KHOA HpC C 6 N 0 N 0 H (
l\IGHl£lM C i i u XAC DIIVH TY L$. CAC BOIV V A IMITO (C/M)
LnxiG ogivG cdiVG IVGHC BIOFLOC mutu THAM CAIMH
T d m THE C H A I V T R A I V G (UTOPEIVAEUS VAIVAMEI]
Nguyin Tht Thu Hiln', Nguyin Van Huio' T6MTAT
C6ng ngti$ Biofloc (Biofloc Technology vilt tit ]k BFI^ ung dicing U'ong nudi trdng th6y s ^ dupc coi 1^
tilp c$n c&ng ngh$ sinh hoc theo hu6ng miA. Dl thuc hl$n cdng ngh$ Biofloc trong nudi tham canh tdm thi chan tr^g, giai phAp cdng ngh$ c ^ d\iqc thuchl^nlAtlnh todn tJ 1$ C/N phu h(?p, cd dii co chit dl vi sinh vjt chuyin hda thinh sinh khdi. Ti^n hinh thi nghidm tJ 1« C/N * 3 nghl«m thiic C/N - 10, C/N -12 vi C/N - 20. DAnh glA chat lupng nudc thi nghi$m nudi tham canh tdm thi chan tring (litopenaeus vannameO, thdng sd BloOoc (FVI, VSS, TSS), ty 1« sdng v4 tdc dd tang trudng cua tdm nudi. Ty Id C/N -12 dugc lya chon ting dung trong cdng ngh$ Biofloc nudi tham canh tdm thi chan b-Ang.
Tit khda: C6ngngh( BloOoc (BPT). tyl( C/N, ldm thi chin U-ing.
Cdng nghf Biofloc (Biofloc Technology i\(x tit lit BFI) ung dyng trong nudi trdng thiiy sAn dupc coi 14 Hdp c4ta cdng nghf smh hpc theo hudng mdi (Avnimelech, 2006) dua trtn nguydn ly c a bSn ciia bim host tinh dang la liing. Cdng nghf EFT li giSi phip giai quy^t dupc 2 vin Ak: (1) Loai bd c4c chilt dinh dudng chuydn hda vdo sinh khdi vi k h u ^ d;
dudng xii ly nudc ao nudi, (2) sii dung Biofloc lim thiic an bd sung t$i chd cho c i c loii thiiy sin nudi.
D4 Ihuc hifn cdng nghf Biofloc tiong nudi thim canh tdm the chin tring (Litopenaeus vannamei), giii phap cdng nghf cin Ihuc hifn l i tinh toin ty If C/N phli hpp, cd dli CO ch6t Ai vi sinh vit chuydn hda Ihinh sinh khdi. Nghifn cuu xic djnh ty If C/N phu hpp thdng qua cic chi sd Biofloc li: FVI, TSS, VSS vi chat lupng nudc (TAN, N- NOj); cic flidng sd ky Ihuit tdm nudi: hf sd chuyfn hda thiic i n (FOR), tdc df tang trudng vi ly If sdng tdm nudi.
L VtTU(U VA PHUnC PHJlP NGH^ Cni l.Tliiftkf thinghifm
Ty If C/N dupc tidn hinh 6 3 nghif m thiic C/N . 10, C/N = 12 vi C/N - 20. Tf If C/N -10 trong thi nghifm d bf 12, 13, 14; ty If C/N - 12 trong thi nghifm a bf 15, 16, 17; ty If C/N - 20 trong thi nghifm d bf 18,19, 20. Bf thi nghifm ddi chiing l i b f l K s a d d h i n h l ) .
Cic thi nghifm dupc Ufn hinh tir 24/5/2011 dfn 24/8/2011 tai Tnmg tim Qudc gia Gidng Hii sin
' Vi?n Nghien cuu Nudi trdng Thiiy sin I
Mifn Bic - Vifn Nghif n ciiu Nudi trdng Thiiy sin 1 cd dja chl tgi Hii Th inh, Duong Kinh, Hii Phdng.
