KHOA HOC C d N G N G H |
MGHIEIM CLrU PHUOIVG P H A P DAIXIH GIA C H A T LUOIVG MOI TRUCriMG MUOC DUA TReiM LY THUY^T LOGIC '"lUQ": TRUQIMG HQP A P DIJIVG TROIXIG GIAIVI SAT
IVldl TRLTOIMG CUA DOAIVH IVGHl£P
Ch^DinhLJ' T6MTAT
Bai nay trinh bay m6 hinh danh giA ch.1t luong nmn- ihco phuong ph^p dua \T(-n ly thuy^t "mo". Dua u-^n du b?u phin tich ch^t !u<;nig nuoc, da sir dMn^ 9 y^u In, pH, TSS, DO, dr> dye, NO^-N, NO^-N. NH,-H, COD, tong Coliform va cac bSc dinh gia dua van hurmg d ^ ciia Quy^t dmh 879/QD-TCMT cua Tong cyc Moi ti-mVng. Ti^n trinh danh gia theo ly thuy^t "mo" bao gAm nflin buoc: (1) Tlin'I l^p ma Iran V (y^u \6, mau giiiiii sat). (2) lira ch^n h^ ihong phSn bftc chat iurmg bang ma tr^n U; (3) chpn phuong phipva tinh t o ^ trpng s6 cho cic y^u 16 tham gia dinh gii; (4) tinh ma tr^n m^ R cho cic mSu giim sat va (5) tinh vecto gii tri ham thanh vi^n d^ k^t l u ^ v^ bSc ch.1it lugng cua cic dja di^m tham gia dinh gii. Bing cich sfi h6a vi$c p h ^ b^c 6 nhicm theo ngon ngu ty nhi^n (nghidm trpng, n$ng, trung binh, nh?, chua 6 nhi^m), xac dinh ham thanh vidn theo nguydn ly xic su.'il, sau khi giai "nur" m6 hinh cho ph^p k^t lu$n dinh gia theo ng6n ngii binh thuong giiip cho can bp thanh tra moi truong dinh gia dupe chit lu<,nig nuoc thai ciia cic doanh nghiep de c6 quy^t djnh quan ly chinh xic, c6 can cu khoa hpc c6 th^ khic phyc phutmg phap dinh gia theo mpt chi tidu cu thd nhu each lam th6ng dyng hi^n nay.
Tir kh6a: Chat lugng nuoc, danh gia chit lupng nuoc, danh gia toan di^n theo ly diuydt md, giam sat moi truong doanh nghiep. moi trudng nude.
I BAT VAN DE
MOI truong nuoc co vai tro thi^t yeu dot ven doi sdng cac do thi vi no cung cap cho cac nha may cap nuoc, bao dam moi truong cho nuoi trong thuy san tren cac song rach. Tuy nhiSn, mot so nganh cong nghiep phat smh ra chat thai gay 6 nhi^m nguon nuoc trong qua trinh san xuat nhir det nhupm, giay, XI ma, che bi^n thtjy san Vi vay, cw quan quan ly qui dinh trong qua trinh van hanh, cac ca sa san xuat phai thuc hien giam sat moi truong dinh ky a noi nguon thai va noi nhan thai.
Tuy nhien vide danh gia chat luong nuoc qua cac bao cao giam sat trong gan 20 nam nay a nuoc ta van con rat don gian. Cac k^t qua phan tich mau nuoc a cac nha may duoc do g i ^ sat dinh ky, gom cac chi thi pH, BODS, TSS, DO, NO3 -N... dupe dua ldn do thi cot rifeng le cho timg chat 6 nhi§m, tren do th), ke duong bieu thi gia trj quy chudn va nhan xet la chat 6 nhidm nay vupt, chat kia chua vupt quy chuan!!!.
Cach danh gia nhu vay lam cho c a quan quan ly khong nhan thuc duoc tinh hinh chat lupng nuoc da xa thai, vi can bp quan ly khong biet ket luan nhu th^
nao? Chat luong nuoc thupc hang nao? 6 nhidm
nang hay nh?... tir do cd bidn phap khuydn cao h bat bupc xir ly.
