JOURNAL OF SCIENCF. OF HNUF. DOL 10 I8I7.V2354-I067.20I7-0101 SocialScience, 2017. Vol, 62, Iss. 11, pp. 158-166
This paper is available online al htlp-//sldb.hnue edu.vn
CACH UNG PHO VA MOI QUAN HE GlUA CACH UNG PHO V6l MU'C DO SANG CHAN TAM LI CUA PHU NU BAO LUC GIA DINH
Le Thi Tubng Van
Vien Nghien citu Pint nif. Hoe vien Phu nit Viet Nam
Toin tat. Ong phd cua phu nfl hi bao lUc gia dinh lit moi yeu l6 quan irong, co mdi quan he nhil dinh vdi ,sang chin tam If 5 ho, bieu hien dcac trieu chflng PTSD, trim cam, lo au, stress. Dilu Ira 165 phu nfl bi bao lUc gia dlnh d 2 linh Ha Nam va Ric Ninh cho thiy, Ung phd dinh hudng xiic cam va dinh hUdng ne tranh co mdi IUdng quan ihuan, ngUdc lai, ting phd dinh hudng giai quyel van de co mdi lUdng quan nghich vdi cac tneu chflng sang chin tam If cHa hg. Trong dd, flng pho d]nh hudng xiic cam cd lUOng quan chat che nhat vdt bieu hien sang chan tim If d phu nfl bi bao lUc gia dinh. Phiil hien cua nghien cflu cho thiy, cong tac can thiep, hd Ird cin giiip phu nfl tfch cUc tham gia boat dong hUdng din giai quyll cac vin d l lien quan den bao lUc gia dinh, han che each flng phd tap trung vao xuc cam hay ne tranh hoan ciinh ciia minh, cd the din din kha nang phat trien cac tneu chflng sang chin tam If nghiem trong hcfn.
Tif khoa: Phu nfl, flng pho, bao lUc gia dinh, sang chin lam If, PTSD.
1. Mci diu
Sang chin tam If lii mpt van de dUdc nhac tdi nhieu trong lam If hgc hien dai, dung de noi den ket qua cua viec tilp xiic vdi (nhflng) sU kten cUc ki cang thang, pha v6 ciim giac an toiin cua ca nhan [5, 8, 9], lam cho cit nhiin cam ihiy bi de dga nghiem irong va b i t lUc irong viec flng pho vdi nd. Cang nhieu cam giac sd hai, b i t luc, cang khd khan trong viec flng phd vdi sU kien cang thing Ihi cang cd nhieu kha nang ca nhan bj sang chin lam If [9, 10]. Nhfl vay. flng phd la mgt nhan lo quan Irgng de hieu v e s a n g chan Iam If - cho dii nd rat phflc tap, bdi vi mdt mat flng pho CO the dUdc hieu nhU lit yeu td dU bao sang chan lam If, mat khac nd lai lii ket qua ciia sang chan tSm If (Mary Ann Dutton vit cdng sU, 2009) [7]. Nghien cflu nay se trinh bay each flng phd va phan tfch mdi quan he gifla cac ciich flng phd vdi mflc do sang chin tam If d phu nfl bj bao lUc gia dinh.
Ngay nhan bai: 15/3/2017 Ngay .siia hai 11/7/2017, Ngay nhan dang: 20/10/2017 Lien he: Le Thi Titclng Van, c-mail; ievananhtbi]@gmail,com
Cach t/ng phd vd nu'ii quan he giita cdth itng phd vdi mtfc dd .sang chdn tdm li...
2. Noi dung nghien cihi
2.1. Khach the va phiroing phap nghien cii'u 2.1.1. Khach the nghien cihi
Nghien cflu dieu tra bang bang hdi 165 phu nfl bj bao Iflc gia dinh tai 4 xa/ phudng Ihuoc 2 tinh' Phudng Thanh Chau - thiinh pho Phu Ly, xa Thanh Hfldng- huyen Thanh Liem (Ha Nam);
xa Cach Bi va Ngoc Xa, huyen Que Vo (Bic Ninh). 113 ngudi da hoac dang tham gia cac cau lac bd phong chong bao lUc gia dinh (chiem 68,3%), Irong dd, hg dUdc truyin thong niing cao nhan thflc va dUdc tap huin ve ki nang phan flng v6i bao lUc gia dinh. Do tudi trung binh ciia mau lii 48:
nghe nghiep chu yeu la Iam nong nghiep (72,7%).
