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THirC TIEN - KINH NGHIEMDCII SONG TON GIAO, TIN NGl/dNG VUNG DONG BAO DAN Tdc THIEU SO 6 VIET NAM HIEN NAY
• PGS, TS HOANG THI LAN Hoc vien Chinh tri quoc gia Ho ChiMinh
• ThS C A O PHAN GIANG Hoc vien Chinh tri khu v^c I
• Tdm tdk Nhdng thap nien gdn day, ddi song tdn gido, tin ngiidng vimg dong bdo ddn tgc thieu so (DTTS) d Vtet Nam cd nhiing bien dgng ldn, hieu hien nhti: sii tdng ctidng truyen gido cua cdc tdn gido Idti, sti xudt hien cua cdc Men tiidng ton gido mdi, sti phai nhat thtic hdnh tin ngiidng truyen thdng sti tiep bien thieu chgn Igc sinh hoat tin ngiidng cua cdc ddn tgc Ididc,...
Nhiing bien dot do da too nen sdc thdi tdn gido, tin ngiidng da dang phdc tap d vdng ddng bdo DTTS Viet Nam, ddt ra nhieu vdn de cdn quan tdm trong cdng tdc ddn tpc, tdn gtM.
• Td khda: tdn gido, tin ngiidng ddn tpc thieu so.
1. Tinh hinh dM song ton giao, tin ngir&ng vung dan toe thieu s^
Vigt Nam Id mdt qudc gia da dan tdc, da tdn gido. Cdc DTTS dViet Nam sinh sdng dan xen, tap trung chii yeu d vimg xdu, vung xa, vung bien gidi - dia ban ed vi tri ttong ygu ve an ninh vd qude phdng ciia ddt nude. Nhiing ndm gdn day, vung ddng bdo cde DTTS d nude ta la khu vuc thudng xuyen xay ra nhiing bdt dn ve mat cbinh tri - xa hdi. Trong do, tin ngudng, tdn giao Id mdt ttong nhung nhdn td quan ttpng anb hudng dgn su dn dinh chlnb tri xd hdi va su phdt trign ben vting viing DTTS.
Trong cac cpng ddng DTTS dViet Nam, cd hai dan tpc CO ddng dao ngudi ddn tin theo tdn gido da lau ddi Id cdng ddng ngudi Khmer theo Phdt
gido Nam tdng va ngudi Chdm theo Hdi gido. Cdn lai dai da sd cdc DTTS khdc d Vigt Nam deu cd truyen thdng tin ngudng da than, thd cung rdt nhigu cac vi than hnh khdc nhau.
Tuynhien, ttong nhiing nam gdn ddy, ddi sdng tdn gido, tin ngudng cua ddng bdo cdc DTTS d Vigt Nam cd nhung bien dpng ldn hgn quan dgn su md rdng anh huong eua cdc tdn gido ldn nhu dao Tin lanh, Phdt giao, Cdng gido.
Khu vuc mien niii phia Bdc la dia ban cu tni eua kha ddng cdc tdc ngudi thigu sd d Viet Nam, ttong dd cdc ddn tde Thdi, Mudng, Mdng, Tdy, Nung, Dao,... la nhung dan tdc cd sd dan hiong ddi ddng. Ddng bao cdc DTTS a khu vuc nay tiirdc day da phdn theo tin nguong ddn gian thd cung td tign, tdn thd tiian sdng, than nui, than
LfLUAN CHINHTRI-So 5/2020
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mua, than gid,... Tii ndm 1986 ttd lai day, ddi sdng tin nguong, tdn giao a khu vuc nay cd khd nhigu nhiing dign bign phiic tap. Hien nay, khu vue nay da cd su hien dign eua cac tdn gido nhu Cdng giao, Tm lanh va Phgt giao. Nhiing nam gdn day, dao Tm lanh xdm nhap "d at" ttong cpng ddng ngudi Mdng, dao Cdng gido dang cd gdng cung cd lai diic tin vd phdt trien, md rdng them sd lupng tin dd, Phdt gido cung dang no lye thuc day sutai bien dien tai khu vue nay"'.
