DIEN DAN
• SUKI^NI
ay manh nghien cilu,
ufng dung khoa hpc va cong nghe
?. 1
? ?
• TS. I J Vdn Bdnh Vien trudng - Vien Lda DBSCL
Ngdy 19-10, tgi S6c Trdng, Ban Chi dgo Tdy Nam bo ph6\ hcjp vdi Tap chi Cpng sdn vd tinh S6c Trdng to chL/c hoi thdo khoa hpc
"Vai tro cGa khoo hpc - cong nghe (KH-CN) trong phdt tri^n ndng nghidp ben vGng vd xdy dung ndng thdn mdi d vung Ddng bdng sdng CCfu Long (DBSCL)'. Hdi thdo dd thu hUt nhieu y kien hay nhdm dua KH-CN trd thdnh n4n tdng cho si,i phdt tri^n ndng nghi§p b6n vUng vd gdp phdn xdy dUng ndng thdn mdi khu vUc DBSCL Tap chi Khoo hpc Cdn Thd xin gidi thi§u tham ludn cCia Ts. L§ Vdn Bdnh, Vien trUdng Vidn LUa DBSCL tgi Hdi thdo 64 ban doc cung tham khdo,
D
ong b^ng sdng Cffu Long (DBSCL) cd ting dien tich khoang 3,96 tridu ha, trong dd didn tich da't ndng nghidp chid'm khoang 3,21 tridu ha. Nhff vay phan Idn da't dai cda DBSCL la ndng nghidp, ffong dd da'l Ida chid'm 1,85 tridu ha, da't ffing cay dn trdi chid'm khoang 0,22 tridu ha. da't trong cdy cdng nghidp hdng ndm khoang 0,20 tridu ha, da't ddnh cho nudi trlng thdy san Id 0,63 tridu ha, vd khoang 0,39 trieu ha rffng.Nhd vdo ldi the cua d i l u kidn tff nhidn thich hdp cho cay Ida, cd the ndi, cay Ida d DBSCL vffa Id cdy chd life vd vffa la cay an ninh Iffdng thffc cda Qud'c gia vd cung cap Ida gao cho lhi trffdng the'gidi. DBSCL cd dan so hdn 18,0 trieu ngffdi, trong dd cd gan 80% dan sd d ndng thdn vd 1dm ndng nghiep - chd ydu Id san xua't Ida, ngodi ra cdn ldi the' v l thuy san, trdi cay. NhUhg ddn nay, sdn xua't ndng nghidp d vdng nay cdn niulu bd't cap, ndng ddn gdp nhilu rdi ro, thdch thffc, nhff: thien tai, dich benh, td chdc sdn xua't cdn nhd le. lidn ket 4 nha cdn ydu kdm, khau tieu thu eon nhilu khd khdn, thffdng xuyen xdy ra trdng mda m^t gid, v.v... Id vdng san xua't Ida gao chinh nhiftig ndng ddn trong Ida Id ngffdi ngheo nhd't vd gdp nhilu khd Ididn nha't.
H TAP CHf KHOA HOC C A N THO
| D l i N D A N - S U K I $ N |
Theo dff dodn cda cdc nhd khoa hpc thd gidi, Viet Nam se Id mpl trong 5 nffdc se bj dnh hffdng ndng n l nha't do bidn ddi khi hau todn clu nhff bao Ifl, khd han, ngap mdn, ddc biet id lae dpng cda sif dang cao mffc nifdc biln, trong dd, vdng DBSCL Id vdng se bi anh hffdng manh nhd't, didn tich dd'i dai ffong trpt se bi giam thieu do bj xam nhap mdn.
Suy giam tdi nguyen dd't va nffdc lde ddng ddn an ninh thffdng thffc (ANLT) Qudc gia. Didn tich dd't ndng nghidp, trong dd cd dd't Ida nffdc ngdy cdng giam di do nhu c l u cdng nghiep hda. dd thi hda va chuyen ddi cd ca'u san xua't, Iheo tinh todn, nhu cau cho phdt trien cd sd ha ting cdng nghiep.
dich vu va dd thi tff 2009 de'n 2020 c i n khoang 600,000ha, trong dd phdi sff dung dd'i Ida Idioang 270.000ha. DSn sd nffdc ta tid'p tiic ldng nhanh.
ludn nay trdn 88 tridu ngffdi, dff dodn dd'n ndm 2020 se dat trdn 100 tridu ngffdi vd khoang 120 trieu ngffdi sau ndm 2030... nhffng yd'u Id' tren la nhffng dp Itfc Idn cho nhffng nhd hoach dinh chien Iffdc an ninh Iffdng thffc qud'c gia.