Dungcu do
* Sang chdn tdm li: Nghien cflu lim hieu bdn bieu hien cua sang chin tam If, gdm rdi loan stress sau sang sang chan (PTSD), tram ciim, lo au vii stress. Trong do, sU dung bang kiem PTSD danh cho DSM'5* [Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Menial Disorders - version 5 (So lay Thdng ke va Chan doan cac Roi loan Tam than phien ban ihfl 5 cua Hiep Hoi cac nha Tam than hgc My (American Psychiatric Association), Thang 5/2013] (The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5/PCL-5) de danh gia 20 trieu chflng cu the cua PTSD [8]; ddng thdi diJng thang do DASS-42 (Depression, Axiety and Stress Scale 42 items) vdi ban dich dang dUdc dung de chan ddiin tai Khoa Tam than - Benh vien Bach Mai) de danh gia cac trieu chflng tram cam, lo au, stress
* Cdch ling phfl: Nghien cflu tham khao Bang kiem flng pho vdi cac tinh hudng cang thing (Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations /CTSS) (Endler & Parker, 1990; Avero, P., Corace, K, M., Endler, N. S , & Calvo, M. G., 2003) (dt. Le Van Hao, 2014) [I] phien ban 21 item Trong dd, 10/21 item cua CISS da dUdc sfl dung vii bd sung them 8 cau mdi cho phu hdp vdi khach the nghien cflu Tong so 18 item theo cac each flng phd khac nhau dUdc xap sep xen ke vdi nhau DUa tren sU phan bd diem dat dUdc khi danh gia ve each flng phd, chung tdi chia thang do mdi each flng phd lam 3 nhom nhU sau:
Bdng I. Cdc nhdm diem thang do cdch dng phd ciia phu nif bi bao luc gia dinh Cach uHg pho
Ung pho dinh hudng xuc cam Ung pho djnh hudng giai quyel van de Ung phd dinh hUdng ne tranh
Mu'c thap
<0,1I
<0,79
<0,37
Mu'c trung binh 0,11-1,29 0,79-2,06 0,37-1,61
Mu'c cao
>i,2g
>2,06
>I,6I
2.2. Ket qua nghien cull
2.2.1, Mot so van de li luan ve each u'ng pho cua phu nit bi bao lufc gia dmh
T^ng phd (coping) dUdc hieu la cac nd lUc vl mat nhan ihflc va hiinh vi thay ddi thudng xuyen degiai quyet cac ddi hdi cap bach tfl ben ngoiii hoac ben irong hoac la ca hai (Corsini, 1999, tr.223) [dt.l]. Cach flng phd la sU chu ddng lfla chgn nhflng phUdng an, nhflng each thflc flng phd cu the cho mgt tinh huong cu the ma ca nhan cam thay la phu hdp vdi hoan canh cua hg.
Xem xet mgt sd If thuyet ve flng phd cua cac tac gia Lazarus & Foikman (1986); Carver
C.S.vaScheierM.F. (1989); Vitaliano P.P. (1990): Cox vil Ferguson (l991):Ensel WM.LinN
(1991)..., chiing tdi thay cd 3 each flng phd da dUdc nhieu nha tam If hoc ndi den dUdi cac hinh
thflc khac nhau, phu hdp vdi ddi tUdng ciia nghien cflu niiy, dd la: flng phd dinh hudng giai quyel
159
LeThi Tudng Van
van d l ; flng phd dinh hfldng cam xuc; va flng pho dinh hUdng ne tranh (dt. Phan Thi Mai Hudng, 2007; Le Van Hao, 2014, DUdng Thj Kim Oanh, 2013) [1, 3, 4].
- Ung phd dinh hfldng giai quyel van de- Cach flng pho nay mang tinh chit tfch cUc, thfch nghi lot vi the hien sU nd lUc tap trung vao nhflng vin de cin giat quyel, ddng thdi Ihflc hien mdt sd boat dgng nham muc dfch giiii quyet van de hoiic thay ddi van de lien quan den bao lUc gia dinh va linh Irang khd chiu (do bj sang chin tam If) cua ban than. Bdi vay, each flng phd niiy cd the giup phu nfl giam nhe cac irieu chflng sang chan tam If hdn nhflng each flng phd khac.