Khu vuc duygn hai mien Trung: Id dia bdn tap ttung kha da dang cdc dan tde, ttong dd, ddng chu y la eOng ddng ngudi Cham (tdp trung d hai tinh Ninh Thudn vd Bmh Tbu$n) theo Bd la mdn gido va Hdi giao. Trong nhiing nam gan ddy, mOt sd it ddng bdo Cham dd tii bd tdn gido truygn thdng de theo cdc tdn gido khae nhu Tin lanh, Cdng gido va Bahai. Bdn canh do, edn ed hien tupng ngudi Cham cai dao, chuygn dao tii Bd la mfin gido bay tir Hdi gido cu (Bani) sang theo Hdi giao mdi (Islam). Mdc dii hign tugng cai dao, chuyen d^o ttong cdng ddng ngudi Chdm d khu v^c ndy khdng nhieu nhung ciing dd gdy ngn nhiing bdt dn nhdt dinh ttong cdng ddng'^'.
Khu vue Tay Nguygn hien la dja ban eu tni cua 46/53 tdc ngudi d Vigt Nam, ttong dd cdc DTTS CO ddn so ddng Id Giarai, £dg, Bana. Tii rat sdm, Cong gido va dao Tin ldnh dd dupe truygn vao khu vuc nay (Cdng giao tir nhiing ndm 1850, dao Tin ldnh tii cudi nhiing ndm 20 cua the ky X)Q nhung phdt trien kha cdm chimg. Tuy nhien, nhimg thap nidn gdn ddy, hai tdn gido nay, dac biet Id Tm lanh phdt trign rat nhanh, cd tinh dot bign ttong nhigu viang ddng bdo DTTS. MOt bg phdn ddng bao DTTS trudc ddy da timg theo Cong giao, qua mpt thdi gian nhat dao nay ttd lai dao. Ddng thdi, hai tdn gido nay cung thu hiit dupe rdt ddng tin dd la ngudi DTTS d ca nhung vung tiirdc day vdn chua hg cd su hien dien cua
tdn giao, thdm chi cd ttong cdc vimg can cu khdng ehign cii vd thu but dupe mgt bg phdn cdn bp, dang vien. Ben eanh dd, Phdt giao eung dupe quan tdm tiiuc day md rdng pham vi anb budng d khu vuc ndy. Gido bdi Phat gido da tiing td chtic cdc cupc dai quy y cho hang ngdn ddng bdo DTTS a cac tinh Tdy Nguyen. Tuy nhign, Phdt gido khdng cd dupe nhigu thudn Ipi nhu Tin lanh vd Cdng gido ttong viee duy tri sinh hoat, cung cd diie tin cho ddng bao'^'.
Khu vue Tay Nam Bd la dia ban cu tru chu ygu eua ngudi Khmer. Bgn eanh ngudi Khmer, DTTS d viing nay cdn cd ngirdi Chdm, ngudi Hoa. Ndi dgn ngudi Khmer d khu vuc Tay Nam bd la ndi den Phdt giao Nam tdng. Phdt gido Nam tdng dd dn sau vdo maeh sdng eua ddn toe nay va ttd thdnh mpt phan khdng thg thigu trong ban sdc vdn hda ciia ddn tdc Khmer. Tuy nhien, nhiing ndm gdn ddy, do nhieu nguyen nhdn, vai ttd ciia Phdt giao Nam tdng da ddn giam sut trong ddi sdng cua cdng ddng dan tpc Khmer. Bgn canh dd, vdi nd Iuc truyen giao ciia dao Tin ldnh, mdt bd phdn ngudi Khmer da tii bd Phdt gido truygn thdng sang theo dao Tin lanb'^'.
Nhu vay, nhin mpt each tdng thg, d tdt ca cdc khu vuc cd ddng bao DTTS smh sdng, ddi sdng tdn giao eua ddng bdo deu cd nhung bien ddng rat Idn Uen quan dgn cdc tdn gido nhu Phat giao.
