QUOCTg P 3
DOI SACH CUA VIET NAM TRONG QUAN HE Vdi CAC NUdc LOIN VA CAC Nl/dC TRONG TIEU VUNG SONG ME KONG
MCi RONG HIEN NAY
• PGS, TS NGUYEN THI QUE
• TS MAI HOAI ANH Hoc vien Chinii tri quoc gia Ho Clii Mttiii
• Tom tdt: Hien nay, tieu vung song Me Kong mdrdng (GMS) dd trd thdnh mgt khu viic dia - kinh te, dia - chinh tri quan trgng d khu viic Dong Nam A, Id muc tieu hdp tac cua cdc nddc ldn. Nham ndng cao vai trb vd vi the trong quan he vdi cdc niidc ldn, cdc nddc GMS vd cdc nddc lien quan, Viet Nam cdn tan dung vai tro la "cda ngo", Id "diem rdi"
trong chien Iddc can dti vdo GMS cua cdc nddc ldn; tang cddng cdc hogt dgng ngogi giao songphUdng phdt huy vai tro cdu noi trong phdt trien theo chieu ngang gida cdc nddc songMeKongvdi nhau vd vdi cdc doi tdc nhd My, Nhat Ban...; theo quan he chieu dgc giOa cdc nddc song Me Kong vdi Trung Quoc, tan dung cdc cd che hgp tdc hien co, nhd Uy hgi song Me Kong (MRC) vd Hiep hgi cdc quoc gia Dong Nam A (ASEAN).
• Tdkhoa: tieu viing song Me Kong doi ngogi cua Viet Nam, ASEAN.
M
e Kong la con song quoc te noi liSn hgp tac GMS dugc danh gia la kha thanh cong, Viet Nam, Lao, Campuchia, Thai boi Ie no da lam thay doi dang ke dm song Idnh Lan, Myanmar va mot phan lanh te, chinh tri, xa hpi cita cac nuoc trong viing.tho Tnmg Quoc. Khu vue Tieu vung song Me Cd the thay, GMS da trothanh khu vue dia - Kong mft rgng (GMS) co vi tri noi lien khu vue kinh te, dia - chinh tri quan trgng a Dong Nam Bong Nam A vol Dong BJc A va Nam A. Hgp A, la muc tieu hgp tac ly tuong ddi voi cac tac GMS dugc tang cuong tit nam 1992 thong cudng quoc. Tit nam 2000 den nay, cac nude qua Chuang trinh GMS cua Ngan hang Phat Ion da tang sd luong va quy mo cua cac du an triSn chau A (ADB) va nhieu chuong trinh hgp hgp tac tai khu vtic nay. Su can du cua Trung tac khac. Trai qua gan 3 thap nien phat trign, Qudc, Nhat Ban, My, An Dp vao GMS ngay
LYLUAN CHiNH TRj-So5/2019
QL
QUbCTEeang mang tinh canh tranh chien lupc. IVIdt loat ea ehe hop tie giua cae nude GMS vi eic nude ddi tic da hinh thinh nhu Hpp tie sdng Me Kdng - sdng Hing (2000), Hpp tic Me Kdng - Nhit Ban (2008), Hpp tic cac nude ha nguon sdng Me Kdng - My (2009) va gin day nhit la Hpp tie Me Kdng - Lan Thuang (2016)... Cie khudn khd hop tic trong khudn khd GMS da gdp phin quan trpng vio eimg cd hda binh, dn dinh, hdi nhap vi phat trien trong luu vue vi khu vye. Thdng qua eic co chg hpp tie, cac kenh, diln din mdi duoc hinh thinh gmp cie nude trong luu vue tim kiem dupe nhiing bien phip thuc day hop tie kinh te, giai quyet eic van dd" ehung cita khu vue vi sir dung tdi da tii nguyen tren co sd thio luan binh dang, tu nguyen vi cimg ed lpi.
