KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE
Khao sat ddng hoc toa nhi^t khi chay cua ddng ctf B6 tang ap khi thay dS'i quy luat cung cSp nhien Mu
Tom tat: Dgng hgc tda nhiet khi chiy (bao gom quy luat tda nhigt va tic dd toa nhiet khi chiy) li cic quy lu$t quan trgng cd tinh chat quyit djnh den kit qua tinh toin quy luat nhigt dgng cua dgng cd diesel.
Bii bio trinh bay cdsd ly thuyit va kit qua khao sit anh hudng cQa quy lu$t cung cip nhien ligu din quy lugt ding hgc toa nhigt khi chiy cda dgng cd diesel bang md hinh chiy ip dgng vdi tia phun trtfc tlip (Dl-jet) trong phan mim md phong GT-Power. Tinh toin eg thi cho ddng cd B6TA.
TU khoa: Quy luat cung cip nhi§n lieu, dgng cd diesel, quy lugt toa nhigt khi chiy.
Abstract: Heat release kinetics when burning (consist of release heat rule and rate of release heat) Is Important rule, a determinative factor In effective of calculating thermodynamic rule of diesel engine.
This article represents base method and model to ex- amine effect of modification the fuel supply rule on release heat kinematics rule when burning of Diesel engine by one of multi zones combustion models Is direct Injector jet model (Dl-jet) with simulating soft- ware GT - suite, apply this model to calculate for B6TA engine.
Keyword: Fuel supply rule, diesel engine, heat re- lease rule.
1. Dat van de
Dong ca B6 tang ap (B6TA) la dong cd dope nghien edu cudng hda td ddng cd diesel 4 ky, 6 xi lanh B6 bang tang ap tua bin khi thai de tang edng suit. D l thda man yeu cau tang ap can tfnh toan dieu chinh eae he thdng trong dd ed he thdng cung cap nhien lieu. Hudng nghien edu cua nhdm tac gia la cai thien quy luat cung elp nhien lieu bang each thay t h i bien dang cam cua bam cao ap theo hodng nang cao cudng dp phun, rut ngan thdi gian phun va tang lUpng nhien lieu cung cap cho chu trinh nhSm bao dam ty le hdn hpp chay phu hpp khi van sd dung he thdng nhien lieu cija dong cd nguyen ban. Npi dung cua bai bao trinh bay ket qua tinh toan mo phdng anh hUdng cda bien dang cam den dong hpc tda nhiet khi chay cua ddng ca sau khi tang ap bang phan mIm mo phdng GT-Power, lam cP sd tfnh chu trinh cong tac va eae ehi tieu kinh te - nang lupng cua dong cd.
2. Cd sd ly thuyet tda nhiet trong mo hinh hien tUdng chay da vung Dl-jet trong phan mem nio phdng GT-Power
Md hinh hien tupng da vung dua ra cd sd tfnh toan
ThS. PHAM HONG SON PGS. TS. HA QUANG MINH Hoc vign Ky thugt quan stf TS. LE DINH VU
Bg Quoc phdng
SU phat triln cua tia phun, bay hdi, hda tron, tda nhiSt d cac khdng gian khdc nhau trong budng chay bang viec phan chia khong gian trong xi lanh thanh 2 hay nhiiu vung. Moi vung dope xem nhU mot he nhi§t dong hpc hda trdn md, bdi vay md hinh nay co thi xac djnh dope nhiet dp va thanh phan hda hpc cue bo cua tdng vung, cudi cdng la ddng hpc tda nhiet khi chay [4].
De khdo sat chu trinh cdng tac cua ddng cd khi thay ddi quy luat eung cap nhien lieu nhdm tac gia si dung mo hinh Dl-jet trong phan mem GT-Power.
Hinh 1 mo ta each phan chia cac vung cda tia phun va quy luat danh sd thO to cua cac vung trong mo hinh Dl-jet Ong dung trong phan m I m GT-Power [3,4].
Hinh 1: Cic vung ciia tia phun va quy luat danh sd cic viing
Theo Hinh 1, tia phun dope phan chia thanh 5 vung hodng kinh va tdi da la 80 vung dpc theo true tia (gia tri cu the dope xac dinh mac djnh hoac do ngUdi sil dung cho trong mo hinh trong 'EngCylCombDIJet')[41.
Hinh 1 cung the hien each danh sd cua cac vung. Vdi viec phan chia tia phun thanh nhiiu vdng, md hinh bao gdm cac mo hinh thO ca'p (md hinh eon) nhU: Mo hinh phat trien tia phun, tham nhap va hda trdn, bay hPi eua cac hat, truyen nhiet cua vung... de tfnh toan trong chopng trinh tfnh eua phin mem md phdng. Cd sd ly thuylt eua cac md hinh con dope chi rd trong cac tai lieu [3,4].
