N G H l i N C ^ U
t
M6i quan h^ giua thuc hien trach nhi€m xa hdi cAa | doanh nghiep voi su hai long va tin tuong cua ngudi
lao dong tai Tong Cong ly Due Giang
Phgm Viet Thing
TVudng Dal hoc Kinh te - Dai hoc Qufic gia Ha NOi
Tom Idl: Myc dich cua nghien ciiu la xem xel mdi quan he giila h^ch nhifem xa hOi cua docinh nghifip (TNX- HDN) vbi muc do hai long va miic dp tin tuong cua nguoi lao dpng tgi Tdng Cdng ty Diic Giang. Dua trfin dli lifiu khao sat thuc tfi', nghifin ciiu ti^n hanh phan tich du lieu thdng qua 03 budc: (i) ki^m d|nh dO tin cSy cOa thang do; (ii) phSn tich nhan td khSm ph^ EFA; (iii) phan tich nh&i td khdng djnh CFA. K^t qu4 phto tich cho thgy; nhto td ch^ d6 dai ngp va bao tra xa hdi va nhSn td viec lam Vci phat tri€n quan h§ lao ddng toh hwhiD thuto ldi miic dp tin tudng ciia ngudi Iao ddng; nhdm nhto td vi^c lam vh phat triln lao ddng, nlito t6 d<fi thoai
Ttr khda: Trach nblem xa hoi, mO hinh cgu bijc mang, T6ng cong ty €)uc Giang.
1. Mff dau
Trong bdi canh loan cSu boa va hoi nhap quO'c t^, Oiuc hi§n trach nhigm xa hpi cua doanh nghigp (TNX- HDN) CO quan trO quan trong gOp ph4n nang cao nang iyc canh tranh cua doanh nghi&p ben Oil tnrong. TNX- HDN bao g6m cac hoat dong nhu bao vg mot buong.
Uii/c hign chinh sach d6i v6i ngir6i lao dOng. quan bl C6ng ty minh bach, san xu^t bgn vimg va tham gia vao phat Iri^n cOng d6ng. Nhan Uiuc duoc tdm quan trong cua vigc Uiyc hign TNXHDN. nhigu hoc gia bgn Uie gidl da nghign cuu cac chti di kbac nhau lien quan tot TNXHDN. Kgt qua nghign cuu cua cac tac gia da cht ra rang TNXHDN co tac dpng lich cuc dgn kgt qua hoat dOng ciia doanh nghigp TNXHDN tir do duoc xem nhu chig'n luoc quan trong ciia doanh nghigp bong vigc tao ra Ipi thg canh tranh tai cac quoc gia phat trign. Ngay cang co nhigu doanh nghigp nhan thiic rang hp khOng the chi dat duy nhSt muc dich toi da hda Ipi nhuan ma cbn phai Oiuc hign cac trach nhigm dOi vol xa hpi.
Ngan hang Thg gioi (2003) da dlnh ngbia TNXHDN nhu la su cam kgt cua doanh nghigp dong gop vao vigc phat trign kinh te ben vung. Oiong qua nhimg boat dpng nham nang cap chSl luong doi sfing cua nguoi lao dong va cac toanh vign gia dlnh ho, cho cong dong va loan xa hpi. thep each cp toi cho ca TNXHDN khong clii la iam til Otlgn ma bap ham nhigu khia canh nhu: (,) Bao vg moi tniong; (ii) gop phan phat togn cpng dfing; (III) canh tranhlanh m,Ah (,v"
bao dam lpi ich cho nguoi tigu dung; (v) nguoi lao fn CP™",! T ' ^ ' ^ "f " - ' " ^ ' " ™ " "§"*i' WO 1"iSn irl CPng ly. Trong do. 4 yeu to dau lign Oie hien trach
8 K . . .
nhiem bfin ngoai ciia doanh nghi$p, cdn 3 y^u td sau the hi^n trach nhifim b6n trong, ndi t^i cOa doanh nghi&p. NhOng ndi dung cu thd v^ tr&ch nhifim xft hftl cho chiing ta thSy viec thi,rc hifn TNXHDN khdng cW don thuan giUp doanh nghifip phat tri^n bfin vdng, mi cdn gdp phdn vko sif phat biln chung cua cOt^ dinj va xa hdi.