Tuy nhien, mdi trudng an ninh khu vue hien nay dang ndi len rat nhieu vin de bat dn nhu van de hat nhin tren ban dao Tri^u Tien; cupc chign sic tdc va tdn giao; van de khung bd va ly khai; van dl vti khi huy diet; vin dl tranh chap Bien Ddng....Them vao dd, birdc sang thap nien thu hai cua the ky XXI, siie manh kinh tg va ehinh tri ciia My suy giam tuong ddi, ddng thai xuat hien cac ngn kinh te mdi noi la Trung Qudc, An Dp, Nga, Brazil, Nam Phi (BRIGS) lam thay ddi tuang quan so sanh giiia cac nude Idn 6 ca tam toin cau lan khu vue, Trung Qudc da vuon len trd thinh nen kinh tg phat trien diing thu hai thg gidi (2010) vi canh tranh Trung - My trd thinh ehu dao trong cue dien khu vue va the gidi, Trong tuong lai den nbtrng nam 2025-2030, GMS vin la noi thu hut sir quan tim vi gia tang inh hudng cua cac nude ldn. Trong dd, cac nude My, Nhat Ban, Trung Qudc, An Dp se ngp tuc dieu chinh chinh sach de gia tang anh hudng va bao ve lpi ieh ciia minh d GMS.
Luu vue sdng Me Kdng d Viet Nam cd dipn tich khoang 71nghin km^ chidm ban 8% dien tich toan luu vue vi 20% dien tich Viet Nam"' nen cd y nghia chign lupc quan trpng vg an ninh - qude phdng, ddi ngoai, kinh tg vi van hda - xa hdi. Vdi vi tri cira ngd phia Ddng eua GMS, Viet Nam ed vai trd quan trpng trong ket ndi khu vue vi kinh tg phat trien nang ddng, la mdt ddng lire tang trudng quan trpng, mdt nhin td khdng thi thigu trong viee trien khai eic sing kien hgn kgt kinh te trong hop tac GMS.
Viec eic nude ldn eanh tranh md rdng anh hudng vtra li ca hpi, vira li bii toan ldn eho eic nude GMS, trong dd cd Viet Nam. Trong bdi einh tinh hinh the gidi vi khu virc dang diin ra nhieu ehuyen bien mdi, nhanh chdng, phire tap vi khd ludng, nhu viec hinh thinh khai niem ehidn lupe An Dp Duong - Thai Binh Duong, nhung didn bien tinh hinh tren bin dao Trieu Tien, nguy ca ehu nghia biet lap va chien tranh thuong mai... ddi hdi tu duy vi each tigp can mdi trong chinh sach ddi ngoai, eu the la Viet Nam phai chu dpng, tieh circ ban de xiy dung mdt mdi trudng quoe tg va khu vue hda binh, dn dinh, ed lpi eho phat trien kinh tg - xa hdi ben virng, thuc luc virng manh ban va vi the dupe nang cao hon tren trudng qude tg.
Loi ieh qude gia lau dai ddi hdi Viet Nam can ehu y hon nira dgn trich nhiem qudc gia, dg khdng chi li mdt "ngudi ban. mdt ddi tie tin eay" eua cac qude gia khac ma edn phai li "mdt thinh vien cd trich nhiem" trong cpng ddng qudc te. Viet Nam can tan dung vi thg dia - chien lupc cua minh, vtra ting eudng hop tie vdi cac nude trong khu vue va eic nude ldn, vtra chu ddng iing phd vdi nhiing tie ddng tieu cue tir sir hpp tic va canh tranh gitra cie nuac ldn. Vl vay, gia tang hpp tic cung nhu vai trd
LYLUAN CHINH TRj-So 5/2019
m
dau tau h"ong hpp tac GMS la mdt lira chpn hq) ly cua Viet Nam trong ca hien tai v i tuong lai. Vi mdt khu vue Ddng Nam A luc dia vdi dong Me Kdng phat trien ben virng khdng ehi CO lgi cho sir phit trien ciia Viet Nam m i cdn CO lgi cho hda binh, dn dinh, hpp tic cua khu vue va the gidi.
Vdi y nghia dd, chiing tdi xin dupe de xuit mOt sd ddi sich n h i m nang eao vai trd v i vi the cua Viet Nam trong quan he vdi eic nude ldn, cac nude ttong Tieu vting va cac nude lien quan nhu sau;
Thunhit, Viet Nam ngn t i n dung vai trd la
"cua ngd", li "diem roi" trong ehidn luac can du vao Tieu viing cua cac nude ldn, die biet l i Trung Qude. Theo dd, can coi van de sdng Mg Kong quan trpng nhu vin dg Bien Ddng trong an ninh qudc gia va can su quan t i m v i h i n h dgng dtit ea eae cap bao gom Chinh phu, Qude hgi, doanh nghiep v i cie vien nghien ciiu... Bdi le, xet vi mat chien lupc, khu vue GMS ed vai tro rat quan trpng khdng chi doi vdi an ninh, phat trien ben vtrng cua dat nude, m i cdn l i khu virc ldi de ttr dd phat huy vi thd Viet Nam tren mpt tam nhin rdng ldn hon ra chiu A - Thai Binh Duong.
