TilVIH DA DAIVG VA
D A C D|£1VI P H A | \ IBO CUA CAC LOAI lUAY a LUU VUC SdlVG BO, TilVH THUA THIEIV - HUE
DdngThdiDuong^
T6MTAT
Ket qua dicu tra b 7 tieu khu thuoc 4 xa thuoc luu virc s6ng Bd da x^c djnh dupe 12 loai mdy thupc 4 chi (Calamus, PlcctcHoima, Koiihalsia, Daenionorops). Trong sd 12 lo^i mSy phSn bd dkhu vuc nghien cim, co 8 loai thupc chi Calamus, nhu v^y. chi Calamus phan bd tdp trung d khu vyc nay. 6 tiang thai nmg sau khai thac kiet co 9 loai mdy phan bd. trong do nhirng lodi chidm sd lupng ldn Id may Tdt (28%). may Nuoc mo (28%) va may Ddng (19%). 6 trang thdi rimg phpc hdi co 12 loai, trong do nhirng loai chidm sd lupng ldn la may Nuoc mP (28%), may l);ing (33%). O tr^ng thai trang co. cay bui c6 8 lodi, trong do nhung loai chidm sd Iirc.nig Ion la may Tat (18%). may Nuoc nicy (33%), may Dang (18%), may Nude nghe (24%). a dai cao ti; 0-200 m co 8 loai, trong do nhirng loai chidm sd lupng ldn la may Tat (25%), may Nuoc m(j (29%).
may Ding (21%), may Nucrc nghe (13%). (7 dai cao 200-400 m co 9 lodi, trong do hai loai co sd lirong nhieu la may Nirdc mo (37%) va may Dang (23%). 6 dai cao 400600 m c6 9 loai. trong do loai may Dang (42%).
may NirPc m(y (18%), may Heo (16%) la nhirng loai c6 sd ]u(,mg ldn. Nghien ciai cung chi ra rang, co thd tdn tgi mdi lien he nao d6 giCra td thanh loii, viing phan bd sinh thdi ven kha nang thich img cua loai may. O noi loai may phan bd va chiem to thanh Ion thi d d6 rimg trdng c6 ty le sdng va lupng tAng tnrdng cao hon. Dira vao dac (hem phan bd, ty le sdng. sinh tnrdng va gia tq kinh td ciia cdc loai cho thay. loai may Tat (Calamus tetradactylus Hance) phii ho]) hon ca voi dieu kien l$p d(a b dai cao 0-200 m. Ddy Id mpt trong nhirng ca sd khoa hpc cho viec gay trdng loai cay nay d luu vpc song Bd.
Tirkh6a: D$c diim phan IJO. may, songBd, tinh da dang.
LDATVANDE
Mdy Id ten gpi chung cho khoang 600 loai, chii ydu thudc chi Calamus (khoang 400 lodi) vd chi Dae^monorops (khoang 115 lodi) thudc hp cau dira (Arecacead) [2]. Mdy phdn bd rdng tap trung d cdc vimg nhiet ddi tir chdu A, chdu Dai Duong ddn chdu Phi. Mdy Id mdt trong n h u n g loai 1dm san ngodi gd cd gid tri kinh td vd sinh thai cao. Mdy dupe sii dung rdng rdi trong ddi sdng vd Id mdt trong nhCmg ngudn sinh kd cua ngudi ddn ndng thdn. Mdy thich hpp vdi khi hdu nhidt ddi am ndn nd cd mdt nhieu noi nude ta. Vimg sinh thai khde nhau thi cd sd lupng vd thdnh phan lodi mdy khde nhau [1].
Cdc cdng trinh nghidn ciiu vd mdy cua Vidt Nam cdn it. Ddc biet chua cd cac nghidn ciiu vd thanh phan, tinh da dang vd phdn bd cdc lodi mdy d luu vue sdng Bd tinh Thira Thidn Hud. Vi vdy dd xdy dung CO sd khoa hpc cho vide quan ly, sir dung vd phdt tridn hpp ly ngudn tai nguydn nay npi dung nghidn Cliu chu ydu ciia di tai n h u sau:
Ddnh gid sir da dang lodi mdy phdn bd theo trang thdi tham thuc vdt, theo dai cao vd cdc chi tidu bidu thi tinh da dang lodi.
