Luong Van Hinh vd cs Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 71(9): 107- 1 1 1
NGHIEN CUU NANG SUAT v A P H A M C H A T CUA MOT SO GIONG LUA C H A T
LUONG CAO TAI HUYEN THANH BA TINH PHU THO
Luong Van Hinh", Nguyin Thj Kim Giang
Dai hpc Thai Nguyen. 'Trirdng Trung hpc Ndng Ldm nghiep I'hii I hp
I OM T A T
Thi nghiem nghien ciiu voi 5 giong liia BTI3, TQ08, VSl, Huong c6m 2 vii Nang hoa 9. Su dung giong HTI va giong Khang dan 18 lam doi chirng.
Cac giong tham gia thi nghiem deu co thai gian sinh truong ngan va tuang duong voi 2 giong doi chirng la HTI. Khang Dan 18 va phii hgp trong ca cau vu xuan va vu miia gieo trong tai dia phuong. Giong BT13 va VSl cho nang suat cao nhat cao hon 2 giong doi chirng o' ca vu miia nam 2009 vavu xuan 2010.
Cac giong co chat lu'O'ng gao kha, cam tham. mem deo la VSl. Nang hoa 9 va Huang Com 2.
Giong VSl vugt troi han cac giong tham gia thi nghiem ca nang suat vii chat lugng.
Til' khoa: chdt lugng cao, he thdng, lieu chudn .qui trinh. ndng sudt . DAT VAN DE
Nhung nam gan day. nang sual va sim lugng liia cua toiin mien Biic kha on djnh. Tuy nhien, giong lua su dung trong san xuat chii yiiu villi hi Kluing Diin 18 vii Q5, Cac giong nay cho san lugng cao, nhung cliiil lugng gao chua dugc ngon, gia trj thap. Hien nay, ty li§
gao chat lugng cao. gao thom cho xuiil khau va nhu ciiu lieu dimg ngi dja van con it. Viet Nam CO san lugng gao xual khau Ion, nhung van phai nhap khau gao ngon. Dc gop pluin nang cao gia trj thu nhap cho nguoi trong liia, dong thai niing cao gia trj san xuat Iren don vj dien lich dat canh tac, nhieu dja phuong da lich cue dua cac giong liia moi chiit lugng cao viio khao nghiem de nhiin rgng.
riianh Ba la mgt huyen niim a phia lay bac cua linh Phii Thg, voi dien tich tu nhien la 19,484,9 ha; Irong do dien lich dat nong nghiep la 14.417,97 ha chiem 74% dien lich dat lu nhien, dien lich trong liia va cac cay hang niim la: 5.785,54 ha chiem 40,13%) dien tich diit iu3ng nghiep [2], Trong nhung nam giin diiy, niing suiit liia ciia huyen khong ngirng dugc tang len. Tuy nhien, de dap irng dugc nhu cau san xual thi ca cau giong can 'Tel 0913027586
dirge bo sung hang nam. Hien nay, Co' ciiu giong lua ciia huyen chu yen van la Kluing Dan 18. 0 5 , Boi Tap Son Thanh, Nhj Uu 838.
HTI. Ll'2. De tai lien liiinli nhiini lao ra giong Ilia CO nang suiit cao, chat lugng tot de bo sung viio CO' can giong liia dap irng yeu eiiu sail xuiit ciia huyen Thanh Ba noi rieng vii ciia tinh Phil 33ig noi chung.
DOI TUONG VA PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU
Doi lugng nghien ciru: Thi nghiem nghien cim voi 5 gidng kia: BTI3, TO08. VSl.
Huong com 2, Nimg hoa 9. Sir dung giong HTI va giong Khang Dan 18 liim doi chimg.
De tai thuc hien a truong Trung bgc Nong lam nghiep Phii Thg, huyen Thanh Ba, linh Phil Thg. Thi nghiem bo tri tren chan dat 2 vu Ilia chii dgng nuoc, nam trong cong thirc luiin canh Liia xuan- Liia miia som- Ngo dong Thi nghiem dugc bo tri theo khoi ngau nhien hoan chinh voi 3 lan nhac lai; dien lich 6 thi nghiem la 10 in".
Cac chi tieu va pbuong phap nghien ciru dugc tien hanh theo Quy pham khao nghiem giong quoc gia 10 TCN- 558- 2002 [I] vii He thong lieu chuan danh gia cay liia - Vien nghien ciru Ilia qudc t l IRRI [3].
