TAP CHl KHOA HOC TRlCrvG D.\l HQC H 6 N G PL C - S 6 48.2020
TL TU Tl/OfNG HO CHl MINH VE PHAT TRIEN NONG NGHIEP S L \ NGHI VE VIEC PHAT TRIEN NONG NGHIEP XANH
VA BEN VfTNG O NL 6 c TA HIEN N.\Y Mai Thj Lao'
TOM TAT
Trong di sdn lu Ufdng cua Chu tich Hd Chi Minh de lgi cho chung ta. nr nrdng vephdt triin ndng nghiep la mgt hg phgn trong he thdng tu ludng kinh te cua .\gtrm. Nghien ciru tir ludng cua Ngirdi ve ndng nghiep vd viec van dung ddi vdi viee phdt trien ndng nghiep xanh vd ben vimg a tnrac la hien nay Id vdn de quan trgng vd cdn thiet.
Tir khda: Tu ludng Hd Chi Minh. nong nghiep. ridng nghiep xanh.
I . D A T V A N D E
Chii lich Hd Chi Minh cho rang, Viel Nam id mpt nudc sdng \ c ndng nghipp. Nen kinh la cua ta idy canh ndng ldm gdc. Tu tudng ciia Ngudi ve phdt trien kinh ta ndng nghipp da duyc Ddng vd Nhd nudc ta quan tript, van dung phu hpp vdi tung thdi ky ljeh sir. D^e bipl, trong Ihdi ky doi mdi, thyc hipn cdng nghipp hoa, hipn dai hda nong nghipp ndng thdn, tu tudng cua Ngudi da trd thdnh "kim chi nam" de Ddng Cpng sdn Vipl Nam xdy dyng dudng loi ehien luge phat tnen kinh ta - xd hpi noi chung, nen kinh ta nong nghipp xanh vd ben viing d nudc la hien nay.
2 NOI DUNG
2.1. Tir tirong Ho Chi Minh ve phat trien nong nghiep
Thir nhdt, ve vai trd cua sdn xudt ndng nghiep: Coi trong vai tro ciia sdn xudl ndng nghipp doi vdi vipc phat trian kinh la va cai thipn ddi sdng nhdn ddn, ngay irong ngay dau Cdch mang thdng Tdm mdi Ihdnh cdng, trong thu gui dien chu ndng gia Vipl Nam, Ho Chi Minh dd viel: "Viet Nam la mgt nudc song ve nong nghiep. Nan kinh te ciia la Idy canh nong lam gdc. Trong cdng cude xay dyng Nudc nha, Chinh phii trdng mong vdo ndng dan, yong c$y vao nong nghiep mot phdn ldn. Nong dan ta giau thi nudc ta giau. Nong nghiep la thjnh thi nudc ta thinh" [5; tr.246]. Ngudi con chi ro moi quan he khdng kbit giiia cdng nghipp. vdi ndng nghiep: "mudn phdt trien cong nghiep, phat trien kinh le noi chung phai lay vipc phdi trien ndng nghiep ldm gdc, lam chinh. Neu khdng phdt trien ndng nghiep thi khong CO CO sd da phat triin cdng nghiep vi ndng nghipp cung cdp nguyen lieu, luong thyc cho cong nghiep vd lieu thy hdng hda ciia cdng nghiep lam ra" [7: tr.635].
Thu hai, tu nrdng Hd Chi Minh ve phdt Vien nen sdn xudl ndng nghiep todn dien.