Tnrdng B^\ hpc Nong lam Hue
Ddnh gid kha ndng thich img ciia mdt sd loai may trdng d trang thdi trang cd, cdy bui tiong dai cao 0 - 200 m.
L 001 TUQNG, DIA DIM VA PHUONG PHAP NGHei CUU 1. Ddi tupng vd dja didm nghidn ciiu
- Ddi tupng nghidn ciiu Id cdc lodi mdy phdn bd b rimg tu nhien vd rimg trdng.
- Dia didm nghidn ciiu Id 4 xd Binh Didn, Hdng Tidn, Huong Binh, Huong Vdn thudc 7 tieu khu d luu vuc sdng Bd, tinh Thira Thidn Hud. Thdi gian nghidn ciru Id ndm 2011.
2. Phuong phdp nghidn ciiu a. Phuong phip diiu tra thuc dia
+ Ldp tuydn didu tra: Tidn hdnh lap 7 tuydn didu tra chinh tuong iing vdi mdi tidu k h u tidn hdnh lap 1 tuydn chinh. Tuydn chinh dpc theo luu vuc sdng Bo di qua cdc trang thdi tham thuc vat trang cd, cay bui; sau khai thdc kidt; r u n g p h u c hdi va cdc dai cao 0-200 m, 200400 m, 400-600 m thudc huydn Huong Trd. Trdn tuydn chinh, each 300 m lap 1 tuydn phu vudng gdc vdi tuydn chinh. Chieu ddi tuyen phu k h o a n g 100 m.
•t- Ldp d tidu chudn: Didn tich d tidu chuan 20 x 20 m. Sd lupng d tidu chuan: tren mdi trang thai tham thuc vat hay trdn moi dai cao ldp it nhat 30 d. Tren
KHOA HbC CbNG NGHfi
cac 6 tieu chuan do ddm cac chi tidu: Thanh phdn loai may, sd lupng khdm ciia mdi loai, md ta ddc diem cac loai may, lay mdu dd gidm dinh tdn lodi.
+ Bd tii thi nghidm theo khdi ngdu nhien day dii 3 lan lap lai, mdi lan ldp gdm 50 cay dd ddnh gid tinh thich ling ciia 4 loai may d dudi tan rimg trdng dp che bdng 0,4-0,5 d dai cao 0-200 m. Ddnh gid ty Id sdng ciia cac lodi sau 5 thang trdng. Lupng tdng tnrdng dinh ky sau 5 tiiang tidng dupe tinh bdng hieu sd gitra chidu cao cdy d giai doan 5 thdng tudi vd chieu cao cay con dem trdng.
b. Phuong phip xu ly sd liiu
-I- Dua vao phuong phdp chuyen gia kdt hpp tra ciru tai lieu phan loai de dinh danh lodi [4,5,6,7,8].
•h Nhap dir heu vd xii ly sd lieu bdng phan mdm Excel, tidn hanh phdn tich phuong sai mdt nhan td de so sanh sinh trudng, tdng trudng cua cdc loai d rimg tidng. Dimg ty Id phan trdm (%) di ddnh gid td thanh cac lodi mdy d rimg tu nhidn vd ty le sdng ciia cay b rimg tidng.
+ Sir dung phan mem BioDiversity Professional 2.0 de danh gid mire dp da dang sinh hpc ciia cdc loai, cu thd Id:
* Chi sd Shannon (Shannon Weiner) la chi sd bieu hien miic dp da dang ndi tai ciia mdu. Cdng thiic tinh:
H =-tpr^g(P^)
'-' (1)
^' (2) Trong dd: H': chi sd da dang Shannon Werner;
iij: sd lupng cd the ciia lodi thii i trong moi d tidu chuan; N^: tong sd cd thd ciia d tieu chuan; S: sd lirpng cdc lodi- H' = 0 khi lam phan chi cd mdt lodi duy nhat (n, = I z^ ]n(p) = 0); W dat cue dai khi sd loai tiong lam phan la ldn nhat va mdi lodi chi cd mdt cathe.
* Chi sd Simpson la chi sd dupe dimg di ddnh gia miic dp uu tiid hon la da dang. Nd phu tiiudc rat ldn vao loai uu tiid. Cdng thiic tinh nhu sau:
n »/(^, - 1 ) 1N,(N,-l)
lupng cd tiid ciia lodi tiiii i ti-ong mdi d tieu chuan; N;
Tdng sd cd tiid ciia d tidu chuan.
