HOI NGHI C O N T R O N G HQC QUOC GIA LAN THii' 7 - HA NQI 2011
DANH GIA M(rc Dp GAY HAI, THai D I S M PHUN TRLT VA BIEN PHAP QUAN LY TdNG HqP (IPM) NHEN GIE Steneotarsonemus spinki Smiley
TAI LY NHAN, HA NAM VU MUA NAM 2010
Tran Thi Nga, Bach VSn Huy Chi cue Bdo ve thuc vgt Hd Noi Trjnh My Linh, Duomg Tiln Vifn, Nguyin Vdn Dinh Trucmg Dgi hpc Nong nghiep Hd Npi
MdDAU
Nhfn gie Steneotarsonemus spinki Smiley la mft dfii tupng dich hai dang phat sinh va phat triln gdy hai tren nhilu viing trflng lua trong cd nude. Do la loai mdi gdy hai, kich thudc rat nhd vd tdc hai ngay mft tang, nfin d nhilu ca sd, cdc can bf bdo vf thuc vft (BVTV) va khuyin ndng khd nhan bifit dupe trifu chiing gay hai cua nhfn gifi, vin thudng nhim ldn trifu chimg gdy h?i ciia chiing vdi cdc loai bfnh do vi sinh vft gdy nfin, cdc trifu chimg nay thudng dupe gpi chung mflt ten Id "benh lem Iep hat" vd khuyen cdo sir d\mg thuflc trir bfnh dfi trir chiing, vita gay ton kem, lang phi lai anh hudng xiu din mfii trudng sflng ma Idiflng dem lai hifu qua phdng trir. Khflng ehi cd vfy, hifn nay d hiu hit cdc chi cyc BVTV thudng khfing cd kinh liip cd df phdng dai cdn thifit (20 - 60 lin) dl cd thi nhin rfi loai gay hai nay va cac vlt hai trfin than, trfin gie ilia nhat Id khi liia mdi trfi.
Bdi bdo ndy trinh bdy miic dp gdy hai ciia nhfn gie cilng nhu hifu qud cua bifn phap Qudn Iy tdng hpp (IPM) nhfn gie.
VAT Lifu VA PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN COtI Vat lifu nghifin ciru
Dfii tupng: Nhfn gie h^i liia Steneotarsonemus spinki Smiley; giflng liia: Khang dan 18, liia lai, liia nip.
Nfi dung nghien ciru
Ddnh gid thift hgi kinh tfi do nhfn gie gdy ra; danh gia hifu qud ciia cdc thdi difim phun thuoc; danh gia quy trinh Qudn ly tflng hap nhfn gie.
Phuong phdp nghien ciru
Thi nghifm thi^t hgi kinh te cda do nhfn gie
Tren mfii rufng bfi tri 2 cfing thiic (CTI: Dfii chimg thuc hifn nhu nfing dan (vdi dilu kifn khfing phun thufic cd tac dyng trir nhfn); CT2: Phun thuflc Kinalux 25EC vdi nflng dp 0,1% 2 lin (ngay thir 7 trudc khi lua trfl va khi liia trfl thip thoi 1 - 3%), mfli 607
HQl NGHI CON T R O N G HOC QUOC GIA LAN THCf 7 - H A NQl 2011
cfing thirc cd difn tich 200 m^. Trudc khi phun thufic dfim todn bp sd nhfn tren danh (cdc bf phan: Be, gan la d cdc la) theo 10 diem tren dudng cheo, mfli difim ldy 10 danh chinh, diem liy mlu cdch bd it nhit 2 m. Khi thu hoach, moi cdng thitc thu 5 dilm ttieo ' dudng cheo, mfii difim 3 m^.