Do vay, rat can cd giai phdp phdt trien san xua't ndng nghidp dn dinh va b i n vffng cho vdng ndy nham dam bao ANLT qud'c gia trong thdi k^' CNH-HDH vd nguy cd do anh hffdng thay doi khi hau todn cau.
Thudn Idi va thu" thach
Trong cdc ndm qua, nhd cdng tdc khai hoang, thdy Idi da md rdng dien tich trong Ida; nhd cdng lac nghidn cffu gid'ng da dffa ra gid'ng Ida ngan ngdy. ndng suat cao, chat Iffdng td't. chd'ng chiu sdu benh, qui trinh canh tdc hdp ly. thay thd' gid'ng Ida mua 1 vu ndng sud't thd'p; cdng tac khuydn ndng da gidp nang cao tiinh dd san xua't eua bd con ndng dan, v.v... da gidp DBSCL ndng san Iffdng tff 4,2 tridu ta'n nam 1976 Idn trdn 23 tridu td'n ndm 2011, gop phan quan trpng trong an rdnh Iffdng thffc vd chidm ty trpng tren 90% lffdng gao xud't khau cua ca nffdc. Trong qud trinh hdi nhap kinh td the gidi, nhu cau v l Ida gao nhilu hdn vd da dang hdn, tao thi trffdng tidu thu rdng rai hdn.
Tuy nhidn, trong san xuat Ida gao dd'n nay vdn cdn nhilu bd't cdp, Id vdng san xua't Ida gao chinh nhffng ndng dan trlng Ida Id ngffdi ngheo nhat
vd gdp nhilu khd khan nhat. Cdc khd khdn v l ,sdn xud't. tieu thu Ida gao d DBSCi, do cdc nguydn nhan sau:
- Cdn Ihidu cdc gidng Ida ed ndng sua'l va cha't lifdng cao. thich nghi vdi dac thd tffng tilu vdng sinh thdi cda DBSCL. chdng chiu dffdc sau bdnh vd dilu kien khd khdn do bid'n doi khi hau.
Thid'u nguon cung ca'p gidng tdt, dd'n nay chi ed khoang trdn 30% gid'ng ca'p xde nhan dffdc sff diing trong san xud'l Ida;
- Ndng dan san xua'l Ida gdp nhilu rdi ro do sau benh, thidn tai nhff Id kit, ban ban. nhiem man vd ddc bidi Id thi trffdng Udu thu;
- Mdt bdng v l trinh do san xua't. ky nang vd ky thuat chffa cao, chtfa dong deu (dac biel thie'u kid'n thffc vd chuydn mdn. Udu chuan. chd't iffdng sdn pham. san xua'l theo tieu chuS'n GAP,...) dan dd'n chdnh lech nang suat giffa cac hd san xua't Ida trong cilng mdt linh, hoac giffa tinh nay vd tinh kia con khd cao; ndng dan san xua't nhd le, manh mdn va Ihidu td chffc, dan de'n san xua't khdng dung chdt, khdng du Itfdng, khdng ddng thdi diem vd khdng dat gid tri cao;
- He thd'ng Idio idng ddng bao qudn, chd' bid'n Itfdng thtfc cdn nhilu bat cap, ton tha't khau thu hoach va sau thu hoach Ida cdn rd't cao: 12-14%.
He thd'ng che'bid'n xay xdt chtfa dong bd vd cdng nghd da so'cdn d mffc tha'p; he thd'ng bao quan tin trff cdn qud yd'u chffa dam bao ydu cau;
- He thd'ng kinh doanh Iffdng thffc da dffdc xa hdi hda nhiftig boat ddng hieu qua chffa cao, nhd'l la trong xua't khau;
- DBSCL Id vung trpng diem san xua't Ida gao cho an ninh Iffdng thffc va xuS't khau, nhUhg tff trffde de'n nay dffdc dIu ttf tha'p vd hieu qua chtfa cao vi thid'u dong bp, thie'u lidn kd't vffng vd vai trd tham gia "4 nhd" theo ND 80 cdn ra't han chd';
Sff gdp nhau giffa chinh sdch vi md va vi md cdn nhieu bS't cap.