- Ung phd dmh hUdng cam xuc. Muc dfch cua phu nfl flng phd theo each niiy la de giam cang thing, va thich nghi tam thdi vdi tinh hudng da xay ra ma ho coi la khong the thay doi dUdc.
Hp c h i p nhan bao lUc gia dinh nhu mgi phin cua sd phan ihong qua cam xuc cua ca nhan hoac mong muon lim kiem vii nhiin dUdc sU Ihau hieu, dong vien, an lit va sU ho trd tfl ngfldi khac Tuy nhien, ve mat dai han, nhflng cang thing cd the cang tich luy, don nen tang them vii dan den cac he qua nhu phat trien ihanh cac trieu chflng Io au va tram cam, Ngudi flng phd theo phong each djnh hudng cam xuc IhUdng cd phan flng nhu tflc gian, Uu phien hay cd khi bj am anh (Le Van Hiio, 2014, tr.34) [1], nen cd the dU bao sang chan liim If nhieu hdn.
- Ung phd ne tranh. cd the mang tinh thi'ch nghi ve mat ngin ban ddi vdi cac vin de khong the kiem soat dUdc hay vUdI kha nang, ngudrl lUc tam li cua cii nhan. Ne tranh theo kieu lang Iranh, chay Iron la nham cd quen di nhflng gi dang liim ho cang thang, sd hai bang sU cd gang liim ngd hoac bang cac hoat ddng xoa diu tinh than khac nhu tim den chat kfch thfch (rUdu, chit gay nghien . ) (Le Van Hao, 2014, tr.34) [1]. Nhflng viec niiy h i u hit khdng xay ra trong bdi canh van hda Viet Nam, mil phu nfl ihudng "chay tron" vao cac boat dong khac nhfl: di xem bdi, di le chua cau may man, binh a n . . flng phd ne tranh da dUdc phat hien lii yeu td dU bao sang chin tam If nghiem irgng hdn (Dutton, 2009) [ 7 ; t r 2 l 5 - 2 l 6 ]
Nhu vay, cac each flng phd khac nhau se lien quan den sang chan tam If cua phu nfl bj bao lUc gia dinh d cac mflc do khac nhau
2.2.2. T h y c t r a n g each ihig p h d cua p h u nu* bi b a o lUc gia d m h
1.42
Bieu do 1. Cdc cdch ifng phd vdi iinh trang hi tdn thUdng ldm li ctia phu nQ bi bao life gia dinh (ddn vi tinh: DTB)
Khi d trong hoiin canh bi bao Iflc gia dinh va bat dau cd nhflng bieu hien cua sang chan tam li, ngUdi phu nfl se cd nhflng cam giac rit khd chiu, khdng thoai mai ve nhilu mat, nen thdng
Ihudng hg se phai lam gi dd de ddi phd/giai quyet tinh trang bat on niiy. Kel qua khao sal cho thay, each flng pho djnh hfldng giai quyet van de dUdc lUa chgn nhieu nhit (DTB =1.42); trong khi each flng phd dmh hfldng xuc cam dUdc lUa chgn it nhit, the hien d diem trung binh thip nhil (DTB =0,70)
Tren IhUc te, da so phu nfl dUdc phdng van da hoac dang tham gia vao cac chUdng trinh phdng chong bao lUc gia dinh vii ho trd nan nhiin (chiem 68,3%) nen ho da dUdc trang bj nhflng kien ihflc, kT nang khoa hoc nhit dinh de ddi phd vdi linh trang bao life gia dlnh, cung nhU tU hd trd cho ban than Ket qua la phan dong phu nfl da cd each flng phd kha tfch cUc Bieu hien cu the cac each flng phd cua phu nfl bi bao lUc gia dinh nhU sau:
* Ung pho dinh hifdng gidi quyet vdn de:
Bang 2. Ung pho dinh hudng gidi quyet Cac bieu hien
3. Co gang lap trung vao cong viec lioac cham lo gia dinh de quen di nhflng suy nghT lien quan den bao IUC gia dlnh
4 Co gang tham gia vao cac hoat dong xii hoi, cong d6ng de quen di bao lljc gia d'mh va n5i bufln ciia biin thiin
5 Noi chuyen, chia se vdi ngu6i than, ban be vg nhflng cam giac, suy ngliT va tinh Irang ciia minh 6. DSn tram y te xii/ phudng de thiim Icham/ di6u Iri benh va tfl van ve sdc Ichoe tinh than 7. Den cac cti s3 CO chuyen mon tchac (nhu bac s7 tfl nhan, benh vien, nha lam lanh, phong tfl vin.. ) detham kham, dieu tri benh va tfl vin ve siic khtie tinh thiin
9 Co gang litm mot s6 viiic gi do di: thay dcii tinh hinh bao lire gia dinh
10. Tfl an Qi de khong cam thSy cuoc s6ng l6i te 11. Lam viec gi do dt; ft phai nghi ve nhflng viec lien quan den bao liic gia dinh (xem tivi, du hch, dgc bao, ngii, den nha ban. .)