Nhuvdy 0 < D < 1 .
D = 1 khi d tidu chudn chi cd mdt lodi (ni(ni - 1)
= Ni(Ni - 1)) cd nghia la su da dang vd sd lupng lodi la tiiap nhdt vd D = 0 khi sd lupng cd thd ciia mdi lodi tiong mpt d tieu chudn ddu bdng 1 (n^ = 1), khi dd thi dd da dang vd sd lupng lodi trong d tieu chuan la cao nhdt D cdng gan 0 thi 1dm phan cdng da dang vd lodi vd miirc dp ddng ddu vd sd lupng cd tiid tiong mdi lodi cdng cao.
• . KET QUA NGHEN CUU VA T H A O LUAN
1. Da d^ng lodi mdy tai dja didm nghidn ciiu Kdt qua didu tia d 7 tidu khu thudc 4 xd tiiudc luu vuc song Bd dd xdc dinh dupe 12 lodi mdy, tiiudc 4 chi. O Viet Nam cd 45 lodi may va 6 chi [3], chimg td d luu vuc sdng Bd tinh Thira Thien Hud khd da dang vd lodi may.
Bdng 1. Da dang vd thdnh phdn lodi mdy tai luu vuc sdngBd
(3) Trong dd: D: chi sd da dang Simpson; m: so
TT 1 2
3 4 5
6 7
8 9
10
11 12
Ten dja phuong May Cun May Tdt
Mdy Dang Song Voi May Nude ma
May Nuoc nghe
May Ra
May Cam Song mat
May Heo
May Tre May Voi
Ten khoa hpc Calamus
bousigonii Becc Calamus tetradactylus Hance
Calamus walkeri Hance
Plectocomia elongata Mart Calamus ceratophorus Conrard Daemonorops Jenkinsiana Mart
Korthalsia
laciniosa (Griff.) Mart.
Calamus dioicus Lour.
Calamus platyacanthus Wan-b.
Calamus rhabdocladus Burret Calamus sp.
Plectocomia pierreana Becc
Chi Calamus Calamus
Calamus Plectocomia Calamus
Daemonorops Korthalsia
Calamus Calamus
Calamus
Calamus Plectocomia
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 3/2012 79
Trong sd 12 loai may xdc dinh dupe cd 8 lodi phuong nhu Song mdt (Calamus platyaeantiius tiiudc chi Calamus, chung td chi Calamus phdn bd Wai-rb), may Nude md (Calamus ceratophoms khd phd bidn d khu vuc nghidn ciiu. Mue dp da dang Conrard), may Tdt (Calamus tetradactylus Hance).
vd cac loai may d luu vuc sdng Bd la kha cao chidm ty Ngodi chi Calamus cdn didu tra dupe mdt sd loai may Id 12/30 loiii cd d Vidt Nam. Ben canh gid ti-j vd da tiiuoc cdc chi: Plectocomia, Korthalsia, Daemonorops.
dang chi Calmmis cdn cd nhidu loai mdy co gia tii 2. Da d?uig lodi mdy theo tidu khu vd don vj hdnh kinh td cao vd gia ti-j sir dung ddi V('ri ngiriri dan dja chinh
TT
1 2 3 4
E
Xa
Binh Dicn Hdng Tidn Hirong Binh Huong Vdn
dng 2. Bdng phdn Tiru khu
143 Ml 139 126 115 106 111
jd mdy theo don vj So Im.mg
lodi mdy 9 12
6 5 9 2 8
hdnh chinh
Ixidi cd sd lupng cd thd nhidu nhat mdy Ddng, may Nude md may Ddng, may Nude md may Nude md
may Ddng, may Nude md mdy Ddng. mdy Nude md mdy Nude mo, Nude nghe may Nude vnb, may Tdt Kdt qua d bang 2 cho thdy, cdc viing didu tra
tiiudc 4 xa ddu cd su phdn bd cua mdy. Tuy nhien. sir da dang lodi la khdng gidng nhau d cdc tidu khu. Q tidu khu 141 thudc xa Binh Didn cd sir phdn bd vd loai mdy Id 12 loai. cd tinh da dang loai ldn nhat tiong cdc tidu khu. Q tidu khu 106 thudc xd Hirong Vdn chi cd su hien didn cua 2 lodi. Trong sd 12 lodi may phdn bd d dia bdn nghien ciiu. mdy nude mo. may ddng vd may ndp gan nhu cd mdt d khdp noi vd ludn chidm uu thd vd sd lupng cd thd trong quan thd mdy. Kdt qua nghien ciru nay khdng chi ddnh gid dupe sir phdn bd ciia cdc loai mdy trong khu vuc, ma cdn lam co sd khoa hpc cho cdc xd lira chpn loai may gdy tidng.