Tin lanh va Cdng gido. Su hien dien dot bidn cua cde tdn giao nay tai cdc khu vuc ma tnrdc ddy cbua timg ed dnh budng cua nd (hoac cd nhung rat it) da gay ngn nhiing xdo ttdn rat ldn eho ddi sdng xd bgi ciia ddng bao tten nhieu phuong (hgn. Khdng thg phu nhdn dugc rdng, su cd mat ciia cde tdn giao nhu Cdng giao, Tm lanh, Phdt gido ttong ddi sdng tdn giao, tin ngudng cua ddng bdo cdc DTTS dd dem lai cbo ddng bdo ede ddn tpc mpt ldi sdng mdi cd nhigu ygu td tien bd, gdp phdn Idm thay ddi nep sdng va phong tuc, tap
LVLUANCHINH TRI-So 5/2020
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THl/C T I I N - KINH NGHIEMLe Cho! Chnam Thmay - Tit co truyen cua dong bdo Khmer _ Anh: TL
qudn lac hau,... Tuy nhien, ben canh nhiing anh huong tich cue thi viec cde tdn gido dde thdn nhu Cdng gido, dao Tin Ldnh va cae hien tugng tdn giao mdi cue doan du nhdp vd phdt trign manh me ttong vimg ddng bao DTTS thdi gian gdn day da gdy ngn nhiing tdn thuong cho van hda truyen thong cua cdc tdc ngudi, gay xung dot giiia cpng ddng theo tin ngudng, tdn giao tmyen thdng vdi edng ddng tiieo tdn gido mdi du nhdp, dde biet la su lpi dung tdn giao cua cac thg Iuc chinh tri khde nhau vdi am mim thanh lap cac "qudc gia tu tri"
cua ngudi DTTS dd va dang tiem an nhiing bat dn chinh tri - xd bdi rat Idn d mdt sd khu vuc. Hien ttang nay ddt ra khdng it vdn de can quan tam cho cdng tac ddn tpc, tdn gido ttong viing ddng bdo DTTS d nude ta.
Ben canh su khdi sdc cua cac tdn gido tmygn thdng, "hien tupng tdn gido mdi" cung xuat bien 6 nhieu noi ttong vung ddng bao DTTS nude ta.
6 khu vue mien mii phia Bde: tnrdc tien phai nhdc dgn hign tugng Vang Chii khdi ngudn tii nam 1987 ttong mdt bp pban ngudi Mdng d cac tinh Tuygn Quang, Dien Bien, Lai Chau va Son La rdi sau do lan rpng sang eae tinh Lao Cai, Ha Giang. Sau dd, mdt bd phdn tin dd cua bien tupng nay da ebuygn sang theo dao Tin lanh (Hg phdi Tin ldnh Viet Nam Mien Bde). Tigp sau do Id su xuat hien cua khd nhieu bien tupng khdc. Hign nay, d cac tinh mien nui phia Bdc cd sir bien dien cua cde bien tupng nhu: "San Su Khe Tp", "Con Dudng Mdi", "Ze Sua", "Bd Cd Dp", "Hdi thanh Due Chiia Trdi", "Se Chu Ha Ly Cha" va mpt sd hien tupng tdn gido mdi Uen quan dgn thd cimg Chu tich Hd Chi Minh,... Dac biet, dang ehu y id su xudt bign va hoat ddng ciia hign tuong Duong Vdn Mmh. Hien nay, hien tugng Duang Vdn Minh da ed mat 6 5 tuih Id Tuyen Quang, Cao Bdng, Thai Nguygn, Bdc Can vd Lao Cai, sd lupng
LfLUAN CHfNH TRhSo 5/2020
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tin dd khdng ngung tdng len va theo du bdo eiia chinh quygn mOt sd dia phirong, tiidi gian tdi, sd lupng tin dd cua hign tugng nay vdn se tidp tuc gia tdng'^'.