Ddnh gid hifu qud cua cdc th&i diem phun thuoc
Trfin moi ruflng bfl tri 4 cfing thirc (CTI: Phun 01 ldn thuflc trudc trfl 7 ngay; CTI:
Phun 01 lan khi lua thdp thoi trfl; CT3: Phun 02 ldn vdo cdc thdi difim trudc trfi 7 ngay ; va khi lua thdp thoi trfi; CT4: Dfii chiing khfing phun thuflc), moi cflng thirc cd dien tich 200 m^. Thi nghifm tren ciing 1 loai thufic Kinalux 25EC nfing dp 0,1%, 660 lit nudc/ha). Mfii cfing thiic thu 5 difim theo duomg cheo, mfii dilm thu 3 m^. Can khfii ' lupmg, thdc tuai va khfii lupmg thdc khfl/mfli difim rifing re.
Ddnh gid quy trinh IPM cua nhen gie
Vf sinh dflng rupng va chuin bj dit trflng: Cay 1ft gflc ra ngay sau thu hoach Ida xuan, viii hit tan du cay Ilia, Iam s?ch cd bd ngay sau khi thu hojch dl nhfn khfing cd noi tni ngu. Cho dit nghi tir 15 - 20 ngdy. Xir 1^ dit bdng vfli bpt 417 kg/ha khi da bira phay ldn 1, be bd. Dat rufng phdi dupe lam ky, nhuyfin, san phdng mat mong trudc khi cay. Hat gidng: Su dung giflng liia KDl8 nguyfin chiing ed bao gdi va dja chi ro rdng. Luang gifing sii dung trung binh: 42 kg/ha. Hinh thirc gieo ciy: Cdy mj non tufii ma 15 - 20 ngdy tuj' theo tinh hinh thdi tilt. Xir ly hat gidng bdng thuoc Cruier Plus 312.5FS dfi phdng chfing riy ndu, bfnh vdng Iiin, Iiin xodn Id tai vimg.
Phuang phdp diiu tra dien biin mgt dp vd tdc hgi cua nhin gie tren rupng IPM vi tren rupng doi chirng
Tren toan bp khu rufng liy 10 dilm theo dudng cheo, each bd it nhit 2 m, mfli diim cdt 10 ddnh dim todn bfl sfl nhfn gie trfin cdc bfl phan (be, gdn la); 7 ngay dilu tra 1 Ida KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
Xac dinh mijc df hgi trfin rufng ciia nhfn gie
Trfin 05 ruflng vdi 2 mat dfl nhfn gie trudc khi phun la 2,13 - 2,85 con/ddnh va 35,87 - 36,03 con/ddnh, tuomg itng vdi mite hai nhe va hai trung binh. NIU dupe phun thuflc Kinalux 2 ldn (vl ca ban da phong trir dupe nhfn gie) thi ndng suit tdng so v6i dfli chimg khdng phun tuong img la 1,03 - 1,70 tin/ha vd 1,57 - 2,04 tin/ha, da gidm ty If thiet hai tuang img Id 19,39 - 29,16% va 23,79 - 37,29% (bdng 1). Dilu nay chimg minh rang nhen gie gay ra thift hai ro rang. Thi nghifm tuang tu tai Cim Giang, Hai Duang d difiu kien mat dp nhen gie hai cao han, thift hai do nhfin gie gdy ra Id gin 60%
(Dfl Thj Dao vd cs., 2008).
Ngodi ra, kfit qud thi nghifim ciing cho thiy phun trir nhfn gie 2 lin tnrdc trfl diu dat hifu qud rdt cao.
HQI NGHI CON T R O N G HQC QUOC GIA LAN THLf 7 - HA NQl 2011 '"' Bdng 1. Thift hai do nhfn gie gdy ra trfin mfit $6 gifing lua t?i Hd Nam
VII mCia 2 0 1 0
STT
1 2 3 4 6
Giing
Khang ddn 18 Khang ddn 18 Khang ddn 18 LOa lai PCI 5 Liia n^p 97
M|t dd nh#n trirdrc phun (con/ddnh) 2,85 ±15,17'
2.35 ±5,90°
2,13 ±7,14°
36,03 ± 57,29"
35,78 ±48,83"
Ndng sudt (tdn/ha) Phun 2 ldn 5,31 ± 0,08"
5,83 ± 0,30' 6,28 ±0,17"
6,60 ± 0,33"
5,47 ±0,13"
Khdng phun 4,28 ± 0 , 1 3 ' 4,13 ±0,07"' 4,87 ± 0 , 1 7 ' 5,03 + 0.17' 3,43 ± 0 , 1 0 '
Thl|t h;l (tdn/ha)
1,03 1,70 1,41 1,57 2,04
Tyl?