12. Co ging lac quan va nhin nhan moi viec lich cflc hdn
ting pho dinh hucing gidi quyet vdn de
vdn de DTB
1,96
l,.'i8 1,82 0,32
0,61
I,.'i7 1,81 1,.51 1,66 1,42
cua ph DI,C
1,09
1,13 0,99 0,77
1,00
1,12 1,04 1,06 1,13 0,61
u nUbibao lUc gia dinh Cac mu'c do (%) Khong
CO
16,2
23,4 10,2 74,1
65,0
22,3 11,7 21,3 22,3
Mot chiu 13,2
22,3 28,9 15,2
12,7
26,4 29,9 25,9 18,8
Khd nhieu 28,4
26,9 29,4 7,1
14,2
23,4 24,4 30,5 30,5
Rdt nhieu 42,1
27,4 31,5 3,6
8.1
27,9 34,0 22,3 28,4
Trong each flng pho dinh hudng giai quyet van d l , phu nfl thudng cd gang tap trung vao cdng viec hoac cham Io gia dinh de quen di nhflng suy nghT lien quan den bao Iflc gia dinh (DTB= 1,96);
not chuyen, chia se vdi ngUdi thiin, ban be ve nhflng cam giiic, suy nghT vii tinh trang cua minh (DTB=1,82), t u a n ui de khong cam Ihiy cugc sdng ldi te (DTB=1.81), hoac cd ging tham gia vao cac hoat dgng x a h d i , cdng ddng de quen dt bao Iflc gia dinh vanoi budn cua ban than (DTB=I,58)- viec tham gia vao cau lac bd phong chdng bao lUc gia dinh cung dUdc coi la mpi trong nhflng boat ddng cgng ddng dd.
Dang chu y la nhflng viec can thiet nhu: "den tram y te xa/ phudng de tham kham/ dieu 161
LeThi Tudng Van
Iri benh va IU van ve sflc khde tinh lhan"; hoac "den ciic cd sd cd chuyen mon khac (nhU bac sT lu nhan, benh vien, nha tam liinh, phdng IU van.. ) de tham kham/ dieu tri benh vii tU van ve sflc khde linh than" thi mflc dd thflc hien thip nhit (DTB lin lUdt la 0,32 vii 0,61). Trad ddi vdi phu nfl bi bao lUc gia dinh cho thay, mgt so chi len iram y le xa/ phudng de kham, dilu iri trong nhflng trUdng hdp bi bao lUc gay thUdng tfch nghiem trgng nhU: bi chong tat tdi mflc bi riich mat, moc mat ra ngoai phai di khiiu; cd nhflng vet rach diii gay chay nhieu mau phai di khau, ran xUdng/ gay XUdng; ngat xiu, . Nhflng phu nfl tu den cac cd sd cd chuyen mon khac (nhfl bac sT tfl nhiin, benh vien, nha tam lanh, phdng lU v a n . , . ) de tham kham/ dieu trj benh va IU vin ve sflc khde tinh than"
la nhflng irUdng hdp bj bao lUc ciia chdng gay IhUdng ti'ch nghiem trgng hdn (nhu bi dii vao bung dudi gay dau bung dUdi, rong kinh nhieu ngay...).