- Ndng ddn trlng Ida ngdy cdng ngheo vi If do phai dd'i mat vdi nhieu khd khan, chi tidu gia dinh ngdy cdng cao (chi tidu hang ngay, chffa bdnh, hpc hdnh cho con cdi, dam tide, gio te't, v.v...);
dIu tff cho san xua't ngay cang, cvo (gia vai tff cao.
TAP Ci " C A N THO
DIEN DAN S U K I ^ N |
tfng vat Iff sdn xua'l Irffdc vd trd lai sau khi thu hoach mda vu lai suat cao, trd ldi ngdn hdng vd trd nd); thu nhap tha'p do gid bdn thd'p, thj irffdng bap bdnh: sdn xua'l ra san pham chtfa bici bdn cho ai vd gia c:i cdng khdng iff djnh doat.
Nghiquyei 26 eua DSng vd ndng n g h i | p - n d n g dan - ndng thdn, se Id qudc sdch kip thdi cho phdt tridn ndng nghidp, bdo di^m an ninh Iffdng thifc, dn dinh N;in xud'l vd cdi lhi|n ddi sd'ng ndng dfin, cdi thidn ndng thdn trong bd'i cdnh hOi nhdp qud'e le nhtftig can ed giai phdp thffc tien dc mang lai hieu qua cho ddi song ndng ddn,
Thdnh Iffu noi bat nhd'l v l kinh le cda Vidl Nam sau hdn 20 ndm ddi mdi la phdi Irid'n ndng nghidp, ddc bidt Id sdn xud'l IfftJng thffc dii diip ffng dffdc nhu c l u lieu ddng irong nffdc. ddm bdo dff trff qud'c gia vd xua'l khau gan nhilu ndm lien dffng vdo hdng ihff 2 trdn ihd gidi. Thanh iffu cd ban trong sdn xua't Ida gao cua VN trong cdc ndm qua nhd vdo cdc yeu to' sau;
- Cdi lien gid'ng cdy trong ddp ffng dong bp vdi sif nghidp ddi mdi cda dd't nffdc, phdt huy tich cifc tinh ke thffa cua nhieu the' he cua cdc nhd chpn gid'ng, thay ddi tff gid'ng Ida mda mot vu ndng sud't tha'p (1.5-2,0 T/ha) sang cdc gid'ng Ida cao sdn cha't Iffdng cao (6,0-8.0 T/ha). ngan ngdy (85 - 100 ngdy) ndn d l ddng tdng vu (2-3 vu Ida/ndm);
- Ndi dung cai tidn gid'ng Ida trong thdi gian qua Id qud trinh kd' thffa lidn luc giffa nhilu thd' he trdn n l n lang di truyln hpc truyen thd'ng vd hien dai, vdi dpi ngd edn bd khoa hpc cd Irinh dp vffng vang vd lam quye't, vffdl qua mpi thff ihdch de hodn thdnh nhidm vu phdi tridn ndng nghidp trong sff nghidp doi mdi cua da't nffdc.
- Ndi dung cai tie'n gidng Ida cdng da gdn liln vdi cdng lde cai tao thdy ldi xd phdn rffa mdn, cai tao dd't hoang hda, chd ddng trong iffdi tidu, tao tiln d l cho cdc gid'ng Ida thich nghi phdt tridn, v.v... nhd dd dien tich gieo irong Ida dffdc md rdng vd san Iffdng Ida ldng Idn ddng ke. Rieng d khu vffc DBSCL, san Iffdng Ida ndm 1976 chi 4,2 tridu tdn de'n nam 2011 dat trdn 23 tridu td'n.
Theo bdo cdo cda Bd NN&PTNT, sdn Iffdng Ida ca nffdc nam 2011 dat tren 42 tridu tan, theo ke' hoach thi ddn 2015 mdi dat 40 tridu tan, nhff vdy san iffdng Ida da vffdt trffde kd hoach 5 ndm.
