KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
k>Ofr'2020
Xac djnh cac nang ILTC va ky nang nghe nghiep va 6e xuat cai thien chuung trinh dao tao nhan luc nganh logistics Viet Nam
• TS. DINH TH! THANH BlNH - Truang Doi hoc Giao thdng van tdi
T 6 M T A T : B^i b i o tong hgp, xac dinti cac yeu c i u ve nSng \\jc va ky nSng nhin lye logistics v i chl ra diem yeu cua sinh vien nganh logistics tgi Viet Nam, tu do de xuat mdt so ndi dung c i i thien chuong trinh d i o tao nganh logistics TLf K H 6 A ' Nhan luc nganh logistics, dao tao nhan lye logistics, n3ng luc v i ky nSng,
ABSTRACT: The article summanzes and identifies the requirements on logistics competencies and skills and clarifies the weaknesses logistics labors in Vietnam, propose some contents To improve the curnculum for logistics training in Vietnam KEYWORDS: Logistics human resources, logistics training, logistics competencies &. skills.
I . D A T V A N O I
Theo VLA dU bio, den n i m 2030, nhu d u n h i n lue t o l n nginh l i t r l n 200.000 ngudi.Tuy nhiln, ehat lUpng n h i n luc logistics Viet Nam chua d i p img dupe yeu ciu, n h i n lye logistics h i l n nay phan Idn dupe d i o tao t d nhilu ngudn khic nhau, ty le dupe d i o tao ehinh quy b i i b i n cdn t h i p (93 - 95% ngUdi lao dong khdng dupc d i o tao dung nginh/ehuyin nginh), Quylt dinh sd 200/QD-TTg ngiy 14/02/2017 phe d u y l t K l hoach h i n h ddng n i n g cao nang lUc canh tranh p h i t t r i l n dieh vu logistics d i d l ra 6 nhdm n h i l m vy, trong do nhiem vy
"Dio tao, n i n g cao nhan thire v i c h i t lupng ngudn n h i n lue' chu trpng v i o day manh d i o tao logistics d d p dai hpe. Bli b i o tdng hop v i p h i n tich eie thdng tin, cic nghien cdu lien quan y l u c l u v l nang lue, ky n i n g n h i n luc nginh logistics, t d do xac dinh cic n i n g luc, ky nang ehuyin mdn d n thiet ddi vdi lao ddng nginh logistics Vilt Nam. t u do d l x u i t d i thien chucmg trinh d i o tao trinh do dai hpc l i l n quan.
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Nguon. Man C McKinnon et al. Maritime and Sustainable Logistics ISBN 979374S043327. October 2017.
Hinh 2.1: Cic dp d$ nghi nghiip nginh logistics Thdng thudng, d p dd (i) n h i n vien thuc hien/thC/a h i n h logistics dupe dao tao d bic day nghe, trung d p , Ddi vdi d c cap dd cdn lai (ii), (iii) v l (iv) thudng dupc tuyen dung tir trinh dp eao d i n g trd len. Cic tieu ehi c h i t luong n h i n luc logistics ddi vdi d p D i l u phoi g i i m sit va ky t h u i t / t i c nghiep gdm: (1) Thue hien cdng viec h i l u q u i ; (2) Kiln thdc v i sU hpc hdi; (3) Ning luc giao t i l p v i sddung ngoai ngO; '4j Ky n i n g edng nghe; (5) KV n i n g c i n h i n ; (6) Kien thdc q u i n ly. Ddi vdi d p Q u j ^
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tn v i chuyin gia chii trong d c ky n i n g nhu t u duy h i thdng; giao t i l p ; q u i n ly t6i t/u; l i m viee vdi tn t u l n h i n t^o; l i m vi|c vdi khieh hing; l i m v i l c trong mdt trudng da ngdn n g d v i da v i n hda; thich ijftig trong d i l u k i l n b i l n d^ng.
B^ ky n i n g logistics dUdi dang md hinh hinh ehur T dupe Gydngyi Kovles [2] p h i t t r i l n (td Mangan v l Chnstopher, 2005) chia t h i n h bon nhdm ky n i n g chinh (Hinh 2.2).
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
5dO&2026 logistics Vilt Nam quy md nhd v l silu nhd, hoat ddng kinh doanh trong Rnh vue dieh vu giao nhdn (Hinh 2.3).
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Ngudn: CyongyiKpvics, Article in Supply Chain Fprum-January 2010.