thift h^i
(%)
19,39 29,16 22,45 23,79 37,29 P Ghi chu: a, b: Theo cpt, chQ khdc nhau thi khdc nhau dang ke a muc ;^ nghia p = 0,05.
I X, y: Theo hang, cac chu khac nhau thi khac nhau dang kl 6 miic y nghTa p = 0,05.
Cu th^: T^i 3 rugng thi nghiem tren cung 1 giong Iiia Khang dan 18 a tra sam, di6u tra ngay 13/8 (truac tr6 7 ngay) vdi cac mijrc dp ty 1? danh bj nhen hai va chi s6 danh bj hai khdc nhau thi mat do nhen va trung/danh tuang duang nhau (Rudng 1: Ty 1^ h^i 11%, chi s6 hai 1,22%. mat d6 nhen va trimg 2,85 con/danh; ruong 2: Ty 1$ hai 21%, chi s6 hai 2,33%, mat do nhen va trung 2,35 con/danh; ruong 3: Ty le hai 35%, chi s6 hai 3,89%, m?it dO nhfn va tning 2,13 con/danh).
Trong khi, a 2 rugng thi nghiem tren tra lua mugn vai giong lua lai PC15 va lua nep 97, di6u tra ngay 31/8 va 8/9 (tnrdc tro 15 ngay) vai cac muc do ty 1^ danh bj nhen hai va chi s6 danh bj hgi cung khac nhau thi m3t dp nhen va tning/danh tuong duong nhau (Ruong lua lai PC15: T^' 1? hgi 47%, chi s6 hai 5,66%, mat do nhen va tnhig 36,03 con/danh; rugng lua nep 97: Ty I? hgi 71%, chi s6 hai 7,89%, mat do nhfn va trimg 35,78 con/danh).
Danh gia hifu qua cua cdc thoi dilm phun thuoc
Bdng 2a. Hifu qua phong trur nhfn gie bdng thuoc hoa hoc Kinalux theo thM dilm su- dyng tren giong Khang dan 18 vu miia nam 2010 t^i Ha Nam
Ru$ng
1 2 3
Mit ti nh#n (con/ddnh) 2,85 ±15,17
2,35 ±5,90 2,13 ±7,14
Nang sudt (tIn/ha) CTI
4,95 ±0,28' 5,35 ± 0,24°
5,87 ± 0,22°
CT2 4,84 ±0,11°
5,28 ±0,18°
5,77 ± 0 , 3 3 ' CT3 5,31 ± 0,08' 5,83 ± 0 , 3 1 ' 6 , 2 8 ± 0 . i r
CT4/BC 4,28 ±0,13°
4,13 ±0,07°
4,88 ±0,16°
LSDo.05
0.23 0,30 0,31
CV(%)
11,67 14,33 13,33 Ghi chii: a, b, c: Theo hang, chO khdc nhau thi khac nhau ddng ki a muc -y nghTa p = 0,05.