Trong giai doan chay va tda nhiet, tgi moi vung hudng kfnh ddng hpc qud trinh chay dUdc xac djnh theo cong thdc:
- = Aj{3-^yp''.e^''^) (!!>^3)
dt = 0 (^>3)
KHOA h y c - CONG NGHE Tap Chi GTVT 3/2014
UI5 hlh cdc phdn Ur cOa dOng co dtesel B6 (d$ng co> 6 xl lanh -1 hdng) Bfr dMng me hinh hiSn tifvng chAy da vting &p dgng vdi lla phun \nrc
ttp gMJel model). _ _ ^ ^ ^ ^
Hin/i 2; Md h/n/i lien kit cac phan tit cua ddng cd B6TA (ddng cd B6 tang ip) trong phan mem GT-power Trong dd:
m,, - Khdi lopng nhien lieu bj ddt chay tgi mdi vung Ac - He sd tdc dp chay hoan toan
Be - Sd mu phu thupc vao ap s u i t
Cc - He sd tinh dac trUng cho nhiet dp phat ra (j) - ThU tu vung theo hudng kinh
Hinh2md ta sP dd lien k i t eae phin td trong phan mem GT-Power eua ddng ed B6TA tren ed sd sd dung md hinh chdy Dl-jet.
Thdng sd dau vao cua md hinh
Thdng sd dau vao cua md hinh tinh gdm cae thdng sd cua ddng cd dUde l l y td tdi lieu ky thuat cua ddng cd[5] va k i t qua tinh toan tang ap ddng ed B6[2]. Md hinh chdy dupc lUa ehpn trong phin td "cylinder" cung vdi cac phan td dac trung cho cac ehi t i l t cua ddng eP
de tinh cho tUng dong cd cu the. Mo hinh chay dupe lua ehpn la md hinh 'EngCylCombDIJet'.
PhUdng an lUa chpn bien dang cam mdi da dupe nhdm tac gid trinh bdy trong [1]. Nham khao sat so sanh trudng hdp sd dung bien dang cam bdm cao ap mdi (dang 1 cung 16m, 2 eung ldi) tren bdm cao ap khdng d i l u chinh thanh rang vdi khi sd dung bien dang cam nguyen ban (dang t i l p tuyIn) sau khi da d i l u chinh lupng cung d p nhien lieu eho ehu trinh theo yeu e l u tang ap bang each d i l u chinh thanh rang. Thdng sd ve lUpng eung e l p nhien lieu ca'p cho chu trinh va quy luat eung elp nhien lieu dUdi dang dp s u i t phun khi sd dung bien dang cam bdm cao ap cu va mdi da dupe tfnh toan bang phin mem GT-Fuel.
Hinh 3 gidi thieu d i l n biln ap suit phun Ong vdi sd
KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE
dung cam nguyen ban khi da dilu chinh tang lopng nhien lieu cung elp cho ehu trinh theo yeu cau tang ap va cam cai tien ed lopng nhien lieu cung cap tUPng dUPng d tdc dp dong cP tien hanh khao sat la n^c
=1200vg/ph (Ong vdi c h i dp ed mo men xoan Idn nhat) va n^c =1800vg/ph (Ung vdi che dp cong sua't djnh mdc).
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b) Che do cdng suit dinh mdc n^^ = 1800v/ph Hinh 3: Quy luat ip suit phun ciia HTCCNL Ung
vdi bien dgng cam cdsd vi bien dgng cam mdi Quy luat ap sua't phun dupe dang nhap vao phan td Injector trong md hinh. Hinh 4 gidi thieu cda sd giao dien nhap gia trj lUpng nhien lieu cap cho chu trinh va quy luat diin biln ap sua't phun vao phan tO injector trong md hinh mo phdng GT-power.
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1 CtncnHinh 4: Giao dign nhgp thdng sd lUdng phun nhien ligu cho chu trinh va diin blin ip suit phun trong
md hinh GT-Power
De dam bao dp tin cay eua md hinh da xay dong, nhdm tdc gia da sd dung md hinh d l tinh toan cho ddng ed ehua tang ap B6 va so sanh ket qua tfnh toan bang mo hinh vdi cac thdng sd chu trinh edng tdc va chi tieu cdng tac cua dong ed nguyen ban eho trong tai lieu kT thuat cua nhd san sua't [5]. Mo hinh
tfnh dupe hieu chinh dUa tren cae thdng sd kTthu|t cho trong [5].