107
Lu'onij Van Hinh vd cs Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 71(9): 107- 111 KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
Dac di§m sinh tru-ong phat trien va nang suat cua cac giong Iiia tham gia thi nghiem Mgt so dac diem sinh truang phat Irien cua cac gi6ng lua tham gia thi nghiem duge trinh bay 6' bang I. O vu miia 2009, tuoi ma liic cay la 15 ngay, TGST ciia cac giong tham gia thi nghiem dao dgng tir 100 - 105 ngay. Vu xuan 2010, tuoi ma liic cay la 20 ngay (dgt 3.0 - 3.5 Idy, TGST cac giong kia Iham gia thi nghiem tir 128-133 ngay. Giong co TGST ngan nhat la gi6ng VSl, tiep den la giong BTI3 va Khang Dan 18.
Cac gi6ng liia tham gia thi nghiem co so nhanh de Irung binh {tir 10- 20 danh/khdm), nhin chung kha nang de nhanh ciia cae giong Ilia tham gia thi nghiem khac nhau la khong dang ke. Nghien ciiu chieu cao cay cho thay.
cac giong deu co chieu cao cay irung binh. co sir khac nhau giira cac giong; a vu miia giong Khang Dan 18 (doi chirng 2) co chieu cao cay thap nhat, cao nhat la giong HTI (doi chirng
I).Cae giong thi nghiem deu eo chieu cao cay thiip hon doi chimg 1 va cao hon doi chiing 2 6' do tin ciiy 95% Irong do giong VSl c6 chieu cao cay thap nhiil.
Ket qua nghien ciru cac yeu to cau thanh nang suiit va nang suat ciia cac giong tham gia thi nghiem dugc the hien a bang 2 va 3. Qua bang 2 va bang 3 la thay, khong co sir sai
khac vS s6 bong huu bieu/khom ciia ciic giong tham gia thi nghiem. Cac yeu to con lai nhu s6 hat ch4c/b6ng, ty le lep, trgng lugng 1000 hat ciia cac gi6ng tham gia thi nghi(?m co sir sai khac a do tin cay 95%o. Giong doi chirng 2( Khang dan 18) co so hat chac/bong cao nh§t 6 vu xuan. Giong BTI3 va VSl co so hat ch5c/ bong cao ban doi chiing 1 va thap hon doi chirng 2. Cac giong con lai deu co so hat chac/ bong th4p hon ca 2 doi chirng. Ve ty le lep, gi6ng VSl co ty le lep thap nhiil a ca 2 vu. GiSng Huang com 2 co ly le lep cao nhat 6' ca 2 vu.
Nghien ciru ve nang sual cho thay; cac giong Huong C6m 2, TQ08 va Nang Hoa 9 deu cho nang suit thSp hon 2 giong doi chiing a ca 2 vu. Gi6ng VSl va BTI3 cho nang suat cao hon 2 giong doi chirng d ca 2 vu.
Cac chi tieu ve chat liro'ng cac giong iiia thi nghiem
Nghien ciru ve chat lugng gao ciia cac giong tham gia thi nghiem cho thay; cac giong deu CO hinh dang gao thon dai, Khang Diin 18 co hinh dang gao trung binh. Ty le gao xat dat lir 66,3 d6n 71,6%. Ty le gao nguyen dat tir 51.5- 89,6%o a ca 2 vu. Gidng BT13 va TQOS cd do bac bung it (<!()%). Cac gidng cdn lai khdng cd bac bung. Mau sac gao lat cac gidng deu trang trong. ,
Bangl. Dac diem sinh truang phat trien ciia cac giong liia tham gia thi nghiem
T l
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Ten giong
HI 1 (d/c 11 B l 13 'LQ08 VSl
Lhrorng Com 2 Niing Hoa 9 Khang Dan 18(d/c2)
CV%
l,SI)05
Thoi gian Vu miia 2009
102 102 102 102 105 105 103 ,
sinh tru Vu
ong xuan 2010
133 130 130 128 130 130 128
Chieu cao cay (cm) Vu mua 2009
117.03 110.73 11 1.27
106.8 11 1.07 107.27
100.4 1.40 2.69
Vu xuan2010 102.00
95.93 95.07 91.33 95,00 94.00 96.07 0.90
1.46
108
Luang Van Hinh vd cs Tap chi KHOA HOC &. CONG NGHE 71(9): 107- 1 1 1 Bang 2. Cac yeu to cau thanh nang suat cac giong liia a vu miia nam 2009
Giong lua Bong T6ngs6 S6 hat chSc/ Ti le lep PlOOOhat NSLT NSTT hh/khom hat/ bong bong (%) (gam) Ta/ha Ta/ha