HQI NGHI C O N T R C I N G H O C Q U O C GIA L A N THll' 7 - H A NQl 2011
Bang 2b. Ty If tang ndng suat (%) cua cdc c6ng thti c so vdi doi chirng trong thu- nghifm hieu quS ph6ng trir nhfn gii theo thdi dilm bdng thuoc h6a hpc Kinalux
tren giong Khang ddn IS tai Ha Nam
Ru^ng 1 2 3
CTI 15,65 30,49 20,29
CT2 13.08 28,78 18,24
CT3 24,07 42,20 28,69
Qua kit qud thi nghifm a bdng 2a vd 2b chiing toi thay:
Cd 3 cong thirc thi nghifm vl thoi dilm phun thulc diu co hifu qua phong trit hon hdn dii chiing. Trong do
CTI: Phun 01 ldn trude trfi 7 ngay va CT2: Phun 01 lan khi lua thdp thoi trS co hieu qud tuong duong nhau.
CT3: Phun 02 ldn vdo cdc thoi dilm tnrdc trS 7 ngdy vd khi liia thdp thoi h i djt i hifu qua cao nhdt, tdng so vdi dii ehumg cao nhdt dat 42,2%
Danh gia Quy trinh IPIM nhfn gie Diin bien mgt dp nhpn gii
Trong vu miia 2010 tai noi ddnh gid cho thdy, trong mo hinh IPM da phun 3 ldn (2 ldn trir sdu cuin id nho vd 1 ldn trir nhfn gi^) con tren ruong nong dan (D/CJ phun 5 lln (3 lin trir sdu cuon Id nho, 1 ldn trit sdu due than vd 1 ldn trir ray ndu), diin bien so lugfng nhfn giii trinh bay tai bdng 3.
Bang 3. DiSn biln so Ivpng nhfn gie (con/ddnh) trin rufng mo hinh IPIVI vd rufng cua nong dan ngodi m6 hinh
Ngdy dilu tra 16/07 23/07 30/07 06/08 13/08 20/08 27/08 04/09 11/09 18/09 25/09
Gial dogn sinh trLFd>ng cay Ida Be nh^nh rO
De nhdnh rp Cuoi de - Phdn hda ddng Dong non
Phdt triln ddng Ddng glS - TT tr6 TrS xong Ngdm sCra Chac xanh - Do dudi Chin sdp Thu ho^ch
Ru$ngIPM 0.00 ± 0,00 0,00 ± 0,00 0,00 ± 0,00 0,00 ± 0,00 1,01 ±1,15 1,12 ±1,27 2,98 ± 2,37 4,89 ± 2,40 7,96 ± 4,85 10,56 ±4,43
6.02 ±3,16
Ru$ng ndng dan 0.00 ± 0,00 0,00 ±0,00 0,00 ± 0.00 0,00 ±0,00 3,47 ± 2,54 31,40 ±12,28 195,30 ±102,21 1174,00 ±149,95 983,83 ± 97,82 647,25 ±94,99 152,19 ±29,76
Qua dieu tra cho thdy nhfn gie xudt hifn va gay hai tit giai doan lua dong non, ngdy dieu tra 6/8 cac ddnh lay mdu mang vl soi khong thay nhfn gie (tuy nhien tren cac danh
HOI NGHI C O N T R C I N G HQC QUOC GIA 1-AN T H i f 7 - H A NOI 2011
c6 vlt chuft cdn 6 b? da thdy nhen gii xuat hifn). Mat df nhfn gie ngdy dilu tra 13/8 rufng IPM 1,01 con/ddnh, sau do mft do nhfn tang ddn va ruong IPM lu6n thdp hon so vdi rufng nong dan ngodi mo hinh rdt nhilu. Din 13/8 mo hinh IPM du(tc phun bdng thuoc Kinalux 25EC. Phun ky bd rufng va 2 m each bd. Kit qud din culi vu mat do nhfn gie trong md hinh rat thdp so vdi ngodi mo hinh khong phun thulc trir nhfn gie.
jF
• Ru^ngnong dan > IPM
' via^ \0^ \<^ \«?> \<:?* .\c?t \c?
' ^ # o*"^ -sT -^^ '(y-i <3^.