Tinh da dang khdng chi dupe thd hien qua da dang lodi d cdc tidu khu, hay da dang lodi theo don vj hdnh chinh ma cdn dupe thd hidn thdng qua sir phdn bd lodi theo trang thdi tham thuc vat vd dai cao.
3. Da dpng lodi phdn bd theo trpng thdi thdm thuc vdt
a. Trang thii thim thue vit rung sau khai thic ki$t
Trang tiidi ndy cd 9 lodi, ty Id sd khdm ciia cdc lodi thd hidn d bidu dd 1. Trpng thdi tiiam thuc vdt ndy lodi may Tdt, mdy Nude md vd mdy Ddng chidm ty Id ldn, trong dd dang chii y nhat la hai lodi may Tdt va may Nude md cd sd khdm chidm ty Id la 26%.
Kdt qua nay vira thd hidn dupe miic dd da dang vd lodi may vira gdp phan lam co sd cho vide chpn lodi mdy gdy trdng va phdt ti-idn cho ti-ang tiiai tham thuc vdt nay.
• Cull
• Ul
• n u o c m d
• dang
• 'd
• nirac nghi heo
•,ont; VOl
Bidu dd 1. T^ Id cdc lodi rady b trang thdi tiidm tiiuc vdt sau khai thdc kidt
b. Trang thii thim thuv vit rimg phuc hoi Miic dp da dang lodi d trang thai ndy la cao nhat gdm 12 lodi. Didm khac bidt nhat giira tiang thai tham thuc vat rimg phuc hdi so vdi trang thai tham thuc vat sau khai thac kidt dd Id sir xuat hien them mdt sd loai mdy khac nhu mdy Voi. mdy Tre, may Cam. Trong dd mdy Ddng vd mdy Nude md la loai chidm td thdnh cao trong trang thdi tham tiiuc vat ndy (33% vd 26%). Td thdnh lodi mdy ndp chiem ty le 7%. Ty Id td thanh cdc loai d trang thdi ndy the hien qua bidu dd 2.
• cun
• lit
• ruroc m6
• ding
• rJ
• ntracnghe
• IK'O
• song voi
• VOI I iont! Ill ol
Bi^u dd 2. Ty 1^ cdc lodi mdy b trpng thdi rimg phvic hdi
KHOA HbC CbNG NGHfi
c. Trang thii thim thuc vit tiing cd, ciy bui Trang thai nay chi cdn 8/12 lodi, tiong dd lodi may Nude nghe chidm ty Id khd ldn (24%); mdy Tdt, may Nude md vd mdy Ddng van Id cdc lodi chidm ty le thanh phan loai cao (lan lupt la 33%, 18% vd 18% vd so lupng ca thd). Ty le cac khdm mdy ciia cac loai trong tiang thai nay ducx* thd hien d bidu dd 3.
Kdt qua dieu tia da dang phan bd loai d 3 tiang thai tham thuc vat tren ddu cd chung mot dac didm la cac loai may Tat, mdy Nude mo va may Ddng ludn la nhimg loai chidm uu thd. Day la mdt didu kien thuan lpi cho viec gdy trdng, phuc hdi vd phdt tiidn nhirng loai may nay.
Miic dp da dang lodi theo trang tiiai tham thuc vat d khu vuc nghien cim dupe ghi d bang 3.
I cun ii/ii
• nucrc m&
Idetng
• nircrcnghe
• song vol It song mot
Bidu dd 3. Ty Id cdc lodi mdy b trang thdi tidng cd, cdybyi
Bdng 3. Chi sd da dang aia cdc trpng thdm thvrc vdt Chisd
Shannon H' Log Base 10.
Shannon Hniax Log Base 10.