Hinh 2.2: M6 hinh chi} T vi kg ning nhin li^ic logistics Cie don vj tuyen dung n h i n sU logistics thudng yeu d u n h i n sU cd kinh n g h i l m I l m vile v i kha nang nim b i t nhanh eie quy trinh cdng v i l c / n g l n h logistics.
Ngoii ra, cic ky n i n g chuyin nginh logistics nhu l i p k l hoaeh, td ehdc tnen khai, q u i n tri quan he nha eung dng v i quan h i khich hing, d u b i o nhu d u va quan ly hang tdn kho..., cic ky n i n g giao t i l p nhu ndi, viet v i trinh biy eung rat quan trpng ddi vdi n h i t u y l n dung. Cudi cung, ngoai ngijrvl tin hpe v i n phdng eung dupe dUa v i o danh sich d n t h i l t . Khac vdi Viet Nam, tai d c nude phit t r i l n thi ky n i n g ngoai ngCf v i tin hoc cua ngudi lao ddng dupc x I p sau cic ky n i n g n g h i nghiep.
2.2. Nhu cau tuyen dung va yeu cau v l ning lUc v l ky ning nghe nghilp logistics tai Viet Nam
Khio sit eua Viln nghien eCru va Phit trien logistics Vilt Nam (VLI) n i m 2019 v l n h i n lUe logistics Vilt Nam eho thiy, da sd doanh n g i l p can tuyen n h i n v i l n d p dd (ii) h i n h chinh logistics cho eie cong v i l c l i l n quan chutig td, h i n h chinh, ke hoaeh, k i l m tra chat lupng, d i l u h i n h van t l i , q u i n ly kho; nhu d u n h i n vien d p dp (1) chu y l u t i p trung v i o vi tri lai xe t i i , xe n i n g . Oilu n i y phu h c ^ vdi d i e diem la da sd doanh n g h i l p
Nguon: Bio eio ngin ve hien trang va di xuit phit tn4n nguon nhin lue togisties Viit Nam nSm 2019
Hinh 2 3 Nhu ciu vi tri cdng vi^ trong doanh nghl$p logistics Cung theo khio sit cua VLI, 5 t i l u chi t i e ddng d i n quylt dinh t u y l n dung n h i n v i l n logistics gdm:
Ky n i n g eO b i n nhu giao tiep, thuyet phue... (89,2%);
k i l n thdc (81,1%); tieng Anh (78,4%); kinh nghilm l i m vile (70,3%) v i thai dp khi phdng van (70,3%). Ylu elu v l n i n g lUc va ky nang n g h i nghilp chu y l u t i p trung v i o n i n g luc va ky n i n g ehuyin mdn logistics nhu: thu t h i p , p h i n tieh dCr lieu v i d u b i o ; q u i n ly quan he khich hing, n h i cung d p ; q u i n ly, d i l u h i n h v l n t i i ; q u i n ly kho b l i ; q u i n ly hpp ddng thue ngoii, thu mua; q u i n tri b i n h i n g ; t h i l t k l g i l l p h i p logistics v i chudi eung dng; h i u d n thuong mai d i l n td; q u i n ly d u i n , q u i n trj sU thay ddi (ddi vdi mot so vi tri cdng vilc); t h i n h thao d c nghilp vu logistics eo b i n . Cle ky nang giao t i l p , ky n i n g g i l i q u y l t v l n d l dUoe nhieu n h i tuyln dung t r l n d e trang thdng tin tuyen dung Viet Nam yeu d u gdm:
ky n i n g mem (giao t i l p , soan t h i o v i n b i n , tin hpc v i n phdng, l i m vile nhdm...); ky n i n g g i i i quylt v l n de; ky n i n g t u hoc hdi, t u trau ddi k i l n thdc; ky n i n g q u i n ly cdng vile, q u i n ly thdi gian; ngoai ngd, d i e b i l t t i l n g Anh l i quan trpng, cung nhu t i l n g Trung, Nhit, Han (liln quan nhilu doanh nghilp FDI dau tU tai Viet Nam) dUpc coi l i lOi t h i ddi vdi n h i n lue logistics v i q u i n ly chudi eung dng Viet Nam.
2.3. Thuc trang nhan lUc logistics Vilt Nam Theo khio sit cua VLI nam 2019, ddi vdi sinh vien mdi ra trudng, cd 62% doanh nghiep t r i ldi p h l i d i o tao lai vdi thdl gian dudi 8 tuan Ket q u i nay cho thay, vile dao tao tai trudng ehua dap Cfng duoc y l u d u don vi sd dung lao ddng. Tuy vay, thdi gian d i o tao lai khdng qua dai, ehu yeu dao tao eho n h i n v i l n mdi l i m quen nghiep vu va thuc t l edng vilc.
