KHOA HOC KV THUAT
LU0C KHAO VE BAO MAT
TRONG MANG CAM BIEN KHONG DAY
• LE HOANG ANH
TOM TAT:
Mang cam bien khong day ra ddi da gop phan quan trong trong cuoc each mang cong nghS thong tin v^ truydn thong, vdi nhieu u'ng dung mang cam bien khong day trong cdc ITnh vifc, he tho'ng nhu": he thong giam sdt u'ng dung trong chien trifdng quan dpi. theo doi cac do'i tifdng;
he thong Iheo doi mdi iri/dng song; he tho'ng phdt hien chay ri^ng \a he thong theo doi benh nhan. Do vay, bai viel khdo sat cac phi/dng phap bao mal khac nhau cho mang cam bie'n khong day, cdc loai tan cong khac nhau va ky thuat tu'dng d'ng de giai quye't nhdm gop phan han chd'cac lo hong, cdc cudc tS'n cdng khac nhau ve bao mat trong mang. Tif dd, de xua't cac gidi phap va each tie'p crin da du'de de xua't cho cac Id hong, cdc cudc ta'n cdng khac nhau de dam bao yeu cau bao mat.
Tijf khoa: Mang cam bien khong day, an ninh mang. mat ma. phat hien xam nhap.
I.Gi(}ithi^u Mang cam bie'n khdng day ddtic dng dung Viec MJ' dyng mang cam bie'n khdng day de irong ra't nhieu ITnh vUc quan trong nhif: quan sif, lien lac \a \d \y dd lieu dang phdt trien nhanh giani sat mdi tru'dng. cham sdc si?c khoe, robot,...
chdng. Mang cam bie'n khdng day du'de xay di/ng Cac u'ng dung trong ITnh vifc quan sif cd the bao tid-d tren sd' lu'dng ldn cdc mil cam bie'n va tram gom su" dung trong chie'n tru'dng, theo ddi cdc dd'i goc Tram gd'c ddng \ai trd la cong ke't nd'i vao tddng nhufke dich \a cac loai phu'dng lien. Mang mang khac. Nut sink thu'dng phue vu cho tram cam bie'n khdng da\ cung cd the du'de so" dung gdc. dd CO the la may tinh xach tay hoae he thd'ng trong mdi tru'dng trong nha de kiem soat nang may tinh thu thap thdng lin va phan tieh. tCf dd nd Itfdng lieu thu trong lam mat. chie'u sang, khi dd't dtfa ra quyet dinh phu hdp [5]. Mang cam bien cd \a ndde [1]. Viee su'dung mang cam bie'n khdng the ke't hop nhieu loai mil cam bien khac nhau da\ trong y hgc nga\ cang trd nen quan trpng vi nhd: tif tinh. nhiet. hinh anh, hdng ngoai va am nhidu thiet bj y te'dddc trang bi chde nang cam thanh (5]. Mdi nut cam bie'n cd the earn bie'n anh bie'n, Mdi sd dng dung irong linh vdc nay nhd;
^ang. ap sua'l. nhiel.... [UJ. Nut cam bie'n dddc theo ddi nhiet dp. theo ddi huyet dp. Iheo ddi trang bi mdt pin nhd de cung ca'p nang Iddng. lu'dng dddng. theo doi dien lam do va theo ddi nghia la hieu sua't mang phu thupc ra'l nhieu vao dien naodd [6J. Mjng cam bien khdng day eung ly le tieu thu nang Iddni:. dddc su' dung trong gidm sdt cdc hien tddng mdi
TAP M l CONG TllfONS
trifdng nhd ddng da't. chdy ri^ng va lu lut. Ngoai ra. mang cam bien khdng day cdn ddng mdt \ai ird quan trong trong cac dng dung ddng \ a i hoang da va ddng vat hpc nhif theo ddi ddng \ at va giam sdt hanh vi cua ddng \ at. Tuy nhien. \ an de bao mat ia mpt trong nhdng ye'u id'quan trpng nhat can xem xet khi thie't ke'va trien khai mang cam bie'n khdng day do nhdng han che'cua cac nut cam bie'n. Hau het cae cudc tan cdng \ a p mang cam bie'n khdng day tddng td nhdcdc cudc tan cdng trong eac mang ed day. nhdng do nhdng ban che cua cdc nut cam bie'n nen cdc cd che' bao mat tren mang cd day khd ap dung iren mang earn bien khdng day. Bao mat trong mang nghTa la mang phai dam bao cdc ye'u td' ve bao mat nhd: linh bao mat, linh loan ven va iinh sSn cd Clia dd lieu. Mai ma hoc la mdt trong nhdng ky thuat cd ban de bao mat dff lieu va thdng tin.