Shannon J*
Simpsons Diversity (D) Simpsons Diversity (1/D)
Rimg phuc bdi 0.792 1.079 0,733 0,208 4,817
Rimg sau khai thdc kiet 0,809
0,954 0.848 0,177 5,636
Trang co. cay bui 0.684 0.903 0.757 0.231 4.325 Trang thai sau khai thdc kiet cd chi sd Shannon
cao nhat (0,809), tidp ddn Id trang thdi rimg phuc hdi (0,792), tiang thdi trang cd cdy bui cd chi sd thdp nhat (0,684). Nhu vdy, d khu vuc rimg sau khai thdc kiet cd miic dp da dang vd ddng deu cao nhat. Trdng CO cay bui cd mue dp da dang vd ddng deu thap nhat Chi sd Simpson D ciia tiang thdi sau khai thdc kietcd chi sd thap nhdt (0,177), tidp ddn Id trang thdi rimg phuc hdi (0,208), vd cao nhat la trang thdi tidng CO, cay bui. Nhu vdy, trang cd cdy bui cd ty Id lodi uu the cao hon so vdi trpng tiidi i-img phuc hdi vd trang tliai sau khai thdc kiet Nhung chi sd 1/D thi ngupe lai, chl sd 1/D tdng dan tir ti-png thdi tiang cd cay bui den rimg phuc hdi rdi ddn trang thai sau khai thdc kiet. Nhu vdy, miic dp da dang d khu vue didu tra ty Id nghich vdi ty Id lodi uu thd trong tiing trang tiidi.
Trong 3 kidu trpng thdi tham tiiuc vat didu ti-a, trang tiiai rimg phuc hdi cd sd lodi mdy cung nhu sd lupng ciia moi lodi nhieu nhat. Dieu nay chiing td rSng, rimg phuc hdi rat tiiich hpp cho sir sinh trudng va phat trien ciia cdc lodi mdy.
4. Da dpng lodi phdn bd theo dai cao
,md,ta phan bd ciia may d dai cao 0-200 fbidu dd 4.
• tit
• nucrc m*
• dang
• ra
• nifcrc nghe
• heo s song .101
Bidu dd 4. T^ Id cdc lodi mdy b dai cao 0-200 m O dai cao tir 0-200 m cd 8 lodi mdy phdn bd, gdm:
mdy Cun, mdy Tdt, mdy Nude mo, mdy Ddng, mdy Ra, mdy Nude nghe, mdy Heo, Song voi. Sd lupng khdm ciia cdc lodi Id Ididc nhau, nhung lodi chidm ty le ldn Id mdy Nude md, may Tdt, may Ddng. Lodi mdy chidm ty le td tiidnh tiiap Id song mat,, mdy heo, mdy rd.
Ddc didm phdn bd ciia mdy tai dai cao tir 200400 in dupe thd hien d bidu dd 5.
1 2 acLiii
• tot
• nuo'cmfi'
• ding
• ra
• nucrc nghe
• heo
«song voi 4 song mjt
Bidu dd 5. T^ Id cdc lodi mdy d dai cao 200 - 400 m
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 3/2012 81
cy dai cao tir 200-400 m cd 9 lodi mdy phan bd, ciia chi sd Shannon d cdc dai cao cd sir chdnh l^ch gdm: mdy Cun, may Tdt, mdy Nude md, mdy Ddng, khdng ldn, ndn cd thd ndi rdng su da dpng ve loai b mdy Ra, mdy Nude nghd, mdy Heo, Song voi va Song cdc dai cao it cd su thay ddi, cdc lodi dudng nhu phan mdt. Td thdnh cdc lodi Id khde nhau, cd 3 lodi phdn bd ddu theo dai cao. Chi mpt sd it loai xudt hidn rieng bd nhidu, gdm: mdy Nude md, mdy Ddng, mdy Rd. theo timg dai cao.
Thdnh phdn cdc lodi mdy da dang bon b dai cao 0-200 m Id 1 lodi. Ty Id cdc lodi mdy khdng sai khde nhidu so vdi ty Id cdc lodi mdy d dai cao 0-200 m. 6 dai cao 200 400 m, mdy Nude nab vdn Id lodi cd ty Id cao nhat, tidp tiieo la mdy Ddng vd may Rd.
Chi sd Simpson D d cdc dai cao tdng dan theo dp cao cua cdc dai cao. Thdp nhdt la dai cao 0-200 m
(0,212), ddn dai cao 200400 m (0,219), cao nhat la dai cao 4 0 0 ^ 0 m (0,238). Nhu vdy, ty Id lodi chidm uu thd tiong cdc dai cao tdng ddn theo dp cao. Cdng Su da dang vd thdnh phdn lodi mdy tai dai cao tir len cao, lodi uu thd cdng chidm ty Id cao.