Sdn xudl ndng nghipp loan dien theo quan nipm cua Hd Chi Minh, trudc hel la, phdi co ngdnh trdng ypt phdt triSn loan dien bao gdm lr6ng cdc cay lucmg thuc, cdy cong nghiep, cay an qua, cdy lay go. N^u chi "chii ypng lua ma khdng cham nom ngo, khoai, san, cung
Khoa Ly lugn Chinh trj - Lugt. Tnrcmg Dai hoc Hong Di'rc
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TAP CHi tOiOA HQC TRlTdNC DAI HQC H 6 N G Dl ^ ^ t j j g j ^
khdng duyc. Hoac chi chdm ve cay luong ihyc ma khdng chdm \ e cdy cdng nghipp cung a khu>ci diam" [8; tr.255]. Do dd, phdi tap tnmg phdt triSn cay luoTig thyc. nhdt la c;i> lua vi no gidi quyat nhu cdu cap thiet ve"cai an" cho ddng bdo. Song, cung cdn phdi chu y pnai trien cdy hoa mdu khde de lam thuc an cho gia sue, gia cdm. phdt trien ngdnh chdn nuoi. vi ihiau hoa mau chdn nudi se kem phdt irien. Ddng Ihdi, quan lam trdng cac ca\ cdng nghipp nhu ddu ldm, lac, bdng, vimg. mia. cd phe, che,... de vira eo nguyen lipu ldm syi cho nganh dpi vdi, gidi quyet "cai mac" cho ddng bdo, \ara Id nhCmg cdy cho hipu qud kinh la cao, la ngudn hdng xudt khdu da doi idy ngoai Ip vd mdy mdc.
Khi ddt nudc ehuan bi diau kipn 6e xdy dyng ndng thdn mdi, Ngudi dd viet: "Chiing ta dang chudn bi xdy dyng ndng thdn mdi. Vipc ddu lien cua ndng ihdn mdi Id xdy dyng nhd o cho dodng hodng. Muon v$y, Ihi ngay tir bdy gid phdi trdng cay nhiau vd tdt de lay go... Cdy dn qua, cay ldm eiii, cay cdng nghipp cung Id ngudn Igi to ldn. Cung nen ra sue trong cdy da chdng gid eat, bao ve rudng, chdng xdi mdn" [9; y.446], trdng cdy "vira ich nudc vira Igi nhd", bdo \ e moi Irudng sinh thai. Vi vay, Hd Chi Minh da kau goi Id chirc
"Tel trdng cay". \ di khdu hipu "Ngudi ngudi trdng cay, nha nhd trdng cay". Trong dd, mdi lyc lugng dau cd vai yo nhdt dinh "Thanh nian phy yach vipc trdng cdy. Ddng thdi phdi kat hgp vdi lyc lugng cac cu phu lao vd cdc chdu thieu nhi... Phdi giao dye cho cac chdu thiau nhi bdo vc vd cham sdc cdy cdi" [8; tr.472].
Thir ba. ngdnh chdn nudi phdt triin: Ngudi coi "Chdn nudi Id mgi myc quan trgng trong ke hoach phat trien ndng nghipp" [7; y.236]. Chdn nudi khdng nhCrng Id nguon Ihyc pham quan ypng ma cdn cung cdp phdn bdn cho Irong ygt. Chan nuoi va trdng trpl cd moi quan hp mat thiet. lucmg ho vdi nhau. Trong chan nudi, chii trgng chdn nudi trau, bo, Ign, vi dd Id nguon Igi Idn vua cung cap thyc phdm cho ddi sdng hang ngdy, vira Id mpt ngudn phdn bdn tot cho nigng nuong. Ho Chi Minh da nhdc nhd nhdn dan "Phdi chii y phdi triSn chan nudi cdng nhieu cdng tdt, trudc mdt la ngdn chan vipc lam phat Irdu bd" [7; tr.476], vi dieu dd vira ldm gidm sire keo, vira gdy ra tp n^n an uong lang phi nghiem irpng. Do dd, cdn bp phdi "ldnh dao nong ddn chdng md bo bira bai, tang cudng viec chan nudi" [7; tr.236].