Mdt sd giai ph^p v l khoa hpc - cdng ngh^
trong san xud't Ida
Dd phdt tridn ndng nghidp. ndng ddn, ndng thdn se e i n cd nhilu gidi phdp chidn Iffdc vd d i n g bd.
ridng ddi vdi cay Ida d vdng DBSCL, gidi phdp "
lidn kdt vdng vd tham gia 4 nhd" Id rdt quan trpng vlcdc 1^ do: (1) D i n g bSng .sdng Cdu Long Id vdng trpng dilm an ninh Iffdng thffc qudc gia; (2) Lien kdl sc giup thffc thi cdc kd hoach vd chidn Iffdc sdn xud't Ida vd an ninh Itfdng thffc dd'n tdn dia phffdng, dac bidt Id Hdn kdl cdc tinh trong vdng dd CO kO hoach lidn hodn trong qui hoach cdc vdng sinh Ihdi. han chdlhidl hai do bidn ddi khi hau. d nhilm mdi trffdng; (3) Tim sff dong thuan khdng nhffng nguIn life nhd nffdc md ca xa hdi d l sdn xud't vd tidu thu nhdm gia tdng thu nhdp cho ndng ddn cat) nhd't. I n djnh cudc sd'ng; (4) Hidn tai.
i-)BSCLc6 nhieu md hinh "tham gia 4 nhd" thdnh cdng rat can thidt nhan rdng de phdt trien san xua'l vd lieu thu. Thdng qua sff lien kd't vd tham gia ndy thi boat ddng trd thdnh hd thd'ng. Iff dd gidp Chinh phu dffa ra cdc chinh sdch vd cd che'phd hdp dd phdt tridn Ida gao vd ldng thu nhap cho ndng dan trong Ida trong vdng.
N h a m g d p p h ^ n thffc h i d n t i n h t h a n NQ 26-NQ/TW cda Hpi nghi Trung ffdng 7 khda X vd chid'n Iffdc ddn 2020 - 2030 cua Chuih phd v l van d l an ninh Iffdng thffc, duy tri didn tich sdn xua't Ida, tdng ihu nhap cho ndng dan trong bdi canh do tdc ddng cua hdi nhdp. dd thi hda 1dm mat da't san xua't, canh tranh ichd'c hdt ve thi trffdng, rdi ro cao do dich bdnh vd thay ddi khi hdu, c i n cd giai phdp thich hdp trong san xua't va tieu thti Ida gao thdng qua lien kd't vdng vdi sff tham gia cda 4 nhd. D l giai quyd't va'n d l ndy, Vidn Lda DBSCL phd'i hdp vdi Trffdng Dai hpc C i n Thd dffa ra Qi dn "Gidi phdp sdn xud't vd tidu thu Ida gao thdng qua Udn kd't vdng vd sff tham gia cda 4 nhd".
Muc lieu chung cda D l dn nh^m:
- (Jng dung cdc giai phdp khoa hpc cdng nghd trong chpn tao gid'ng nh^m tim ra gid'ng Ida cho ndng sud't cao dn dinh, ph^m chd't gao tdt, khdng sdu benh, nhdt Id rIy ndu, bdnh vdng Idn, Idn xoln Id, dao dn vd thich nghi d i l u kidn tilu vdng sinh thdi vd bidn ddi khi hdu todn clu.
TAP CHI KHOA HOC C A N THCJ
| D I E N D A N ' S U K I $ N |
- Chuyen giao cdc gidi phdp ky thuat sdn xua'l Ida thich ffng cho hpi nhdp kinh td vd sff bidn d i i khi hdu, dp diing cdc tid'n bp khoa hpc vd cdng nghe cao trong sdn xud't Ida d l dat nang sud't cao.
pham cha't td't, ndng cao gid tri san pham vd ldi nhuan cho ndng dan.
- Phdt tridn cdc dang hinh kinh td hdp tdc dc thudn ldi cho dau tff. san xud't hang hda du Idn. de dang Udp can thi Irffdng vd ddm bao dau ra. trong do Mdn ke't "4 nhd" id khdu ma'u chd't dffdc quan tam hang dlu.