400-600 m du\rc tiid bidn <V bidu dd 6.
• nuOcmA
• d(ng
• rJ
• heo
• vol
• song m i l
• niJvlrc i i u y u m
Chi sd Simpson 1/D lai ngupe vdi chi sd D, giam ddn theo sir tdng dd cao. Nhu vdy, dp cao cdng thap thi cdng cd nhidu lodi.
5. Khd ndng thich iimg cua mdt sd lodi mdy phdn bdd dai cao 0-200 m
Dd gdp phdn 1dm co sd cho vide chpn lodi gay trdng phii hpp vdi timg dai cao, timg trpng thdi tham thuc vdt vd xdc dinh tuong quan giiira vimg phdn bd sinb thdi vd tinh thich iing ciia loai cdy bidu thi qua ty Id sdng vd sinh trudng ciia cdc lodi, dd thi nghiem trdng rimg vdi 3 ldn ldp lai cho mdi lodi, moi ldn lap trdng 50 cdy. Kdt qua ddnh gid ty Id sdng sau 5 thdng trdng ciia 4 lodi mdy dupe thd hidn d bang 5.
Bdng 5. Ty Id sdng cua 4 lodi mdy sau 5 thdng ti^ng Bidu dd 6. Ty Id cdc lodi mdy b dai cao 40(>600 m
O dai cao tir 400-600 m cd 9 lodi mdy phdn bd, gdm: mdy Nude md, mdy Ddng, mdy Ra, mdy Heo, Song voi, mdy Voi, Song mat, mdy Tre, mdy Cdm. 6 dai cao ndy xuat hidn mdt sd loai khde, nhu voi dd, may nude dd, song nhd. Tuy nhidn, sd lupng ciia nd it nhieu khac nhau, cd 3 lodi phdn bd nhidu la: mdy Ddng, mdy Nude md, may Heo.
Sd lupng lodi didu tra dupe d 3 dai cao bidn ddng tir 8- 9 lodi may. Tuy nhidn, cd su sai khde nhau vd
tiidnh phdn lodi vd ty Id to tiidnh cdc lodi mdy. Cdc Kdt qua d bang 5 cho tiiay ty Id sdng cua 4 lodi la lodi mdy phdn bd khdng ddu, chidm uu tiid nhat ^^^ "hau, cao nhat mdy Tdt (88%), mdy Nude mo
Lodi
Chi ueu
Tdng sd cay sdng cua 3 ldn lap
Ty le sdng (%)
Mdy Tdt
132 88.0
May Niroc mP
88 58,6
Mdy Heo 45 30.0
May Dang
45 30.0
trong ca 3 dai cao van Id mdy Nude md, mdy Ddng, mdy tdt (mdy Ndp). Ddc bidt, d dai cao 400600 m cd su tdng dot bidn vd ty 1$ ciia mdy Ddng.
Dd kidm tra mue dp da dpng loai theo dai cao d khu vuc nghidn cim dd thidt ldp bang 4.
Bdng 4. Chi sd da dpng theo dai cao
Chisd
Shannon H' Log Base 10 Simpsons Diversity (D) Simpsons Diversity (1/D)
0-200 m 0,744 0,212 4,726
200400 m 0,764 0,219 4,56
400600 01 0,738 0,238 4,193
(58,6%) vd mdy Heo, mdy Ddng cd ty Id sdng tiiap (30%). Dua vdo kdt qua didu tra muc dd phdn bd ciia cdc lodi d dai cao 0-200 m cho thay, mdy Nude md chidm ty Id 29%, mdy Tdt chidm 25%, la nhiing loai chidm td thdnh cao d dai cao nay, may Heo vd may Ddng chidm ty Id td thanh thap hon. Didu ndy cho thdy rdng, cd sy tuong quan nhat dinh giua vimg phdn bd tdp trung cua loai va ty Id sdng ciia loai trdng b viing lap dja dd.
Bdng 6. Tdng trudng chi^u cao dinh k^ 5 thdng ciia Nhdn xet: chi sd Shannon d dai cao 200400 m cd
gid tii cao nhat (0,764), tidp ddn Id dai cao O200 m (0,744), cdn dai cao 400-600 m cd gid tq thdp nhat.