0 Viet Nam, TNXHDN da dug-c cdc doanh nghi&p quan tam thuc hidn trong nhfrng nam gin day. Tiy nhifin, do chua thay dupc vai trd quan trpng cflng nhtf Ioi ich ttr vide thuc hifin bach nhi§m xS hdi dem tfd, ndn nhi^u doanh nghidp da khdng lam bdn trich nhifim ciia minh vdl xa hdi, vdi ngudi lao ddng. "Hiyc le cho thSy, nhung vu xam pham quy^n vk lpi fch twfp phap cua ngudi lao deng trong cac doanh nghl§p tji
\^fit Nam dang ngay cang gia ttog. Bfin ctoh dd, quSn li nha nuoc Idng ldo, vto ban phap luat khdng sit thyc tfi cung la nhOng nguydn nhto lam cho hi$u qui cda vific thuc hidn TNXH doi vdi ngudi lao ddng t^ii (Ac doanh nghifip Vidt Nam, dac bift la trong cic doanh nghifip ddt may cdn h^n ch^.
IMac dil da cd nhi^u hpc gid bong nudc va qudc tfi nghifin CIJU cac van dd khac nhau ciia TNXHDN. Tuy nhien, sd lupng cac nghifin cuu Hfin quan T^fXHDN Irong nganh dfit may cdn rfit han chd, djc bift tnjng bdi canh Vifit Nam hdi nhap sau rdng vAo nfin kinh rf thd gidi. Do dd, myc dich ciia nghifin ciiu niy li x«n xet mdi quan hd gifia "bach nhifm xa hdi ciia doanh nghifip" vdi "miic dd hai Idng va tin tudng ciia lywH lao ddng". Du lifu dupc thu th^p thdng qua diiu tra khao sat ngudi lao ddng va nhto vifin quto \$ tgJ Tfing cang ty Diic Giang. Nam thang do v6 TNXHDN *9 ^ nguoi lao ddng dupc sii dung trong nghifin c(Hl6a8
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d t ' l 6 * ^ ' S , ' ' t o " ' H " f d " ? : ; ; " * ' " ° ".»"«• r ' " * • * * "'''' "^""^ '^^ P " * " m ^ m p h a n deb ca'u m i c ua, ngp va Dap b o xa hpi; doi Oioai xa hol; s u e k h o e tuyen tinh AMOS21
va an loan noi lam vigc; d a o tao va phat bign nam! luc .„_
nhan vign. ' B i n i. M6 M O aghfa < ^ TPOCHDN ait va ngnW l«o aflng Vl^lamvSqiuiii
2. M6 hinh (a pliuDni Phap niJiien ciu
Dua b g n tfing q u a n c a c nghign cihi Irons n u o c va qufic lfi (ISO 26000, Meyer va Allen, 1991; Homburg va Slock, 2004). nghign cuu nay da sir dung 05 Oiang d o vg TNXHDN dfii vtSi nguoi tao dPng. bao gfim: (1) vtec lam va phai bign quan h e lao dfing; (2) chg dfi dai ngfi va bao tto xa hfii; (3) dfii Oioji xa hfii; (4) sue khoe va an loan noi tam vigc; (5) dao tao va phat bign nang luc nhan vign. Trong do. ttiang d o vg vific tam va phat ttign quan hfi lao dpng d u p c d o luong bfii 07 quan sat (Vlaml-7), Oiang d o c h e dfi dai ngfi va bao b o xa hoi d u p c do tuong boi 07 quan sat (Dngot-7), Oiang d o dfii tlioai xa bfil d u o c d o luong btiri 08 quan sat (DOioail- 8). Oiang d o sijc khfie va a n toan noi lam vigc d u o c d o tuong boi 08 quan sat (SKATt-8) va Oiang d o d a o tao va phat ttign nang lire nhan vign d u p e d o iuong boi 07 quan sat (DTFn-7). c a c Oiang do lign quan loi m u c d o hai tfing (HLI-6) va On tufing cua nguoi lao dfing lTluongl-6), mfii Oiang d o d u p c dp luong btji 06 quan sat. Hmh 1 ttinh bay mfi hinh nghign cuu TNXHDN dfi'i vol ngufii lap dfing va c a c gia Uiuygt luong ting vpi c a c mOi Ign.