H T I (d/c 1) B 1 I 3
1008 V S l Hmmg Com Naiig 1 loa 9 Khang Dan C V % 1,SD05
2
18(d/c2)
4.93 5.00 4.73 4,93 4.27 4.60 5.00 5.90 0.50
189.47 227.67 196.33 171.93 168.27 139.93 203.47 4.10 13.12
137.47 165.67 154.67 150.0 120.6 103.93 158.13 5.30 13.40
27.5 27.23 21.19 18.22 28.37 18.58 22.27 6.10 2.17
21.07 18.6:' 20.53 20.8 23.40 23.87 18.73 1-60 0.60
63.97 69.64 68.62 69,40 54.07 51.27 66.60 8.50 9.77
52.5 60.9 49.1 52.7 42.7 45.9 55.6 4.70 4.35
Bang 3. Cac yeu to cau thanh nang suat ciia cac giong lua a vu xuan nam 2010
Giong Ilia
nri(d/ci)
B113 IQ()8 VSl
1 hr(»ng com 2 Nang hoa 9 Khang dan 18(d/c2) C V " M ,
l.Sl)05
B o n g H H / khom
4,73 4.60 4.60 4.93 4.53 4.20 4.67 7.30 0.60
Tong so hat/ bong
204.93 221.67 202.40 194.60 178.53 175.67 220.60 3.40 12.09
So hat chac/bong
160.27 176.27 1 58.93 161.07 128.20 136.33 191.53 4.90 14.02
T i le lep
(%)
21.71 20.47 21,47 17.41 28.20 22.26 13.03 9.20 3.35
PIOOO hat (gam) 23.67 21.00 22.67 23.00 25.67 24.33 19.33 2.30 0.92
N S L T Ta/ha 80.63 79.95 74.34 83.63 67.04 62.67 77.70 4.7 6.26
N S T T Ta/ha 57.04 57.X3 55.63 57.58 47.99 48.81 57.42 4.20 4,10
Bang4. Mot so chi tieu danh giii chat lugng gao qua xay xat
Vu
Mua 2009
Giong
H I l ( d / c l )
B I I 3 1008 V S l 1 lircrng Com 2
Nang 1 loa 9 Khang I ) a n l 8 ( d / c 2 )
Dang hinh g.ao xay
I'hon dai Lhon dai Then dai Thon dai Lhon dai 1 hon dai 1 rung binh
Ty le gao xat
%
69.1 69.5 67.1 69,4 69.1 66.3 69,8
T y le gao nguyen
76.0 73.9 51.5 75.4 61.2 58.5 70.2
Do bac bung
Khong CO
it it
Khong CO Khong CO Khong CO Khong CO
M a u sac gao lai rang Irong rang irong rang Irong rang trong rang UonLi raiig Irong rang Irong
109
L u o n g Van Hinh vd cs Tap chi K H O A H O C & C O N G N G H E 7 1 ( 9 ) ; 1 0 7 - 111
Xuan 2010
HTI (d/c 1) BTI 3 TO08 VSl Huang Com 2
Nang Hoa 9 Khani;
Danl8(d/c2)
Lhon dai Lhon dai Then dai Thon dai Lhon dai Thon dai Trung binh
70.6 70.4 71.6 71.2 69.7 68.3 70.2
87,8 76,7 72,7 85,8 77,6 77,0 89,6
Khong CO it it Khong CO Khong CO Khong CO Khong CO
Trang irong 1 rang Irong Trang trong Trang trong Trang Irong Irang trong Frang trong
Bang 5. Mot s6 chi tieu danh gia chit lugng gao qua chi bien
Vu Gi6ng Huong thom Do deo Vi dam Do ngon
HTI (d/c 1) 2 3 3 Ngon '• BT13 0 0 3 Trung binh
T008 0 0 2 Trung binh
Miia 2009 VSl 2 3 3 Ngon Hirong C6m 2 2 3 - 2 ' Ngon
Nang Hoa 9 2 3 3 Ngon Khansi Danl8(d/c2) 0 1 3 Trung binh
lLH(d/cl) 2 3 3 ngon Bl 13 0 0 3 Trung binh
rO08 0 0 2 1 rung binh
Xuan2010 VSl 2 3 3 ' ngon
Huang Com 2 2 3 2 ' ngon
Nang Hoa 9 2 3 3 ngon Khang Dan 18(d/c2) 0 1 3 Trung binh
Bang 6. Danh gia chiit lugng gao theo chi lieu sinh hoa
TT Giong Ham lu'ong Amyloza(%) Ham lu'ong Protein (%)
20.2 7,9 26.6 7,6 26.3 7,5 20.6 7,5 17,2 7,8 14,8 7,7 25.5 7.3 (Phdn lich mdu ggo lai I ien klioa hpc Ndng Idm nghiep mien niii phia Bdc)
no
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
i i r i ( d / c i ) BTI 3
"LO08 VSl
1 lirong com 2 Nang hoa 9
Khang dan 18(d/c2)
Luang Van Hinh Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 71(9): 107- 1 1 Do thom cua com sau khi nau chin dugc danh
gia bang each cho diem, cac gidng V S l , Huang Com 2, N a n g Hoa 9 va HTI dat 3 diem va dugc danh gia la thom. Cac gidng Khang Dan I 8, BTI 3 va T Q 0 8 d u g c danh gia la khdng Ihoiii.