Nhu vdy, miic dd da dpng d dai cao 200400 m Id cao nhat, tidp ddn Id dai cao O200 m. Miic dp da dpng thap nhat Id dai cao 400-600 m. Tuy nhidn, cdc gid tii
cdc
^^^-^^Loai Ldnlap"^\
1 2 3 TB
lodinii^
Mdy Ndp 14,8 15,2 17 15,7
iy GE)on vi t Mdy Nudcm&
13 13,6 12,6 13
Inh cm) Mdy Heo 6,6
10 6 7,5
May Dang
5,6 6,0 5,2
5,6
i
KHOA HOC CbNG NGHfi
Qua phdn tich phuong sai da thu dupe kdt qua:
Frinh = 41,4 > Fo5 = 4,7, chiing td cd su khde bidt vd kha ndng tdng trudng chidu cao ciia cdc lodi mdy tidng b dai cao ndy.
Bang 6 cho thay, hai lodi may ndp vd mdy Nude mo cd lupng tdng trudng chidu cao ldn. Dd tim ra loai may cd khd ndng smh trudng tdt nhdt khi dupe tidng tien khu vuc nghien ciiu da diing tieu chudn t de kidm tia. Kdt qua thu dupe Id: t^^i, = 4,2 > tos = 2,9, chiing to cd su khde bidt vd lupng tdng trudng chidu cao ciia hai lodi ndy. Do dd lodi mdy Tdt Id lodi cd lupng tdng trudng, sinh trudng cao nhat. Vi vdy, ndu dira vao kha ndng sinh trudng dd chpn lodi thi nen chpn loai mdy Tdt de trdng tai khu vue nghien ciru Id phii hpp nhat Dua vdo ddc diem phdn bd, ty le sdng, sinh trudng vd gid tri kinh td ciia cdc lodi cho thay, loai may Tdt can dupe phdt tridn, gdy trdng d dai cao 0-200 m, nhdm vira cung cap nguydn hdu mdy cho thi tnrdng, tdng them thu nhdp cho ngudi ddn, vira cd thd lam tdng kha ndng phdng hd cua rimg d luu vuc song Bd.
Kdt qua ddnh gid phdn bd lodi may theo dai cao cho thay, thuc tidn sdn xuat can lua chpn cdc lodi may de bao tdn vd phdt tridn d dai cao O200 m Id mdy Nude mo, may Nude nghe, mdy Tdt, may ddng; d dai cao 20O 400 m Id may Nude md, mdy Ddng; d dai cao 400- 600 m la mdy Nude md, may Ddng.
Dd ndng cao chat lupng cdc khdm mdy, rimg may d khu vuc ndy can thuc hidn cdc bidn phdp khoanh nudi, bao vd, xuc tidn tdi sinh tu nhidn, phuc hoi rimg vd khai thdc mdy dung qui trinh ky thuat.
Day la co sd cho vide ndng cao hidu qua kinh td vd hieu nang phdng hd ciia rimg d vimg dau ngudn song Bd tinh Thira Thidn - Hud.
IV. KET LUAN
Tinh da dpng vd loai mdy d khu vuc nghidn ciiu la kha cao. Dieu nay dupe thd hien rd net thdng qua cac chi tidu: (i)- tong sd loai may ldn tdi 12 lodi, tiiudc 4 chi; (ii)- so lodi may khd cao d cac trang tiiai tham thirc vat (rimg sau khai tiidc kidt - 9 lodi, rimg phuc hdi -12 loai, tiang cay bui va trang cd - 8 lodi); sd loai mdy khd cao d cdc dai cao (0 - 200 m cd 8 lodi, 200 - 400 m cd 9 lodi, 400 - 600 m cd 9 lodi).
Phdn bd cua mdy khd ddu theo khdng gian: theo ti-png thdi tiiam tiiuc vat (8 -12 lodi), theo dai dp cao (8-9 lodi).
