CO LUU LUONG THAY TOI UU HOA CHE DO VAN HANH HE THONG LANH TRUNG TAM CHILLER

1 8 * NLN-119'9/2014

^ T l l

TOI UU HOA CHE DO VAN HANH HE THONG LANH TRUNG TAM CHILLER CO LUU LUONG THAY DO!

ThS. N G U Y E N DJNH V j N H * , P G S . T S K H . N G U Y E N V A N M A N H , D H B a c h K h o a Ha Npi Bai bio trinh bay phirang phip mo hinh hoa dac tinh tieu hao nang luung cua cic thiit bj va cijm thiit bi trong he thing lanh trung tam chiller tren ca so mo hinh dang ham tran tirng khdc va dwa tren thuat toan toi wu hoa vwat khe. Ddng thdi thiit lap va giai bai toan toi wu hda phan phoi phu tii cija tirng cum thiit bi trong he thing di phit huy hieu qua tdi wu hda chi do vin hanh cua he thing Cd minh hoa vi du ip dung thw.

d quy trinh van hanh vd e h l dp phan p h i i phy tai tir TLTT d i n hp tieu thyPhan p h i i phu tai t h i hien d can b l n g nang l u g n g giua ngudn cung (TLTT) va cac hp tieu thu hay phu tai. Can bang nang lugng nay tfii hien b l n g luu lugng n u d e lanh/nudc ndng d p den cho t h i l t bj x u ly khdng khi tip tram lanh trung tam Phy tai trong khdng gian d i l u hda t h i hien g s y thay ddi nhiet dp, dp I m d u d i tae dpng cua mdi tafdng xung quanh va not tai trong khdng gian d i l u hda. Phu tai nay phu thudc vao n h i l u y l u td khach quan (dilu kien thdi tilt, mua) vd ehu quan (may mde, con ngudi... trong khdng gian d i l u hda) cung nhu tinh d i n g that gii>a cdc y l u t l nay, do vay phy tai la lufln thay ddi theo ngdy/gid, mtia trong ca nam cung nhu e h l dp hoat dpng bdn tai la ehu y l u (hinh 2) Do d6, c h i dp phan phdi va d i l u chmh phu tai trong TLTT chiller phii hap se q u y l t djnh chi tieu tieu hao nang luang cua ca he thong.

I. DAT VAN D e

He thong d i l u hda khdng khi tmng tam (HTDHKKTT) chiller Id mpt mang nhiet phu'c hgp bao gdm n h i l u yianh p h i n c l u thanh va cd hoat ddng lien dpng chat che vdi nhau [1,2,3]. Tdm t i t c l u tnic va phan loai HTDHKKTT chiller d u g c t h i hien d' Hinh 1. Hai thanh p h i n chinh cua HTDHKK trung tam la tram lanh tnjng tam (TLTT) ( bao g I m may ianh trung tam chiller, bam, thap giai nhiet.,,) va hp tieu thu hay phu tai (khdng gian d i l u hda hay t h i l t bj xi> ly khdng khi. AHU, FCU,,.). Lien dong giija hai thanh p h i n chinh nay la he thdng d u d n g dng phan phdi nudc/chit tai Ignh, he t h i n g dien, dien d i l u khiln phLHc hgp.

Hogt dong cua TLTT chiller ndi rieng va ca HTDHKKTT not ehung la s u lien ddng giiua can b l n g vat c h i t va can b l n g nang lugng dang dpng eiia cac thanh p h i n thilt bi trong he t h i n g . Nd d u g c t h i hien

HMhdnglcfuo'ngonggiD He thdng liru lupng gto khdng doi

H# thong li/u lirgmg ni/dc khong di Hethongli/uli/oing ni/dcihaydoi H«,l,6ngi,6lngi,»c »^'>',^^3 6^tmg | H e * o „ g 4 d L r 0 n 6

IHinh 1. Tom tit ciu true vi phan loai he thong diiu hda khdng khi trung tam chiller

NLN* 119-s/2014* 19

Hinh 3 the hien cac sa do cau true diln hinh he thong du-o-ng ong nLPac lanh trong TLTT chiller. B 6 I vd-i TLTT chiller the hi0n tdm t i t trong co cac dae diem:

- Luon CO cac thilt bj hoac cum thiet bj hoat dpng song song d i n g thd'i;

- Su dgng che do phan phdi d i u phu tai giOa cac cum thiet bj lam vide song song; giij'a eac chiller, giua cac bam, giua cae thap giai nhiet..