^ ^ . ^ ' ^• v ^ i
Hinh. Diin bien so liccmg nhen gie (con/danh) tren ruong mo hinh IPM va ruong cua nong ddn ngoai mo hinh
Qua hinli tren cho thay mgng nong dan do khong phun thuoc trijr nhfn gie nen mijrc dp gdy hai cua nhfn gi6 tdng rat nhanh. Ngay di6u tra 13/8 giai doan liia dong c6 ty If hai 37%, chi s6 hai 4,11% va mdt do nhfn gie 3,47 con/danh. Ngay dieu tra 03/9 giai dogn lua ngam sGa co ty If hai 73%, chi s6 hai 55,11% va m|t do nhfn gie 1174 con/danh. Din cu6i vy lua chin co ty If hai 100%, chi s6 hai 86,89% va m?it do nhfn gie 152 con/danh. Rudng IPM do chi dgo phun trir nhen gi6 kjp thai tmac khi lua tro nen ngay dilu tra 13/8 co ty If hai 8%, chi so hai 0,89% va mat do nhfn gie la 1,01 con/danh, do vdy cac k^ dieu tra sau m^t dp nhfn tdng rat cham, khong co sy bOt phat nhan nhanh vl s6 luang. Rugng IPM luon co ty If hai thap han ngoai mo hinh 41 - 43% va chi s6 hai thdp han 67,79 - 69,78%. Cuoi vy, rugng IPM co ty If hai 59%
xong chii ylu xudt hifn vlt hgi nhu vlt ego gio cap 1 den cdp 3. Trong khi do tai rufng nong ddn ngoai mo hinh co ty If hai la 100% so danh, toan than cay lua co mau tham tim, cdp hai chu ylu cdp tii cdp 7 den c^p 9.
Cdc ylu to c^u thdnh nang suat va nang su^t lua
Cdc chi tieu vl cdc ylu t6 cdu thanh nang suat va nang sudt liia tren mong IPM va dii chung dugfC trinh bay tgi bang 4.
HQI NGHI CON TRCING HQC QUOC GIA LAN THir 7 - HA NQI 2011
Bdng 4. Mft so ylu to cku thdnh ndng su4t va nang suit lua cua mo hinh IPM vdi d6i chirng Id rufng n8ng dan ngodi mf hinh
Chi tieu theo doi S6 bdng/khdm
S6 bdng/m^
S6 hat/bdng S6 h9t chdc/bdng T y l « l d p ( % ) Ty 1$ h^t bi nhdn hai (%) Ndng sudt thdng i^e (tan/ha)
MCrc tdng nSng suat so vdi rupng ndng ddn (%)
M6 Mnh IPM 6,47 258,8 174,4 142,7 16,9 6,2
• 5,58 52,88
Ndng dan ngoai mo hinh
7,03 316,4 112,5 62,1 44,9 37,0 3,65
Ket qud thi nghifm cho thdy: So bong/khom va so bdng/m trong mo hinh thip hm ngoai mo hinh do nong dan edy nhilu ddnh hem vd mft do ddy hon, xong bdng tr6n rufng IPM to diu nen binh quan sd hJt^dng nhilu hon 61,9 hat/bong. Sd hjt chdc/bfng nhilu hon 80,6 hjt/bdng. Ty If iep trong rufng IPM thdp hem so vdi ndng dan 28,0%
Irong dd ty If h?it Iep do nhfn gdy hai trong rufng IPM thdp hon so vdi ndng dan 30,8%.
Ndng suit cudi vu trong rufng IPM cao hon rufng ndng dan 1,93 tdn/ha. Mirc tdng ndng sudt so vdi ruong ndng dan 52,88%.
Tinh ve hifu qua kinh te: Rufng IPM thu l(;ri nhuan cao hon rufng ndng dan 14.002.800 ddng/ha.