6 khu vue Tdy Nguygn: Tu ndm 1986 den nay cung xudt bign khd nhigu hien tirgng tdn giao moi. Cac hign tugng tdn gido mdi nay dd thu hdt dupe sd lugng ngudi DTTS tin theo khd ddng. Cd the kg ra tgn gpi eua mot sd bien tuong nhir "Ha Mdn", "Pd Khdp Brdu", "Arm' Sara", "Nggc Phdt Ho Chi Minh", "Viet Nam Thdnh Mdu", "Tam Linh D90", "Tdm Unh Hd Chi Mmh", "Dao Trdi ThaiBmh", "Biiu Tda Tam Gido", "TdTign Cbinh Gido Dai D^o", "Nhat Quan Dao", Thien Dao",
"V6 Vi". "Canh Tdn Ddc Siing", "Thanh Hai Vd Thupng Su", "Phdp Mdn Dieu Am", "Phap Mdn Di Ldc",... Trong dd, mot sd td chiic ttong ndi dung boat ddng mang ndng yeu td me tin di doan nhu "Hd Mdn", "Ami Sara", "Pa Khdp Brdu"'^',.-
Cac hien tupng tdn gido mdi xudt hien trong viing ddng bdo DTTS cung gdy ngn khdng it nhung xao ttdn ttong ddi sdng eua ddng bdo, gdy khd khdn cbo cong tae quan ly nha nude, ddc biet ttong dd c6 mpt sd bien tupng nhu Duong Van Mmh, Zi Siia, Ha Mdn, Thanh Hai Vo Thupng Su,... hi lgi dung vao mue dich chinh tii, tiem an nguy CO bat dn dinh xa hdi.
Nhu vdy, cd the thay, sir phdt trien md rpng pham vi anh hirdng cua cde tdn gido ldn va sir xuat hien da dang cac hign tugng tdn giao mdi tai vimg ddng bao ede DTTS nhiing nam gan ddy da tao nen nhiing sdc thai tdn giao mdi, da dang, phiic tap 6 vimg ddng bdo DTTS Viet Nam.
Su md rdng anb hirdng eua cdc tdn giao va su xuat hien cua eae hien tupng tdn giao mdi lam cho ddi sdng tin ngudng ciia ddng bao cdc DTTS cung CO nhieu bign ddng ldn. Qua nghien eihi, khao sat thue tg d cae khu vuc vung ddng bdo DTTS cho thay, vdi bp phdn ddng bao DTTS theo
Phat gido thi ciing vdi niem tin Phdt giao, ddng bdo vdn giu niem tin da thdn tmygn thdng. Vi vdy, song song vdi viec thuc hign cde nghi lg Phdt giao, bd phdn ddng bao ndy vdn thuc banh cac nghi lg tin ngudng truygn thdng. Vdi bd phdn ddng bao theo Cdng gido va Tin ldnh tbi ed su khdc biet hon. Mgt bp pban ttong dd khi tin theo nigm tin tdn gido tbi ddng thdi doan tuygt hodn todn vdi nigm tin vd su thuc hdnh cdc nghi Ig tin ngudng truyen thdng, Bgn canh do, van cd mdt bd phdn ddng bdo du da tin Uieo Cdng gido va Tin ldnh nhung it nhieu van giii ruem tin va thuc hanh mdt sd nghi lg tin ngudng truygn thdng chii khong hdn dd doan tuyet hoan toan. Tuy nbign, d bp phdn ddng bdo theo Cdng gido vd Tin lanh cdn thuc hien mdt sd nghi Id tin ngudng tmyen thdng (tudng nhd td tign, tham gia le hpi tmyen thdng, cung ma,...) thi vigc thuc hanh cac nghi lg nay cung khdng cdn tbudng xuyen nhu d bd phdn ddng bdo khdng theo dao'''.