- Vipe dilu chinh nang suit lanh eua mdy lanh trung tam chiller blng thay ddi dp chenh nhiet dp nudc Ipnh d p va hdi d l phu hgp vdt phu tai lanh;

- Tidu hao nang luang (THNL) cua bam nudc Ignh, bam nudc giai nhiet (hinh 3a)j bom nudc lanh sa cip (Hinh 3a) ludn khdng doi cho du he thing chpy ban tai hay dly tai.

THNL trong TLTT chiller khdng ehi bao gdm THNL eua ban than chiller ma cdn ca THNL cua cdc thilt bi thanh phin trong he thing, nhu bam nudc lanh, bam nudc giai nhiet, thap giai nhiet,

V.V. C h i dp phan phii phy tai d i u chT tdi uu khi dpe tuyin nang lugng eua cac thilt bj la giong nhau, nhung se khdng tdi uu trong trudng hgp dgc tuyin nang lugng eua cae thilt bi da khdc nhau vi dy do hao mdn theo theo thdi gian. Vipe dilu chinh nang suit Ipnh cua tram lanh chi ttieo dp chenh nhiet dp eung lam cho TtjNL cua cac thilt bi thanh phin tang len dang k l khi chay d- chi dp ban tai. Viee ap dung sa dd luu lugng nude thay ddi va duy tri dp elienh nhiet dp hli/elp cd dinh (hinh 3c) se gdp phin ddng k l vao vi$c giam THNL khi he thing chay d ehl dp bdn tai.

Do do, viee nghien cu'u dae tuyin THNL cua tifng thilt bt va cum thilt bj song song la giai dogri diu cin thilt cho viec giai bai toantdi uu hoa ehl dp lam viec va phdn phdi phu tai tdi uu eua TLTT eiiiller. Phuang phap xae djnh dgc tinh nang lugng cua tieng thilt bi va eym thilt bj iam vipe song song trong bai bao nay la bai toan md hinh hda dya tren cdc sd lieu thing ke v l qua trinh vgn hanh cua cae TLTT chiller.

45000 40000 15000 iOOOO 25000 20000 15000 10000

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Hinh 2. Phij tai l$nh (kWh) cua HTDHKKTT chiller tda nha Mipec Complex thang 4/2013 -11/2013

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Hinh 3 Sad6h0 thing dutmg ong nudc trong tr^m l^nh tmng tam chiller a) Sa d6 luv luvng nirdc khdng doi b) Sa do sa cap - Thir cap c) So do luv lugng nu</c thay doi

2 0 ' N L N - 1 1 9 * 9/2014

II. CO SO LY THUYET

Dae tinh nang lugng cua cac td may (bam - chiller - thap giai nhiet) la m l i quan he phu thudc giua tugng tieu hao dien nang (N, kW) vao phy tai ciia t l mdy (bom - luu lugng nudc (I. 1/s);

chiller - nang suit lanh (Qo, kW); thap giai nhiet - Nang suit giai nhiet (Qk, kW). Trong dieu kien van hanh cua cae TLTT chiller, phu tai eua t l may cd t h i bi biln ddi manh d mot so dilm do mot s l thilt bi hay cym thilt bi duge ngat ra vi ly do an todn hoae ly do kinh t l . Do vay, eae dac tinh nang lugng eiia chung thudng co dgng phi tuyen va bi giy d mdt sd diem [4,5].