3. Ket qud khao sat dong hoc tda nhiet ciia dong cd B6TA
K i t qua so sanh tdc dp tda nhiet trong qua trinh chay cua dong eP cudng hda bang tang dp khi sui dung cam bdm cao ap nguyen thuy va khi sd dung bdm cao ap vdi bien dang mdi tai e h l dp md mem cue dai n^o =1200vg/ph va e h l dp cong suit djnh mdc n^^
=1800vg/ph dupe trinh bay tren Hinh 5va 6.
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Hinh 5: So sinh tdc dg tda nhigt va quy lu$t toa nhigt khi chay trong dgng cd B6TA khi sffdgng cam nguyin thuy va cam mdi, chi do N^dm
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Hinh 6: So sinh tdc do toa nhigt va quy luat toa nhigt khi chiy trong ddng cd B6TA khi sijf dgng cam nguyin thiiy va cam mdi, chi dg Mjmax Nhan xet
TO dd thj so sanh tdc dp tda nhiet khi chay trong dong CP d eae tdc dp khac nhau eho tha'y: Vdi trudng hpp tang ap sd dung true cam mdi tdc dp tdanhidtkhi chay dat cao hdn, 0,121 (1/dp GQTK) so vdi 0,228 (1/dp GQTK) d e h l dp ndc = 1800 v/ph va 0,099 (1/(16 GQTK) so vdi 0,125 (1/dp GQTK) d ndc = 1200 v/ph.
Ddng thdi, thdi gian chay ngan hdn so vdi trUdng hdp sd dung cam nguyen thuy do quy luat tda nhiet giai doan dau Idn hdn (Hinh 5 va 6). Khi sd dung true cam mdi eho BCA, do thdi dilm bat dau cung d p nhiSn lieu (thdi dilm bat d I u phun) sdm len nen thdi dilm bat dIu chay sdm hon vd thdi dilm k i t thue cung sdm hdn, dac biet d e h l dp tdc dp vdng quay cao vi khi do mdc dp xody Ide eua khdng khi trong budng chay va chat lupng phun tPi tdt hPn. Vdi eung mot ehl dp ho?t ddng cua ddng cd khi sd dung cam cai tiln (1 cung Idm, 2 cung ldi) vdi tdc dp vd ap suit phun cao hdn thay cho cam cu (cam tilp tuyIn), quy luat tda nhiet co cae vj trf dat epe dat cd thdi dilm chay trUde va chay khuleh tan dau sdm hdn vd gia trj cOc dat cao han.
4. Ket luan
TO k i t qua khao sat eho thly, quy luat eung cap nhien lieu ed anh hodng r l t Idn d i n ddng hpe tda nhiet khi chdy va d i n cac ehi tieu cdng tae cda dong Cd. Ddi vdi ddng hpe tda nhiet khi chay, d l tang tdc d6 chay ban dau nham giam chdy rdt thi c i n ed quy luSt cung cap nhien lieu bao ddm ap suit phun cao, tdc dp (Xem tiep trang 33)
KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE Tap Chi GTVT 3/2014
bu long chuyen dung de lien k i t giUa khdp ndi vdi mat bich (bp phan dap dao ddng xoan) cua true cac dang;
sd dung vanh rang (40 rang) d l do tdc dp true khuyu;
tren vanh mat try ngoai cua khdp ndi (khu vUc ndi vdi bp phan dap dao ddng xoan) cd khac 360 vach chia d l xac dinh vj tri cda true khuyu; sd dung 3 dng tru rdng hdn cdng vdi khdp ndi de quay trdn true khuyu.
Tren ed sd ban ve thiet k l ehi t i l t da tien hanh dOc khdp ndi (tao khudn, due phdi) bang thep 40X, gia edng cd khi (tien, khoan, phay, xpe then...), nhiet luyen (then, khdp ndi) vd lien k i t cae ehi tiet phu (vanh rang do tdc dp ddng cd, 03 tay quay trdn ddng CP). Khdp ndi hoan chinh sau che tao dupc trinh bay tren Hinh 3-a.
3. Ti'nh toan kiem tra sdc ben cua khdp ndi Can cO vao dac tinh ngoai cua ddng cd diesel B2 va phanh dien AF^A 404/6PA (Hinh 1); k i t ca'u chi t i l t va vat lieu che tao cua khdp ndi; da kiem tra sOc ben cda khdp ndi bang phIn mIm ehuyen dung ANSYS tai che dp md men xoan Idn nha't. Mo hinh phan chia cac phan td cua khdp ndi d l tinh toan sOe ben dope trinh bay tren Hinh 3-b.