* X^ngphd dinh hudng ne trdnh:
Bdng 3. l^ng pho dinh hudng ne trdnh cua phu nii bi bao li^c gia dinh Cac bieu hien
8. Bo di khoi nha mot Ihiji gian cho khuiiy khoa 15. Khong iam gi, de lau roi mpi vin delflkhoi/tfl mat di
16. Di le chiia nhieu hdn
17. Di xem bdi ve tUdng lai, s6 phan ciia minh tjngphd ne trdnh
DTB
1,17 0,58 0,69 0,37 0,99
DLC
0,86 0,47 0,57 0,34 (1,61
Cac miic do (%) Khdng
cd 26,7 6L8 58,2 69,1
Mdt chut 33,3 24,8 24,2 27,9
Khd nhieu 36,4 7,3 .7,9 0,0
Rdt nhieu 3,6 6,1 9,7 3,0
Cach flng phd pho bien thfl hai cua phu nfl bj bao lUc gia dinh mang tfnh dinh hudng ne tranh, vdi D T B = 0,99. Tuy cd nhieu phu nfl da dUdc tham gia vao cac chUdng trinh hd Ird phdng chdng bao lUc gia dinh, nhung each flng phd djnh hudng lang tranh hay chay trdn vin dUdc lUa chgn kha nhieu, giiip cho nan nhan han che phai tiep xuc, doi dien vdi cac sfl kien bao lUc gia dinh gay cang thing cho hg. Su ne tranh nay cdng la bieu hien ve mat hanh vi cua nhflng khd khan tam If trong dau tranh chong lai bao lUc gia dinh (Ly Thj Minh H i n g , 2013) [2] Hanh vi phd bien nhat trong each flng phd nay l a b d di khdi nha mgt thdi gian cho khuay khda, chiem 73,3% (DTB-1,17), hoac di Ie, di chua cau an nhieu hdn (DTB=0,69). Phu nfl bj bao lUc gia dinh chia se ring, cugc song cua hg nhU dja nguc, cd the mgt mat do hg vfla phai chiu dUng dau kho tfl cac cugc bao lUc tfl ngfldi chdng, mat khac, ho bj hanh ha bdi nhflng bieu hien sang chan tam If. Cho nen, du vao thdi diem bao lUc dang dien ra hay khong dien ra Ihi hg vln cam thay cupc sdng cua ho la toi te.
De chay Iron, lang Iranh cam giac niiy, nhieu chi dii dl le nha thd, di chua nhieu hdn de cau mong, hy vgng sU binh an se den va dau dc dfldc thanh than hdn. Cd chi cho biet, tuin riim nao cung len chua, hoac khi cac cu di Ie d xa, nhU Nghe An, Lao Cai cung cd theo
So phu nfl tim den viec xem bdi ve tfldng lai, sd phan cua minh tuy il nhit (DTB= 0,37), nhung cung chiem gin 1/3 sd ngudi dUdc phdng van (30,9%). Mdt sd phti nfl khac khdng lam gi, de lau cho mgi van de tfl khdi/tu mat di (DTB= 0,58 vdi 38.2% phu nfl cd hiinh vi flng phd nay d cac tan s u i t khac nhau). Trong bdi canh van hda Viet Nam, khong ai dng phd ne tranh bang each sfl dung rUdu hay lam dung cac chit gay nghien khac.
Nhin chung, viec sfl dung each flng phd ne Iranh thudng phan anh nhflng trUdng hdp phu nfl cam thay vUdt qua sflc/vUdi qua kha nang ngudn iflc tam li ma hg ihiy khdng cdn tin tfldng vao each nao khac cd the giup ho vUdt qua tinh trang cang thing, nen nd la yeu to lam cho sang chan tam If CO the tang len.