Ddi vdi cac dgng dae tinh phtjc tap nhu vay, each md phdng hieu qua va van nang nhlt Id SLF dung md hinh tran tung khiie [3], mdi khiie la mpt da thifc bac khdng qua 2. Md hinh nay cho phep xip XI dudng cong dac tuyin vdi dp chinh xdc rit cao ma khdng cin nang eao bac eua md hinh ma cht cin tang so dogn (khiic) xip xi (xem hmh 4).

Hinh 4. Duung cong tron timg khuc cua dac tinh nang iuvng

Md hinh da thu'c tirng khiic cd dang nhu sau:

O

f(P,A)= l,fg{P,A) (1) q=\

tronp dd. P - phu tai (I, Qo, QO; f(,(P, A) - da thuc xap xf trong dogn Dq va thda dilu kien fq(P, A)=0 nlu PsDq; Dq - dogn phy tai thu q; q - s l dogn phu tai; A = {ai,a2,...,an}-veeta tham sd.

Dac thil van hanh cua cde TLTT trong HTDHKKTT la dgc tinh nang lugng eiia chiing khdng phu thuoc vao nhau. Dieu dd lam dan gian bai toan nhan dgng md hinh.

Thye t l cho thly eae dac tinh nang lugng cua cae td may trong TLTT thudng ed khdng qua 3 doan tran, D,, D2, D3 (xem hinh 4):

D,KPm,n ^ P l } , D2-(P, ^P^}, D3={P2^Pmax}, trong do, Pmin, Pmax" Qloi han phu tai cho phep, Pi, P2 - gidi han hay diem giy giija cac doan,

Dgt Po = Pm,n, P3 = Pmax, ta bllu diln dae tinh nang luang ciia thilt bj (hay to may) nhu sau:

f,(P), n l u Po ^ P < Pi

f(P,A) =-(f2(P), n l u P i < P ^ P 2 (2) lf3(P), n l u P2<P<P3

trong dd, fqfP) = aqo + aqi(P-Pq.i) + aqz(P-Pq.,)^

- da thuc xac dinh trong dogn q (q = 1, 2, 3);

A = {aio, an_, ai2, a2o, 821, 822. aso. asi, a^^ - vec ta cac he s l eiia md hinh.

D l md hinh la mpt ham lien tye (gay nhung khdng dirt), phai thda man dilu kien giap ndi giUa eac doan: f,(Pi) = UP.), f2(p2) = fi(P2)- Ta cd:

320 = aio + aii {Pi -Po) + ai2 (Pi - Po)' (3) aao = a2Q + 821 {P2 -Pi) + 822 (P2 - Pi)' _ (4) Vdi dilu kien (3)-(4) vee to tham sd cin tim nit gpn lai la: A = {aio, an, ai2, 321. 322, 831, 332}

Hdm sai leeh binh phuang giira md hinh va eac so lieu thing ke, cd dang [4]:

IiA) = y[nP'\A)-y^' ⁽⁵⁾ trong dd y''' - gia trj thdng ke eua dac tinh thu duac ting vdi phu tai P'"',

Ap dung dli vai ede cum thilt bj ciia hp TLTT, ta cd dgc tinh THNL duge xdc djnh dudi dgng [5]:

N{P) = 30 + 3i P + 32 P ^ (6) trong dd N(P) - ham dac tfnh tieu hao dipn

nang, P - cdng suit phu tai ciia t l may.

Veeta c a c h e s ! cin tim A = {ao, ai, a2}duac xae djnh khi cyc tilu hoa ham tdng cdc dp lech binh phuang.

I(A) = j][N{P^'\A)-N^'^]- ^ min (7) a day A/^" - gia tri thing ke ciia dae tinh tieu hao nang lugng irng vdi phu tai F^'', tgi dilm thu t v&i dilu kien: P"'^,„ < P"^ < P"'max.

Mot trong nhCrng van de chinh cua qua trinh van hanh he thing dieu khien che dp iam vipe cua cac he thong dieu hoa khong khi trung tam chiller la bai toan phan phoi phu tai toi uu giua cac td hgp iam viec song song cua chung.