6 bp phdn ddng bdo cdc DTTS theo tin nguong truygn thdng, ddi sdng tin ngudng cua bg cting cd rat nhieu thay ddi. Nhieu nghi li tin ngudng truyen tiidng eua ddng bao cae dan tgc dd bi mai mpt, phai nhat khdng edn duoc tiiuc banh trong ddi sdng. Su mai mdt dan cdc nghi 16 truygn thdng dd dua lai nhung tac dpng tten ca hai mdt cbo ddi sdng vdn hda cua ddng bdo. Mat tieh cue la mdt sd bii tuc dupe loai bd, Iam cho ddi sdng ciia ddng bao vdn minh, tien bp hon. Tuy nhien, bgn canh dd, cung voi su mai mdt cac nghi lg tin ngudng la su phai nhat ddn cac gid tri vdn hda tinygn thdng, ttong dd cd khdng it gid tri dd tiing la nhiingyeu td quan ttpng gdp pban tao ngn ban sdc vdn hda tdc ngudi"".
Nhung nam qua, cting vdi chu truang, cbinh sdch cda Dang, Nha nude, sinh boat van hda, tin ngudng lg hpi cua ddng bdo ede DTTS dd dugc quan tam phuc hdi, phdt buy manh me. Tuy
LYLUAN CHINH TRj-So 5/2020
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THLTCTIEN-KINHNGHILM nhign, van dg rat ldn dat ra hien nay d nhieu dia phuong Id su phuc hdi cdc smh boat tin nguong lg hdi ciia ddng bao lai dang diln ra khdng diing cdeh, lam cho sinh boat tin ngudng, 11 bdi bi hdnh cbinh hda, vd hdnhode la chi chu y phuc hdi, khai tilde nd phue vu cho muc dieh phdt trign du lich md Iam mdt di cai bdn, cai thieng ciia sinh boat tin ngudng, lg hdi.Trong bdi canh mdi cua ddn tpc va tbdi dai, ciing vdi qua trinh giao luu, tiep bien vdn hda, nhieu gid tri vdn hda eiia ede tpc ngudi da dugc dan xen, tiep bien, tham tiidu ldn nhau. Qud trinh ndy dd ldm cho sinh boat tin ngudng ciia cac cdng ddng dan toe dupe bd sung thgm nhigu yeu td mdi phong phu bon, da dang hon. Tuy nhign, ben canh mdt tich cue do, nhigu yeu td tigu cue eung nay sinh ttong sinh boat tin nguong ciia ddng bdo. Mpt sd sinh boat tin ngudng mang dam dac trung van hda tmygn thdng dan tdc lai khdng dugc quan tam duy tii, phuc hdi, thay vao dd la su tiep bien tiiieu ebon Igc ede sinh boat tin nguong xa la vdi van hda tmygn tiidng. Nhigu gia tti ttong smh boat tm nguong ciia cdng ddng ddn bi mai mdt, hi bidn dang lam mdt ddn ban sde van boa dan tdc. Thue te dd da vd dang ddt ra nhieu van de can quan tam giai quyet khdng cbi cbo cdng tdc tin ngudng ma cdn cbo ca qua tiinh bao tdn, phdt huy gid tri vdn hda tmygn thdng cua dong bao cdc DTTS.
2. Mot so Iden nghj
Ttr thuc ttang nhiing van de mdi ndy sinh ttong ddi sdng tdn gido, tin ngudng viing dong bao DTTS nude ta bien nay, tae gta xm khuygn nghi mdt sd giai phdp nhu sau:
- Hoan thidn vi thuehidn chmh sich din tde phai gin vdi chinh sich tdn giio, tin ngudng
Do van de dan toe va van de tdn gido, tin ngudng la bai Unh vuc nhay cam ludn gdn bd chat che vdi nhau, Uen quan tdi eac ygu to cbinh tri, an ninh, qudc phdng, kinh tg, xd hdi, van hda cua
cdc tdc ngudi eiing nhu ciia qudc gia, nen trong qud trinh hoach dinh vd trign khai cbinh sdch phdt trien kinh tg - xa hpi, chinh sdch dan tdc, chinh sdeh tdn gido cdn chu y dgn mdi quan hg cung nhu su tdc ddng biiu co cua hai vdn dg va cac Unh vuc ndy.