Thi nghifm xic djnh ty If C/N dupc thuc hifa 4 bf ngoii trdi, thf tich bf 3 - 3,5 m'. Thf tich lam vijc cua bf khoing 3 m ' (hinh 1). Bf thi nghifm duvc cip khi (syc khi) vdi 8 - 10 vifn d i khi kich thudc 3 • 5 cm d i bpt khdng khi b i n g cich sii dung khdng khi thdi tir hai miy thdi khi 5 hp, miy thdi khi tii I90 (Hahco 500, China). Cic bf dugc che ludi chdng ning (65* df che phii), cd h i n g rao bao vf xung quanh khu thi nghifm. Xu ly nudc trudc khoing 3-5 tuin trudc khi thi nghifm. Nudc cd dd min khoang 22%o dupc xii ly qua bf Ipc thd (2 bic) rdibomvioW xii ly. Cic bf nudi dupc khii trimg bing d o 200 ppm tnrdc khi thi nghifm khoing 3 hiin. Nuoc dupc xii iy b i n g d o ndng dO 35 ppm, sau khi khii triing 24 h, syc khi df bay hoi hf t du lupng d o khoing 5 - 7 ngiy. Cudi cimg, kifm tra du lupng d o frong nudc dSt yfu ciu (khdng cdn du lupng do) tifn hinh c ^ nudc vio c i c bf nudi. Nudc trong bf d?t dO siu 1,3- 1,5 m. Ti^n hinh giy m i u nudc, giy Biofloc mdi.
Tdm thi nghifm l i tdm thf chin triag (Litopenaeus vannamei) 15 ngiy tudi (P15). KhS lupng trung binh tdm t h i ban d i u l i 0,016 ± 0,001 mg/con. Tdm thi nghifm dupc klfm tra s?ch 5 Ipsi vi nit nguy hifm (TSV, YHV, WSSD, IHHVN, MBV). M4t dd tdm thi nghifm 120 - 150 con/m'.
Thdi gian thi nghifm 90 ngiy. Thiic i n tdm sii diw trong thi nghifm l i thiic i n cdng nghifp CP (> # protein). Tiiy tiiiig giai do?n difu chinh c i c cdthft an sd # 0 - 5. H i n g ngiy, cho tdm i n 04 lin vao 61, l l h , 1 6 h v i 2 2 h .
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NdNG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NdNG T H O N - IC^ 2 • THANG 1 1 / 2 ^
KHOAHPC C 6 H 0 H G H |
BET 11
^ >
E F T 20
B F T 1 2
E F T 19
B F T 1 3
E F T 18
B F T 1 4
E F T 17
B F T 1 5
B F T 1 6 Hinh 1: Sa dd thi nghifm x i c djnh tJ If C/N (Bf ddi chiing BFT11; ly If C/N - 10 * bf BFT12,13,14; tJ If
C / N - 1 2 6 b f B F r i 5 , 1 6 , 1 7 ; t^lf C / N - 2 0 Abf BFri8,19,20) 2. Xic djnh t^ If C/N
Hing ngiy, tinh toin lupng thiic an v i bd sung ngudn cic bon (ri dudng) theo ty If C/N - 12:1. Ty If C/N dupc tinh toin theo cdng thiic ciia Avnimelech, (1999) dt cdng thiic (1), gii djnh lupng hydratcacbon (CH) trong ri dudng v i tinh bdt l i 50% cic bon, lupng cic bon thf m vio (ACH) tinh theo tdng ndng dd nito l g N / m ' l i 2 0 g / m ' .
Tdng lupng CH thf m vio dupc tinh theo cdng thiic (1) va (2).
