2010). Factors affecting farmers' acceptance of conservation measures- A case study from north-eastern Germany, Land Use Policy, 27,70e77
12. Doan Tri Tufi (2018). Xu the va tinh hinh san xuat Ilia gao hiiu ea hien nay. Tap chi KH-CN Ngh^
An, sd 4/2018
13. United Nations (2014). Population agemg and sustainable management. Population Division
KHOA HOC CdNG NGHE
Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 4,14. co thd gidi va Uc. Hoi thao "Nhan dien san pham Retrieved fromhttp://un.org/esa/population ndng nghiep organic Viet Nam - xu hudng phat hidn
14. NguySn Qudc Vpng (2016). Phat hidn nong ™ ""= tidn Men kdt san xuat deu thu". Bo Nong nghiep hiiu co Viet Nam: Bao cao tir thi toirdng hiiu "ghiSp va PTNT Viet Nam, 8h-.
APPUCATION OF EFA MODEL IN EXPLORING FACTORS AFFECTING BEHAVIOR OF ORGANIC RICE FARMERS: CASE STUDIES IN QUANG TRI AND THUA THIEN - HUE PROVINCES
Nguyen Tien Dung, Le Thi Hoa Sen, Le Van Nam, Le Viet Linh, Phan Thi Thanh Nhan, Ngo Thi Thuy Trang, Le Thi Thuy, Luu Trong Nghia
Summary
This study applied the Theory of Planned Behavior and Used the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) method to explore factors affecting production behavior of organic rice fanners. Data for the study was collected irom interviewing 165 orgamc rice farmers in Quang Tri and Thua Thien - Hue provmces. The study results presented six groups of factors affecting organic farmers' behavior They are ranked irom the most to the least improtant factors as: (1) support policies (p - 0.353), (2) usefulness of behavior (p - 0.2268), (3) perceived behavior conti-ol ( p . 0.212), (4) attitude of farmers (p-0.165), (5) subjective norms (P - 0.164) and (6) farmers' perception of risks (p - 0.152). The research results also suggested solutions that help improvmg organic production behavior of farmers, including (1) Stiengthening pobcies to support production inputs for organic rice producers; (2) Promoting communication on organic nee and establishing groups of organic rice farmers; (3) Executing agncultural contracts to link production and consumption processes.
Keywords.' Organic fanner behavior, organic rice, factor, farmers.
Ngudi phan bi^n: TS. Duong Ngpc Thi Ngiy nhjn bii: 28/02/2020 Ngiy theng qua phan bidn: 30/3/2020 Ngiy duyet dSng: 6/4/2020
Binh chinh
Tap chi Nong nghiep va PTNT sd 3+4, thang 2 nam 2020, trang 225 - 233 cd dang bai: "NANG LUC C H 6 N G CHIU BI^N D 6 I KHI HAU CUA HO D A N T O C T H i i u S6 O HUY$N A VJ(n, TtNH THtlATHIfiN - HU£" cua cac tac gia: Le Thi Hoa Sen, Nguydn Tran Tieu Phung, Duong Thi Didu Thanh, L6 Thi Hdng Phuong, Le Van Nam, Tran Cao Uy, Tran Thi Anh Nguyet (Truong Dai hpc Ndng Lam, Dai hpc H u d ) . Trong qua trinh bien soan bai bao cd gtii thieu "Ldi cMi oil', nay xin duoc bd sung nhu sau:
Ldi c^ on:
Nghien cdu nay dufic tai da bdi Quy phat tiien Khoa hoc va Cong nghe Qudcgia (N.4FOSTED) trong de tai ma sd504.052018.300.
Thinh that xin ldi!
Nhdm tic gii bai bio
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 8/2020