'Vi^n Moi truong Tai nguyen - DHQG-HCM
D&nh giA ch^t lupng nu6c hi^n t^i (Ngudn: Tning tAm Quan trie MT Binh Duong 2011)
Tuy I9C hgu nhung hi^n nay hau het cac bao cao gidm sat ciia cac don vj tu v ^ , nghien cihi, giang day., phdn Ion d^u su dung cich danh gia nay.
D^ khac phyc ciic hgn ch^ do cAch danh gia don gian noi trdn, ngay 01 thing 7 nSm 2011 Bo Tai nguydn Moi truong Vi^t Nam ban hanh Quyet d ^ so 879/QD-TCMT CTruong, 2011), ban hanh s6 tay huong dan ky thuat tinh toan chi so chat lupng nu6c.
Huong dan qui djnh tinh toan WQI cac thong so BODs, COD, N-NH^ P-PO, . TSS. dp due, tdng Coliform theo cong thiic (1). Kem theo bang c^
44
NONG NGHIf P VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G T H 6 N - K t 2 - THANG 12/2012KHOA HQC C 6 N 0 NOHt
djnh cac gia tri qi c i a timg th6ng sd. Gia tri WQI ddi vM thdng sd DO (WQI„o) dupe tinh theo cdng thilc 2; gii tri WQI ciia thdng sd pH qui dinh ridng. Cudi ciing chi sd chat luong nxiac tdng hop dupe tinh theo cdng thiic (Tdng cue Moi tnrdng, 2011):
)I =
WQLi100
•5 a = l ^ 6 = 1>ong do:
WQI,: Gia tri WQI da tinh todn doi voi 05 thOng so:
DO, BOD5, COD, N-NH4. P-PO4
-WQlb! Gia tn WQI da tinh toan doi vdi 02 thong so: TSS, do due.
- WQl^: Gia tri WQI da tinh t o ^ doi v6i thdng so tong Coliform.
-WQIpH: Gia tri WQI da tinh todn ddi voi thdng sd pH.
Nhu vay chi sd WQI theo hudng dan cua Bp Tai nguyen va Mdi trudng c6 ti^n bd han each danh gia don chat la cd tinh den cac thdng sd thanh phan ciia chat luong nude nhung van cd hai han che co ban:
(1) Vide gan trong sd O ciing » cho cac thong sd thanh phan chua co can cii ve mat toan hpc, chua phii hpp vdi thuc td vi lay trpng sd eiia WQIpH bang 1 la khdng hpp ly.
(2) Khdng hpp ly va khdng chac chan khi ket lu|n bac chat lupng vi chi diing mdt chi sd dinh lupng don gian lam diem phan chia.
Vi du, trong Quyet dinh 879/QD -TCMT, ngay I 01 thang 7 nam 2011, sau khi tinh toan chi sd chat ' lupng nude WQI, WQI = 25, ket luan la nude khdng
! d nhidm. Khi WQI la 26, thi ket luan mau da cam (d nhidm nhe) can cac bien phap xu ly trong tuong lai.
Tren thirc t^ thi WQI = 25 va WQI =26 thi khdng khac nhau may v^ chat lupng.
Vl vay, can thi^t cd mdt phuong phap danh gia , hpp ly hon de ket luan dung vd chat lirpng nude hon phuong phap dimg chi sd WQI. Phuong ph^p dd la
" phuong phap danh gia toan di^n dua trdn toan hpe ly
•thuyetmd.
Neu sii dting phuong phjq) toan hpe "mdr", cd t h i , giai quyet dupe van de khdng hpp ly trong x i p hang ] chat lupng nuoc ndi tren. Ddi vdi mot melu co COD la i 9.8 mg/L va mau co COD l i 10,2 mg/L dupe x i p vao
miic eh^t lupng I hay II tiiy vao xdc suat ma miu
nude dupe d ^ h gii x^p vio mire nao li nhilu hon khi xem x4t ddng thdi nhiiu ydu td. Vi viy ip dung phuong phip dinh gii toin didn dua trdn toin hpe md (FCE) d l dinh gii chfit lirpng nude hpp ly hon su dung phuong phip chi sd ch^t lupng nude.