Thir tu. ngdnh ldm nghiep phdt trien. D I C6 nganh ldm nghiep phdt trian, theo Ho Chi Minh. d dong bdng Ihi can frdng cdy Idy go, doi vdi miSn nui thi phdi chii ypng trdng va bdo vi; rimg. Ngudi da \ iet: "Cdc cd, cac ehii can hel sue chii y vdn da bdo ve rimg. N^u CU de tinh trang dong bdo phd mdt it. nong trudng phd mgt it, cdng trudng pha mpt it, ihdm chi doan thdm dd dja chdt ciing phd mgi il, thi rat lai hai. Phd rimg ibi de, nhimg edy lai rimg thi phdi mdt hdng chue nam. Phd rimg nhieu nhu vay se dnh hudng tdi khi hau dnh hudng dan san xudl. ddi song rdt nhieu" [9; y.l65], "NSu rung kipt thi khong cdn gS va mdt nguon nudc dii rugng nuong mat mau, gay lut lgi vd han hdn" [9; ir.2941 Vi vdv Nguoi can dan "rimg Id \dng". nen "Chiing la chd lang phi vdng, md phdi bao vp vang cua chimg ta" [8; y.8l]. Cimg vdi vipc irdng rimg, bao vp rimg Id phai khai thde ngudn lgi tir rimg. Ddy la \iee lam hat sire can ibiel vi Igi ich kinh te to Idn cua no. Nhung viec kh "
thac khdng hgp ly se da I91 hau qud ndng ne. cho nen vipc khai thac rung phdi cd ka hoa h vd cdn ypng. chu ddo. phdi chdm dirt tinh yang khai thde rimg bira bai.
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Thir ndm. cd ngdnh thuy. hdi sdn phdt trien: Xuat phdt tir ddc diem ciia nudc ta cd tiSm ndng tha manh ve bien, vi vay. Ho Chi Minh ludn dgng \ len khuyan khich Nhan dan cdn phdi ra siic ddy m ^ ngha ddnh cd, nghe lam mudi, nudi dudng, bdo \e \ a phdt trian manh cac nguon Igi hdi sdn. Kat hgp giira trdng lua nudc vdi nudi cdc loai thuy, hdi san trong ao, ho, rugng, sdng suoi, bien, phdt trian san xudl, ndng cao hieu qua kinh te \ a cdi thien ddi s6ng Nhan dan. Dong thdi, cdn quan tdm den viec phdt Irian nghe phy gia dinh Viec khai thac mdnh vudn, md mang n ^ e phy Id rat phii hgp vd cdn thiet, de gidi qu\et cdng an vipc ldm ndng cao ddi song cho bd con ndng ddn d ndng thdn khi dieu kipn ddi nudc con kho khdn.
Thu sdu. tu tudng Hd Chi Minh ve tdng eudng cdng tac thuy lai, cdi iiin ndng cu lao dgng. img dung lien bg khoa hgc - ky thugl de phdt trien ndng nghiep. Theo Hd Chi Minh, muon dira ndng nghipp len sdn xudl Idn, trudc lien, phdi ra sue ldm tdt cdng tac thuy Igi, phong chong thien lai han hdn, lyt bao. Vi le, ldm ndng nghipp ddy Id van da cdt yau nhdt. Id nhdn to quan trpng dnh hudng tryc tiep dan nang suat, san lugng cay frong, vdt nudi va ddi sdng sinh ho^l ciia nhan ddn d ndng thdn. "Can thyc hien diing phucmg chdm ciia Ddng vd Chinh phii: giir nirdc Id chinh, thiiy Igi hang nhd la chinh vd nhdn dan ty lam Id chinh. Giflr nudc la bipn phdp dch cyc, chu dpng da chdng ban hdn, chdng ung thiiy vd chdng lut" [7; y. 13]. Ddng thdi, can phai day manh cai lien ndng cy, ung dyng khoa hgc - ky thuat vao san xuat ndng nghipp. Ngudi da chi ro neu lam tdt phong trao cdi tian ndng cy, thi sue lao dpng se Igi gdp doi, gap ba, md Iiia vd hoa mdu se lot gap bdi, tire la ndng sudt lao dgng se tdng lan nhieu.
Vipc cdi lien nong cy cdn phdi chii y cai tian tir cdi cdy, cdi bira, chiac xe van ldi cho dSn cac dyng cy lam co, luot liia, thai rau,... Ban canh do, cdn chii trgng img dung tian bp khoa hgc, ky thu^t vao sdn xudl de ndng cao nang suat lao dgng, cai thien ddi sdng, san xudt ra nhicu ciia cdi v$t chat, de xdy dyng chii nghia xa hdi. Can bd "Phdi khuyen khich vd giiip dd nhan dan phdt huy sdng kian, cdi lien ky thudl, nang cao nang sudt" [6; tr.530].