Thiihai, tang cudng eic hoat ddng ngoai giao song phuang vdi cae nude trong khu vue vi eic nuoc ldn de duy tri quan he tdt dep, moi trudng hoa binh, dn dinh va tranh bign Me Kdng thinh van de ldn trong quan he Viet Nam vdi eae nirdc; tang cudng thiic day ngoai giao nhan dan, cac cupc tigp xiic, trao ddi kinh nghiem giua nhan din cae nude cimg sdng dpe ddng song, tao ra tieng ndi va h i n h ddng ehung gitra nhan din cae nude, de tir dd tac ddng nguoe trd lai dgn qua trinh hoach dmh chinh sich ciia Chinh phu; tang eudng td chirc cac hdi thao quoc te vg van de hop tac phit trien trong GMS
v i cac CO ehe hpp tic vdi cie nude ldn de tiep thu cie sang kign va khuyen nghi cua cie hpc gia trong q u i trinh dau tranh bao ve lpi ich cua nude ha ngudn.
Thii ba, Viet Nam can tiep tuc phit huy vai trd cau ndi trong phat trien theo chieu ngang giira cae nude sdng Mg Kdng vdi nhau vi vdi eac ddi tic nhu My, Nhit Ban...; cdn theo chieu dpe l i giua Trung Qudc vdi cie nude sdng Me Kdng, can t i n dung co hdi ma eic nude ldn (Trung Qudc, Nhat Ban, My, An Dp.,.) quan tam v i ting cudng quan he vdi cie nude Mg Kdng dg phat tngn kinh tg m i Viet Nam ed nhu eau, qua dd nang cao ning suat lao ddng, siie canh tranh v i nang luc hpi nhap qude td cira minh.
Vdi tu each l i mdt nude thude nhdm cac nude phit trien hon trong GMS va cd nhieu thinh tuu an tuong trong tang trudng v i hdi nhap kinh te qude tg, Viet Nam ein tigp tue khing dinh quyet t i m chinh tri cua minh trong Hop tac GMS thdng qua viec tham gia vao cae boat ddng eu the. Trong thdi gian tdi, cac van de an ninh phi truyen thdng, nhu an ninh luong thve, an ninh eon ngudi, an ninh ngudn nude, an ninh mdi trudng se l i nhirng trpng tam cua nhieu ehuong trinh lien ket khu vue vi quoc te, trong dd ed GMS. Cting vdi dd, tam quan trpng cua khu vue GMS ngiy cang ting len, thu hiit su quan tam ciia nhieu cudng quoc, do dd se cd nhieu ca hdi tot de Viet Nam eiing nhu eac nude trong Tieu vimg tranh thu them cac ngudn tai tra ve nhieu mat tir ben ngoai. Do do, Viet Nam cin ehii ddng de xuat v i thuc hien linh hoat eac sang kign khic nhau nhu: didn dan, hdi chp trien lam, du lich, giao luu vin hda, giio due, the thao, am thuc, bigu didn thdi trang...v.v.,,cideap qude giavi cie dia phuong lien quan cua cac nude. Day manh edng tie truyen didng qudc te nham ning cao nhan thiic
LYLUAN CHINHTR!-So5/2019
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QUOCTEeua ngudi dan cac nude ven sdng Mg Kdng ndi chung, Viet Nam ndi rieng ve tam quan trpng ciia an ninh ngudn nude; keu goi cie nuoc GMS dat uu tien cao hon cho an ninh ngudn nude trong eae ke hoach va ngin sich qude gia; gin ket cie nude vao cac sing kien ve an ninh luong thuc, an ninh nang lupng, sue khde va bien ddi khi hiu...
Thu til, trong didi gian tdi, viee tham gia cac CO ehe hop tie Me Kdng can dupe ehii trpng, nang eao hieu qui hon ntra.Thuc te cho thay, vdi kha nhieu eac ca chg hop tie hien nay d GMS, thich thirc ldn nhat ddi vdi cac nude la cd qua nhieu ea che hop tie chdng cheo, nhi^u ndi dung hop tie triing lap, cd nbtrng ea che tdn tai nhung hiu nhu khdng boat ddng. Ddi vdi Viet Nam, viee theo dudi nhieu ea ehe khac nhau khign sir tham gia ed liie, cd noi thidu hieu qua.