ACH - AN/0,05 (1) Gia djnh ring lupng amdni trong nudc l i c6 djnh, ngudn chit thai tir tdm v i thiic in thira sd lim tang amdni trong nudc c i c bf nudi. Tdm tifu thu khoing 2596 nito trong thiic in dupc thf m vio. Lupng nita thira trong Ihuc an v i phin thai chii yf u a dgng amdni trong nudc v i h i m lugng amdni sd ting cao trong nirdc (ANH4 hoic AN), it nhit 50% nito trong thiic in cd djnh. Trong cic bf nudi khdng trao ddi nudc thi quy nita cd djnh trong bf:
AN = Thiic i n X 96 N trong thiic i n x 96 N trong
chat thii (2) Thirc i n 4296 protein; lupng nita trong protein l i
4,6596 N; gii djnh 50% nito trong thirc i n l i chat thii (96 N chit thai) la cd:
CH-Thiic a n x % N thiic i n x%N chit thii/0,05 (3) 3. Phuong phip phin tich m ^ nudc Miu nudc v i mau Biofloc dupc Ihu tai cic bf thi nghifm bing dyng cy thu m i u nudc Vandon. Miu nudc dupc thu, Ipc qua giay Ipc GF/C Whatman v i phin tich ngay trong ngiy. C i c thdng sd phin tich bao gdm nita dang nitrit (N - NO2") dupc phan tich bing phuong phip su dung thudc Ihu Gressi; ldng nito dang amdni CTAN) dupc phin tich b i n g phuong phip Nessler; phdt pho dang phdt phit dupc phin tich bing phuong phip axit ascobic. C i c phuang phip phin tich theo APHA (1995). 6 mdi bf thi nghifm thu 3 mSu/lin (trdn liy trung bmh mdt
miu); tin xuit Ihu m i u 3 ngiy/lin, thdi gian thu miu vio 8-9 h.
MSu Biofloc dupc phin lich theo cic phuang phip phin tich bim h i m Uch. Miu tdng cic bon hau CO CTOC) dupc x i c dinh Iheo phuong phip El Waked and Riley (1957). Tdng chit rin la liing (TSS) dupc Ipc qua giiy Ipc GF/C Whatman, siy khd qua dfm tai 105°C (xic djnh khdi lupng trudc v i sau khi siy). Tdng chit rin la liing df bay hoi (VSS), sau khi miu loc qua giiy Ipc (giiy Ipc khdng tro), siy d 105°C, cin khdi lupng trong difu kifn nhift dp 600"C v i x i c djnh khdi lupng. Chi sd ttif tich Floe (VFD dupc thu bing binh hnhoff, lay thf tich 1 lit, sau dd df ling 30 phiit, doc thf tich Floe ling. O moi bf Ihi nghifm thu 03 miu v i trdn ddu lay 1 mau, tan xuat thu v i phin tich 3 ngiy/lin, thdi gian thu mau v i o 8 - 9 h .
4. Theo ddi sinh Irudng vi ly If sdng ciia tdm nudi Kifm tra sinh tiudng cua tdm bing phuang phip do chifu dii tdm Iheo djnh k^ bing thudc chia dd.
can khdi lupng tdm bang cin dif n Modd HF-1200G cd dp chinh xac lO'^g.
Ty If tdm sdng duoc x i c djnh sd lupng ca thf/m^ sau khi thu hoach trfn sd lupng tdm tha ban diu.
5. Phuong phip xii ly sd lifu
Sd lifu dupc nhip v i xti ly sa bd trfn phan mfm Excel. Phin tich sd lifu dua trfn phan tinh toin flidng kf SPSS 17.
• . iifr QiU iwuBi dill Vlt niAo LUAN 1. Ty If C/N v i c i c flidng sd Biofloc Thdi gian diu thi nghifm (khoang 30 - 35 ngiy) tuang ling vdi tdm 4 5 - 5 0 ngiy tudi, cic Ihdng sd dinh gii chit lupng Biofloc nhu TSS (g/l), VSS (g/l), FVI (ml/1) dfu ting.