Hien nay ngodi edng ddng ngudi Khmer, ngudi Chdm dd cd mdt tdn giao chu luu, thi d khu vuc mien nui phia Bdc, dao Tin lanh cung ddn xdc dinh vi tri ttong cdng ddng ngudi Mdng, a khu vuc Tay Nguygn Id Cdng gido vd dao Tin Idnh ttong edng ddng ngudi Bana, Giarai, Ede,... Cd the noi, ben canh nhu cdu chuyen ddi dice tin ciia mdt bd phdn ddngbdo DTTS la cd that thi cae thg lue chmh tri phdn ddng ciing dang am muu tdn gido hda vung DTTS d nude ta de dan hinh thdnh nhiing cpng ddng tdc ngudi vdi mdt tdn gido chu luu, d l be cho vigc 10 dung, kieb dgng tu tudng tdn giao - dan tde cue doan. Vi vdy, vdi cdc cpng ddng ddn tdc dd cd tdn giao chii luu tii ttong truygn thdng nhu cpng ddng ngudi Khmer, ngirdi Cham, tbi be thdng chmh tri cdc cdp cdn phdt huy vai ttd ciia tdn gido truygn thdng dg eimg eo edng ddng, bao luu gid tri van hda truygn thdng eua tpc ngudi; tbiic day vai ttd tich cue eiia tdn gido ttong phat trign kinh tg - xd hdi vd gdn kdt cdng ddng tpc ngudi vdi quoc gia, ddn tdc.
Vdi cdc cdng ddng DTTS dang ttong qua trinh chuyen ddi diic tin tii tin ngudng da thdn sang theo mpt tdn giao, ngu dg qud trinh tdn gido hda ddn tdc va dan tdc hda I6n giao diin ra theo xu budng moi ddn tdc se cbi cd mdt tdn gido thi se vd ciing bdt lpi, ve lau ddi se tiem an nhiing nguy CO bat dn dinh an ninh chinh tri cua ddt nude ngu nhiing cpng ddng dan tdc nay bi tae ddng bdi cae tutudng tdn gido, ddn toe cue doan. Do dd, chinh sach dan toe, tdn giao cdn hudng tdi nang cao ddi sdng vdt chat, tinh than, bao dam quygn tu do tin nguong, tdn gido eiia ddng bdo cac DTTS nhung
L Y L U A N C H I N H T R I - S O 5/2020
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can hgt siic luu y lam sao dd ddng bdo cac DTTS CO die cd nhigu lua chpn ruem tin, phu hpp vdi nhu cdu vd digu kien thuc te cua ddng bdo, tao ngn su da dang due tin ttong mdi tdc ngudi, trdnh dg bmh tiidnh xu huong mdi cdng ddng dan tdc chi theo mot tdn giao.
-Nhan thuc lai ve vin di ton giio Nhdn thiie ve tdn gido 6 vimg ddng bao DTTS cdn rdt ciing nhdc. Hau hgt mdi chu yeu ehi tap tiung phe phdn truygn dao trdi phdp ludt, ddu ttanh, phg phdn viec lpi dung tdn giao md chua thdy tdn gido xdm nhdp va phdt trien ttong vimg dong bao ddn tpc edn la do nhu cdu cua ddng bao, la tat ygu cda va cham van hda; chu ygu mdi tiiay mat tigu cue ttong su phdt trign ciia dao Tin lanh vd mpt sd bien tupng tdn gido mdi md cbua thdy mat tich cue ciia nd (dem den eho ddng bao mpt ldi sdng mdi vdn minh, tiin bd). Vi vdy, can xem sir phdt trien cua cdc tdn gido trong vimg d6ng bao DTTS la mdt tdt ygu khdch quan ttong qua tiinh md rdng giao luu vdn hda. Tu dd cdn chii y tao dieu kien de tdn gido boat ddng binh tiiudng, tao ngn su giao thoa, dan xen vd tigp bign cac gid tri van hda truygn thong; can quan tam phat huy gid tri vdn hda, dao diic vd ngudn lue cua cdc tdn giao phuc vu qud tiinh xdy dung, phat tiien ddi sdng xd bdi eiia ddng bdo DTTS.