Do dd, Viet Nam can cd chign lupc tdng the eho viec tham gia cie co che hpp tic khu vue sdng Me Kdng, trong dd xic dinh ro trong tam, trpng digm, tap tmng va phin bd ngudn luc ein thigt de tham gia nhim dat hieu qua tdi uu. Mdi ca che hpp tie hien nay ed die diem khic nhau, ddng thdi cd nhigu diem chdng cheo. Viet Nam can cting cie ben hen quan tigp tue xic dinh tinh die thti ciia timg co che, su bd tro cua cac CO che, loai bd nhirng chdng cheo khdng can thiet, cfing thiic day cac ndi dung hpp tie ed lpi tren co sd can nhdc mdt each tdng the ca lpi ich trude mit va lau dai, lpi ich qudc gia va lai ieh toin khu vue.
Thd nim, Viet Nam nen tin dung eic eo ehg hpp tie hien ed d khu vue, dac biet la Uy hpi sdng Me Kdng (MRC) vi Hiep hdi eac qude gia Ddng Nam A (ASEAN) vi dua van de hpp tie phit trien eting nhu an ninh ngudn nude sdng Mg Kdng vao chuong trinh nghi su cua eic dign din, hdi nghi ciia cac to chiic nay.
Ddi vdi ASEAN: ASEAN cd vai trd dia - chign luoc quan trpng hang dau trong khu vue. La mpt nude ed quy md ldn trong ASEAN vai din sd dung diir ba va dien tieh ldn thir tu trong ASEAN, Viet Nam can tang cudng vai trd cua minh trong ASEAN. Neu khdng ed ASEAN, Viet Nam se khd khin hon nhieu trong quan he vdi eic nude ldn, nhat la trong dau tranh bao ve ehii quyen bien, dio vi gia ting hop tie phit trien trong khudn khd GMS. Chinh vi vay, xay dung Cdng ddng ASEAN vi GMS md rdng vimg manh phai tidp tuc li mdt trong nhiing uu tidn hang diu trong ehinh sach ddi ngoai eiia Viet Nam trong giai doan hien nay vdi dinh hudng ldn li doin ket, ddng thuin eao, ddng thdi cd cae bien phap tang cudng ndi lire quoe gia de ganh vie nhiing trich nhiem ldn ban vdi cac van de ehung cua khu vue vi Tieu vting. Theo do, Viet Nam can coi viec hien thue boa vi cung edCpng ddng ASEAN la mpt trong nhiing nhiem vu quan trong, mot trongnhting tru ehinh eua ehinh sich ddi ngoai.
Hien nay, ve" quin ly ngudn nude sdng Me Kdng cung nhu mdt sd co ehe khic dang duac Cdng ddng Van hda - Xa hdi ASEAN dam nhin, song do van de lien quan den cie khia eanh khic nhau, nhit li trong linh vue an ninh phi truyen thdng, nen Viet Nam ein thiie day dua vin de nay ed them su tham gia ctia Cdng ddng Chinh tri-An ninh ASEAN.
001 vdi MRC, td ehue lien chinh phu quan trong nhat trong viee quan tri ngudn nude sdng Me Kong. Viet Nam can chu ddng thue day cac nude thinh vien MRC tham gia day du vio eic td chiic vi dan xep luu vue, him y cae nude nhu Trung Qudc va Myanmar can sdm tro thinh thanh vien ehinh tbiic ciia MRC, the ehg toin dien nhat eho dgn nay, trong qua trinh quan ly cac vin de chung cua sdng Me Kdng. Hien tai, MRC vin chua bao gdm tat ci cac nude trong
LYLUAN CHINH TRI-So 5/2019
J2I
luuvirc, trong khi dd, Trung Qudc va Myanmar, voi nr each la hai nude thuang ngudn, lai ddng vai trd quan trpng trong viee eimg quan ly ddng song theo tinh than cua Hiep dinh nam 1995, Ngu duge uy thae nhieu quyen luc hon nira tir cac qudc gia cd ehu quyen, MRC cd trien vpng se dong vai trd ldn ban trong viee dieu hda eic lgi ich da dang cua eic nuae trong lim vue thdng qua viec xiy dung cie chign lupc vi chuong trinh hudng tdi su cdng bing va ben vting. Trude mit, Viet Nam cin thilc day cie qua trinh tham van trude vi tigp tuc vin ddng cho viec dung cac du in xiy dung dap thiiy dien ffcac nude (nhit la d Lao) trong vdng 10 nam de danh gia ky ludng lai cie tac ddng. Viec keu gpi d6ng thuan gitra bdn qudc gia thanh vien MRC vi lpi ieh ehung ciia ddng sdng, su dung mgt each ben vting, cdng bang vi hop ly li dieu het siic thigt yeu.