Dang toan hpc cua bai toan phan phoi phy tai t i l uu cd dang sau:

vai dilu kien rang bupc la:

p.mmSP, SAmax, i=1,2 H, (8)

(9) (10)

NLN'119-9/2014* 21 trong dd:

F(x) - ham tieu hao dipn nang eua eym thilt bj (hay h0 thing);

f,{.), p, - d|c tinh nang lugng va phy tai eiia thilt bi (hay td may) thir i;

fV - tdng phu tai theo ydu cau tieu thy;

Pimin. Pimax" Qidi han phu tai cho phep;

x={pi Pn} - veeta cua eac phu tai cin tim.

Phugng phap luan giai bai toan nay thyc hien theo trinh tu sau:

1- Dua bai toan tdi uu hda cd rdng bude ban diu: (8)-(9)-(10) v l dgng mdt hdm mye tieu tuang duang khdng cd rdng bude Bude nay dua tren ca SO' siy dyng "ham phat" [4,6],

2- Tim eye tilu ciia ham mue tieu tuang duang nhd thugt toan tdi uu hda vugt khe [4,6,8],

Dilm cue tilu cua hdm mye tieu tuang duang chinh la ldi giai eIn tim cua bai toan phan phdi phy tai toi uu ban diu.

Ham mye tidu tuang duang dugc thilt lap cd dang sau:

J(x) = f(x) + c^^^ix) + c,^^{x) (11) trong dd 4^1, Tx la cac ham phgt;

^ £ ( x ) = l ' P v - X ^ i l ' (12) Hdm phgt thiet Igp theo (9) dam bao can blng giua san xult va nhu clu tieu thu;

«f,(x) = X P (13)

Ham phgt thiet lap theo (10), khdng che theo dai phy tai cho phep cua mdt thilt bi.

III. 0 6 l TU-ONG NGHIEN Cl>U

TLTT chiller tda nhd Mipec Tower 229 Tay Son cd sa dd nhu hinh 4c vdi 4 td may chiller lip song song, 5 bam nudc lgnh ghep nhdm song song (1 bam dy phdng), 5 bom nude giai nhiet ghip nhdm song song (1 bam du phdng), sau thap giai nhipt hogt ddng song song ddng thai, cac bom va quat thap giai nhiet dugc dilu khiln blng biln l l n . Hp thong giam sat va dilu khiln ty dOng (BAS) Alerton dugc l i p dat d l giam sat toan bO hogt ddng eua cac thilt bj trong TLTT chiller, DO li$u v$n hanh cua hp thong duac luu Igi trong dCt li$u Ijch su' van hanh (trendlog) ghi lai toan bd cac thdng s l v^n hanh cua he thdng. nhiet dp, dp Im ngoai trdi, nhipt dp nudc elp/hoi, luu lugng nudc Ignh ting vd ting BTUh eua toan tda nha, thdng s6 v$n hanh ciia chiller, eac cdng suit dipn ti6u thy cua tCj'ng thilt bj... Rieng luu lugng nudc

giai nhiet dugc do blng thilt bj do PPLUS2000 cua hang SV Technics thdng qua van can blng vdi s l lln do lap lai 3-4 lln.

IV. K^T QUA VA T H A O LUAN

Su dung phin mIm Pow/er [7] d l xay dung md hinh dgc tinh THNL eua cae cum thilt bj bam nude lanh, bam nudc giai nhiet, chiller ddng thdi tinh toan c h i dp van hanh tdi uu cua eac cum thilt bj lam viee song song.

Hinh 5 Ket qua md hinh hda d$c tuyen THNL cOa bom Md hinh hda dac tfnh THNL eiia cum bam nudc lanh va nudc giai nhiet nhgn dupc nhu sau (xem hinh 5,6):

NcDWPi = 24,859 - 0.793ICDWPI +0.0121CDWPI^

NcDWP2 = 23,2 - 0,718lcDWP2 +0.012ICDWP2^

NcDWPS = 13,354 - 0,3751CDWP3 +0.01ICDWP3^

NcDwP4 = 12,221 - 0,4lcDwP4 +0,011CDWP?