Hau he't cac phddng phdp ma hda iruyen thd'ng khdng phu hdp cho mang cam bien khdng day do sd han che' ve linh todn \a nang Iddng eua ede nut cam bien. Do dd phai Ida chpn va danh dd'i giffa cdc phddng phap ma hda khde nhau de dat ddde mdt giai phap bao mat tddng xdng vdi tffng dng dung cua mang.
Bai vie'l trinh bay Iddc khao mdt sd tai lieu \ e bao mat trong mang cam bien \a thao luan ve mdt so' giai phap bao mat cho edc loai ta'n cdng khde nhau cung vdi nhdng diem manh va diem yeu cua chung.
2. LUdc khao tai lieu
JeongGil Ko va cac edng sd [8] da thffc hien thudt todn ma hda bang AES de bao mat dff lieu trong mang cam bie'n khdng day Hp da tap irung vao phffdng phap khda dd'i xdng dffa iren .AES de ma hda va giai ma cung mdl khda chung. Thuai loan nay lao ra ban ma bdng each tinh loan 10 vdng trong mdt khoang thdi gian ngan [8].
Sekhar va Sarvabhatla [ 11 ] da de xua't mdi giao thffe dda tren ma hda sff dung khda cong khai de \ac thffc idc nhan ben ngoai va thiet lap khda phien. Tde nhan ben ngoai giao tiep thdng qua mpl khda edng khai vdi iram gd'c. giao liep vdi cac nut cam bie'n thdng qua \ icc chia se khda bi mat, Giao thdc na\ dddc chia thanh ba giai doan: Jang k>. .\ac thdc va thie't lap khda phien.
Pra\eena va Smys [10] de xua't chuan ma hda
phien ban II (MES V-II - Modern Ener>pi Standard Version-ll). MES V-II la loai ma I khda dd'i xffng. Thuat loan nay dffde phdt tr bdi Nalh va cdc cdng su. sff dung thual it TTJSA va DJSA trong phddng phap ngSu nh (randomised method). Trong phddng phap n phffdng phap ma hda Vernam long quat \a h chinh sd dung edc kich thffdc khd'i khac nhau khda khde nhau cho mdi khd'i. De tang tinh I mat, thdng tin phan hdi cung difdc them vao tn phffdng phiip nay. Sau khi hoan thanh giai d(
ma hda, loan bp lep tin dddc chia thanh hai pi hodn dd'i cho nhau va phddng phap ma \ Vernam dddc hieu chinh vdi thdng tin phan va mdt khda mdi se ddde lap lai. Hoal ddng i dffdc lap di lap lai mdt sd'lan de he ihd'ng cd an loan.
Theo Jain. Kant \:T Tripathy |4], cac ye'u quan trpng de dam bao chd'ng lai cdc cudc mang la he thd'ng phai dam bao ede ye'u Id') cau bao mat:
- Xdc thffc dfl lieu: xac ihde lin nhan ra'l qi irpng dd'i vdi cdc mang ciim bie'n. NghTa la p
\ac minh dddc danh tinh cua lin nhdn.
- Tinh loan ven: dieu nay lap Irung vao t chinh xae ciia dfl lieu de dam bao rang khdng thay ddi nao ddde thdc hien bdng cdch them, ll doi hodc xda thdng tin trong qua Irlnh truyen.
- Bao mat dff lieu: dieu nay dam bao rdng ky thdng dicp nao cung chf cd ngffdi gffi va ng nhan bie't. De dam bao dieu nay thffdng thi p sd dung cdc ky thuat ma hda.
- Tinh kha dung: dieu nay dam bao rang lieu ludn cd sdn tai mpi thdi diem hoae ba't khi nao cd yeu cau. Mdt so'cudc ta'n edng I mat nhd id chd'i dich vy se anh hffdng de'n t kha dung cua dd lieu, nhdng ne'u ihie't ke' mi va cdche bao mat ye'u cd the ddn de'n khdng dd lieu kha dung.
- Dd Iffdi dfl lieu: dieu nay dam bao n khong cd Un nhan cu nao bi phdt lai bdi ke- cong. Nhan thdi gian cd ihe dddc dp dung de dffdc muc lieu nay,
Navin va cdc cdng sff |7] da gidi thieu mdl che bao mat da cap bang cdch iao ra mpt so' nj nhieu de ma hda the cua khung. Cap dd dau I se ddde ba'i dau vdi mdt phffdng phdp xen
348 So 9-Thang 5/2020
KHOA HOC KY THUAT
Cap dp ihff hai, gia tri cua mpt bd tao sd'gia ngau nhien dffde khdi lao. Cap do thff ba. mdt ngan hing sd dddc khdi tao phan phd'i. Cap dp cud'i Cling dddc bat dau biing each dp dung cdc hoat d^ng cho ngan hdng so.