TSS l i long chat rin lo lung, xf 13 miic ty If C/N 10,12, 20 cho fliiy a cic bf ngoii trdi gii Irl TSS d ty If C/N 12 ttiap han so vdi ty If CN 10, 20. Gii trj TSS
NdNG NGHI|P vA PHAT T R I I N NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 11/2012
KHOA H9C C 6 N 0 N 0 H >
d cic bf thi nghifm dao dOng Irong khoing 0,1 - 0,75 g/l. Cic khoing gii trj TSS trong cic thi nghifm dfu 6 miic dd cho phfp, tdt nhit li gii hi TSS <1 g/l. VI nf u TSS ldn thi dd dye trong nudc ldn, h?n chf inh sing xudng ting nudc dudi diy bf, ao nudi (hinh 2a).
VSS li tdng chit rdn df bay hoi (thdng sd niy phin inh lupng chit hiiu ca trong tdng lupng chit rin). Cung nhu TSS cic bf trong nhi it bj tic dfng cua cic yf u td inh sing, lupng moa: VSS cd gii trj tang dfu, it hifn ddng cdn d cic bf ngoii frdi flii ngupc 1^ (hinh 2b).
FVI li chi sd Uif Uch ciia Biofloc, FVI cCia cic bf trong nhi tang theo thdi gian nudi tdm. 6 cic bf ngoii trdi, tdc df ting ch$m han, d ly If CN 10 chi sd FVI thip; d ty If CN 20 chi sd FVI cao nhit 15 ml/1 (*
gia tri niy. Floe diy die) (hinh 2c).
Df Ivra chpn ty If C/N phi hpp nhit cho nudi thim canh tdm thf chin tring bing cdng nghf EFT thi ty If C/N dd phii vira da df Floe cd cic gii tij tdi uu. Qua cic hinh 3 cho thiy dr ty If CN 12 gii trj TSS thip nhit; VSS cd sv ting hiyf n tinh cao nhit (VSS phin inh lupng chit hiiu ca df hda tan la lung tronj nudc), FVI cap nhit trong khoing 10 - 12 ml/l. Nhu v|ly, li/a chpn C/N 12 li phii hpp vdi cic flidng s6 chit lupng Biofloc cho cdng nghf BFT nudi thim canh tdm thf chin tring.
Hinh 2a
U!p^f^P^f**#,*,^'<;•<>•.? , * < ^ * * , - f < f
Hinh 2b
Hinh 2c
Hinh 2. Ty If C/N vi cic flidng stf dift tupng Biofloc trong bf nudi dli n^iifm (Chii fliich: OD - Bf ngoii bidO
Hinh 3. Dudng tuy^ linh ciia cic chi sd dinh gii >
chit lupng Biofloc 2. l y If C/N vi tfadng a6 chit lupng nudc Cic thdng sd dinh gii chit lupng nudc duvc flieo ddi vi phin tich li DO, pH, COD, dd kifm^pliA phit Cic gii trj DO, COD, phdt phit cua cic 4i nghifm dfu cd gii trj trong gidi h?n cho phfp to
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N O N G NGHliP VA PHAT T R I I N N C N G T H O N - K t 2 - T H A N G 11/20KKHOA HQC C 6 H 0 NOHt
afu chuin nginh cho nudi tdm vi quy chuin Vift thip dudi 7, tdm cd hifn tupng stress (ling suit) Nam (10:2008 BTNMT). Bf thi nghifm do tic ddng (bing 1). Dinh gii ly If C/N vi cic flidng sd chit dia nudc mua, nf n pH Irong mft sd dpt mua giim lupng nudc df df xuit liia chpn ty If C/N -12.