Quan tdm gidi quygt bai hda mdi quan he gida ton gido vdi tin ngudng truygn thdng cua ddng bao cac dan tdc. Khuygn khich xu hudng cac tdn giao "hda ddng", tigp bign vdi ede gid tri vdn hda tOc nguoi. Day manh edng tdc nghign cuu cd ve ly luan va thuc tign nhdm xay dung he thdng dii Ueu caban va hodn thien eo so phdp ly de tigp tue thuc hign cac chinh sdch bdo dam cbo cdc tdn giao phdt trign bmh ddng, khdng de nay sinh them va ldra trdm ttpng hon nhiing mdu thuan cue bp da cd giiia nhiing ngudi theo vd khdng theo tdn giao, giua nhiing ngirdi ed ti'n ngudng va
khdng tin ngudng, giua tin do ngudi DTTS va tin dd ngudi Kinh, giiia cde td chiic tdn giao, giiia nhiing ngudi theo cde tdn giao ldn vd nhiing ngudi theo cdc bien tupng tdn gido mdi; giiia tin dd cua cdc tdn gido va cbinh quyen.
Tdng eudng qudn ly va phat trign nhiing mdi quan he tdn gido, tin ngudng tdt dep giiia cac dan tdc d ttong nude va hen/ xuyen bign gidi; xdy dung cdc cdng ddng dan cu dn dinh vd phat trign d vimg bign gidi, ddng thdi khdng dg hinh thanh nhiing cpng ddng Ugn ket theo cdc td ehiie tdn gido qua tap trung va rgng ldn 6 vimg bien gidi, nhat Id nhiing nm cd nhieu ddng tdc va ddng dao cu tni Uen kg dpc dudng bien.
Tdn trgng, sir dung ddi ngu tri thuc, nhirng ngudi cd uy tin cua tdn giao trong DTTS de hp ldnh dao, tap hgp tin do iing bp, phdi hpp voi cbinb quygn thue hien tdt eac chinh sach dan tgc vd chinh sach tdn giao, ddng thdi chdng lai nhiing td chiic lpi dung tdn giao, tin ngudng boat dpng trai phdp luat.
Vdi cac hien tupng tdn giao mdi, cdn binb ttnh nhin nhan, danh gid khdch quan, phdn bigt nhu cdu tin ngudng chan chinh ciia dong bao vdi cac banh vi lpi dung tdn gido, tin nguong. Neu cdc bien tupng tdn giao mdi xuat hien tten ca sd nhu edu diie tin cua ddng bdo va dap iing dupe cdc dieu kien quy dinh eua phdp ludt thi cdn phai tdn ttpng va tao dieu kien timg budc cbo boat dpng binh tbudng, bao dam quygn tu do tin ngudng cua ngudi dan.
- Quin triet thuc hien nguydn tie binh dang tdn giio trong vdng ddng bio DTTS
Nhung ndm qua, d vimg ddng bdo DTTS nude ta thuc bien nguyen tdc binh ddng tdn giao cdn mdt sd vdn dg can dupe quan tam giai quyet. Cd thg neu hai van de ldn nhu sau:
Thunhit, khi da cdng nhdn va cbo phep cdc td chiie cua dao Tin lanh boat ddng ttong vung
LY LUAN CHINHTRI-So 5/2020
T H l / C T I E N - K I N H NGHIEM
ddng bao DTTS thi vdi nhiing td cbiic dd dap iing dti eae quy dinh cua phap ludt, cdn nhanh ehdng tao digu kien thuan lpi cho sinh hoat tdn gido cua ddng bdo nhu van de dat dai, xay dung co sd thd tu, van de ngudi hudng ddn viec dao, kinh saeh...
Thuhai, vdi cae tdn gido mdi xuat hien ddp ling dugc nhu cdu cua ddng bdo, khdng ttdi vdi thudn phong, my tuc, khdng di nguoc lai Ipi ich cua ddn toe va khong xdm pham an ninh quoc gia thi can tdn ttpng sir tim kigm niem tin cua ddng bdo, tiiuc hien binb ddng trong lua ebpn diic tin, timg bude dap iing nhu cau sinh boat tara linh eban cbinh cua dong bdo cdc DTTS.