- Ndng cao ndng Iffc san xud't vd canh tranh Ida gao vdng DBSCL tff Ididu dich vu dau vao. lo chffc SX. bdo qudn ton trff. che' bid'n vd tidu thu Ida gao. trong dd l l chffc lien ke't ndng dan trong chuoi cung ffng Ida gao va xay dffng thffdng hidu dffdc dac bidt chd f.
De thffc hien de dn "Giai phdp san xua't vd tidu thu Ida gao thdng qua Uen kd't vdng vd sff tham gia cua 4 nhd" cin thifc iudn 4 nhdm giai phdp nhff sau:
Mpt la, Ung dung cdc gidi phdp khoa hpc cong nghe trong chpn tao gid'ng lua
Muc tidu cda nhdm giai phdp ndy Id chpn tao gidng Ida cho ndng sud't cao on dinh, pham chdt gao tdt, khang sau benh, nhd't Id ray nau, benh vdng Idn, Idn xoan Id, dao dn, chdng chiu dffdc vdi dilu Icidn khd khan nhff khd ban, ngap lu, ngap man vd thich nghi dieu kien lieu vung sinh thai vd thay d i i khi hdu vdng DBSCL. Nhdm giai phdp ndy gIm:
- Ddnh gid vd sff dung ngudn gen D l an xdc dinh nguIn vdt hdu di truyln phuc vu lai tao. Ung dung cdng nghd sinh hpc nhff ky thuat microarray kdt hdp phffdng phdp truyln thd'ng de phdt Men nhanh va chinh xdc cdc gen muc lieu trong nguIn gen thu thdp. Sff dung nguIn vat Ueu di Iruyin trong chffdng tiinh lai tao gid'ng Ida phd hdp d DBSCL.
- Chpn tao gidng mdi
Phtfdng phdp lai tao truyln thdng van cdn nguySn gid tri tao ra nhilu gid'ng Ida trien vpng vd phuc trang cdc gidng Ida ban dia, ddc san cd tinh
thich nghi cao vdi tffng dia phifdng. Tuy nhidn, do ydu c l u phdt triln kinh id eda DBSCL, vd xa hdn nffa Id dp iffc gia tdng dan sd, bdo ddm an ninh Iffdng thffc cho hdn 100 tridu ddn ndm 2020 Irong dilu kidn didn lich sdn xua't dang thu hep do cdng nghiep hda vd dd thi hda, sff Ihay doi khi hdu nen can ffng dung cdc giai phdp khoa hpc cdng nghe hidn dai ho trd cho phffdng phdp truyln thd'ng nhff:
ffng dung cdng nghe cao, ffng dung cdng nghd sinh bpc, lai tao vd chpn Ipc iniyin thdng nham chpn tao cac gid'ng Ida cd ndng suat cao, dn dinh, chd't Iffdng gao tdt, thich nghi vdi dilu kien ba't ldi phi sinh hpc, chdng chiu td't cde sau benh chinh;
gidng Ida chd'ng do nga ddp ffng nhu cau ed gidi hda khau thu hoach.
- Xd hpi hda cong tdc nhdn gid'ng Ida cho DBSCL
Xa hdi hda cdng tac nhan gidng 3 cap: Sieu nguydn chung (SNC), nguyen chung (NC), xdc nhdn (XN) nhdm gidi quyd't vd'n d l thie'u gid'ng td't, hat gid'ng khde, gid'ng cha't Iffdng cao de gidp ndng dan san xuat Ida dat nang sud't va chd't Iffdng cao. Hdp phan nay gom 2 chu d l chinh:
+ Xdy dtfng va dilu hanh mang Itfdi chpn tao, san xua't vd cung ffng gid'ng: Thie't lap mang Iffdi cdng ding nhtf Cau lac bd/To gid'ng tai ta't ca cdc tinh DBSCL nham tap hdp cdc ndng ddn tidn tid'n phuc vu cdng tdc thff nghiem cdc gid'ng Ida da dffdc cdc vien - trffdng nghidn cffu lai lao. Tff do, tidp tuc chpn lpc, san xud't nhan gid'ng Ida ca'p XN va cung ffng cdc gidng trien vpng ddp dng dilu icidn dia phffdng. Bdo qudn, t i n trff Ida gidng ffng phd kip Ihdi cho vdng dong bang sdng Cffu Long trong Irffdng hdp cd thien tai.