NcHWPi = 67,081 - 1,8591CHWPI +0.0141CHWPI^

NcHWP2 = 23,933 - 0,4591CHWP2 +0.0a9lcHwP2^

NcHWP3 = 150,652 - 3.3881CHWP3 +0.021CHWP3^

NcHWP4= 190,514-4,1 081CHWP4+0,0241CHWP/

Hinh 6 Ket qua mo hinh hoa d$c tuyen THNL cua bom nuoc lanh 1. 2. 3. 4

Dae tuyin phdn phdi phy tai etia cym bam nudc Ignh vd nudc giai nhipt nhgn dupc thi hipn tren hinh 7,8,

22'NLN-119'9/2014

Hinh 7 Dac tuydn phnn phoi phu tai cOa cum bom nirdc giai nhiet

Hinh 10. Dac tuyen phan phoi tdi iru van hanh ctJa bom nuiyc lanh s6 1, 2, 3, 4

Dgc tuyin tilt kiem nsng luang khi phan phoi t i i uu van hanh cua bam nude lanh va nudc giai nhiet (hinh 11,12) t h i hipn rd hieu qua tilt kiem cua ehl dp van hanh tdi uu. Kit qua cung chi ra hieu qua dac biet ro ret d' c h i dp ban tai, giam duge ehi phi nang lugng cho bam khi van hanh theo so d l cd luu lugng nude thay dli

Hinh 8. Dac tuyen phan phdi phu tai cua cum bom nuvc lanh

Dac tuyin phan phdi d ehl dp tdi uu cua eac cum bam nudc (anh, nude giai nhiet t h i hien

trong hinh 9,10 Hinh 11. Dac tuyin tidt kiem nang luxyng cua cum cam nu'&c aiai nhiet d che do tdi wu

XL

Hmh 9 Dac tuyen phan phdi toi wu van hanh cua bom nwdc giai nhiet s6 1. 2, 3, 4

Hinh 12 D$c tuyen tiet ki$m nang luxyng cua cijm bom nwdc lanh a che dd toi uv

NLN'119-9/2014* 23

V. K^T LUAN

Phuang phap tdi uu hda ehl dp van hanh va md hinh hda dae tinh tieu hao nang lugng cua cac thilt bj va cym thilt bj trong HTDHKKTT chiller tren ca sd md hinh va x i p xi hoa blng ham tron ti>ng khiic dya tren thudt toan vuat khe eho kit qua nhanh, hieu qua.

Bai bao da giai quylt viee tdi uu hda triet d l tirng cum thilt b\ thanh phin trong he tiidng, nhlm xay dung dye tuyin van hanh ciJa cde eum chiller d l cudi cimg xay dyng ehl dp van hdnh tii uu cho TLTT chiller ndi chung.

Kit qua tinh todn tii uu hda cho thly hieu qua tilt kiem chi phi van hdnh dgt tdi tren 8% tinh chung eho ea he thong.

Viee ap dung kit qua eua phuang phap vao thyc tiln van hanh d l dang va kit qua thu dugc se diroc trinh bay trong cac bai bao tilp theo.

ABSTRACT

The paper presents a method optimizing and modernization of power performance of parallel equipment in variable flow chiller system based on "Cleft over step" algorithm. The optimization problem Is resolved for each equivments group that allows most capability to improve performance of the chillers plant. The proposed method is Illustrated by practical example.

TAI LIEU THAM K H A O

[ I j ASHRAE (2003), 2000 ASHRAE System and Equipment handbook, 2000, 2 0 0 1 , 2002 and 2003 ASHRAE fiandboolt CD

[2] Honeywell, Engineenng Manual of Automatic Control for Commercial Buildings. Honeywel! Inc Copyngtit 1997

[3] HS DSng Trung. N g u y i n Quan Ca so ky thuat dieu hda khdng khi, Nha xuat ban Klioa tipc va ky ttiuat, Ha Npi, 2005.

