0 0 LONG TIN VOfi SO LIEU THONG KE CHINH THONG Hiitmlrii ini^lhiiKim €iu)@ U g
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i c du pic cd quan thfi'ng kfi qufi'c gia da v i [ dang cung ci'p sfi lifiu thfi'ng kfi cho n h i nufic v i cdng chung hon mfit thfi ky qua, nhung chi gfin d i y t i m quan trpng cfla vific do Idng tin dd'i vdi cac thfing kfi chlnh thfi'ng mdi dupc thfla nhan rfing rai. N i m 2009, OECD b i t d i u cdng vific x i y dflng mfit hd cdng cp cd thfi sp sinh qufic tfi n h i m dp Idng tin dfi'i vdi c i c cd quan thfing kfi qud'e gia va c i c s i n phfim cua c i c cP quan niy.Cfl quan thd'ng kfi qufi'c gia trung UOng fl Oc, Cue Thfi'ng kfi Oc (ABS), vdi vai trd la mfit thinh vifin cua Dfii t i c nghiep vi sfl phit trifin c i c s i n pham thfi'ng kfi cua OECD, v i l i mfit t h i n h vifin nang ddng cfla Nhdm lam vific difin tfl (EWG) dflng dfiu la Ivan Feilegl (Nguyen Tong cue truflng cua thd'ng kfi Canada) glflp phat
trifin khung do Ifing tin nay.
IVIfit "mfi hinh" difiu tra da duoc dua ra v i EWG khuyfi'n nghi thflc hifin difiu tra n h i n thflc dfi thfl nghiem bd cfing cu n i y
Md hinh Idng lln Mfic du khdng cd mflt djnh nghTa ddn le nao dupc c h i p nhfin trong cac sach giao khoa vfi Ifing tin ndi Chung, hay mfit dinh nghTa ve long tin dd'i vfii thong kfi chinh thfing nfii nfing, EWG cho rang Ifing tin dfi'i vfli c i c thfing kfi chinh thfing co the dflpc, chia l i m hai t h i n h phfin rifing bifit nhflng cd lifin quan vdi nhau: ldng tin doi vfli cap s i n pham thd'ng ke v i Idng tin dd'i vdi cd quan thfing kfi. Dfi'n lupt
minh, cfic thinh p h i n niy chju i n h huflng bdi mfit sfi yfi'u tfi dupc minh hpa trcng Hinh 1,
Khung dd Ifing tin dfi'i vdi thfing kfi chinh thfing cua OECD dupc md phfing tfl " B i c c i o cua Nhdm l i m vific difin tfl" (2010) - khung dp ludng n i y ban t h i n nfi dupc li'y ra tfl cdng trinh trfldc dd cua Cpc Thd'ng kfi Oc v i mfit b i i bio ciia Felligl (2004). M6 hinh chi rd ldng tin dd'l vdi cic sin phfim thfing kfi (dupc dinh nghTa l i Idng tin s i n phfim) dupc xac djnh chfl yfiu bing c h i t lupng cfla b i n t h i n s i n p h i m thfing kfi - nd bac gdm nhifiu yfiu tfi cd trpng Khung chit lupng dfl lifiu cua ABS nhu tinh phu hpp, tinh kjp thfli, tinh chinh x i c v i tinh g i n kfi't.
IVIfit khic, Idng tin dfii vdi cd quan s i n xui't sfi lifiu thfi'ng kfi (ldng tin cd quan) l i mfit khil nifim Hiiili I: Khunii du liinn liji dfl'i vdi cat Iho'ni; kC tliinli Ihfliiji
ffiEI
do ldng lln vii sfi litii Ihfing U chlnh Ihfing: KInh nghiim rfing hdn v i cd thfi bj i n h hudng bfll c i nhflng n5Iflc cua cfl quan (nhu b i o mfit) nhung cling phu thufic v i o cac chufin mflc v i n hfia v i xa hfii rfing ldn (vl dp nhfl khdng khi chung cua qud'e gia dfi'i vdi c i c CO quan n h i nudc).
Mfit thang dp vfii bfin mflc dfi dflpc sfl dpng dfi do iuflng c i Ifing tin s i n p h i m v i Ifing tin co quan.