- Nhan thixlai van debio tdn, phathuygii tri van hoa, tin ngudng cua ddng bao cic DTTS
Can xera xet lai cdch bao tdn gta tri van hda, tin ngudng truygn thdng ciia ddng bao cae DTTS.
Trdnh bai thdi cue: bode la bao tdn cd nhiing phong tuc, tap quan lac hdu, hu tuc; hoac la bao tdn khdng cd "hdn", xa eiing.
Can cbu dpng, huong ddn, tao digu kien cho qua trinh "bien dai hda" tin ngudng tmyen thdng ciia ddng bao eac DTTS de loai bo dan nhiing hu tue lae hdu, giii gin, bao tdn cac gid tri ban sdc van boa toe nguoi. Nang cao nhdn thiic cbo dong bao cdc DTTS dg ddng bao tu nhan tbiie va tu gidc xda bd bu tuc lac hdu, khdng bi lgi dung vdo ede boat ddng tdn gido, tin ngudng khong chan cbinh. Vdn de ban sdc tpc ngudi cung can cd nhdn thiic lai de trdnh roi vao tri tte, lac hau. Qud trinh sinh sdng cpng cu, giao luu, hdi nhdp, cac edng ddng dan tpc tigp thu, tigp bien gia tii van hda ldn nhau la xu the tat ygu. Do vay, bao tdn, phdt huy ban sdc van hda tdc ngudi phdi lam sao cbo nhiing gid tti van hda do dupe thuc hanh sdng ddng trong ddi sdng thuc tidn, dera lai nhtrng Ipi ich thigt thuc cho ddng bao, ddng tiidi bao dam nhirng gid tri do cung ludn dugc bd sung, lam giau thgm bdi nhung gid tri mdi phu hpp.
- Phit triin dm song vit chat, tinh dian, bao dam quyin tudo tin ngudngcua ddngbao DTTS vinlinSn tang ea ban di giii quyit nhdng van di niy sinh tir tdn giio tin ngudng.
Phdt trien ddi sdng vdt chat, tinh than cua ddng bao tnrdc tien can tap tnmg phdt tiien kinh te, uu tien tiiuc day CNH, HDH. Khi ddi sdng vat chat vd ttnh thdn duge nang cao, sinh hoat tdn giao, tin ngudng cua ddng bao cung se dan ban che dupe nhtmg bu tuc, lac bau. Ddi sdng vdt chat, tinh than dupe ndng cao cting tao tign de cho ddng bao tigp nhdn nhiing gid tri van hda mdi, tign bd, phu hpp, ddng tbdi cdng nhdn thuc rd hon gid tri van hda tdc ngudi cdn dupe bdo tdn, phat buy D
(1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8) Khao sat cua de tai:
"Nhdng van de mai trong tdn giio, tin ngudng d vhng din toe thidu sdnudc ta hien nay". Ma sd:
CTDT: 34.18/16-20, tiiuc hien nam 2018, 2019 tai mpt sd tinh mien nui phia Bac, khu vuc Tay Nguyen, duyen hai mign Trung va khu vuc Tay NamBp.
Tai lieu tham khao:
1. Le Van Lpi (Cbu bign): Giai quyit van dedan tdc, tdn giio d Viet Nam trong giai doan hien nay, Nxb Ly luan chinh tri, Ha Npi, 2018.
2. Vien Han lam Khoa hpc va Cong nghe Viet Nam:
Bao cao tdnghop dS'tii: Van ditdn giao trongphat Men bin vung Tay Nguyen, ma sd: TN3/X6, Ha Noi, 2014.
3. Nguyin Van Minh: Ca'c hidn tugng tdn giio mdi a vimg din tgc thiiu so Tiy Nguyen hien nay. Tap chi Khoa hgc xa hdi so 4/2016.
4. Nguyin Ngpc Mai: Biin ddi tdn giao tmyen thdng a cic tdc ngudi thiiu so mien nUiplnaBic VietNam hien nay. Tap chi Nghien cihi Tdn giao, so 9/2014
LYLUAN CHINH TRI-So 5/2020