Viet Nam ngn ehu ddng de xuat vdi chinh phii cac nude va MRC nghien ciiu viec xiy dimg mgt dinh chg mdi, hoae md rdng MRC hien nay, bao gdm ca 6 nude thinh vien vi mdt hiep dinh mdi, hoac cai tien Hiep dinh Me Kdng 1995 trdn CO sd nit kinh nghiem ve nhung gi tich euc cung nhu nhtmg gi bit cap da dign ra tren thuc tg;
nghien ciru xay dung mdt Bp quy tic irng xir (COC) nhu mpt bd luat "mem" dieu chinh hinh vi cua cac quoe gia ven sdng ciing nhu eic chii the cd lign quan khic (cie td ehiic, doanh nghiep, ngudi dan...). Bd quy tac ung xir nay se chi ra nhiing dieu ngn va khdng nen ddi vdi cie ben hen quan, trong do quan trpng nhat li vai tro ciia cie ehinh phii trong luu vue, nhim bio dam viee khai thac, su dung ddng sdng mdt each hpp ly. Dd se li nhiing cdng cu hiiu dung cho qua trinh ra quyet dinh chinh thtic, ngu xic dinh rd rang trich nhiem ring budc vi ehia se M ich giua cac ben lien quan.
Thd siu, ddi vdi cie van de nhay eim lidn quan den quan ly, chia se ngudn nude, tren tmh than xay dung, hop tie, quan tam lpi ich cua cac bdn lien quan, Viet Nam can kien tri van ddng, dau tranh, ddng thdi cd eieh xir ly kheo leo, linh boat trong timg khudn khd hpp tie. Do siic ep phit trien kinh te, cac qude gia trong luu vue dang ed gang khai thie triet de tiem nang phat trign thuy dign tir sdng Me Kdng. Trung Qudc, Lao vi Campuchia da quy hoach han 20 dap thiiy dien, trong dd Trung Qude di xiy dupe 8 dip d thugng ngudn, Lio va Campuchia ed ke hoach xiy U dip d ha ngudn. Can diy nhit, Lio tuygn bd xiy dung dip Pak Beng - dip thuy dien ldn thir ba, sau hai dip Xayaburi vi Don Sahong'^' tren ddng chinh sdng Me Kdng. Cac du in thuy dien dupe du bio li se tic ddng siu sic dgn ddi sdng ngudi din, mdi trudng, an ninh luang thuc, su dn dinh eiia khu vue. Tir eic tie ddng tren diy, khi dua vio thi edng va van hinh, eic du an niy dupe du bao cd khi nang giy ra nhirng tic ddng xuyen bien gidi va gay cang thing qude te trong vimg ha luu sdng Me Kdng. Ben eanh dd, nhung thiet hai dudi gdc nhin dia - chinh tri cung ein phii tinh den do la quyen lpi qude gia, dan tde; mdi quan he gitra eic nude trong ha luu; su phu thude eung nhu khi nang khdng che ngudn nude d thupng ngudn..,
Li qude gia cudi ngudn, Viet Nam (cu thg li khu vue ddng bing sdng Cim Long) se thudng xuyen phii ddi mat vdi thieh thiie to ldn ve ngudn nude, sinh ke, an ninh luong thuc, mdi trudng vi xa hpi do tic ddng tich luy, xuyen bien gidi cua viee xiy dung vi van hanh eic cdng trinh thuy dien tren ddng chinh. Nguy co niy se ldn hon khi bi cdng hudng bdi tie ddng cua bien ddi khi hiu do muc nude bien ding.