Ben e^nh do, H6 Chi Minh yau cdu phdi ddy manh phai trien cdng nghiep phuc vu sdn xudt nong nghipp. dua ndng nghiep lan sdn xudt Idn. Ngudi da khdng djnh: "Cdng nghipp phai trien m^nh de cimg cdp dii hdng lieu dimg can thiai cho nhdn ddn, trudc hat Id nong dan;
cung cap may bom nudc, phan hod hgc, thuoc trir sdu... da ddy manh ndng nghiep; vd cung cdp ddn ddn mdy cay, mdy bira cho cac hgp lac xa nong nghiep" [8; y.375 - 376].
2.2. Tu- ttrdng Ho Chi Minh ve phat trien nong nghiep vdi vipc phat trien ndng nghiep xanh vd ben vung ft nudc ta hien nay
V ^ dyng tu tudng H6 Chi Minh v'e phat trian nong nghiep. ngay tir Dai hgi ldn thit IV (12/1976), qudn dipt quan diam cua Chii tich Hd Chi Minh ve phdt than nong nghiep, Dang Cgng sdn Vipt Nam da chu truong phat trian sdn xudt ndng nghiep lodn dien, chii trong ca trong trpl lan chan nudi, ddy manh lam nghiep, ngu nghiep theo hudng sdn xuat Idn xa hpi chii nghTa.
D^i hgi Idn thu VI cua Ddng (12/1986) khdng dinh, "ndng nghiep nudc ta da cd chuyen bian. d^t duge mpt sd thanh lyu quan trpng, nhdt la ve sdn xudt luong thyc vd tao ra mgt sd viing chuyen canh cay cdng nghiep. Tuy nhian, sdn lugng luong thyc tang khdng deu vd chua virng chde; dien tich cay cdng nghiep tdng chdm, nhat Id cdy cdng nghipp ngdn ngdy; chua gdn vipc phdt trian ndng, ldm, ngu nghiep vdi cdng nghipp cha bian; lao dpng, ddt dai, rimg, bicn chua duoc su dung tdt" [2; tr.l54]. Tran co sd do, Dai hdi da de
TAP CHI k H O \ HQC TRI O N G D.M HQt HliSi. Dl t - J ; O j l ^
ra nhiing quan diem vd chinh sdch ddi mdi, trudc hel Id ddi mdi kinh te, nhdn m^nh vai iro hdng ddu ciia sdn xudt ndng nghiep trong \ipc ddp img nhirng yau cdu cap bach ^e lucmg thyc - thyc phdm. hdng tieu dimg vd hdng xudl khdu. Trong dd, "Chuong trinh luong thyc - Ihyc phdm khdng tha tdch rdi phdt man ndng nghipp loan dipn" [2; y.160]. Phdn ddu dua nong nghipp trd thdnh nen ndng nghiep san xuat hdng hod xd hgi chii nghTa.
Dai hgi VU cua Dang (6 1991) dd chi rd: "Phat trian ndng, lam, ngu nglucp gdn lian vdi cdng nghipp cha bien, phdt trien lodn dien kinh ta ndng thdn \ a xay dyng ndng thon men la nhipm vu quan ygng bdng ddu de dn dinh tinh hinh kinh te - xd hgi" [3; tr.63]. Dai hgi lan thu IX ciia Ddng (4/2001) vd ddc bipl la Nahi quyat Hpi nghi ldn Ihu 5 Ban Chdp hdnh Trung uong Ddng (khda DC) ve day nhanh cdng nghiep hda, hipn dai hda ndng nghipp, ndng thon Uidi ky 2001-2010 dd lam ro hon nua quan diem ciia Dang Cgng sdn Vipt Nam ve xdy dyng va phdi dian nan sdn xudt Idn ndng nghiep theo dinh hudng xa hgi chu nghia. Khdng dinh sy cdn thiat phdi ddy manh cdng nghiep hda ndng nghipp, ndng thdn vd coi day la mgt trong nhung nhipm vy quan frong hang ddu cua cdng nghipp hda, hipn dai hda ddt nude.