* Ung phd dinh hudngxuc cdm:
Cach flng phd djnh hudng xuc cam ft cd phu nfl lUa chgn hdn ca, diem trung binh chi la 0,70. ThUc te cho thiy, hanh vi gay bao lUc cua ngUdi chdng rat khd thay doi, lam cho vdng trdn chu ki bao Iflc lap di lap lai nhieu lan vii tbudng theo xu hUdng tang nang hdn Bdi viiy, nhieu phti nfl danh chap nhan bao lUc nhu lii mot dieu khdng may cua so phan va ho phat dung each flng phd nay de mong dUdc giam cang thang, dau budn, va sd hiii, lo ling trong tam thdi. Hanh vi phd bien nhat trong each flng phd nay la: chap nhan mdt ihUc te lii nhflng vu vtec bao lUc dd da xay ra (DTB=1,38); dau hang vi tin la khong the thay ddi dUdc tfnh net cua chdng (DTB=1,2I); va than than trach phan, cho rang sd minh khd ( D T B = I , I 7 ) . Thai dd chip nhan, dau hang hay viec than than trach phan nhu vay khien cho phu nfl lU xoa diu ban than de cam thiy d6 chiu hdn, de chip nhan (linh trang bao lUc) hdn, vi biet rang sd phiin minh la nhU vay, khong co lUa chgn nao khac.
Tuy nhien, nd cung phan anh mot sU cam chju, khien phu nfl phiii kim nen cam xuc nhteu hdn, khdng cd ldi cho sU phat trien cac tneu chflng sang chin Iam If.
Bang 4. Ung phd dinh hudng xiic cdm cua Cac bieu liien
1. Than than trach phan, so minh khd 2 Dau himg vi tin la khdng the thay doi dfldc tfnh anh iy
13 Chip nhSn mdt thflc le la nhflng vu viec bao Iflc dd da xay ra
14. The hien cam giac tieu cflc- cau gat, giiin dii, budn ba, trim tu, lo ling...
18.Nhan/ mong nhan dU(3c sfl an ui, dpng vien va Ihiu hieu tfl mdt sd ngfldi khac
Vng phd dinh hudng xiic cdm
Ngoai ra, nhieu ngfldi nhan hoac mong nh DTB
M 7 1,21 L38 0,47 0,70 0,70 n diioc
phu nu: bi bao lUc gia dinh DLC
0,86 1,02 1,05 0,45 0,68 0,59 SII an
C a c m ^ c d o (%) Khong
cd 26,7 41,8 26,7 74,8 51.3
i, dong Mdt chut 33,3 18,2 25,5 4,9 29,2
vien va Khd nhieu 36,4 17,6 30,9 19,0 16,8
Rdt nhieu 3,6 21,8 17,0 1,2 2,5
Ihau hieu tti mo so ngudi khac (DTB=0.70); hay the hien nhflng ciim giiic tieu cUc cua ho nhU: cau gat. gian dfl, budn ba, tram tU, lo l a n g . . . (DTB=0,47)
Tdm lai, dac diem chung cua each flng phd dinh hudng vao cam xuc la cd the giup phu nfl bj bao luc gia dinh tam ihdi giam nhe sU cang thang, khd chiu, dau budn de thi'ch nghi, nhung nd the hien sU chap nhan, cam chiu cua phu nfl, nen ve litu diu, nd cd the lam lang them cac cam xuc lieu cUc va dSn din cac he qua nhU lo au, tram cam, P T S D - liim cho sang chan tam If cd the ird nen nghiem trgng hdn.
2.2.3. M o i q u a n h e giira each ihig p h d vdi mu'c d o s a n g c h a n t a m li c u a p h u nU bi bao lire gia d m h
* Tudng quan giUa cdc cdch ding pho vdi sang chdn tdm li ciia phu nH bi bao lUc gia dinh
Ket qua phan tfch cho thay, mac du each flng phd dinh hfldng giai quyet van de cd IUdng quan it chat che nhil nhflng la each flng phd duy nhit cd IUdng quan nghjeh vdi sang chin tam If (r = - 0,162* va P<0,05). Dieu nay gdi y rang, neu phu nfl cd each flng phd tfch cflc nham dinh hfldng vao giai quyel van de, nhu: co gang tap trung vao cdng viec hoac cham lo gia dinh de quen I I M njiflng suy nghT lien quan din bao lUc gia dinh; cd gang tham gia vao cac hoat dgng xa hgi, cdng 163
LeThi Tudng van
ddng de quen di bao lUc gia dinh vit ndt budn cua biin than; noi chuyen, chia se vdi ngUdi thtn, ban be vl nhflng cam giac, suy nghT va tinh trang cua minh; den tram y te xa/ phudng hoac cac cd sd cd chuyen mdn khac de tham kham/ dilu tri benh va IU van ve sflc khoe linh thin; cd gang liim mot sd viec gi dd de thay ddi linh hinh; liim viec gi do de ft phai nghT ve nhflng viec lien quan den bao luc gia dinh... thi se giup fch dang ke trong viec lam giam cac trieu chflng sang chan lam li cua ho.