Bang hfii sau khi hpan Uiign duoc gui lpi 270 dpi tupng dupc hfii (bap gfim cfing nhan va can bfi tai Tfing cfing ty Due Giang), sfi p h i & nhan duoc va hop tg ta
^foofl^*", ^ ' ^ ^ '"'•'*^- ™ = ° H ' * "^ MC <^fing su (1398), dg Uluc hign duoc phan Och nhan to EFA Oil kich Uiuorc cua mau ap dung ttong nghign cuu phat tfit Uilfiu la g i p 5 lin tfing sfi bien quan saL Bai nghign ctiu cfi 49 bign quan sat, n h u vay sfi mSu tfii Uiieu la 49*5 = 245; Doi vol phan Och hfit quy da bien: c o m i u lpi Uiigu c&i dal dupc anh Uieo cfing UKic la 50 -f 8«m (m- so bign dfic ISp) (Tabacbnick va FideU, 1996). Nghign ciiu cfi 7 bifin dfic lap, d o vJy kich OiuOc mau loi Oilgu ta- 50+8*7 = 106 quan sat. Nhu vay. tfing so m i u ttong nghign cuu la 256 la hoan t o i n phii hop voi yeu cSu dupc dat ra va d a m bao Unh dai dign cho tfing Uie.
Cac Uiang dp d u p c danh gia s o bo thOng qua 2 cfing CM chinh la hg sS On cay Cronbach Alpha va phan Uch yfiu tfi k h a m pha EFA. Hg sfi Cronbach Alpha duoc sit dung ttufic dg loai c a c bien khong phii hop ttudc. c a c bign cfi hg sS luong quan bien long (Item - Total cotreiaOon) nhfi hon 0.30 sg bl Ipai v l
! ' > n i ' n r ^ . ' ' ' ' ? » " * " ^ ' ' ° ^ " ° =* " » « " <:ay Alpha tir 0.60 Iro Ign (NunnalltyvaBemteln. 1994) Tigp Uieo phuong p h a p EFA d u o c su dung. Trong p h i n nay. cac bign CO ttpng sfi (factor Ipading) nhp hon 0,40 ttons EFA sfi tigp nrc bl loai. Thang do d u p c c h i p nhan ktj tfing phuong sai ttich b i n g h o j c IOn hon 50% (Gertjino va Anderson, 1988). Cufii cilng. Oiang d o duoc danh gia lai bang phuong phap phan Uch nhan tS khang
3. Kel qua phan deh lal Tifng Cong ty Diic Giang
3.1. Khai q u a t vt Tdng Cfing ly Biic Giang Tong Cfing ty Birc Giang duirc Ulinh lap v i o n a m 1989 vol tgn gpi XI nghiep san xuat va dlcb vu May Due Giang. Tir Uiang 12/2008 sau m n l sfi l i n dfii tgn Cfing ty dpi tgn Uianh Tfing Cfing ty Due Giang. hoat dfing Uieo m o hinh Cfing ty m e - Cfing ty cpn va thep Luat Dpanh nghigp Tong COng ty c o 06 xf nghigp may 01 XI nghifip giat, Uigu, 01 ttung tam Oilgt kg m i u va 05 showrppm glpj Uiigu va ban san p h i m . giai quygt vigc iMU c h e gan 2500 lap dpng. c a c san p h i m chinh ciia Tfing Cong ty gfim fio s o mi nam, nit c a o c a p a o Jacket n a m nir cao cap. q u i n Au. q u i n Sooc.' a o Veston, vay w... Cac san p h i m c u a Tfing Cong ty d u p c nguoi Ugu dung ttong va ngoai n u o c danh gia cao.
Bgn canh vigc tap ttung d i u tu m o rfing s i n xuat tai c a c dla phuong, gop p h i n on dinh cfing an vigc lam cho nguoi lao dfing, tanh dao Tfing COng ty da Iuon lufin quan tam den cong tac dao tao va phat trign ngufin nhan luc dfi d a p irng ygu c i u ngay cang c a o cua CO chg Ull buong Oifing qua vigc m o cac lop hpc tai Ou s o ctia Tfing Cong ty. Ngoai ra. Tfing Cfing ly cung rat chii bpng nfing c a p doi sfing vat chat va Onh Uian cho nguoi lao dfing va chia se trach nhiem vol cpng dong Oifing qua c a c hoat dfing xay nha Unh nghia va dpng gfip Ong hfi c a c quy Kr Oiign.