D^i hgi ldn thii X. XI, XII cua Ddng tiSp tuc tiep tyc phdt trian quan diam vh doi mdi ndng nghipp. ndng thdn. ndng ddn. Trong dd, nhdn manh vipc co cdu lai nong nghipp gdn vdi xdy dyng ndng thon mdi, xay dyng nan ndng nghipp cdng nghp eao, hang hda ldn, dam bdo phdt tnan ban virng, an ninh luong thyc quoc gia vd vp sinh an loan thyc pham. Coi trgng bdo ve va phdt trian rimg, thuc ddy phdt tnen ndng, ldm nghipp, nghien cdu va ung dyng khoa hpc, cdng nghe vao san xudt va qudn ly.
Trong nhCmg nam gdn day, ndng nghiep xanh duge xde dinh la mgt hudng di quan trgng de hudng ldi sy phat trien ben vimg eiia nganh nong nghiep. Vdi vipc ban hanh cac van bdn phap quy quan frgng la Quyet dinh so 432/QD-TTg, ngay 12/04/2012 phe duypt Chien luge phdt trian ban vimg Viet Nam giai doan 2011-2020 va Quyet dinh sd 1393/(>D-TTg, ngay 25-9 2012 phe duypl Chien luge qudc gia vk tang trudng xanh, Thu tudng Chinh phii dd khang djnh rd trpng tdm hdng ddu frong chuong trinh nghi sy eiia Chinh phu la chuySn ddi md hinh tang trudng, tdi cdu tnic kinh ta theo hudng lang trudng xanh vd phat triSn ban vimg Nga> 10 6'2013, Thu tudng Chinh phu da ban hdnh QuySt dinh s6 899/2013/QD-TTg phe duypl da dn tdi co cdu nong nghiep theo hudng ndng cao gia fri gia tdng cao vd phat triSn ben viing, nhdn manh 3 fry cpt kinh te. xd hgi vd mdi trudng frong phai trian ndng nghiep.
Ndng nghiep Id nganh kmh ta quan frgng frong viec ddm bdo an ninh lugng thuc ma khong mpi nganh kinh te ndo cd ihe thay tha duge. Song thyc te d nudc la hien nay kinh ta ndng nghiep Id mgt frong nhimg ngdnh gdy ra hipu ung nhd kinh khd ldn vdi vipc sir dung phdn bon vd ca. thude irir sdu, thude diet cd... lam suy gidm hp sinh ihdi, da dang sinh hoc dien lich ddt trdng trgl. Tinh frang thodi hda ddt, suy thodi, d nhiem tdi nguyan nudc suv thodi cdc he sinh thdi vd su\ gidm da dang sinh bgc dang dien ra d nhiau noi. \hieu viine ndng Uidn, ndng dan chua duge myen truyen, pho bien nhimg kien thuc va "kinh ta xanh"
"ndng nghipp xanh". \ lec sir dung phdn bdn vd hda chat bdo vp thyc vdt chua dimg kv thudt dd gay ldn dya nhieu hda chdl dgc hai trong mdi trudng ddt vd nudc. Dieu ndy. da tac dd dan cac he sinh Uidi ndng nghiep \-d cd tha gdy dpi bian gen ddi vdi mpt sd loai cdy frSnp tir Jo gay hau qud nghiem trgng cho sire khde con ngudi. Djnh hudng chian luge phdt trian b '
T ^ P CHi tOiOA HQC T R L 6 N G D.Al HQC H Q N C D C C - S 6 48.2020
\ung d Vipt Nam da chi ro: "Tinh trang khai thde can kiet cdc iodi dgng, thyc vdt quy hiem va tdi nguyan thian nhian khdng ldi tao lai cdn khd phd bien. Hod chdt. thyc phdm, cac chdl kich diich Idng frgng, cdc san phdm bian ddi gen duge su dung ngay cdng nhieu" [I0;fr.26].