u'ng ph6 djnh
^ hu'dns xuc cam
Hinh 1. TUdng quan giUa ton thudng tdm li vdi cdc cdch ting phd cud phu nU hi bao life gia dinh
NgUdc lai, ciich flng pho djnh hudng xuc cam va ne tranh deu cd lUdng quan thuan vdi sang chin tam If, lin Ifldt r = 0,293** vit r = 0,206** (P<0,01), trong dd, flng phd xuc cam cd tUdng quan chat che nhat. Nhu vay, nlu phu nfl chi tim each giam cang thang, dau budn, lo lang trong tam thdi (nhU: than than trach phan ve sd minh khd; dau hang vi tin la khdng the thay ddi dUdc tinh hinh va tfnh net chdng; chap nhan mpt thUc le lii nhflng vu viec bao Iflc dd da xay ra; the hien cam giiic tieu cUc. cau git, gian dfl, buon ba, tram tU, lo ling; nhan/mong nhan dUdc sU an ui. dong vien va thau hieu tfl mgt sd ngUdi khiic) hoac cd gang lang tranh. chay trdn khdi ihUc tai dang gay khd chiu cho hp (chang han, bd di khdl nha mdt thdi gian cho khuay khda, khong Iam gi, de lau rdi mgi van de tu khdi/lfl mat di; di 16 chua nhieu hdn; di xem bdi ve IUdng lat, s6 phan cua minh) thi ve lau dai, phu nfl dl bi phat trien cac trieu chflng sang chin tam If nhieu hdn.
* Su thay ddi miic dp sang chdn tdm li cua phu nu bi bao life gia dinh theo miic do cdc cdch vCngphd khdc nhau
De hieu rd hdn moi quan he niiy, chiing tdi phan tfch sfl thay ddi diem trung binh sang chan lam If cua phu nfl bi bao lUc gia dinh theo mflc do cac each flng pho khac nhau. Ket qua cho thay, mdi tUdng quan thuan ndi tren the hien d chd: nhdm phu nfl cd each flng phd dinh hudng xiic cam vil ne tranh d mflc cang cao thi diem trung binh sang chan lam li cua hg cimg lang nghiem trgng hdn. Trong dd, nhom phu nfl co each flng phd dinh hUdng xuc cam d mflc cao cd diem trung binh sang chin tam If d mflc cao nhil (1,14 diem, so vdi diem trungbinh chung la 0,89 diem).
Bdng 5. MiCc do sang chdn tdm li cua phu nil bi hao liic gia dinh theo cdc mdc do cdch Ung phd khdc nhau (ddn vi tinh: diem trung binh ctia sang chan ldm li)
Cach i^iig phoUng pho dmh hfldng xiic ciini Ung pho dinh hfldng giai quyel vin de Ung phd dinh hfldng ne tranh Diem trung hinh sang chdn Idm li
IMiJc thap 0,75 1,05 0,61 0,S9
Mu'c trung hinh 0,88 0,86 0,9 PLC
Mu'c cao 1.14 0,62 1,09 0,71
NgUdc lai, vdi mdi tUdng quan nghjeh, nhdm phu nfl cd each flng phd dinh hUdng giai quyet vin de cang d mflc cao thi diem sang chin tam If ciing giam thap hdn (lan lUdt la D T B ^ 1,05; 0,86 va 0,62 vdi cac nhom flng phd dinh hUdng giai quyet van de d mflc thap. trung binh va cao).