3.2. Kfit q u a p h a n Och
T K J S J ' - * " "*''• ""^ '^^^ Sia moi quan hg giua I NXHDN dfii vol mitc dfi hai long. On tuong va c a m kfit cua nguoi tao dfing tal Tfing Cong ly Diic Giang nghien cuu Oen hanh Oifing qua 03 buoc: (i) kiem dinb dp tm cay cua Uiang dp; (Ii) p h a n Uch nhan to kham p h a EFA. (ill) phan Och nhan tfi k h i n g dlnh CFA - Kiem dinh dp Un cay Uiang do cho thay h i u het c a c bien trong c a c Uiang dp TNXHDN. mtic dp hai Ipng m u c dfi On tuong va miic dp cam kel cua nguoi lap dpng deu cp h e sp Crpnbach's Alpha > 0 6 va he SP tuong quan bien long >0.4. Cac bign khfing thao man b! loai khoi mfi hinh bao gfim: DthoaI4, DlhoaiS
NGH^qyu
SKAT6, SKAT7, SKAT8, DTPTl, DTPT3, Ttuong I, Ttuong 2.
- Phan tich nhan td EFA: Tien hanh phan tich EFA i4n 1 cho cac nhdm nhan td, kdt qua cho thay KMO, kidm dinh Bartlett's va tdng phuong sai trich deu thda man ydu cau dat ra (Bang 1). Tuy nhien, bidn quan sat Vlam5, Vlam4, Dngo7, SKATl, DTPT2, TtuongS, DthoaiG khdng thda man vd he sd tai nhan td. Do vay, cac bidn quan sat nay can Ioai khdi md hinh.
Simt L Ktl q»i KMO limt hgp 2 I n ^ w EFA K M O o a d BtrOOft T s t K i u e r - M e y c r - O l k m M e u m c e£ SvnpUng A d e q u a c v
B u t l e t t i Teat o f S p h c n c i t y
A p p m x . C h i - S q u B E df Sifr T ^ p b m n i g n i t d c h (%)
U D I 0 . S 4 3 4 6 1 9 . 4 5 8
7 8 0 . 0 0 0 S 8 . I 0 S
L t i i 2 0.E39 3WI1.J77
S28 . 0 0 0 6 0 . 4 7 3
ndp tyc thuc hidn phan b'ch EFA lAn 2 cho nhdm nhan td nay thu duoc kdt qua vd KMO, Bartlett's test, tdng phuong sai trich ddu thoa man yeu c^u. Cac he sd tai nhan td bong bang xoay ma tran ddu ldn hon 0.5. Kdt qua phan tich cung cho thay cho thay, cd 07 nhan Id du(?c nJt bich ra va cac bien quan sat ddu thda man vd hd sd tai. Cac nhan td khdng cd su xao bdn vd thang do n6n hau hdt ten nhan td ban dau dugrc giij nguydn.
- Phan tich CFA: Sau khi thuc hidn phan Uch nhan td kham pha, tac gia tidn hanh phan b'ch nhan td khAng djnh CFA, kdt qua bpng sd hdi quy chu^n hda cho thay hku hdt cac trpng sd ddu Idn hon 0.5, Ujy nhidn trpng sd ciia bidn quan sat Vlam3 = 0.477<0.5 nen can loai bidn quan sat nay khdi md hinh dam bao gia bl hOi tu. Ket qua phan b'ch CFA sau khi loai bidn VlamS Ihu dupc nhu bong hmh 2: CMlN/df = 1 508<2- TLI, CFI ddu > 0.9; RMSEA = 0.051 <0.08 va > 0 05 kheng dang kd. Nhu vay, md hinh hoan loan thich hop vdi bd dtr lidu va thj budng.