Hinh 3: Khdp ndi hoan chinh (a) va md hinh phan tur hffu hgn trong ANSYS (b) Ket qua tinh toan cho thly: iJng suat eat Idn nha't khdp ndi phai chju trong qua trinh lam viee la 24,54 MPa tai vj tri mep ben trong eua ranh then lien ket khdp ndi vdi dudi true khuyu. Gia trj nay nhd hdn nhiiu so vdi gia trj dng s u i t cat cho phep cua vat lieu che tao khdp ndi (344,7 MPa).
4. Thil nghiem khdp ndi tren be thd
Trudc khi lap dat len be thO AVL-ETC, khdp ndi dupe lap len ddng cd B2 (tren gia dd di ddng) de kilm tra sd bp v l sO ddng tdm va dp dao eua khdp ndi.
Tiep theo, ddng ed 82 va khdp ndi dupe l i p len be thd AVL-ETC de t i l n hanh cac cdng viee can chinh eIn thilt. Khdp ndi thilt k l da dam bao tdt ve yeu cau dp ddng true cua be thO AVL-ETC (yeu cau gdc lech giOa dudng tam eua true cdc dang vdi dudng tam true phanh dien < 3 dp) (Hinh 4).
Qua trinh thd nghiem xac djnh cdc chi tieu kinh t l , nang lupng, mdi trudng cua dong cd B2 dng vdi cae che dp van hanh (tai va tdc dp) khac nhau (bao gdm nhieu lupt thd theo dac tinh ngoai) cho thly khdp ndi da dap Ung dupe yeu cau dat ra.
5. Ket luan
Da thiet ke, che tao thanh cong khdp ndi de lien ket giUa ddng cd B2 va true cac dang cua phanh dien APA 404/6PA phuc vu viec thd nghiem tren be thd AVL-ETC, Ung vdi cac e h l dp van hanh khac nhau.
Day la giai phap cd the md rpng ap dung cho cac loai ddng cd khong cd banh da (hoac dudi true khuyu ed ket cau dac biet) khi thd nghiem tren be thd G
Tai lieu tham khSo
[1]. De tai NCKH & PTCN cap Nha node "Nghidn edu sd dung nhien lieu diesel sinh hoe (B10 va B20) cho phddng tien ed gidi quan sif, ma sd:
DT.06.12/NLSH.
[2]. Bui Trpng LOu, Nguyin Van Vopng, Sdc ben vat lieu, NXB. Giao due, 1998.
[3]. Nha may Z153/TCKT, Tai lieu ky thuat va QTCN sda ehda ddng cd diesel B2-B6.
[4]. Dinh Ba Tru, Hoang Van Lpi, Hddng din sd dung ANSYS (Phan I, II), Hpe vien Ky thuat Quan sO, Ha Npi, 2003.
[5]. AVL List GmbH, Technical Documents of Heavy Duty Engine Testcell.
[6]. JJeuaamenu B-2 u B-6, TexHusecKoe onucaHne, M.: BoeHHoe nsflaTenbCTBO, 1975.
Ngay nhfn bai: 24/01/2014 Ngay chap nhan ding: 21/02/2014 Ngiroti phin bien: PGS.TS. Ha Quang Minh
TS. Nguyin Trung Kien
Hinh 4: Dgng cd B2 va khdp ndi tren be thff AVL-ETC/NETC
KHAO SAT DONG HOC...
(Tiep theo trang 40) phun Idn. Viec cai tien bien dang cam bPm cao ap bSng cam ba cung (1 cung 16m, 2 cung ldi) cd the dap dng dope yeu cau tren, dac biet ddi vdi cac ddng cP diesel sau khi cUdng hda blng tang ap nhu ddng eP B6TA •
Tai lieu tham khao
[1]. Pham Hdng Son, Ha Quang Minh, Le Dinh Vu, Nghien edu xac dinh bien dang cam bdm cao ap nhSm cai thien quy luat eung cap nhien lieu cho ddng cd diesel B6 sau cUdng hda bang tang ap, Tap ehi CP khi Viet Nam, thang 1/2013.
[2]. Le Dinh Vu (2010), Bao cao tong ket de tai:
Nghien edu cddng hda dong co B6 bang tang ap tuabin khi thai, De tai dpc lap elp Bp Qud'c phdng, Ha Ndi.
[3]. GT-power user manual (2006), version 6.2, Gamma Technology.
[4]. Junnian Zheng, B.A (2009), Use of an Engine Cycle Simulation to Study a Biodiesel Fueled Engine, Shanghai Jiaotong University.
[5]. TexHu^ecKoe Onucanue (1975), TaHKOSbie flBurarenM B-2 M B-6, MocKsa.
Ngay nhan bai: 17/02/2014 Ngay chap nhan dang: 27/02/2014 Ngircri phin bien: PGS. TS. Dao Trgng Thang
TS. Nguyin Trung Kien