Do deo; Cac gidng H T I , H u o n g Cdm 2, Nang Hoa 9 va VS I d u g c danh gia la rat deo diem 3 tuong d u o n g vdi ddi chirng I. Cac gidng
B T I 3 , TQ08 d u g c danh gia la khdng deo diem 0. Gidng Khang Diin 18 (ddi chirng 2) dugc danh gia la trung binh diem I. Vi dam cua com cac gidng thi nghiem khdng thay ddi d ca 2 vu. Cac gidng T Q 0 8 va H u o n g Cdm 2 dugc danh gia d mirc Irung binh (diem 2). cac gidng cdn lai d u g c danh gia dat diem 3 (dam) luong duong vdi 2 gidng ddi chimg,
Ket qua phan tich bang 6 eho thay hiun lugng Protein eiia cac gidng tham gia thi nghiem deu cao tren 7% (lir 7,3-7,0 %). Ham lugng amyloza ciia cae gidng N a n g Hoa 9 vii Huong com 2 d mirc thiip; gidng V S l va HTI d mirc trung binh; cac gidng T Q 0 8 , Khang Diin I 8 vii B ' r i 3 d mire cao.
KET LUAN
- Ciic gidng Iham gia lhi nghiem deu cd Ihdi gian sinh tru'dng ngiin va tirong dirong vdi 2
gidng ddi chimg lii H T I . Khang Diin 18 va phii hgp cho trong c a cau vu xuan va vu miia gieo trdng tai dia p h u o n g
- Gidng B T I 3 va gidng VSl cho niing suat cao nhat, cac gidng cdn lai cho nang suat thap hon 2 gidng ddi chimg.
- Ve chat lugng gao; cd 3 gidng dat chat lugng gao kha - com thom. mem deo lii V S l . Nang hoa 9 va H u o n g cdm 2. Gidng B T I 3 va gidng T Q 0 8 chat lugng gao trung binh. coin khdng deo va khdng Ihoni. Gidng V S l cd uu the ve ca nang suat va chat lugng so vdi cac gidng Ilia tham gia thi nghiem.
TAI LIEU T H A M K H A O
[1]. Bo Nong nghiep vii Phat trien nong thon (2004). Quy pham khao nghiem giong liia quoc gia lOTCN-558-2002
[2]. Phong thong ke huyen Ihanh Ba, Nien giam thong ke nam 2009 huyen Lhanh Ba, linh Phii 'Lho [3J.Vien nghien ciru liia quoc li (IRRI) (1996), He thong lieu chuan danh gia ciiy liia .P.O Box933.1099, Philippines
S U M M A R Y
R E S E A R C H ON IMPROVEIVIENT O F P R O D U C T I V I T Y O F HIGH Q U A L I T Y RICE V A R I E T I E S IN T H A N H BA DISTRICT, PHU T H O P R O V I N C E
Luong Van Hinh', Nguyen Thi Kim Giang Thai Nguven t'niversily. Intermediate School ofAgriculliire and l-Dreslry I'hii iho
5 rice varieties were used in this study. They are BTI3. TQOS. VSl, Huong com2, and Nang hoa 9. HTI and Khang dan 18 were used as control.
All varieties in the experiment have a short growing period and they were similar with two contiol varieties, namely HTI and Khang Dan 18. These varieties are suitable for local in spring and winter seasons.
The BTI3 and VSl have the highest yield, which is higher than that of HTI and Khang dan 18 on the winter rice 2009 and spring rice 2010. Three ofthem are VSl, Nang Hoa 9, Huong com 2 have high quality in term ofsotlness and taste,..
The productivity and quality of the VSl were better than other varieties of the research.
Key words: Highest ipiality: .System: Standard: Process; Productivity.
lei 09I302''586
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