I . NGUYEN VJiT UEU VA PHUDMG PHAP
1. Tdm xii nguydn ly v i phuong phip dinh gii chf(t lupng nirdc theo ly thuylt md
Logic md ra ddi nam 1965, do TS. Lotfi A Zadeh, giio su nginh khoa hpe miy tinh d DH California d Berkley-Hoa Ky (Panehal, 2011). V^ co ban, logic md Ii logic da gii tri, cho ph^p xic dinh cic gii tri hvng gian giua cic gii til tivySn thdng cd tinh rach roi ddt khoit nhir dung/sai, cd/khong, cao thap, chat lupng tdt/xdii...
Logic Boolean Logic "md"
Hinh 1. So sinh hai loai logic "thyc" vi md"
Nguon: (Nguyin Viet Hung, 2011)
Logic "fuzzy" duoc xay dung dua trdn quy tic ngdn ngir do ngudi sir dung cung c^p. Cac quy tic ngdn ngir nay cdn gpi l i biin ngdn ngir, cd cac gia tri dinh tinh, vi du nhu [d nhidm nghiem trpng, d nhidm ning, d nhidm trung binh, d nhidm nhe va chua d nhidm] hay [loai 1, loai 2, loai 3, loai 4],
Cic h0 thdng fuzzy bidn doi cic biin ngdn ngii nay thinh cic gii tri toin hpc tuong duong vi cie ket qui sau ciing dupe didn dat trd lai theo cac cich thuong diing khi ket luan li chat lupng nude thudc loai nio hay thudc bac nio.
Cd thi ndi, logic "md^ l i mot "sidu tip hpp" ciia logic truyen thdng, dupe md rdng ra d l tuong thich vdi khii nidm sif th$t tungphdn, nghia la gii tri thuc nim giiia " diing hoin toan" va "sai hoin toin".
Logic "md" cung cap cho chiing ta cich don giin d l di din k i t luin, cd t h i dua trdn cac thdng tin md, mo ho, thieu chinh xac, nhi^u hay bj mat dau vao.
Logic md khdng phii li logic khdng id ring, ma l i logic dupe dimg d l md ta su md nhat Logic "md^
:N6NG NGHIDP VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G THON - KY 2 - THANG 12/2012
KHOA HPC C 6 N O N O H I
l i ly thuylt ciia cic tip md, cic tip hpp xic djnh hi|n tupng md.
Logic "md" khic vdi logic "Boolean" von sii dung sir phin bi|t dirt khoit. Nd ydu cdu chiing ta rach rdi giiia cie thinh vidn thupc vl mdt Idp hoie khdng thupc mdt Idp. Nhilu trudng hpp khdng thi phii hpp vdi thirc t l vi tu duy thdng thirdng.
Vi du, ta cd thi ndi, mot ngudi li cao vi chilu cao ciia anh ta li 181 cm. Niu ta vd mdt dudng 180 cm, ta cd thi thiy ring ngirdi khic, cd ehilu cao 179 li thap. Nhung anh ta ed diuc su li ngudi th^p hay h\
xep li thip do ta w5 dudng phin chia nhin t^o?.
Tuong tu nhu viy ddi vdi phin bic chiit lupng nude theo chi sd chit lupng nude WQI.
Cd thi ndi logic "md" li mpt t§p hpp cic nguydn tic toin hpe dl diln dat tn thiie dua trdn cic miic dd thudc ve thinh vidn vi dua trdn cic phdp tinh vl tip hpp.
Khiiniem vS tip h()p md (Fuzzy set):
Mdt tap hpp md li tip cho phep cie thinh vidn ciia nd cd cac bic khic nhau cua dp thupc thinh vidn (him thudc = him thinh vidn membership hmction) trong khoang [0,1].
Logic "md" van hinh nhu the nio?
Trong logic "md", khdng gidng vdi logic thdng thuong (dung/sai), sir diing (that) ciia bat ky phit bilu nio dupe xem xet theo muc dp (Vi du, lanh nhu Bang 1. Cic chi tidu phin tich trung
thi nio, d nhilm nhu t h i nio?). Mrt: d0 mi pMt bidu md li dung sir th$t dupe bidu th/ bing m^tgH tii giCta 0 vi 1. Logic "md" cdn t h i hi^n cic miic do cd Uil khi thdm vio diing hay sai.