Hmh 2. Ket qai phan tkh n h u to
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4. Ket lu|n va danh gla
Kfit qua hinh 2 cung cho Oriy c4c bi«n iiuan sa trong mfi hinh deu cfi bijng sfi > 0.5, nfin cac Ihamiito dat gia bf hfii tu. Bang 2 cho thSy: fl) nhan 16 chlds dat ngfi v4 bao bo xa hfii (bao gfim ehfi dfi luiZ ttimrng, bao higm y tfi - xa hfii phfi hpp v4 c4c hoa dfing van hfia, Uig Oiao) vfi nliSn tfi v i ^ Bm vi phai bien quan he Iao dfing (bao gfim vigc doanh nghigp lufin man Old Luat lao dfing va cac quy d|nh nha ninSc dfii vol nguod tao dpng; dpanh nghifip dim bSo co hfii Oiang Ofin cfing bing, blnh ding cho ngufii lao dOng- trpng doanh nghigp nguoi lap dfing Ulm vigc cfi Unh Olin tap Otfi va dpan kfit; cfing doan hoat dfing UJii qua va CO vai bo rfi rang trong doanh nghi&p) Snh huong Oman KSI mire dfi On hrong ctia ngufii lao dOng Theo Oiong kg cua Tfing Cfing ty cho ttiiy, miic iuong bung binh cua nguoi lap dfing nim 2015 la 7,2 ttigu/nguoI/Oiang (day la miic kha cao dfii vfii cac doanh nghigp dgt may). Bfin c?nh dfi, Tfing Cfing ly cung khfing ngimg nang cao dfii sfing v^t chSt, Unh Olin va hinh dfi ehuygn mfin ciia ngufii lao dfing.
Hang nam Tfing Cfing ty dfiu tfi chiic ngbl mat cho cfa bp cfing nhan vign, Ip ehfi dfi, tfi chiic Tfil Nguygn dfa va cac ngay Lg day dii, ehu dao; (II) nhfim nhan lfi vigc iam va phat bign lao dfing, nhan tfi dfit thoal xa hpi, nhan tfi dap tap va phat bign nhan vign va nhiira nhan tfi su On tufing anh hufing ttiu§n 161 si; hai Ifing cua nguoi lao dfing. Vdl nhUng kfit qua Ueh c|rc nay Hi cho Uiay, vigc thuc hign TNXHDN lal Tfing COng ty Biic Giang dang duoc Uiirc hlfin tfit, dem lai nhOng anh hufing Uch cue dfii vol su On hrfing vfi hai tfing ciia ngufii tao dfing trong Tfing Cfing ty. Dfing Uifil, k^t quS nfiy cflng cho th%, nhimg chifin lutjic, chinh sach ciia Tfing Cong ty vg TNXHDN dang dupc ttwc hl^n dfag d ^ nhim huong ttii muc Ufiu phat bign bgn vdng,
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Tai lieu tham khao
1. Ch. Homburg, R. Stock (2004), The Link Between Salespeople's Job Satisfaction and Customo Satisfaction in a Business-to-Business Contei* A Dyadic Analysis, Joumal of the Academy of Markelbig Science, 32, 2, 144-158. ,
XemBiptraigT
dupc mpc Udu chidn lupc cfla minh ttong flu hudng ndng ddng (Prahaiad & Hamel, 1990; Sanchez &
Heene, 1996,2004,2008; Freiling & clg. 2008). Nhuvay, da CO su ehuydn Bdp ttong dtah hudng nghidn eflu gifla If ttlflydl ngudn luc va if Oiuyet nang luc. Chuyen ttpng ldm nghidn ciiu Ur ngudn luc cd sdn ttong DN sang qua ttinh phdi kdt hpp ttong qua ttmh sfl dflng cdc ngudn h^, kha nang dd tgo ra nang luc canh ttanh. Trong mdi ttudng cgnh ttanh ngay cang gay gat, DN edn phat ttidn nang luc dd tdn Uli (Zhou va Li 2010) vd cdc DNNW cdn phdt ttien nhidu nang luc Idt hon so vdi cdc DN Mn dd khdc phuc hgn chd vd quy md nhd vd hogt dpng lot hon ddi ttifl canh ttanh (Borch va Madsen, 2007; Terziovski, 2010).
CdcDNNWdVidI Nam hidn nay ddueddacdiem la ngudn luc bl gidi han va Oiudng ddi mat vdi dp Ipc cgnh ttanh ttong mdl ttudng kinh doanh Oiay ddi nhanh chdng, chmh dp Ipc ndy da de doa su tdn tai cua cdc DN. Do dd khi nghidn eflu vd NLCT cfla cac DNNW. Oieo quan di«m cfla tic gid Ou each Odp cjn NLCT Oieo ly Oiuydt nang lpc la phfl hpp vfti dac diim cfla cae DNNW va cdc didu kidn v4 mdi ttudng kinh doanh hidn nay d Vidl Nam. Vdi quan didm ndy khdi mem vd NLCT cfla DNNW dupc hidu nhu sau:
Nang Ipc cgnh ttanh cfla DNtWV la vide khai Oiac sfl dpng cac ydu td nang luc cfla DN dd duy tti va tao ra lpi ttld cgnh ttanh nham dgt dupe kdt qua hogt ddng kinh dognh ego ban so vfti ddi Uifl vd Oileh flng vol nhthig Oiay ddi cfla mdi ttudng kinh doanh.