Vin dg an ninh ngudn nude edn lidn quan dgn
LYLUAN CHINH TRI-565/2019
fSL
QUOCTEnhieu khia canh khic nhau nhu an ninh eon ngudi, an ninh luong thue, an ninh nang lupng, mdi trudng, bien ddi khi hau, benh dieh..., do do ddi hdi phai ed mdt giai phip tdng the, hdn thdng, nhieu ting nie giira cac nude, eac nhi tai trp, eic Bd, nginh, dia phuang, td chiic trong mdi nude. Dac biet, vai trd cua ngudi din sdng trong cie luu vue phai dupe dat d vi tri trung tam trong cac qui trinh hoach dinh chinh sach vi ddng sdng la ngudn sdng, li mdt trong nhirng cdi ngudn tao nen vin hda, ldi sdng ciia hp. Cupc sdng ciia hon 60 trieu ngudi'^' trong luu vue sdng Mg Kdng phu thudc ldn vio ngudn nude, ngudn ci (tri gia hing ty dd la My), giao thdng thuy vi nhieu tii nguyen khac ciia ddng sdng quy gia niy. Do dd, Chinh phu Viet Nam ein ed hanh ddng cu the de cie ben lign quan trong hpp tic Mg Kdng ed trich nhiem tuin thu nhiing cam ket sin ed, ddng thdi tiep tuc tim kidm giai phip thay the, bao gdm ca viec thiet lip eo ehg ehia se quyen lpi, trich nhiem trong van dg tii nguyen nude Me Kdng. Cu the nhu, dim phin vdi ehinh phii cae nude ha luu sdng Me Kdng xem xet tam dirng cie du in thiiy dien trong khu vue de tien hanh danh gia mOt each toan dien, ddc lap va minh bach; ddng thdi voi tim kigm cac giii phip nang lupng thay thg va chinh sich phit trien ben vung, bdi vi thiic day cae giai phip ning luong mdi eting eic sing kign phit trien ben vtrng sg gdp phan tang cudng kha nang phuc hdi cho ei luc dia Ddng Nam A. Qudc hdi Viet Nam can ddng vai trd cbii ddng, giim sit viee thuc thi ehinh sich nhat quan ciia qudc gia trong van de quan ly, khai thae ngudn nude sdng Mg Kdng, Theo dd, Qudc hdi va cie Uy ban eiia Qude hdi can cd cac chuang trinh giam sit eu the de dam bao thuc thi ehinh sach nhat quin
ciia Viet Nam lign quan dgn quin ly nguon nude khu vue.
Ddi vdi vin dg xay dung eac dip thiiy dien trgn ddng sdng Me Kdng, Viet Nam can dau tranh cdng khai va manh me ve viec tuin thu nhting cam ket trong "Hiep dinh ve hop tic phit trien ben vung song Me Kong", ddng thdi can tin dung tdi da cie sing kien eiia My, Nhit Ban, An Dd, Hin Qude, Australia, EU v.v.. di phit trien ben vting d khu vue niy. Ve mat luit phip qude te, Viet Nam can thiic day viee thue hien Cdng ude Lidn Hop qudc nam 1997 ve Luit Sli dung cie ngudn nude qudc tg eho muc dieh phi giao thdng thuy mi nude ta da gia nhap thing 8-2014. Diy la Cdng ude toan cau dau tien dieu chinh khi toan didn quan he giiia cie qudc gia trong viec sir dung cac ngudn nude lidn qude gia vdi mue dieh bao dim sii dung ngudn nude mdt eieh edng bing, hop ly giiia thupng luu va ha luu. Mic dti d Tieu vimg, ngoii Viet Nam chua cd qude gia ven sdng Mg Kdng nao gia nhap Cdng ude, nhung Viet Nam vin ed the sir dung Cdng ude de dam phan giii quygt eae vin de phit sinh ddi vdi ngudn nude Uen qudc gia. Ben canh dd, Viet Nam cin tieh cue van ddng cie nude gia nhip Cdng ude de ed the ip dung nguygn tic sii dung cdng bing va hop ly ngudn nude lim chuan muc ehung trong qui trinh khai thie ddng sdng Mg Kdng.
Thd biy, chii ddng, tich cue diy manh hop tic cap khu virc trong viec su dung lpi ich ddng sdng Mg Kdng vdi cac nude ldn. Viet Nam can ehu ddng dua ra de xuat vg cac hd trp can thigt de xiy dung mOt chign luac hpp tic trong Sfi dung, quin ly va phit trign hieu qui, bgn vtrng cie ngudn nude xuygn bien gioi rheo tinh than di dupe neu trong tuyen bd ehung cua Thu tudng Nguyen Xuin Phuc va Tdng thdng Donald Trump vio thing 5-2017. Hoac Viet Nam
LYLUAN CHiNH TRj-56 5/2019
Ji
can tan dung vi thg eua minh trong ea che Hop tac Lan Thuang - Me Kdng dg thuang thuyet d the binh ding vdi Trung Qude. Bdi vi trai nguoe vdi MRC, noi Trung Qudc khdng tham gia, Hpp tac Lan Thuong - Mg Kdng la mpt nen tang da phuong ma d do Viet Nam ed vi the ngang bing voi Trung Qudc. Hpp tie Lan Thuong - Mg Kdng duoc xem li dign din de Bie Kinh thuc dSy cac ddi thoai hpp tac kinh te va md rdng ha tang vdi cac nude trong khu vue. Cung vdi cac hgp tic trong sing kien Mdt vinh dai - Mpt eon duong (OBOR), Hop tic Lan Thuang - Me Kdng se mau chdng dinh hinh vi the inh hudng vting chk cua Trung Qudc d toan khu vue Tigu vting song Me Kdng. Trong vidn eanh do, Viet Nam cin ddi saeh ngoai giao linh hoat dg dam bio cac lpi ich va vi thg chinh tri eiia minh d cac thi truong truygn thdng, nhu Lio vi Campuchia tmoc thuc tS nhirng nim gin day, ddng dau tu va vien tro cua Trung Qude vio Lio, Cam- puchia lign tue tang manh vi hien da vupt qua Viet Nam de trd thinh nha dau tu sd ldn nhat d 2 nude niy.