Bis\\as. Muthukkumarasamy va Singh [2] de
\uat mpl ed che ma hda sff dung ban do hdn loan
\a cJc hoat ddng di iruyen. Nd tich hdp cdc ffu diem eua phffdng phap dffdng cong elip, ban dd h6n loan va di truyen ma hda de bao mat dfl lieu.
Cd 3 giai doan de tao thanh khdi mat ma nhd sau:
- Giai doan thie't lap khda: sau khi chpn ngdu nhien mdt khda bi mat tff nhdm khda, ben gffi \ a nhan trao dot khda vdi nhau. Giai doan nay se sff dung phffdng phdp dddng cong elip dffa tren mdt irddng nguyen to' de tao ra mdt nhdm khda ldn de xdc thffe niit.
- Tao chuoi bit gia ngau nhien: trong giai doan niiy. chudi bit gia ngau nhien ddde tao ra bang phddng phdp bdn do hdn loan.
-Qua trinh ma hda; nham lan va khuech tan la cic khai niem chinh dddc sd dung trong mat ma khdi. De dai dffde sif nham lan la phai dam bao bao mat md'i quan he gifla ban ma va khda dd'i xdng. Mdl khde, khuech ldn dai dddc bang each phan lan sff lap lai cua ban rd bang each truyen lui ircn ban ma, Ba hoat ddng khac cd the dddc Ihdc hien bang ky thuat ma hda nay: XOR. ddi bi6'n (niulation) va eheo (crossover).
Celesline va cdng sd [3] da gidi Ihieu mdt ky thuSl dinh tuyen chd'ng ngap phy thude vao ngudn dd lieu gia. Y tffdng chinh ciia ky thuat nav la moi niil cd the dddc coi lil ngudn dd lieu gia gdi ddlicu thffc sau khi mot sff kien cam bie'n dff lieu den nut dich; Ta't ea ede nut hang .xdm se nhan dffdc dfl iieu gia. Mac dii cdch tie'p can nay cd du di6"m la giiy khd khan chp ke ta'n cdng de phan biel gifla gdi thai va gia, nhffng nd tieu Id'n bang Ihdng va tieu thu dien ndng. Mdt giai phdp mdi dffdc de xua't \di viec sff dyng cdc gdi gia. Cdc gdi gia cd kieh thffdc khac vdi cac gdi thde. do do liei kiem nang Iffdng. Tuy nhien. ke ta'n cdng van khd phiin biet gdi thffc vdi nhffng gdi gia.
Praihap. Shenoy va Venugopal de xua't giai phdp la bat cac nut dde hai vdi sff hd trd tin ca>
trong mang cam bien khdng day. muc lieu na_\' nham vao cac cudc lan cdng bdng nut ddc hai.
bao gdm sffa ddi gdi. them gdi. tan cdng Sybil.
gdi sai va tan cdng ndi \au [9]. Giai phap nay khdi lao xd ly biing each lao cay cha-con chffa thdng tin lien quan trong nut a'n. Dfl lieu dffdc iruyen theo nhieu vdng \di cung Ihdi gian cho mdi vdng. Nul eha dffdc chgn bdi cac nut cua nd.
Phffdng phap hd trd tin cd\ trong mang cam bie'n khdng day phal hien cac nut xa'u sau mdi vdng.
3. Thao luan
Nhieu phffdng phap bao mat da ddde gidi Ihieu trong bai \!ei na\. giai phdp eho cdc loai ta'n cdng khde nhau \a cac md'i de dpa anh hffdng de'n mang cam bien khdng day. Mac dii nhffng ky thuat nay cd nhffng diem manh rieng nhffng nd cung cd mdt sd'yeu diem.
Khi xem xet cdng nghe ma hda va do ban cha'l cila cac nut cam bie'n bj gidi ban ve linh todn va nang Iffdng th"i sddung edc phffdng phdp khda dd'i xdng nhff AES cd nhffng ldi lhe ve td'c dp. hieu qua va bao ton nang Iffdng | 8 | . Mat khac, viec ihie't lap va chia se khda dd'i xffng can cd mot kenh trao ddi an loan.