Ban canh dd, hp thdng chinh sdch, tha che lien quan dan ndng nghipp theo hudng ling fruong xanh ciia nudc ta vdn cdn cd nhirng bdt cap nhu vipc quy hoach vd phdn vimg sit dyng ddt thudng xuyen xdy ra sai pham, vi thieu sy phdi hgp thdng nhdt giira cdc ngdnh va cdc tinh, thdnh phd frong vipc lap ke bo^ch vd phdn viing su dyng dat. Yeu cau ve ddnh gia moi tnrdng duge cdc doanh nghipp thyc hipn mdt each nghiam tuc. Tuy nhian, vipc giam sat cac doanh nghiep frong linh vyc ndng nghipp theo khung ddnh gia tde dgng moi trudng doi vdi mgt sd lugng ldn cdc doanh nghipp quy md nhd va cdc don vj sdn \udt frong ITnh vyc nong thdn edn nhieu h^n cha. Thieu hp thdng truy xudt ngudn gdc eho cdc sdn phdm than thien vdi moi Irudng va cdc chinh sdch frg cdp cho ndng nghi?p theo hudng Idng trudng xanh. Chua cd sy thdng nhdt giira cdc vien nghien ciiu, trutmg d?i hpc vd cdc don vi thy hudng (doanh nghipp, ngudi ndng ddn) frong viec nghian cuu vd chuyen giao eong nghp. Do dd, phdn ldn cac san phdm ciia cdc co quan nghian cuu khdng ddp img yau edu cua ngudi lieu dung. D^c biel, vipc luyan truyan ndng cao nhan thue cho ngudi ddn ve sdn xudl vd liau diing sdn phdm ndng nghipp xanh chua cd chuyan bien ldn.
Vi vay, vipc v^n dung tu tudng Ho Chi Minh ve phdt trien nong nghipp vdo phdt trien ndng nghipp xanh va ben vimg d nudc ta hipn nay la diau can thiet. De thyc hipn duge diau ndy edn quan tam tdi mgt sd giai phap sau:
Thu nhdt, ndng cao nh^n thiie eiia ngudi ddn ve tdm quan frgng vd vai frd ciia phdt tnen ndng nghipp xanh vd ban vimg a nudc ta, thiic ddy thj hiau ciia ngudi ddn trong vipc sir dyng vd sdn xuat san pham ndng nghipp sach, an todn ve sinh. Cdc co quan chiic nang, cdc dia phuong cdn phdi truyen tdi thdng diep den ngudi dan ve nhimg van da phat trien nong nghiep xanh, sir dung cdc sdn phdm luong thyc, thyc phdm sach da dam bdo an toan sue khde, bao ve moi trudng.
Thdng qua cdc hinh thuc tuyen truyen, phd bien se giiip ngudi ddn nhdn thiic ddy dii va dung ddn hon ve tac hai ciia cdc sdn phdm ddc hai, du thira hda chdt ddi vdi sue khde va moi trudng. Tir dd, ddy liii viec lam dyng cac sdn phdm hoa hgc nhu phdn bon, thuoc trir sdu. thude kich thich lang trudng vat nudi, cdy frong... vao sdn xudl ndng nghipp vd gop phdn tich cyc thiic ddy vipc tiau diing, thi trudng tiau thy san phdm ndng nghipp irong nudc, ddng Ihdi ndng cao sue canh tranh, ddy manh xudl khau cdc mat hang co lgi the so sanh nhu gao, ca phe, hd tiau...
Thir hai, tiep tyc ddi mdi vd hoan thien he thdng phdp luat ve phat trian ndng nghipp xanh vd ben vimg. De thiic day viec phat trian ndng nghiep xanh vd ban viing, Nhd nudc cdn t^o ra mdi trudng phdp ly phii hgp vdi luat phap va thdng ip qudc ta, tao dieu kien d i u ^ lgi cho cac cd nhdn, cdc doanh nghiep kinh doanh ndng nghiep thude cdc thdnh phan kinh te hoat ddng. Cdn lich cyc the cha hda, trian khai va dua each chinh sdch phat trien ndng nghipp vdo cupc sdng, tao mdi trudng thuan lgi thu hut ddu tu. Dong thdi, tdng cudng vai trd ldnh dao, sy quan ly ciia Nhd nudc frong phan bd ngudn lyc, dmh hudng phdt trien, ehuyen dich co cau ndng nghipp theo hudng hien dai vd ben viing.