Cd sir tuong quan nhat dinh giua td thdnh lodi, vimg phdn bd sinh thdi vdi kha ndng thich iing ciia lodi mdy. 6 vung lodi mdy phan bd nhidu, ty le sdng vd lupng tdng trudng ciia mdy trdng cao hon so vdi vimg cd it lodi mdy phdn bd. Dua vdo ddc didm phdn bd, ty Id sdng, sinh trudng vd gid tri kmh td ciia cdc lodi mdy cho thdy, lodi mdy Tdt (Calamus tetiadactylus Hance) cd mire dp thich iing cao hon ca vdi didu kidn ldp d}a d dai cao 0 - 200 m.
TAI UEUTHAM KHAO
1. Vu van Dung vd Ld Huy Cudng, 1996. Diiu tia thinh phan vi phin bd cic loii Miy song a Viit Nam. Vien Didu tra Quy hopch Rimg.
2. Pham Vdn Didn (2010, chu nhiem). Nghiin cuu ky thuit chon gidng vi tiong thim canh Miy dudi tin rung a cic vung sinh thii. Bdo cdo di tdi cap Bd. Bd NN vd PTNT, Hd Ndi 2010.
3. Phpm Vdn Dien (chii bidn), Nguydn Qudc Dung, Nguydn Minh Thanh, Biii Thd Ddi, 2011. Ky
thuat bio ton vi phit trien tii nguyin song miy a Viet Nam. NXB Ndng nghiep, Hd Ndi.
4. Niin giim Thdng ki 2009. UBND huydn Huong Trd.
5. Dai hpc Qudc gia Hd Ndi. Danh luc cic loii tiiuc vit Viet Nam. NXB Ndng nghidp Hd Ndi, 2005.
6. Pham Hodng Hd, 1999. Ciyed Viet Nam. NXB Tre, TPHd Chi Minh.
7. Tran Cdng Huydn, 2007. Song miy tiidi hoi nhip. Bdo Cdng tiiuong didn tii ngdy 25/5/2008.
8. Nguydn Hodng Nghia, Tran Quang Vidt vd Nguydn Quang Khai, 2000. Song miy nguon tii nguyin quy caa Viit Nam, Vidn Khoa hpc Lam nghidp Viet Nam.
9. Nguydn Nghia Thin, 1991. Cic loii miy song caa Viet Nam. Tpp chi Lam nghiep 11/1991.
N6NG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON
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KY2 - THANG 3/2012
83BIODIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF RATTAN SPECIES IN BO RIVER WATERSHED, 'ITiUA THIEN - HUE PROVINCE
Dang Thai Duong Summary
Our investigation took places in four coninnines locating on seven compartments in Bo river watershed detennined 12 rattan species, which belong to four genuses (Calamus, Plectocomia, Korthalsia, Daemonorops). Among species distributed in the study sites, Calamus has eight species showing densely distiibution. Tliere are nine rattan spei ies distributing in forests of exhausted exploitation state, among which species are most numerous as Calamus tetraductylus (28%). Calamus ceratophorus (28%) and
Calamus walkeri (19%). Tluic aic 12 rattan s|)ecies distributing in n^habilitation forest state, among which species are most numerous as Calamus ceratophorus (28%) and Calamus walkeri (33%). There are eight rattan species distributing in grassland and shrub state, among which s[)ecies are most numerous are Calamus teUaductylus (18%), Calamus ceratophorus (33%), Calamus walkeri (18%) and Daemonorops jenkinsiana (24%). Tliere are 8 rattan spec ies distributing at the altitude level of 0-200 m. among which species are most numerous are Calamus tetiaductylus (25%), Calamus ceratophorus (29%), Calamus
walkeri (21%) and Daemonorops jenkinsiana (13%). At the altitude level of 200400 m, there are 9 rattan species, among which species are most numerous as Calamus ceratophorus (37%) and Calamus walkeri
(2M). At the alUtudc level of 400 600 m, there are nine rattan spec ies, among which species are most numerous as Calamus ceratophorus (42%), Calamus walkeri (18%) and Calamus rhabdocladus (16%). The study also identified that, there may be certain correlation between species composition, naturally ecological distribution with their adaptation level. The higher survival proportion of rattan and higher increment happened in the places where rattan distributes naturally with high contribution in composiUon.
Based on the distribution feature, survival rate, growth features and economic values of every specific rattan species, it is considerable tiiat Calamus tetiadactylus is the most suitable with the natural condition of this area. This is one of scientific foundations for planting this species in the watershed.
Key words: Distribution characteristic, rattan. Bo river, diversity.
Ngudi phan bidn: PGS.TS. Phpm Vdn Didn