So vdi ma hda khda dd'i xffng, ma hda sff dung khda cdng khai an loan hdn vi nd yeu cau hai khda: khda chung dffdc sff dung de ma hda va khda rieng dffde sff dung de giai ma [11] Tuy nhien. ma hda khda cdng khai di kem vdi nhflng nhffde diem nhff tinh todn nang ne. cham va lieu thy ndng Iffdng cao. .Vldi giai phap mdi eho nhdde diem nay la sddung tram gd'c thay vi cac nut cam bie'n de dp dung k_\ thuat khda chung, tram gd'c ed kha nang linh todn Idn hdn so vdi cac nut cam bie'n [111.
Chuan ma hda hien dai phien ban II (MES V-11) dffdc md ta la linh boat va cdc kha nang khac. nhffng nd chi dffdc sff dung de ma hda byte phan dodn [10]. Ky thual niiy nen dffde dp dung dd'i vdi bit de them dd phffc lap.
Jain. Kant va Tripathy da eung cap cac hffdng dSn cd gia tri cho cac \eu cau bao mat, cffng nhff cho cac cudc ta'n edng va giai phap thich hdp de giai quye't |4] Tuy nhien. nd thie'u lap trung vao khia canh thffc tien. Dam bao an ninh trong mang cam bie'n khdng da> yeu cau phan tich sau hdn.
thff nghiem \a danh gid lien luc trong ihdc tO'.
Navin \a cdc cdng sd da sd dung trinh tao so ntidu nhien hffdne dd lieu nhd mdt each de tiing
TAP Cll CONE Tfll/OIHe
tinh bao mat bdng each ma hda thdng tin d nhieu cap dp |7]. Tu\ nhien. kicm tra phan cffng \ a phan mem la can thie't cho cac ihie't bi lao so' ngau nhien de dam bao khdng cd sd thda hiep vdi ben ihd ba. Cac chffc nang npi bp cung phai dffdc phan tich de dam bao sd ngau nhien la khdng the dodn trffdc \ a khdng the bi phat hien bdi nhflng ke ta'n cdng.
Bdng each sff dung ban dd hdn loan va cac hoal ddng di truyen dffdc md ta. mii hda hinh anh eijng nhff van ban cd the dat dffdc [2] K\ thuat nay eung cap cac eai lien de mffc tieu thu nang Iffdng tha'p va giam nhu cau tinh todn. Tuy nhien.
sff dyng thuat loan na\ cung ed 2 nhffde diem: i) khi dffdc sd dung vdi cac khd'i van ban gd'c. can ed phiin dem neu kieh thffdc cua ban ro nhd hdn kich ihifdc khd'i dffde xdc dinh trffdc; ii) can cd mdl kenh bao mat dc phan phd'i tham sdkhdi lao.
Celestine dffa ra giao thdc chd'ng ngap cd the tdng cffdng bao mal Irong khi bao ldn ndng Iffdng bdng edeh them dp phffc tap gay khd khiin eho ke tan cdng trong \ iec xac dinh cac gdi thffc 13).
Mdc du cd linh mdi. nhffng linh chinh xae va hieu qua cua giao thdc nay eung nhd sff dyng trong cac mang earn bien ldn \a quan irpng van cdn chffa
chdc chan vi nd chf dffdc thff nghiem trong i mang cd kich thffdc ban che.
Prathap, Shenoy va Venugopal de xua'l lu do hd trd tin eay de \ac djnh cac nut dpc hai i IS le phdi hien eao \a t\ le phdt hien sai tha'p | Tuy nhien, nd chi mdi tap trung \ ao eac cudc t cdng lien quan de'n gdi tin. nhieu loai ian cd kbdc chffa ddde xem xet,
Tdm lai, khao sdt nay cho iha\ khdng cd g phdp cu the va ly tffdng de giai quvc'i la'i ca i loai cdc cude la'n cdng vao mang cam bien khd day. Do dd, cae giai phdp nen dffdc ddnh gid lieh hdp de dap ffng mong mud'n yeu cau bao n ma khdng anh hffdng de'n hien suii't \ii hieu qi
4. K6'l luan
Cdc md'i lo ngai ve bao mal trong mang Ci bie'n khdng day la do kha nang han ehe'eua c nut cam bie'n, thie't bi dffde sff dung trong nhi cac ffng dyng quan trpng. Qua Iddc khao. dd gid va phan lich thi cac nghien cffu nay da t trung vao cac giai phap bdo mal khde nhau, C giiil phap nay dffdc dp dyng chd'ng lai cdc cu la'n cdng phd bie'n vao mang cam bie'n khdng d va Irong bai bdo cung da chi ra nhdng du nhffde diem cua Idng ky thuat •
lAlLIF.UTHAMKHAO:
1. A H. Navin. Z. Navadad. B. Aasadi and M Mimia 12010). Encrypted Tag by Using Daia-Oriented Randon Niniiber Generator lo IncrcdM.- Sccuriiy in \\l^ek•^^ Sensor Network, 2010 Interncuicmal Ccmference oi Cimipuioticmal Inlelligence and Communication \'en\orh. (pp.3.35-338). Bhopal. India:
2. A. Jain. K. Kani and M R. Tripadi} (2012l. Secuniy Solulions for Wireless Sensor Networks. 2012 Seeim, Iniei-naticmal Ccmference em .\d\uiieed Computing £. Cemiiiiunicatiem Technologies, (pp 430-433). Rohtak Harj'ana. India
3. A Pra\eenu and S. Smys (2016), Efficienl cryptographic approach for data securil) in wireless sensor network using MFS \'-U 2016 10th Intemotionai Ccmference cm Intelligenl Systcnu cmd Ccmtrol llSCO), 2016 (pp.l-6;
Coimbalore. India.