3. Ket luan
Rd rang, cac each flng phd khac nhau deu cd mdi quan he nhit djnh vdi mflc do sang chin tam If cua phu nfl bi bao lUc gia dinh. Cu the, flng phd dinh hudng xuc cam va dinh hudng ne iranh cd mdi tUdng quan nghjeh vdi sang chin tam If, nghia la flng pho iheo 2 each nay cang nhieu thi cang lao dieu kien cho cac cam xuc tieu cue (nhu. lo ling, sd hai, giiin dfl, dau budn bdi bao lUc gia dinh) ddn nen vii phat trien thanh cac trieu chflng sang chan lam If cang nhieu hdn Trdng khi dd, nlu flng pho dinh hfldng giai quyll vin d l thi cd the giup phu nfl bi bao lUc gia dinh giam dang ke cac trieu chflng sang chan tam If nay. Dieu nay cho thay, cong tac can thiep, hd trd cin khuyin khi'ch, tao dieu kien cho phu nfl bj bao lUc gia dinh sdm vUdl qua cdn dau ve the xac va tinh than, d e e d ging thuc hien nhflng boat dong tfch cUc nhU: tham_giabinh ihudng vao cac boat dong hang ngay va boat dong cgng ddng - xa hgi, tang cUdng chia se cam giac, suy nghT, linh trang cua ban than; quan tam kham chfla benh, cham sdc sflc khde... giup liy lai cam giac can bang, vui ve trong cudc sdng, lam ban che sU phat trien cac trieu chflng sang chin lam If nhU tram cam, lo au, PTSD.
T A I L I E U T H A M K H A O
[I] Le Van Hao. 2014. Ung phfl vfli thien lai cua ngiffli ddn viing biSi Bac Trung bfl (nhin lif gdc do Tdm li hgc). Bao cao tdng kit de lai nghien cflu khoa hgc c i p Bo
[2] Ly Thi Mmh Hang, 2013. Khd khan ve hdnh vi eua phu nit bi bao htc trong ddu tranh chong bgo Itfc gia dinh Tap chi Tam li hgc (11), Ir 90-99.
[3] Phan Thj Mai HUdng (chu bien), 2007, Cdch img phfl cita tre vi thdnh men vfli hodn cdnh khfl khdn. Nxb Khoa hgc Xa hgi. Ha Noi
[4] Dfldng Thj Kim Oanh, 2013 Cdch iing phd vfli khfl khdn tdm li trong hgc tdp vd cugc sdng cua .sinh vien Tritifng Dgi hgc Sit phgm Ki thudt thdnh pho Hd Chi Minh. Tap chf Tam li hoc (11), tr. 34-42.
[5] Le Thi Tudng Van, 2016 "Tdc ddng cua gta dinh vd cdng ddng-xd hdi dot vdi ton thitdng tdm li cua phu nft hi hao htc gia dinh". Tap chf Tam If hgc Xa hgi, sd Ihang 7, tr. 3-11 [6] Tong cue thong ke Viet Nam. 2010. Chiu nhm Id chil day. Nghien cflu quoc gia ve bao lUc gia
dinh vdi phu nfl d Viet Nam.
[7] Dutton, M. A. 2009. Pathways linking intimate partner violence and posttraumatic disorder, Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, Special Issue. Violence and Women's Mental Health. The Pain Unequalled: A Two-Part Special Issue, Vol 10, No, 3, Jul 2009, pp, 211-224,
[8] Jaelline Jaffe, Jeanne Segal, and Lisa Flores Dumke, 2005. Emotional and Psychological Trauma Causes, Syinptains, Effects. and Treatment.
htlp://www helpguide.org/mental/emoiional_psychological_lrauma.hm
[9] I,awrence Robinson, Melinda Smith, and Jeanne Segal. Last updated: October 2014, Emoticmal and P.sychologieal Trauma Symptoms. Treatment, and Recovery htlp7/www.helpguide.org/arlicles/ptsd-trauma/emotional-and-psychological-traumahtm [10] Matthevi' J. Friedman, 2013. PTSD History and Overview. National Center for PTSD, US I ^ http://www.ptsd va.gov/professional/PTSD-overview/ptsd-overview asp
• j ] Weathers, F.W., Litz. B T., Keane, T.M., Palmieri, P.A , Marx, B P , & Schnurr, R P , 2013.
' ^The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) National Center for PTSD
165
LeThi Tudng Van
ABSTRACTCoping strategies and Relationship between coping strategies with psychological trauma symptoms of women experienced domestic violence