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Thir ba. ddy nhanh cdng idc quy hoach, ddi mdi co cau ddu tu san xudt ndng nghipp xanh tren eo sd phdt huy lgi the cua ddt nudc vd nhu cdu ciia Uij tnrdng. Thdng qua ^'^^"8 lac quy hoach de ndm bat chinh xdc liam nang vd tha m^nh ciia timg viing sinh thdi. Tren CO sd dd, lap ke hoach phdi trian cac ngdnh, cdc mdt hang nong sdn. so lugng. d \ img siiih thdi ey the de thu duge lgi nhudn cao, vira bdo ve lai nguyan mdi trudng smh thdi vd on dinh xd hgi. N'lec quy hoach cdn gdn chat vdi Chuong trinh xdy dyng ndng thdn mdi theo Quyat dinh 800-QD/TTg ngdy 04 6/2010 cua Thu frrdng Chinh phu, liau chi quy ho^ch ndng thdn mdi duge xep vj tri hang ddu trong Bg 19 tiau chi Qudc gia ve ndng thdn mdi.
Thir tu, nhan rgng cdc md hinh sdn xuat ndng nghipp xanh d cae viing ndng thdn.
Nghian cim sdn xudt ra cac sdn pham ndng nghipp sach, hudng tdi myc lieu phdt trien ndng nghipp ban vung \ a bdo vp mdi trudng. Phai ddt ngudi ndng dan vao vi tri trung ldm va vai frd chu the de thyc hipn cdc md hinh sdn xudl ndng nghipp xanh va xdy dyng ndng thdn mdi; ddng thdi. phdt trian cdc hinh thue hgp tde, lian ket sdn xuat giira ndng dan vdi ndng dan vd giira ndng dan vdi doanh nghipp frong san xudt ndng nghipp theo tdng trudng xanh, hinh thanh canh ddng mau ldn, gan sdn xudl vdi che bien va lieu thy. Xay dyng mdi trudng thuan lgi thu hiit cdc doanh nghipp ddu lu vdo ndng nghipp; chuyan dich ca cdu lao ddng vd kinh te ndng thon.
TTiii- ndm. tdng cudng ehuyen giao, nghien ciru, ung dung khoa hgc - cdng nghp phdt frien nong nghipp xanh vd ben vimg. Trudc het, cdn tang cudng dao tao dgi ngu can bg khoa hgc va cdng nghp chuyan sdu frong ITnh vyc ndng nghipp; lian kat dao lao va dao lao lai theo chuong trinh, cap nhdt chuyen de mdi, nhat la ky ndng, trinh dp iing dung nhirng thdnh tyu khoa hpc vd cong nghp mdi \ do san xudl vd ddi sdng. Ddo lao phd cap lyc lugng img dyng khoa hgc \ a cdng nghp d cdc ca sd san xudt, kmh doanh vd cdc doanh nghipp;
xdy dyng co sd vat chdt ky thuat; ddy manh viec chuygn giao, tidp nhan, ldm chii vd img dyng rpng rai. cd hipu qud cdc lien bd khoa hpc - ky thudt trong va ngodi nudc vdo sdn xudt ndng nghipp xanh. \ a \ dyng cdc md hinh ung dung vd chuyin giao khoa hgc - cdng nghe tian tian phii hgp vao cdc khdu sdn xuat. che bian, bdo quan ndng san nhdm nang cao ndng suat. chdt lugng. hipu qud vd sue canh franh ciia nong sdn hang hoa tren Ihi trudng frong va ngoai nudc.