4 J. Celestine. K Vallepalli. T, Vinayaraj. J Almodr and A Abuznc-id (2015). An energy efficient floodin, proHKol tor enhanced security in Wireless Sensor Vetworks. 2013 Omg island S\\icm\. Appliccuicms an.
Technology (pp.l-6).Famnngdalc. N"! .the US
?. J. Ko. C. Lu. M B. Snvasta\a. J. A. Slankovic. A. Terzis and M. Welsh (2010). Wireless Sensor Networks hi HealiIicaie.P/wwdm,i;io/d(('/£££,98(l!).pp. 1947.j960.DOI: 1(11109/JPROC20I0.20652I0.
6. K Bisuds. V. Muthukkumarasamy and K. Singh (20L'i). An Encryption Scheme Usmg Chaotic Map ani Genetic Operadons tor Wireless Sensor .\'eiwork- IEEE Semsors Joumal. I5(5(. pp. 280l-2fi0. DOI
10.1109/JSEN.2014.2.380816.
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KHOA HOC KV THUAT
T Kifa>a[ K.. Merabli M.. Shi Q., Llewelljn-Jones D. (2010). Secunu in \Vl^ele^^ Sensor Networics. in lavroulakis P.. Stamp M. (eds), Hanilliook of Infonnalion and Continuntcation Seem its- (pp.5l.'?-552). Heidelberg.
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i. M Panda (2015). Data security in wireless sensor networks via .\ES algorithm. 2015 lEFE 9ih Intcrtuitional Conference on Inlelligeiu Systems and Control (ISCO). 2015 (pp. 1 -5). Coimbatore, India.
9. T. Arampatzis, J. Lygeros and S. Manesis (2005). A Survey of Applications of \\ireless Sensors and Wireless Sensor Networks, Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Symposium on. Meditcrrean Cotifeicnce on Ccmtrol andAutonuitton Intelligent Control. 2005 (pp.719-724). Limassol. C\ pms
10. U. Prathap. P. D. Shenoy and K. R. Venugopal (2016). C.MNTS: Catching malicious nodes with trust support in wireless sensor networks 20S6 IEEE Region 10 Sytnposiuni ITENSYMP I. 20t6(pp 77-821 Bali. Indonesia.
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Itttertiational Conference on Computer Cotnntunication and Informatics. 2(J/2 (pp. 1-16). Coimbatore. India
Ngay nh^n bai: 8/4/2020
Ngay phan bi^n danh gia va sii^a chO'a: 18/4/2020 Ngay cha'p nhjn dang bai: 28/4/2020
Thong tin iiic gid:
ThS, LE HOANG ANH Khoa Cong ngh^ thong tin
Triftfng Dgi hpc An Giang, Dai hpc Qu6'c gia thanh pho Ho Chi Minh
A SURVEY ON SECURITY IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
• Msc. LE HOANG ANH Faculty of Information Technology, An Giang University, An Giang. Vietnam Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam National University. Vietnam
ABSTRACT:
The emergence of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is considered one of the most important revolutions in the fteltl of infonnation and communications technology with many WSNs applications such as surveillance systems, battleground applications, object tracking, habitat monitoring, forest fire detection and patient monitoring. This paper surveys different .security approaches for WSNs. and examines various types of attacks and corresponding techniques for tackling these, thereby proposing solutions to strengthen the security in WSNs.
Keywords: Wireless sensor nenvorks. network secunty. cn'ptography. intrusion detection.