[4] Nguyen V&n Manti Phuong phdp toi uu hoa h$ rJieu khdn ddi tuong bat dinhr^om t i t Luan an TSKH, tr NSng lu-ong Moscow-1999, 4 2 t r

|5] N g u y i n D i n h Vinti va dong tac gia Phuong phap toi uu hda chi do v$n hanh he thong lanh trung tam chiller Tgp ctil nang lu'p'ng nht?t, so 1 1 4 - 11/2013

[6] MaHb H B , XyHr H M. OnmuMusauufi pexuMa pabombi 3HepaemuHecKux odhCKmoe //Tpyflbi wexyiyHappfl, HayH, KoH0. •'CONTROL-2000" MpcKBa-2000 C.32-36 (Ban dicti ti^ng Vi^l)

[7] N g u y i n VSn tVlgnti T6 h(?p phan m4m TOWER" - toi i/u hoi ChS dd v$n hinh cdc t6 mdy nSng lux?ng trong nhA mdy ai$n IBAo C ^ P Oe tSi N C K H d p B6 (2004), ma so B- 2003-28-83

[8] Nguyen Van IVlanti The affine projection method for soMng non-linear optimization problems WNCST Proceeding No 2-1992 P,53-60

Phin bien: TS Nguyen Viet Dung

MO PHONG MAY DIEU HOA ...

(Tiep theo trang 17) FTKD50FVM/RKD50BVM do hang Daikin (Nhat bati) san xult cho thly dp chinh xac cua md hinh Id chip nhan duge trong thye t l

ABSTRACT

This paper presents the development of an small scale, cooling only air conditioner (AC) model that can be used to determine the working performance of the machine from its description parameters as well as its working condition. The model is developed by modeling the mam components of the AC and then, combining them to simulate the interaction behavior among the components- Using the developed AC model, the Influences of indoor and outdoor temperatures to the cooling capacity and electric power consumption of the AC were determined with maximum errors of 3,7% and 5,1 %, respectively.

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO

[1 ] Gou-liang Ding Recent developments in simulation techniques for vapour-compression refngeration systems International Joumal of Refngeration 30 (2007) 1119-1133

|2] LeJ Zhao, Wen-Jian Cai, Xu-dong Ding, Wei-chung Chang Decentralized optimization for vapor compression refrigeration cyc/e Applied Thermal Engineenng 51 (2013)753-763

[3] S Anand, A Gupta, S KTyagi Simulation studies of refngeration cycles. A review Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 17 (2013) 260-277

[4] S Sanaye, H R. lyialekmotiammadi. Thennal and economical optimization of air conditioning units with vapor compression refngeration system Applied Ttiennal Engineenng 24 (2004) 1807-1825

[5| lan H Bell, Ed<tiard A Groll, James E braun Perfonnance of vapor compiBSSion systems with compressor oil flooding and regeneration tnlematjonal Joumal of Refrigeration 30 (2011) 225-233

[6] Lei Ztiao, Wen]ian Cai, Xudpng Ding, Weicliung Ctiang fJlodei-based optimization for compression refngeration cycle Energy 55 (2013) 3 9 2 ^ 0 2

[7] Bilal Alimed Qurestii, Syed tA Zubair Performarvx degraiion of a vapor compression refngeration system under fouled conditions Intemational Joumal of Refngeration 34 (2011) 1016-1027

[8] Resat Setbas, Onder Kizilkan, Arzu Sencan Thermoeconomic optimization of subcooled and superheated vapor compression refngeration cycle Energy 31 (2006)2108-2128.

[9] Nguy§n Di>c Lpi Ky(/7U^( fenrt cdn bdn NXB GiSo dgc, 2011.

[10] Nguyin Nguyen An, Ta VSn Chupng XSy dung phuong phap xdc dinh thong so d$c tmng cua miy ndn lanh tu s6 li^u thijc nghidm Nang lupng nhigt so 114"11/2013

[11] Fabnao C Possamai, Marao I Todescat^l review of household compressor energy perfonvance 17" Intemaltional Compressor Engineenng Conference, July 12-152004

[12] Kiein SA., Alvarado F L EES Engineenng Equation Solver for fvticrosof! Windows operating system EES manual. USA 2001

Phan bi^n: GS TS Le Chi Hi^p