Mdt 50 tdn tai v l n i n g lUe, ky n i n g n g h i nghilp cua sinh vien mdi tdt nghiep dai hpc nginh/ehuyIn n g i n h logistics tai Viet Nam cd the khii q u i t nhu sau:
1) Thilu thuc te: Thdi lUong thue t i p eua smh v i l n con thap, lien k i t phdi hpp gida nha trudng va doanh nghiep edn chua dupe ehii trong l i nguyen n h i n d i n den t h i l u thue t l eua sinh v i l n dai hpe mdi tot nghiep;
2) Thilu ky nang nghilp vu co b i n : Vdi thdi lUpng dao tao han c h l , d c trudng dai hoc h i l n nay thudng t i p trung dao tao ly thuyet v i t u duy. Nhung doanh nghiep logistics cd nhu d u lao dpng d p do van hanh.
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h i n h chinh, d i l u phdi ddi hdi nhan vien phai t h i n h thao nghilp vu l i l n quan d i n vi tri cdng vilc t u y l n dung ehu y l u lien quan sales logistics va nghiep vu xuat n h i p khau.
3) Thilu ky nang m I m : Giao tiep, soan t h i o v i n b i n , lam vile nhdm, q u i n ly thdi gian v i tien do cdng vile, t h i l u dinh hudng n g h i nghilp. Nhieu sinh v i l n nghJ r i n g n g h i logistics t o i n m l u hdng m i khdng thay ducfc i p luc, rui ro cua cdng vile dan tdi nhanh chin, tid viee.
4) Thilu ky n i n g ngoai ngd, d i e b i l t la t i l n g Anh logistics Tuy ehuan dau ra t i l n g Anh tat trUdng dai hpc thudng ySu d u Bl nhung t i n ed n h l n / t l n ky su v l n khdng dat yeu d u nghe, ndi, dpe, v i l t phuc vu cdng vilc h i n g ngiy, qua do the hien vile d i o tao ngoai ngi^r tai CO sd d i o tao d n d i t h i l n , d i e b i l t l i ngoai ngCr ehuyin nginh logistics.
5) Trinh dp cdng n g h i thdng tin han c h l : nhieu sinh vien mdi ra trudng chua t h i n h thao tin hoc v i n phdng cung nhu mdt so p h i n m I m ehuyin nginh logistics ( q u i n l y v l n t l i , kho hing, khai h i i quan dien tCr...).Diy I I m^t nhupc diem d n g i i i q u y l t ngay cua d i o tao ble dai hpc nginh logistics, die b i l t trong thdi dai 4.0.
3. M O T s d ot X U A T CAI T H I C N CHl/ONG TRlNH OAO TAO OAI HOC N G A N H LOGISTICS VA Q U A N LY cHu6i CUNG CTNG TAI V I C T N A M
Nginh logistics v i q u i n ly ehudi eung dng chju t i c ddng m^nh me eua khoa hpc edng n g h i - dang cd toe dd p h i t t n l n vu bao hien nay. Nhin lUc logistics chu yeu dupe d i o t?o eho khdi doanh nghilp - noi ed nhu elu cao v l ddi ngu lao ddng t i c nghilp/thda h i n h . VI viy, chuong trinh d i o tao dai hpc nginh logistics b i n canh trang bj k i l n thdc ly thuylt v l phuang p h i p t u duy d n d i m b i o tinh thiJc t l cao, d i m b l o tinh linh hoat trude nhdng thay ddi nhanh chdng cua thj trudng lao ddng dudi t i e dpng eua t i l n bd khoa hpe edng nghe Vi v i y tai Vi4t Nam, d i o tao n h i n luc logistics theo dinh hudng dng dung l i hpp ly. Md hinh d i o tao theo dinh hudng Lfng dung POHE v i CDIO da dupe ap dung t h i n h cdng d nhilu qudc gia v i c l hai md hinh deu ed t h i ap dung tai Viet Nam. Md hinh POHE ed dinh hudng thue hanh eao. giai doan htin nay i p dung md hinh POHE s i l i thich thdc eho mdt sd eo sd d i o tao do can them thdi gian de c i i thi|n k i l n thdc thuc t l va ky nang thue hanh cho dpi ngu gilng v i l n v i tim k i l m sU hpp t i e thuc sU trong d i o tao gida n h i trudng vdi don vi sd dung lao ddng. Viec lua chon t i l m c i n vdi md hinh CDIO d l p h i t t r i l n chuong trinh dao tao nginh logistics eung la mdt hudng di phu hpp hon trong d i l u kien thue t l h i l n nay tai Vilt Nam.