Thd tim, hoan tat eic ehinh sich vdi cie nudeldn
Ddi vdi My. Viet Nam can thiic day ban nira vai trd lam eau noi ctia minh. Dieu can thidt la g^ ket mdi quan he giira My vi GMS trgn tat ci cac Unh vue, thiic day viee ting eudng vi md rgng pham vi phdi hpp giua My va cie nude Tieu vting trong xii ly cie van de qude te, khu vue ma cac ben cung quan tim thdng qua viec nang cao hieu qua co che ddi thoai chign lupe My - Me Kdng. Ve kinh tg, Vigt Nam can phit huy vi tri eiu ndi kinh tg, thiic day diu tu ciia My tdi khu virc. Vg an ninh - qudc phdng, Viet Nam can hpp tic vdi My de ning eao sire manh quin suqude phdng. Ve vin hda - xa hdi, trong tuang 'ai, quan he hpp tic My - Viet can duae ting
cudng. Tuy hien tai, miie diu tu eua My cho sing kien Hpp tic Mg Kdng - Lan Thuang (LMI) dupe dinh gia li ehua thuc su \dn, tuy vay van dang ting dan theo timg nim.
Ddi vdi Trung Qudc. Ve kinh tg, dudi nhting tie dpng chinh saeh kinh tg ciia Trung Qude ddi vdi GMS, Viet Nam ein xic dinh ro phuong eham, chit truong hgp tie, chu ddng trong viec trao ddi vdi phia Trung Quoe ve eic van de hen quan tdi hpp tic Tieu vimg ndi neng vi vdi sing kign Vinh dai vi Con dudng ndi chung.
Do vay, de cd thg hpp tic kinh tg mdt eieh toin dien, tranh thti nam bit dupe nbtrng co hpi dau tu tdt tif phia Trung Qudc, Viet Nam nen ehii ddng trong viec de xuat eic npi dung hgp tic cd lpi eho phat trien kinh tg Viet Nam.
Thgm vio dd, tich cue nim bit thdng tin, trao ddi thdng tin, nghien eiiu phin tich eic ehuong trinh du in hpp tie kinh te vdi Trung Qudc trong kliudn khd hpp tic GMS vi sing kien Vinh dai vi Con dudng de cd co sd khoa hpe dua ra nhirng quygt dinh hpp tic. Id trinh phit trign kmh tgkhoa hoc. Vdi nhung du in khdng phii hop, Viet Nam eung can cd thai dp rd ring, dirt khoit. Trong hpp tie trgn cac linh virc, ngoai viee thg hien thien chi sin sang hgp tie cimg phit trien, cie co quan chinh quyen cap dia phuong - nhiing dia phuang true tiep cd lien quan trong hpp tie GMS can cd nhirng ddng thii vi bien phap kien quygt hpp ly trude cie van de gay biie xtic eho nhin dan (nhu ve quyen lao ddng, vin de mdi trudng...), Bao ve quyen Ipi ctia ngudi din vi chu quyen lanh thd qudc gia li van de dupe dat len hang dau. Cie ca quan chinh quyen can chii trpng Ipi ieh chign luac liu dai trong tuong lai khi tham gia hap tie vdi Trung Qude. Ddi vdi cac van de an ninh phi truyen thdng nhu tdi pham xuyen qude gia, budn liu hing hda va ma tuy, ngan
LYLUAN CHfNH TRI-So 5/2019
ISL
QUdCTEchin dieh benh.., Trung Qude v i Viet Nam cin ting eudng hpp tie ban niia, vdi nhieu hinh thiic sang tao trao doi thdng tin, ehuyen giao tn thiic khoa hpe cdng nghe, td chirc hpi thio, giao luu tpa d i m giiia cac ban nganh, gitra can bd cap cao hai ben.., Nhirng hoat ddng nay se ting eudng su hop tie chat che giua cie nude, ddng thdi tang them su hieu bidt, tin eay Ian nhau giira hai nude, Dac biet hien nay, hai nude cdn nhieu bit ddng trong viec giii quyet tranh chap trong khai thac sdng Me Kdng. Viet Nam cin xiy dung mdi quan he mat thiet vdi Trung Qudc de cap nhat diy du ve tinh hinh cie tram thuy dien tren thuang ngudn sdng Lan Thuong- Me Kdng de cd the inig phd linh ddng vdi nbtrng bign ddng xay ra eho hoat ddng kinh tg, mdi trudng va sinh boat ciia n h i n din, Viet Nam ciing can ed nhimg boat ddng nghien eiiu ve h i u qui eiia vin de xiy dung eic d i p thuy dien trdn sdng Me Kdng. Can xiy dung sin nhung phuong an ddi phd vdi eic tinh hudng tieu cue cd the xay ra.