Ktr LUAN VA DE NGHJ Kit ludn
Nhfn gie tren gidng Khang ddn 18 vv mita sdm tai cdc mat do 2,13 - 2,85 con/ddnh vd ty If hai tir 11 - 35% trudc trS 7 ngay lam giam ndng sudt tir 19,39 - 29,16%. Trong khi tren gidng liia lai PC15 va Ma nip 97 miia mufn, giai doan liia phdt triln dong trudc tro 14 ngdy, mat df 35,78 - 36,03 con/ddnh, ty If hji 47 - 71% lam gidm ndng sudt Ida 23,79 - 37,29%.
Thdi dilm phun trir nhfn gi^ bdng Kinalux 25EC tnrdc tr5 14 ngay, 7 ngdy vd Ichi liia thap thoi trd diu dat hifu qud. Phun thuoc 2 ldn tnrdc khi Ilia trd dat hifu qud :ao nhdt.
Mo hinh qudn ly tdng hop IPM nhfn gie cd mft do nhfn gie/ddnh va ty If h?i thdp, :hi sd h?i thap hom rd rft so vdi rufng ndng ddn. Ndng suit liia tren rufng IPM cao hon
>o vdi rufng ndng dan 52,88% minh chiing quy trinh IPM dl thirc hifn va hifu qua phong chdng nhfn gie cao.
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Hpr NGHI C Q N T R O N G H O C Q U 6 C G I A LAN THCT 7 - H A N Q I 2011
DI nghj
vlt cao gio thuang xudt hien sau khi nhfn da gay hgi va liia dd tr6 xong trd di, nen de phong trir dat hifu qua cao thi cdn phdt hifn 6 nhfn giai dogn lua de nhdnh - lam dong, vi v§y cdn trang bj kinh liip co df phong dai 20 - 60 ldn dl phuc vy cho c6ng tac dilu tra phdt hifn nhfn gi^.
NSn thay dii Igi Quy chudn bao cdo s6 lifu hifn nay vi nlu chi bao cdo vl ty If hai va chi so hgi theo vet ego gio tren than se khong danh gia day dii dugfc miic dg gay hai ciia doi tugmg nay tru6c khi liia tro;
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
Do Thj Dao, Trdn Thj Thu Phucmg, Nguyen Van DTnh, 2008. Nghien cuu buac dSu vl nhfn gie Steneotarsonemus spinki Smiley tren mot so-giong lua trong a mien BSc. Bao cao khoa hgc Hgi nghj Con trung hgc toan quiclan thii 6: 512-518.
*Thdm djnh khoa hgc: GS.TS. Ha Quang Hung - Trudng Dgi hoc N6ng nghifp Ha Ngi.
S U M M A R Y
ASSESSMENT O F D A M A G E , TIME F O R S P R A Y I N G A N D CURRENT P R O C E D U R E FOR INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF THE PANICLE RICE MITE Steneotarsonemus spinki Smiley
O N SUMMER CROP A T LY N H A N , HA N A M , IN 2010
Tran Thi Nga, Bach Van Huy Department of Plant Protection, Ha Nam Province Trinh My Linh, Duong Tien Vien, Nguyen Van Dinh
Hanoi University of Agriculture
Field experiment was conducted at Ly Nhan, Ha Nam province during summer crop in 2010 on rice :ullivar Khang dan 18. The results showed that on Khang dan 18, in early summer crop, at density of
^anicle Rice Mite Steneotarsonemus spinki (PRM) 2.13 - 2.65 mites/shoot and damage ratio 11 - 35% at 7 Jays before flowering caused 19.39 - 29.16% reduction of the yield. While on the hybrid PC15 and )lutenous rice 97 at late season after 14 days before flowering at density of 35.78 - 36.03 mites/shoot and Jamage ratio 47 - 7 1 % caused reduction ofthe yield by 23.79 - 37.29%. Spraying with Kinalux 25EC 14 or ' days before flowering gave good protection. But spraying 2 days before flowering gave the highest esult.
Current procedures for integrated management of PRM was easy and resulted in an increase of i2.88% of the yield and 14.00 million VND per hectar.
Key words: IPM, yield loss, spraying time, effectiveness.
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