Ly thuylt ti.p md d i dupe i p dung trong dinh gii chit lupTig mdi trudng nude tir nhiing nim gdn diy tgi Trung Qudc (Yu & Qiang, 2011); (Nianpeug Wang, 2009); Oingguo Qu, Yuhuan Cui, Aimin Yang, Dianxuan Gong, & Feng, 2009); d Iran (Semiromi, 2011)....
Dinh gii theo ly thuylt tip md cd uu diim la phii hpp vi'n ban chit phin logi chit lupng nude w dvra trdn dinh gii nhilu ylu td, dua trdn xic xuat thudc vl bic nao trong thang phin bic d nhilm Ion nhit d l quylt djnh. Nd khic phuc vi|c phSn bac ciing nhic dua trdn chi sd WQI.
2. D(i li^u su dyng diing minh hpa trong d ^ gii giim sit mdi trudng doanh nghi|p
Dir li|u sir dung trong dinh gii la dii li|u kit qua phin tich nude khi giim sit MT nude ciia doanh nghilp. Cie chi tidu phin tich cho mpt miu do giim sit thdng thudng bao gdm: Nhidt dp , pH, TSS, DO, dp due, NOrN, NO3-N. NHj-H. SS, BOD, Colifom Bang 1 dudi day trinh biy tdm tit gii tri eua 3 mk nude trong mpt dpi giim sit tai mdt doanh nghiep tai Binh Duong.
binh cic ylu td hda ly ciia 3 miu nude thii M^u
1 2 3
pH 6,8 7,6 7,2
DO (mg/1)
5.7 6,6 3,3
Do due NTU
41 19 33
NO^N (mg/1) 0,007 0,006 0,010
NO,- N(mg/1)
0,1 0,2 0,3
NHj- H(mg/1)
0,59 0,10 0,29
SS (mg/1)
18 11 15
COD (mg/1)
10 12 5
Coliform MPN/lOOml
5 9 200 Nguon dir heu: do Trung tim Quan trie Mdi trudng Binh Duong cung cap trong dpt giim sat mot doaiA nghiep nim 2011 Da lieu co tinh mmh hpa.
• . K E T QUA VA THAO LUAN
Tic gia da ip dung phuong phap dinh gii theo ly thuylt md trong vi|c danh gia ket qui quan trie mdi trudng nude tai tai Binh Duong. Tir nghidn cmi dd, mong mudn d l nghi ip diing phuong phip mdi trong dinh gii chat lupng mdi tnrdng nude cho doanh nghidp vi diy l i nhu eiu giim sit thirdng xuydn ddi vdi cie doanh nghidp ed nude thai.
1. Xic djnh tip hpp cic ylu td tham gia dinh gii (gpi li ma trin U)
Trong nghidn eiiu niy, chin ylu td tham gia chit lupng nude sau diy dupe chpn dua vao md hinh dinh gii: pH, TSS, DO, dp due, NOa-N, NO3-N, NH3-H, vi tdng Coliform. Ly do lua chpn cic ylu td nay vi cic
ylu td niy thudng cd trong cic mau giim sat moi trudng (Trudng hpp it ylu td hon thi sd ylu td giam di nhung k i t qua van tinh toin dinh gii dupe).
Tip hpp cic ylu td dinh gii U cd the vilt nhir sau:
Umn - (pH, TSS, DO, dp due, NOj-N, NO3-N, NH3-H, COD, Co/Lfo/m};m-sdmiu; nsdthdngso.
2. Xiy dipig h^ thdng phin bic cho cic ylu t6 dinh gii
Hd thdng phan b i c dinh g i i chat lupng nuoc trong nghidn ciiu niy dupe chia lam 5 hie dua tren cic hudng din cua Quylt dinh 879/QD-TCMT (Tdng cue Moi trudng, 2011).
46 NONG NGHIf P VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 12/2012
KHOA HpC C O N G NCHt
Do vSy, t$p hop thS hien hi th6ng phSn bJc cho
cac y& to tham gia mo hinh danh gid la: V|„-(I, II, III, rv, VI; k - 5 bac va n - 9 yeu to. Nam bSc chdt luong nu6c (hay 6 nhiJm) theo ng6n ngQ tu nhiSn 14:
(I) chua 6 nhiSm; (II) 6 nhiSm nhe; (IID 6 nhiSm
trang binh; (IV) a nhiSm njng; (V) nhiJm nghiem trpng.