Ngudi t r i Idi dupc Ifla chpn c i c c i u t r i Ifli: "hpin tPin tin", "tupng dd'l tin", "khdng tin Ifim" hay "hoin t o i n khfing tin". Cic phuong i n t r i Ifli "khfing rd Ifim" hofic "khdng bifit" cflng dupc ghi rifing. Trcng b i l niy, dfi cho n g i n gon, cfiu t r i Idi "ri't tin /ri't khdng tin" da dupc sfl dpng thay chp c i u t r i Idi
"hoin t o i n hn/hoin toin khdng tin".
Vfi cufic difiu Ira cfla ABS
Oc la nudc thanh vifin dfiu tifin ciia OECD thfl nghifim difiu tra md hinh cua OECD v i tft cufic difiu tra nhfin thflc thfl nghifim niy, mfit bfi cdng cu gldl han fl mflc dja phfldng dflpc x i y dflng v i sfl dpng dfi do Ldng tin cua Cfing dfing dfii vdi Difiu tra Thfing kfi ciia ABS (CTASS). Cac nfii dung chfl yfiu trong difiu tra cfla OECD dupc gifl lal - ching ban nhu do hal t h i n h phfin idng tin cd quan va Idng tin san pham rieng re. C i difiu tra n h i n thflc thfl nghiem v i cufic difiu tra deu dupc thflc hifin bdi n h i tu v i | i bfin ngoii.'
Tong cfing cd 137 cufic phdng vi'n vdi nhflng ngfldl sfl dung chuyfin nghifip sfi lifiu thfing kfi cua ABS v i 2242 cufic phdng v i n vdi cfing dfing nhflng ngudi sfl dpng thfing thuflng dupc thflc hifin v i o thing 6 n i m v i t h i n g 6 n i m 2010. Difiu tra cfing dfing ngudi sfl dung thdng thudng dupc thflc hifin bdi mfit n h i tu v i n dfic Ifip v i sfl dung phfldng phip difiu tra m i u hfi gia dinh cd difiu kifin, vdi cac trang t r i n g difin tfl dupc sfl dung lam dan ciia tfing thfi. Difiu kifin dupe dfla trfin nhdm tufii, gifll tinh v i vung, v i dp dd m i u thu dUdc phin i n h hinh anh nhin khiu hpc cfla d i n sfi Oc. Cic cufic phdng vi'n dupe thuc hifin thfing qua sfl dung Hfi thd'ng phdng v i n bing difin thoai vfli sfl hfi trfl ciia may tinh (CATI).
Ty lfi t r i Idi l i 26% dupc tinh bing sfi ngufli t r i 191 chia cho tfing sfi ngudi cd trcng danh sich lifin lac.
Ty le t r i ldi thi'p hdn nhieu sp vdi mflc binh thflflng
ciia cic cufic difiu tra m i ABS da thflc hifin trudc do.
Sfl t r i Idi ciia cufic difiu tra niy cd thfi sd sinb vfli cic nghifin cflu vfi nghifin cflu thi truflng tuong tfl dugc thflc hifin bfll c i c tfi chflc difiu tra thuong mai (duoc thflc hifin trfin cfl sd tfl nguyfin). Vdi t} Ifi t r i Idi thfip v i khi ning sai sfi khfing t r i ldi tifim ting, v i hjn chfi pham vi cfla khung c i c trang tring difin tfl, ngfldl sfl dpng dupe khuyfin nghj nfin c i t nghTa cic kfi't qui thu duoc mfit cich thfin trpng.
Trudc khi difiu tra, khping 200 ngufli sfl dung trpng tfing sfi 900 ngudi sfl dpng chuyfin nghifip da t r i ldi thu cfla ABS l i hp sin sing tham gia Difiu tra ngudi sfl dung chuyfin nghifip. Cufic difiu tra sau dd dupc thflc hifin vdi 200 ngufli dung chuyfin nghifip niy, trcng dd d i thu dupc 137 c i u t r i Idi tfl hp.