Nginh logistics la nginh d i e thii mang tmh kinh t l - q u i n ly - ky thuit, lai vda mang tinh ket ndi pham vi li^n nginh v i t o i n d u . Vi viy, khi t h i l t ke ehuong trinh d i o tao nginh logistics, ngoii khdi k i l n thdc dai cuong CO b i n d n d i m b l o cac md-dun k i l n thdc sau: (1) Khdi k i l n thdc CO sd ve q u i n ly, q u i n tri v i kmh te, (2) Dai cuong v l logistics v i q u i n ly ehuoi eung ung (eo sd ha t i n g logistics, p h i p luit v l logistics, co sd kinh t l eua logistics...); (3) Chuyen mdn nganh (marketing logistics, thdng k l logistics, q u i n tn du trd, v l n t l i , kho bai, he
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thdng thdng tin logistics, thu mua v i p h i n phdi.-); ('*) Chuyen siu/chuyin n g i n h (theo c i c hudng khai thie eO sd v i t c h i t ky t h u i t logistics, q u i n tri logistics v i chudi eung dng, hole chuyin s i u v l ehudi cung dng theo n g i n h may mie, d to, hda chit, d i u khi, thuy sin, gd...).
Mat khie, n l n t i n g thdi lupng, silt chat c h i t lUpng d i o tao ngoai ngd chuyin n g i n h logistics, t i p trung v i o t i l n g Anh logistics v i mdt sd ngoai ngd phd b i l n trong nginh logistics Vi|t Nam nhU tieng Trung, Nhit, Hin. Dinh hudng nghe nghilp eung c i n dUOC chu trpng thdng qua t h i n h l i p eic c l u lac bd logistics, k i t ndi vdi doanh nghilp. Mdn hpc ky n i n g m I m nen tap trung v i o cic ky n i n g edn y l u cua sinh v i l n nhU phan tieh d t r l n . O l sinh v i l n mdi ra trUdng ed the l i m vi|c ngay tai doanh nghilp thi nen cd mdt sd hpe p h i n nghilp vu logistics eO b i n nhu giao n h i n , thanh t o l n , nghilp vu h i i quan, sales logistics.,., eic hpe p h i n nghilp vg n l n phdi hpp vdl doanh n g h i l p ciing d i o tao. N^i dung n g h i l p vu n l n b6 tri ngay trudc dpt k i l n tap (thudng v i o cuoi hpe ky thtf 6) de sinh vien hpe n g h i l p vu xong duoc xudng ngay doanh n g h i | p thyc h i n h , cung nhU de tao d i l u k i l n eho sinh v i l n tim eO hdi vile l i m tai doanh nghilp ngay khi k i t thue n i m hpc t h d 3,
4. K£T LUAN
Bli b l o d i tong hpp, x i c djnh c i c y l u cau cua thi trudng lao ddng doi vdi nang lue v l ky n i n g n g h i nghilp can cd ciia lao ddng n g i n h logistics Vi|t Nam, ehl ra d i l m y l u cua n h i l u sinh v i l n tdt nghilp dai hpc nglnh/ehuyen n g i n h logistics Tie g i i d i dUa ra mdt sd d l x u l t g i i i p h i p d i t h i l n chuong trinh dao tao dai hpc nginh logistics va q u i n ly ehudi cung dng.
T l i l i l u tham k h i o
[1]. Bd Cdng thuong (2018), Sdo cdo Logistics Viit Nam 2018. NXB. Cdng thuong.
[2]. Bd Cdng thuong (2019), Bdo cdo Logistics Viit Nam 2019. NXB. Cdng thuang.
[3]. Australian Aid, VLA, VLI, Sdo cdo ngdn vi hiin trang vd de xuat phdt trien ngudn nhdn luc logistics Viit Nam nam 2019.
[4]. Gydngyi Kovles (January 2010), What Is Special About a Humanitarian Logisticlan? A Survey of Logistic Skills and Performance, Article in Supply Chain Forum.
(5], Alan C. McKinnon, Kai Hoberg, Moritz Petersenl, Christina Busch (October 2017), Assessing and Improving Countries' Logistics Skills and Training, Digitalization in Maritime and Sustainable Logistics ISBN 9783745043327.
Ngiy nhin b i i : 17/03/2020 Ngiy chip nhin d i n g : 25/4/2020 NgtrH phin bJln:TS. Nguyin Thanh Td
TS. An Minh Ngoc