Ddi vdi Nhit Ban: Viet Nam can tigp tue thuc hien chinh saeh "da phuong hda, da dang hda" quan he ddi ngoai, tang eudng quan he vdi tit e i eac cac nude, trung lip khdng diing vg phia mdt nude nio de giam thieu su canh tranh gitra cac nude ldn, tao ra thg cin b i n g lue lupng, giiip khu vue dn dinh v i phat trien thinh vupng ban, Ngupc lai, ngu xir ly khdng tdt se tang tinh canh tranh, ddi d i u giira eic nude ldn, tang kha nang ly tam vi anh hudng tieu cue den su phat trign ciia Viet Nam nhung nam sip tdi, Viet Nam ein su dung cd hieu qua ngudn vdn vien trp cua Nhit Bin, gin ket ODA de xiy dung ca sd ha tang kinh tg - x i hpi vdi viee thu hiit d i u tu true tiep nude ngoii (FDI) vi nbtrng nganh cdng nghiep mui nhpn phue vu cho cdng nghiep hda dat nude nhu
edng nghiep chg tao va eic nginh cdng nghiep phu tro. Viet Nam can tan dung ca hdi li qude gia ddng thdi tham gia Co che Hop tic Kinh tg Toin dien Khu vue ASEAN (RCEP) v i Hiep dinh Ddi tic toan dien vi Tien bd xuyen Thii Binh Duang (CPTPP) duy nhat trong tidu viing dg thu hut dau tu ttr N h i t Ban. Ve an ninh - qudc phdng, Viet Nam c i n tan dung s u h d trp cita Nhit Bin v i tang cudng hpp tac vdi Nhat Bin trong Unh vue an ninh - qudc phdng dg ning cao tiem lue qudc phdng. N h i t Bin xem
"ting trudng xanh" la mdt tir khda trong quan he hgp tac Nhat Bin - Me Kdng trong t h i p ky tdi. Do dd, Viet Nam c i n sii dung cd hieu qua ngudn vdn vay ODA v i vdn hpp tie ky thuat eua Nhat Ban trong ITnh vue nay dg nang cao ning luc bO may, cai each chinh saeh y tg v i phiic lpi xi hdi, cham sdc siie khde edng dong, ning eao chat lupng eudc sdng ctia ngudi dan.
Cting vdi dd, Viet Nam can hpc t i p kinh nghiem ciia Nhit Bin trong viee b i o ve mdi trudng, xiy dung cie r h i n h phd sir dung cdng nghe "xanh, saeh" de phat trign mdt cich ben vung v i t i n dung su hd trp cua Nhit Bin, keu gpi, de xuit nhiing du i n hen quan ddn van dg bao ve mdi trudng, bao ve ngudn nude ven sdng Mg Kdng O
(1) "Liru vue sdng Me Kdng tai Viet Nam", http: / /vnme.gov.vn.
(2) "Hang tram thuy dien thuang nguon Me Kdng de dga dong bang song Cuu Long", https:/ / news.zing.vn
(3) "Dap tren ha luu song Me Kong: Cugc khung hoang nude xuyen bien gioi", https://w.w,winter- nationaJtivers.vn
LY LUAN CHiNHTR!-S6 5/2019