Chi tifi't vfi phfldng phap lufin, bao gdm cic Ihao lufin vfi k h i ning sal sfi khdng t r i Ifli, cd thfi tim thi'y trong b i p c i p ifing tin v i p ABS v i v i p sfi lifiu Wng kfi cua ABS, s i n cfi tai dja chi http://nss.gov. ml
Cfic k i t q u i chu yfi'u
C i cfing dfing ngufii sfl dung thdng thuflng vi ngudi sfl dung chuyfin nghifip dfiu cd mflc dfi Idng tin cao v i o ABS v i c i c san phfim thfing kfi cua ABS. Thfim nfla, nhflng ngufii sfl dung chuyfin nghifip va quing dai cdng ehflng dfiu ddng y ring cac thfi'ng kfi chlnh thfing l i nhflng cfing eg quan trong dfi hifiu rd bfi'i c i n h kinh tfi v i xa hdi.
fl m i u cfing dfing ngufii sfl dung thfing thudng, 92% ngufli t r i Idi d i n h g i i ABS (Be l i loai trfl cac c i u t r i Ifli "khdng rd llm/khfing bifi't") ndi hcfic ho
"tflPng dfii tin ABS" hpfic ho "hoin t o i n tin ABS".
Tflong tfl, 87% sfi ngufli t r i Ifli nfii ring hp "hiOng dfii tin" hojc "hoin t p i n tin" sfi lifiu thfing kfi ciia ABS (xem Hinh 2).
Tpin bfi 137 ngfldl sfl dung chuyfin nghiep d i n h g i i ABS ndi ring hp "ri't tin" hay "tuong dfii tin" ABS vfli tu c i c h l i mfit cd quan. Trcng sfi nhflng ngufii sfl dpng chuyfin nghifip nay, t} lfi "ri't tin" (69%) cap hdn trfin hai l i n sp vdi t} ifi "tuong dfii tin" (29%). Vfii Ifing tin s i n p h i m , 99% sfi ngudi sfl dpng chuyfin nghifip d i n h g i i tin cic san phfim cua ABS, trang khi dfi chi cd 1 % sfi ngudi sS dung chuyfin nghifip ndi r i n g "khfing tin iSm".
Gifing vdi ldng tin cp quan, ngfldl s i dpng chuyfin
THONG TIN KHOA HOC THONG KE
go long tin vdi i f i Uu thing hfi chmh ihiiig: KInh pghifipi cia lie
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S u b 2: LDDB tin d^i rd^ ca quan V3 san pham cua ABS il nlioiu
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Hlnb 3: Ldng tin d£i voi ctf quan v l l i n pham cda ABS d' nhdm nifirfn sir dvne chuyin ntbifp
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Uinli 4 : Ciic UiSng Ice d v f c l a u x u a t b o i A B S l i quaD t r g n g N g i r o i iJiing so li^u tliong 1(§ t b o n g tbirfrng vi a g v M d i l a g l i lifu t h ^ o g IcS
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nghiep danh g i i long tin s i n p h i m l i "ra't tin"
(64%) cd thfi noi l i gfip ddi so vdi cfiu tra ldi "tUdng dfii tin" (33%) (xem Hinh 3).
93% so ngufli Oc ddng y ring cac thd'ng kfi chi'nh thfing la nhflng cdng cu quan trpng dfi hifiu rfi bfii canh kinh te v i xa hfii. Ngufli sfl dung ehuyen nghifip cd ve dfing y nhifiu hdn (87%) so vdi ngudi sfl dung thfing thuflng (45%) (xem Hinh 4).
Kfit q u i dfiy dfl cd trong B i o c i p Ldng tin vao ABS v i c i c sfi lifiu thfi'ng kfi cfla ABS.
So sanh qufi'c tfii
Eurcbarometer' - mfit bfi phfin cfla Oy ban Chiu Au, t h i m dd y kifi'n cdng d i n tai 27 nudc Lien minh Chiu Au (EU) vfi Ifing tin cua hp dfii vfli c i c sfi lifiu thfi'ng kfi chinh thd'ng. Cic cfiu hdi n i y dupc thflc hifin trong: Chuyfin san Eurobarometer 323 - Hifiu biet cua ngudi d i n chiu Au vfi c i c chi tieu kinh tfi'. Mac du cao kfit q u i cfin duflc dpc vfli mfit sfi cinh bap ve nhflng khic bifit trcng vifie difin dat
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• TuonB d& Ktl&igdingy
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Ciu hfii v i thdi gian difiu tra Idng tin cua ABS v i difiu tra cua Eurobarometer, kfi't qua cho thiy Idng tin cfla ngufli Uc dfii vdi cac san phim cua ABS cao hen nhifiu se vfli cua c i c qufic gia thufic lifin minh chiu Au. Xem Hinh 5 de thiy dupc su so sinh.