Cdc gici trj phan chia 5 b|ic 6 nhilm cho c4c y^u td tham gia ddnh gid duoc trinh bdy 6 bang 2.
BAng 2. Ma trjln phan bjic dinh gid dua Irtn Quy^t dinh 879/QB-TCMT
FactorDo chua (pH) Do din dien DO Do due Nitrat (N03-N) Nitrit (N02-N) AmoniaNH3-N Ch& ran lo limg (SS) Nhu cau 0 xy hoa hoc (COD) Coliform
Don VI
% bio h6a NTU mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 MPN/lOOml
BJc 6 nhiSm I
6,5-7,5 88-112
<.5
<.l
<-0,01 0,1
<.20
<.10
<-2500 II 6-6,5 7,5-8 75-88 112-125
20 3 0,06
0,2 30 15 5000
III 5-6 8 - 9 50-75 125-150
30 5,6 0,12 0,5 50 30 7500
IV 4,5-5 9-9,5 20- 50 150-200 70 11,3 0,3
1 100
50 10000
V
<4,5
>9,5 1120 LI 200
>100
>11,3
>0,3 5
>100
>80
>10000
Trung binh Si 7 102,5
45 6,44 0,158
1,36 60 37 7000
Ghi chu: Phan bic cho cacyiu td'khdng cd trong Quyit dinh S79/QD-TCl[fr dupe tham khio tir til lieu nude ngoai (China Environmental Protection Agency, 2002).
3. Tinh toin v4 thiA Up ma trjn "my cho timg mclu giim sit
D^ CO th^ CO ket luan toan didn dua trdn da y^u to, can thidt lap die bidu thuc cho ham thanh vidn cho mdi ydu td tham gia danh gia tuong ung vdi cac Ham thanh vien ddi voi bac I (Chua d nhidm):
1 c, <. J„
V4 ham thanh vi6n ddi vdi b$c V (6 nhidm nghidm trpng) li:
bic khic nhau. Cic bidu thuc nay li xic suat hay mice dd thanh vidn ma mdt ddi tupng danh gia thudc vd bac Vj trong tap hpp bac dinh gii V ddi voi yeu td u, trong t?p hop cac yeu td U. Cic ham thanh vidn cd 3 nhdm:
Him thinh vidn ddi vdi bac II - IV c,
'•(1-0 <<:,^',c. ^ 1.0-1) w ' . ^ ' f
C,>S„
Him thinh vidn cho cic bic d nhidm
Trong dd: pijii miic dd thinh vitSn ciia yiu tS dinh gii thudc vi bic I. U, II, TV, V vi gia thiit ring him thinh viin li him tuyin tinh. Ci: Nong do ciia yeu ti danh gii i trong nim quan trie. Si: Nong do diu chuin quy dinh ciia yiu 0 dinh gii tuong ling vdi he thong phin b$c dinh gii trong bang 2 (dua tren cic hudng dan cua Quyit dinh 879/QD-TCMrvi tham khio ma rdng). 1 -n: li cac bic dinh gii (I, II, III, IV, V).
N 6 N G NGHIfP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG T H 6 N - KY 2 - THANG 12/2012 47
KHOA HOC CdNO NOHt
Bing 3. Vi du minh hpa v6 ma trin "md^ tinh cho
?H DO Dp due NO3-N NO,-N NHj-N 3S COD Coliform
nau quan tra :96
|0,0 mg/1 NTU
•ng/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 kvlPN/lOOml
0,0 0,0 1,0 1,0 0,0 1,0 1.0 1.0
I n i r 1,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0
n2U 0,0 0,86 0,73 0,0 0,0 0,82 0,0 0,0 0,0 1 0,0 0,14 0,28 0,0 0,0 0,18
0,0 0,0 0.0
0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0.0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0.0
Qiang, 2011), diing ty sd ciia c i c phuong sai (L Ma, 2010). Trong nghidn cuu niy, sir dung phuong phip trpng sd linh ho?t, thay ddi theo muc dd vupt quy chuSn cua ydu td dinh gii. Uu didm cua phuong phip niy 14 ydu td nio vupt quy chuin nhidu hon thi chi phdi ddn chit lupng nude nhidu hon. Cdng thiic tinh toin nhu sau:
4o - i v
Trong trudng hop cua DO. ndu ndng dd thuc t^
cing ldn cing lot thi cdng thiic tinh trong sd nhu sau:
Trong cdng thiic:
Ci— Ndng dd do duoc cua y^u td i.