Blnh nghia ndy khdng chi dd cJp tdi cac ydu td ndi tflc cfla mdi DN dflt?c ttnh bdng cdc ngudn Ipc vd tai chinh. nhan lpc. Id ehue qudn ttl, Uidng On OU ttudng ... mdt cdch ridng bidt md cdn Old hidn su id chflc' phdi hpp Sli dflng cdc ngudn luc. cac loi Uid bdn ttong vd bdn ngodi DN nhdm tgo ra NLCT vd dgt mpc Odu cflg DN mpt cdch bdn vflng ttong mdi ttudng ludn bien dpng. phfl hpp vfti dac didm sfl dpng cdc yeu td ngudn ipc mpt cdch linh hogt cfla DNNW Viet Nam
4.Keiii»
Qua nghidn cuu eac ly Biuydt ve NLCT cflng nhfl cac quan didm vd NLCT cua DNIWV. Uieo quan didm cua tac gia thi khai nidm NLCTT cfla DNtWV dupc de xudt sd giflp cac DNNW hidu rd ve NLCT vd cac ydu to cdu Oianh tVLCT, ldm co sd dd dd xuat cacgiaiphap nhdm nang cao tMLCT cua DN.
Tai lien ttam kkao
1. Bamey, J. (1991). Finn Resources and Sustamed CompeBOve. Joumal of Management, 99-
2. CresweU, J. W. (2003). Research Design:
QualltaOve, (JuanBlaOve and Muted Methods Approaches (2 ed.). Thousand Oaks CA: Sage.
3. Flanagan, R.. W.Lu, LShen. C. Jewell. 2007.
CompeOUveness in conshucOon: a criOcai review of research. ConsttucUonManagement and Economics Voi. 25(9), pp.989-1000
4. Nunnally, J.. & Bemstein. L (1994). Psychomettic Oieory. New York: McGraw- Hill.
5. Porter. M. E. (1980). Competitive Strategy- Techniques for Analyzing hldustties and CompeUtors New York: Sunon and Schuster.
6. Sanchez. R.. & Heene. A. (1996). Sttategic Leanung and Knowledge Management West Sussex. England: John WUey & Sons Ltd.
7. Teece. D., Pissano, G.. & Shuen, A. (1997) Dynamic CapabiliOes and Sttategic Management Sttategic Management Joumal, 509-533.
8. Wint, A G, 2003. CompeUUveness in Small Devetopmg Economies: hislghls from Oie Caribbean Kingston: The Uraversity of Oie West Indies Press.
M6i quan M giua thuc hign trach nhiem xa hdi...
7 7 ^ theo trang 10
2. Gertjing, David W, & Anderson. James C (1988) An updated paradigm for scale development incorpo- raUng uradunensionaUty and its assessment. Joumal of MarkeOng research, 186-192.
3. Hair. JR. Jnr, Anderson, & RE, TaOiam RL &
Black, WC (1998). MulUvariate data analysis. Pearsiin 4. ISO (2010). ISO 26000 Guidelines on social responslM^. http://www.iso.org/iso/home/stan.
dardsrtso26000. ITnrycap 10/10/20121.
5. Meyer, JP 4 Allen, NJ. (1991). A Uiree-eompo- nenl concephiallzadon of oiganizaUonal commiunent.
Human Resource Management Review, 1 (I), 61. 89.
6. Nunnally, JC. Bemsteui, m (1994). Psychometric Uieoiy. New Yorii (3rd ed.): McGraw-Hill.
7. Tabacbnick, B. G., & FideU, L. S. (1996) Using mulUvariate staOsttcs (3rd ed.). New York HarperCollins.
2015' " " ^ '^°"* "^ °^ " ' ^ ^ ° '"*" "*"^ ''*' " ^ 9. World Bank (2003). Public Policy for Corporate Soaal Responsibillty. Worid Bank