Cic cinh bio bao gom vi dp nhu: difiu tra thuc tfi cfla Eurobarometer dupc thflc hifin trong glal doan thing 8 - thing 9 n i m 2009 trpng khi c i c cfing vific difiu tra thflc dja cho cufic difiu tra long tin cfla ABS dupc thflc hifin trong khoing thing 5 - thing 6 n i m 2010. Ciu hdi trpng difiu tra cfla Eurobarom- eter la "Thep ban, ban tin tudng c i c sfi lifiu thfi'ng kfi chlnh thfing fl [NOflC TAJ vdi mflc dfi n i o , vl dp sfi lifiu thfing kfi ve thi't nghifip, lam phit hay t i n g tnjflng kinh t f ? Bah se nfii ban dudng nhfl tin nhttng sfi lifiu thfing kfi nay hay ban khfing tin ehflng?".
' Mit bi phin ciia Oy ban Chiu Au chuyin thdc hl$n cic cuic diiu tra khio sit cing din cua liin minh chiu Au i tim xem ho nghTgl vt EU vi cic chlnh sich cua CU
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I Khflng Un lim I Khang t»
Bi phpc vu mwc flich M sinh, cie li« chon rri Hi cba ABS nhu tuyjl flSi tin' vi "timQ dfli tin' duQc ffOp Uiinh ciu Iri kn -tinng dfi lln", trong Mu Hi, d u tri Kh " kUng Un Um' v i '•hoin loin hhAng Un" di»« g4p fiinh cSu Ui \t\ "khflnji tin lim" Cie ciu t r i Ui •khftng rfl iJmAhflng bi*t" cDng dl dilK difl via
Trong kbi dd, cfiu hdi trong difiu tra cfla ABS l i "Theo ban, ban hn cac sfi lifiu thfi'ng kfi do Cpc Thfi'ng kfi Oc s i n xufit fl mflc dfi nap?. Vi dp nhu thfing kfi vfi thi't nghifip, lam phit, tfing difiu tra, vv... Ban cfi tuyfit dfi'i tin ehflng khfing, hay tuBng dfi'i tin ehflng, hofic khdng tin chung Ifim hay hoin toan khdng tin chung?.
Oinh Bi Hil'n Dich til: Measuring trust In official statistics: the Australian experience.
Issue No. SO, November 2010 - THE STATISTICS NEWSLETTER • OECD
BS't binh ddng trong phan phoi Ihu nhap d
gai...
Tll'p Iheo Irang U
khic bifit vfi thu nhfip gifla hfi gia dinh thufic c i c khu vflc vdi nhau.
Kfit qui SP s i n h da chifiu cho t h i y sfl khic nhau gifla thu nhip ciia hfi gia dinh d ddng bing sp vdi mifin nui cung nhfl gifla h i i d i o vdi mifin nOl l i sfl khic nhau cd y nghTa thfing kfi.
. Cdn sfl khic nhau vfi thu nhjp cua hfi gifla dfing bing vdi h i i dio khdng cd y nghia thfing kfi. Nhu vfiy, cd Ihfi kfit lufin r i n g thu nhfip cua hfi gia dinh il ddng b i n g v i h i i d i o cao hon fl khu vflc mifin nfli.
Quy mfi thu nhfip cua hfi gia dinh fl mifin nui thfi'p han hfi gia dinh d dfing b i n g k h i nhifiu. Nguyfin nhin la do s i n xuit d khu vflc nay chu yfiu la nflng nghifip, mang tinh tfl tuc tfl cip, s i n xuit h i n g hda cdn ri't yfi'u kem.
Kfi't lufin: Cflng vfli nhflng thinh qui cua t i n g trfldng kinh tfi', bit binh d i n g trong p h i n phd'i thu nhfip trfin dja b i n tinh Quing Ngii dang ngay mfit gia t i n g . Sfl bSit binh dfing trang phin phfi'i thu nhfip dd khfing chi thfi hifin 6 dudng cong Lorenz, hfi sfi Glni, hfi sfi g i i n c i c h va tifiu chuin "40"
Wprld Bank m i cdn thfi hifin d sv chfinh Ifich thu nhfip gifla hfi gia dinh fl khu vflc t h i n h thj vdi hfi gia dinh il khu vflc ndng thfin, chfinh Ifich thu nhfip glOa hfi gia dinh fl kliu vflc dfing b i n g v i hai d i o vdi khu vflc mien nui./.
T H O N O TIN KHOA Hpc THONG KE