Bing 1. Ty If C/N vi cic flidng sd dinh gii chit lupng nudc Irong bf dli nghifm nudifliim canh tdm thf chin tring ling dung cdng nghf Biofloc (tuong ling vdi ty If C/N - 10.12,20)
Thdng sd Nhift dp (°C)
pH Dp mjln (960) Dp trong (cm) DO(mgfl) TAN (mgfl) N-NOI'(mg/1)
TSS(gfl) VSS (g/l) FVI (mW)
C / N - 1 0 Trung binh ± Sai sd chuin
(Min - Max) 29,19 ±0,15 25,5-31 8,09 ±0,07
6,2 - 9,3 18,68 ±0,32
13-22 29,14 ±1,77
10-80 5,81 ±0,05
4,9-6,8 0,34 ±0,02 0,02-0,63 0,88 ±0,1 0,01 - 1,9 0,40 ±0,04 0,12 - 0,73 0,17 ±0,02 0,04 - 0,33 2,11 ±0,36 0,05-7,83
C/N =12 Trung binh ± Sai s6 chuin
(Min - Max) 29,25 ±0,15 25,5-31 8,13 ±0,05
7,1-9,2 18,63 ±0,32
13-22 24,58 ±1,47
7-61 5,72 ± 0,04
5-6,6 0,24 ±0,01
0,2 - 0,4 0,66 ±0,13
0,01-1,64 0,28 ±0,03 0,09-0,7 0,17 ±0,02 0,33-0,40 3,74 ±0,73 0,5-13,7
C/N = 20 Trung binh ± Sai s6 chuan
(Min - Max) 29,21 ±0,15 25,5-31 8,11 ±0,03
7,4-9,1 18,67 ±0,32
13-22 28,28 ±1,58
8 - 8 0 5,68 ±0,03
5-6,2 0,28 ± 0,02 0,178-0,64 0,47 ±0,09 0,01-1,34 0,33 ± 0,04 0,09-0,71 0,14 ±0,02 0,02 - 0,39 5,02 ±0,9 0,5 -15,1
Trong fliuc tf, cdng nghf BFT giai quyf t vin df
Clia nito. Thdng sd dinh gii chit lupng nudc chii yf u li TAN vi N- NOj-; vi viy, di tip trung dinh gii thdng sd chit lupng nudc TAN vi N- NOa'. Kf t qui nghifn aiu cho thiy ndng dp TAN trong cic thi nghifm cd gii trj ludn nhd hon 1. Trong khi d cic ao nudi tdm quy md cdng nghifp, gii trj TAN thudng ldn hon 1 (Hifn vi ctv, 2005). Xdt ndng dd TAN d cic bf ngoii trdi cho fliiy, vdi t^ If C/N -12 flii ndng dd TAN fliip nhit (0,2 - 0,4 mg/1); ndng dd TAN, N- NOj ting cao a fliing flni 2. Ndng dd chu ky ting nihit trong 5 tuin vi bit diu chu ky giim (hinh 4).
Gii hj nihit ting cao li kf t qui cua qui trinh chuyf n hda. Tuy nhifn, nfu nitrit ting qui cao (> 5 mg/1) vupt qui ngudng gidi han chp phfp ddi vdi tdm nudi flii dn tifn hinh cic giai phip kifm soit nitrlL
Xet cic ty If C/N cho fliiy t^ If C/N = 12 vi ty If C/N . 20 cd cic thdng sd chit lupng nudc vi chat Iupng Biofloc gin gidng nhau. Nfu lya chpn ty If C/N . 20 flii cd hifn hipng thiia C trong nudc vi lupng C thira niy khdng cin thift Vi v^y, df xuit lira chpn ty If C/N-12.
Hinh 4. Thdng sd TAN vi N - NOj-trong bf flii nghifm nudi tdm thf chin tring ling dyng cdng
nghf Biofloc
NdNG NGHlfP vA PHAT TRIEN NdNG THdN - Kt 2 - T H A N G 11/2012 73
KHOA HQC C O M O N 0 H >
3. l y If C/N vi Ihdng sd tdm nudi
Xft ty If C/N vi cic flidng sd ky fliujt cia tdm nudi bao gdm hf sd chuyfn ddi thic in FOR, ly If sdng, khdi lupng tdm vi tdc df ting trudng cua tdm (bing 2) nhjn fliiy ring FCR cua cic ty If C/N flii nghifm cd gii trj Blip, dao ddng khoing 0,70 - 0,87 (so vdi ttii nghifm ddi chiing, hf sd thuc in li 1,03).