+ Tap bud'n chpn tao, san xud't va cung ffng gidng: Kd't hdp vdi cdn bd ky tiiuat dia phtfdng tap huan phtfdng phdp chpn tao va san xua't gid'ng dat chd't Iffdng tdt cho cdc Cdu lac bp. To san xua't gidng nhdm ddp ffng nhu c l u gidng cda dia phffdng vdi cha't Iffdng tdt va gia thanh thd'p de cang nhilu ndng dan cd the tidp can dffdc, lam tang dien tich san xua't Ida bang gidng td't, hat gid'ng idioe.
TAP CH' -.HOA HOC C A N THO
l o i E f v i e A N - S U K l g N l
Hai Id, Gidi phdp ky thudt SX lua thich dng cho hpi nhdp kinh ti'vd s{f hien ddi khi hdu
Ap dung cdc tid'n bo khoa hpc vd cdng nghd cao trong san xud'l Ida de dat nang siidl cao, phlm chd'l lul. khdng sdu benh, nhd'l Id ray ndu, b | n h vdng li^n, Idn xodn Id. dao dn vd thich nghi dilu kidn lieu vdng sinh thdi vd thay doi khi hau lodn eiiu. ndng cao gia tri san phiim vd ltd nhudn cho ndng dan. Nhdm gidi phdp ndy gum:
- Ap dung KJ thuCit canh Idc Ida b i n vffng nham ddm ban ndng sua'l cao. nang cao chtft Iffdng vd gia trj hdng boa de ddp ffng nhu c l u thj trffdng trong mfdc va qud'e le. Ding thdi chd trpng cd gidi hda trong qui trinh san xud'l de gidm gid thjinh. gidm cdng lao ddng. gia tdng thu nhdp cho ndng dan; ky thudt canh tae b i n vffng trdn nen dai Ida: Iff khau Idm dd't, gieo ca'y, Iffdi lidu. chdm sdc: bdn phdn, bdo ve thffc vat; ffng dung cdc tid'n bd ky thuat:
3 gidm 3 tdng, I phai 5 gidm, gieo sa dong loat, nd rIy, v,v....; k j thudt canh tdc Ida sinh thdi b i n vffng: Xay dffng quy trinh canh tdc ky thuat theo tffng nhdm gid'ng - Ueu vdng sinh thdi. Quy trinh GAP (Good Agricultural Practices) d l dat Ida gao sach, chd't Iffdng cao.
- t^ng dung ca gidi hda trong sdn xud'l Ida Ddng mdy mdc cd gidi thich hdp cho iffng vdng sirdi thdi tff khau 1dm da't, tffdi tidu, gieo ca'y, chdm sdc. thu hoach, phdi sd'y, bao quan, ton trff vd che' bid'n de 1dm giam tha't thodt sau thu hoach, giam cdng lao ddng vd gia tdng gid tri hang hda. Ddy manh nghien cffu, phdt trien chd' bidn Ida gao thdnh cdc sdn pham gid tn cao, giam le thudc vdo xud't khau khi xua't khiu khdng cd Idi. san pham chinh vd phu phlm cda Ida gao sd Id nguon nguydn hdu cho ngdnh cdng nghidp chd' bid'n, sinh hda... nhdm tdng them vide 1dm cho xa hdi cung nhff gia tang gid tri cho nguIn nguyen lieu q u j gid vd thid't yd'u ndy.
- Ndng cao ndng luc chuyin mdn cho cdn bp ky thuat dia phuang vd nong ddn
Bao g I m cdc hoat ddng: ddo tao cdn bd ky thudt dia phffdng (dai hpc, trung ca'p), day n g h l .
tdp hud'n ndng cao ky ndng ffng dung cdc ky thudt lidn lidn vd thffc hi$n cdc quy trinh canh tdc theo nhdm gidng. tidu vdng sinh thdi; quy trinh GAP;
k5 Ihudt sau thu hoach; qudn 1^ kinh td hp; tidp lhi - qudng bd. Tham quan hpc ldp bao gom cdc boat dOng hpi nghi, hOi thdo cho ndng dan, tham quan cdc md hinh sdn xua'l kinh doanh hi$u qud, v.v... Ndng cao d i n irlnh dd tham canh cda cdng d i n g ndng ddn trlng Ida, gidp ndng dan sdn xudt theo tinh thin hdi nhdp vdi kinh td thi trffdng.