Thu sdu, lang cudng bdo ve mdi frudng sinh thai ndng ihdn dam bdo sy phdt trian ndng nghipp xanh. Thyc hien lot cdng lac quy hoach, qudn ly vd sir dyng tdi nguyan ddt, nudc, bdo v? mdi frudng. quy hoach phat trien kinh te, khu ddn cu, khu sdn xuat dich vu gdn vdi bdo vp mdi frudng: xdy dyng, dp dyng quy cha qudn ly ndng nghipp, tai nguyan thien nhien, chat thdi, ndng lugng... Quan lam, siai chdt cdng tac qudn ly, kia'm tra giam sal eiia cdc co quan chiic nang ddi \di cdc nguon gdy 6 nhilm mdi trucmg, tap irune xu Iv cdc chat Ihdi nguy hai frong sdn xudl cdng nghipp, ITnh vyc y ta, xdy dyng co bdn- ddv m^nh \ iec kiem soat. xir ly nghiam cac Id chirc, cd nhdn su dung phdn bdn, thuoc hd ' h ' t sir dyng trong san xudt rau, boa mau, nuoi frdng thuy sdn qud muc cho phep
Cd die ndi, phdt frian ngdnh ndng nghipp xanh d nudc la hipn nay dang dime thdi CO Idn. song cung gap nhieu khd khdn. Be vugl qua nhirng thdch thirc. idn dune d diau kipn thu^n lgi d nude ta da phdt trian nen ndng nghiep xanh. vipc van dung tu t "
T ^ P CHl KHOA HQC TRI ONG DAI HQC H 6 N G Dl C - S 6 48.2020
Ho Chi Minh ve phat trien nong nghiep co y nghTa quan trpng ca ve mat ly lu^n \a th\rc tien. Nhung tu tuong ve phat trien nong nghi?p cua Xgiroi da va dang la kim chi nam hu6ng dan chung ta con duong xay dung mot nen kinh te noi chung. kinh te nong nghiep xanh va ben vung noi rieng phu hgp vai xu the thcri dai, nham thuc hien myc tieu vung manh. dpe l^p, dau giau, nuoc manh, xa hpi dan chu cong bang, van minh.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[1] Bp Chinh tri (2004), Nghi quyet so 41-NQ/Tlf Bq Chinh tri ve bdo ve mdi trucmg Irong thai ky day mgnh cdngnghiep hod. hien dgi hod ddt ntrac. nguon website Dang Cpng san Vi?t Nam ngay 22/11/2004.
[2] Dang Cpng san Vipt Nam (1987), Vdn hen Dgi hgi dgi bieu todn Qudc ldn thii VI.
Nxb. Sv that. H i Npi.
[3] Dang Cpng san Vipt Nam (1991), Vdn kien Dgi hoi dgi bieu lodn qudc ldn thir VII, Nxb. Sv thjt. Ha Npi.
[4] Dang Cpng san Vipt Nam (2006), Vdn kien Dgi hdi dgi bieu lodn qudc ldn Ihu X, Nxb. Chinh tri Qu6c gia. Ha Npi, tr.190-191.
[5] H6 Chi Minh (2011), Todn lap, tap 4, Nxb. Chinh tri Qu6c gia - Sy that. Ha Npi.
[6] Ho Chi Minh (2011), Todn ((ip, tap 11, Nxb. Chinh tri Quoc gia • Sythat, HaNpi.
[7] Ho Chi Minh (2011), Todn lgp, tap 12, Nxb. Chinh tri Qu6c gia - Sif that. Ha Npi.
[8] Ho Chi Minh (2011), Todn lgp, tap 13, Nxb. Chinh trj Quoc gia - Sv that. Ha Npi.
[9J Ho Chi Minh (2011), Toan lgp, tap 14, Nxb. Chinh tri Qu6c gia - Su that. Hi Npi.
[10] Thu mong Chinh phu (2004), Quyet dmh so 153/2004/QB-TTG ve viec ban hdnh dinh hirdng chien lupc phdt trien ben vimg a Viet Nam (Chuang trinh Nghi sy 21 ciia Viet Nam), Ha Npi.
FROM PRESIDENT HO CHI MINH'S IDEOLOGY, CONSIDERING ABOUT THE DEVELOPMENT OF GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURE NOWADAYS
Mai Thi Lan ABSTRACT
tyfthe legacy of the President Ho Chi Minh's ideology, agriculturgi development is a part of his ideology of economics. Studying his thoughts on agriculture and its application to Ihe development of green and sustainable agriculture in our country today is a major issue.
Keywords: Ho Chi Minh's ideology, agriculture, green agriculture.
* Ngdy ngp bdi: 16/12/2019: Ngdy giii phdn bien: 20/12/2019: Ngdy duyet ddng: 4/3/2020
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