Ty If sdng cia tdm nudi ldn hom 80% trong tit ci cic nghifm thic thi nghifm. Khdi lupng tdm nudi vi tdc dd ting hudng cia ty If C/N - 20 fliip hom so vdi ty If C/N - 10 vi C/N - 12. Xft cic flidng sd cua tdm nudi, lya chpn ty If C/N • 12 li phu hpp.
Bing 2. Cic flidng sd ky thu»t tdm nudi vi ty If C/N
l y i f c / NFCR Ty If sdng (56) Khdi lupng tdm (g) Tdc dd tang tnrdng (g/thing)
C/N -10 0,70 83 15,50
5,17 C/N
-12 0,72 81 15.30
5,10 C/N-
20 0,87
84 12,30 4,10
DC 1,03 67 13,01 4,34 N.»^UI/iN
Kft qui nghifn ciu di cho fliiy 4 ly If C/N - 12 flidng sd chit lupng nudc, flidng sd Biofloc (FVI, VSS, TSS), ly If sdng, tdc dd ting tnrdng tdm nudi dat yfu ciu. Df xuSt ty If C/N - 12 frong nudi fliim canh tdm thf chin tring.
TAIU(UTIIAMKIlAO
1. APHA (American Public Health Association),
1995. Standard Mettiods for flie Examination of Water and Waste Water (19fli ed.). American Public ffealOi Association, Washmgton, DC (1995) 1082 pp.
2. Avnimelech Y, 1999. C/N ratio as a control element ta aquaculhire systems. Aquaculture 176 (1999), pp. 227-235.
3. Avnimelech Y., 1999. Carbon/nitrogen ratto as a control element ta aquaculture systems.
Aquaculture 176 (1999), pp. 227-235.
4. Avnimelech Y., 2006. Bio-filters: The need for a new comprehensive approach. Aguacultursl EngineeringU (2006), pp. 172-178.
5. Andrew). Ray, Beth L Lewis, Craig L Browdy, John W. Leffler, 2010. Suspended solids removal to improve shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) production and an evaluation of a plant-based feed in mmimal-exchange, superintensive culture systems.
Aquaculture.'Volume 299, Issues 1-4, Februaiy 2010. Pages 89-98
6. Nguyfn Thj Thu Hifn, Vu DQng, 2005.
Nghifn ciiu dinh gii sue tii mdi trudng vimg nuoi fliim canh tai Dd Son, Hii Phdng. Bio do tdng kdl Difin TROPECA
7. Schneider O. Schneider, Sereti V., E. H. Edinj and J. A. J. Verreth, 2005. Analysis of nutrient flows m tategrated intensive aquaculture systems. Aquae Eng. 32 (2005), pp. 379-401.
RESEARCH DETERMINE CARBON/NITROGEN (C/N) RATIO APPLING BIOFLOC TECHNOLOGY CULTURE WHITE SHRIMP (LITOPENAEUS VANAMEI)
Nguyen Thi Thu Hien, Nguyen Van Huan Summary
Biofloc Technology (BFT) apply for aquaculture which is considered towards new biotechnological approaches. To cany out Biofloc technology for Uitensive culture white shrimp, technology solutions need is calculate the ratio carbon/nitrogen (C/N), in oder to have enough substance for microorganisms transformed into biomass. Experiments C/N ratio at fliree treatments C/N - 10, C/N - 12 and C/N - 20.
Assessing thought the quaLly water tank experiments, parameters Biofloc (FVI, VSS, TSS), survival and growth of shrimp. The ratio of C/N - 12 were selected applications in Biofloc technology intensive culbire white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei).
Keyword: BioHoc technology (BFI), C/N ratio, white shrimp Ngudi phin bifn: PGS.TS. Nguyfn Xuin Ly
Ngiy n h ^ bih 13/9/2012
Ngiy flidng qua phin bifn: 1/11/2012 Ngiy duyft ding: 6/11/2012
74 NdNG NGHlfP vA PHAT TRII^N NdNG THdN - KV 2 - T H A N G 11