tia Id, Td chiic sdn xud't vd liSn kdt trong sdn xud'l lua
• Xdy dung kinh tdhap tdc, cdnh ddng mdu Idn trong .idn xud'l lua
Tdy theo dieu kidn tffng vdng vd tffng ndi, tffng bffdc hinh thdnh vd xay dffng cdc dang hinh kinh td hdp tdc de thudn ldi cho d l u tff, san xud't hdng hda du idn, d l ddng tidp cdn thj trffdng vd ddm bdo d l u ra, Cdc dang hinh hdp tdc bao gIm: t l nhdm, cdu lac bd; Hdp lde xa (HTX); Lidn hidp cdc HTX; Cdng ty ndng nghiep; ndng trang, cdnh dong mau Idn, vdng chuydn canh... Sdn xudt hen hodn theo chuoi ngdnh hdng, khdng tiieo cdng doan ridng bidt nhff tff trffde tdi nay.
- Ndng cao ndng Iffc td eh ffc vd qudn ly De duy tri vd md rdng cdc dang hinh td chffc sdn xua't, boat ddng cd hieu qud vd ngdy cdng phdt ffiln, chd y phdt u-ien kinh te hd, vide ndng cao ndng life td chffc vd quan I^ cho ndng ddn Id rat can thid't. Nang cao ndng life td chffc quan 1^
gIm: Ddo tao, tap hua'n nang cao ndng Iffc quan 1$
td nhdm cho cdc To. Cdu lac bd, HTX; Tap hua'n ndng cao ndng Iffc quan ly kinh techo cdc hd ndng ddn vd cdc id chffc ndy,...
- Tdng cudng liin kdt 4 nhd
Lidn kdt 4 nhd Id khdu mdu chd'l d l gidi quyd't vd'n d l san xud't vd tidu thu sdn phlm cda ndng ddn trong xu the'san xua't hdng hda hien nay vd tffdng lai. Nghien cffu hien trang Uen ke't nhlim d l xud't cai tid'n de cdc ben tham gia d l u cd ldi tao mdi Udn kdt b i n vffng. Lidn kdt tao d i l u kidn chia s i thdng tin vd trdch nhidm nhtf thdnh Idp d i l n ddn,
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ddi thoai, ky ke't hdp d i n g bao tidu sdn pham.,. de giai quydt vd'n d l thi trtfdng, tao cd chd' vd chinh sdch phd hdp d l thdc dd'y sdn xua't phdt triln b i n vffng. Ddc biet chd f phdt trien md'i quan hd chdt che giffa nha ndng sdn xud't vd nhd doanh nghidp, Bdn la, Gidi phdp phdt triin thi trudng lua gqo Giai phdp phdt U-ien thi trtfdng Ida gao cd the xem Id bidn phdp lau dai de kich thich vd on dinh sdn xud't, gidm thieu rdi ro cho ndng ddn vd gia tang Idi nhudn. Nhdm gidi phdp ndy g I m 3 hdp phan chinh:
- Nghien cffu chudi gid trj sdn xud't Ida gao Nghidn cffu chuli gid tri trong sdn xuat Ida gao.
tim gidi phdp ndng cao chuoi gid tri tff khdu sdn xud't, xff If gidm tha't thodt sau thu hoach, ldng effdng dlu tff kho tdng bdo qudn ton trff, bdo dam chd't Iffdng, cd sd ha ting, lifu thdng phdn phd'i...
tao cd che' can dd'i vd phdt huy td'i da Idi nhuan cua chudi gid tri.
- Xdy dung thuang hieu lua gao
Tff canh dong mau Idn, tid'n tdi vdng chuydn canh, vdi san Iffdng Idn dong d l u , gidp cdc doanh nghiep Irfdng thffc nghidn cffu xay dffng thffdng iu$u Ida gao, giup ndng dan sdn xua't hffdng dd'n thi trffdng, san xud't theo tieu ehuin VietGAP hoac GIobalG/^ bao dam cha't Iffdng, tdng gid tri hdng h6a vd tdng thu nhap.
- Xdy dung he thdng cung cdp thong lin lhi trifdng vd thdng lin - qudng bd
Xay dffhg he thdng cung cd^p thdng tin thi trffdng vd thdng tin - quang bd rdt c i n thid't de gidp ndng dan de dang quyd't dinh san xud't vd cd kd' hoach sdn xudt, dff dodn drfdc thi trffdng, giam thilu rdi ro do hdng hda dtf thffa vd rdt gid.
Kdt luSn va kid'n nghi
Theo bao cdo cda Cue Trlng trpt Bp Ndng nghidp vd Phat trien ndng tiidn, tff ddy ddn ndm 2020 tdng san Itfdng Ida hdng ndm d DBSCL cd g^ng giff d mffc 21 tridu td'n, vd dan sd Viet Nam se 5 mffc trdn 100 hieu ngtfdi, san xudt ndng nghiep se ngdy cdng khd khan hdn: dd't sdn xua't Ida se giam do qud ttinh cdng nghidp hda vd dd thi hda.
dp life sau bdnh djch hai Ien mda vu ngay cang tdng, dnh hffdng cda thay doi khi hdu ngdy cdng rd hdn: bao Id, han hdn, ngap mdn ngdy cang phffc tap hdn. trong khi dan sd ngay cdng tang cao.
Trdn thd' gidi ngdy nay, Ida gao dffdc coi Id mdt mdt hdng chinh tri hdn Id mdi hdng kinh td, ty Irpng Ida gao budn bdn trdn thi trffdng rdt nhd so vdi long sdn Iffdng sdn xua'l ra hdng nam. Gid cd Ida gao trdn thi trffdng qudc id thifdng xuyen le thudc vdo chinh sdch an ninh Iffdng thifc cda ldng qudc gia, it ndi ngffdi san xua't Ida gao trd nen gidu cd... Do vay. nd'u ddt muc lidu sdn xudt Ida vdi muc dich an ninh lffdng thffc qud'c gia, nha nffdc can cd chinh sdch thich hdp cho ngffdi trlng Ida, 1dm cho nghl trlng Ida ff-d ndn hdp d§n hdn. Nd'u khdng, nhff tinh hinh hidn nay, trlng Ida thffdng gdp nhieu rdi ro, thu nhap Ididng dd sdng, dd'n mot Idc ndo dd c6 thi dan ddn ndng ddn bd rupng hodc hp chi se hffdng de'n " A l ^ T gia dinh" thi se khd kJian cho ANLT qud'c gia.
Dd gdp phan thffc hien NQ TW 26 v l an ninh Iffdng thffc, nang cao ndng life trong san xua't Ida gao vd lidn kdt "4 nha" nham gia tang thu nhdp, dam bao an sinh xa hdi, nang cao ddi sd'ng cho ndng ddn ff-ong Ida vdng DBSCL mdt each ben vffng Irong bd'i canh chiu anh hffdng do tdc ddng cda hdi nhap kinh td thd gidi, thay ddi khi hau.
ddn sd gia tang nhanh... can cd giai phdp can cd, d l u tff thich dang vd dong bd cho vdng trong Ida.
Can d l u tff thda dang cho ndng nghiep, ndng thdn trong vdng. Ngodi d l u tff v l cd sd ha ting, cai thidn an sdih xa hdi ndng thdn, qui hoach lai ddt dai trong sdn xua't ndng nghidp, chinh sach cho ndng ddn ddc biet Id cho ngffdi trlng Ida, ddo tao nhdn Iffc cho ngdnh ndng nghidp (cd u-ong nghidn cffu, qudn \f va san xud't), dau tff tffdng xtfng v l KH&CN, v.v... ein c6 chidn Iffdc lau dai cho vide san xuCt vd tidu tiiu Ida gao, trong dd c i n cd sff Uen kdt vung vd lidn kdt "4 nhd", Udn ke't KH&CN vdi ydu cau phdt Uidn cay Ida DBSCL. Moi nha eIn dffdc phan vai cu t h i , nd'u vai ndo cung hodn tiidnh tdt nhidm vu cua minh thi cdng tac san xudt Ida gao mdi di vdo dn dinh vd phat trien •
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