s 1 — Trung binh chung cua ciia cic tri quy
A io —Trpng sd cua y^u td i.
Sij: Trj quy chuan quy dinh eua y^u td thu i doi Ngudn dixli$u: Ma tiin Rb'nh toin tir miu sdi d
bing 1; sd Uiu do Trung tim Quan trie Mdi trudng Binh Duang cung dp nim 2011 ti-ong d4 in nghidn cuu chi thi mdi trudng nuoc do tic gii chii tri.
Tu m yeu td dinh gii cho mdt mau quan trie v i , he thdng k bic chit lupng (Bing 1) cd th^ tinh toin ^^'^"^ ^ ^ ^^^ ^°
vi lap thinh ma trin md R (R la m * k) cho timg mau quan trie can danh gia. Vdi 3 miu giim sit tai doanh nghiep ndi tren cho ra 3 ma trin md, trong dd cic
phan tii ma tran th^ hidn xic suit thudc v^ cic b i c vdi bac thii j
khic nhau cua timg y^u td. Bang 3 la mdt vi du minh „ : Sd bic cQa quy chuan chat lupng nuoc.
hoa v^ ma tran md, lay tir mau giam s i t lan 1 tai dja
diem giim sat ^^^ ^'^ ^ ' ^'^"S ^ "^^^ *^^"^ ^^^ ^ ^° "
4. Xic dinh trpng sd cha c i c y^u trf tham gia ^^cta trpng sd cho timg y^u td v i tip hpp cic vecta a^nh gii trpng sd t^o ra tip hpp cic gii tri trong sd cua to4n Cd nhieu cich d^ xic dinh gii tq trpng sd cho bp mau quan trie trong nim B, B=|bi,b2.. \\. Ma cie yeu td: Tinh trpng sd tir entrdpi cua diJ lidu (L. 1. trin trong sd cho 3 mau quan trie minh hpa ndu trt^n Peiyue, 2010), diing hd sd bidn thidn CV%, (Yu & dupe trinh biy d bang 4.
Bing 4. Vi du minh hpa v^ trpng sd cho cic miu giim s i t mdi trudng nude t ^ doanh n g h i ^ d i d^ng tbut nghidm
Ydutd pH DO Do due NO3-N NOyN
Mau QT1 0.26 0.14 0,28 0,00 0,01
M i u Q T 2 0,40 0,20 0,16 0,01 0,01
M a u Q T 3 0,37 0,10 0,27 0,02 0,02
Ydutd NHj-N SS COD Coliform
Miu QT 1 0,13 0,09 0,08 0,00
M a u Q T 2 0,03 0,07 0,12 0,00
MauQTS 0,08 0,09 0,05 0,01
Nguon da Mu: Kit qua tinh trgng so tinh toin tir 3 miu quan trie duoc trinh biy a bang 1 (Si Ufa * Trung tam Quan trie Mdi tnrdng Binh Duong cung dp).
48 NONG NGHllP VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G THON - KY 2 - THANG 12/2012
KHOA Hpc CdNGNGHl
5. Tinh toin vecta h i m thinh vidn v i giii "md"
d€ k^t luin chit lupng nude
Nhan ma tran md R cua mdt di^m quan trie vdi vecta trong sd B se ehP ra vecta h i m thinh vidn.
Dua vao vecta niy, bac d nhidm nio cd ed gii trj ldn
nhit, bic dd sd phan inh chat lupng nude cho di^m quan trie can dinh gii.
Dudi diy trinh bay mmh hpa vi du v4 vide tinh toin vecta him thanh vidn vi giai md d^ kdt luin vd bic d nhiem (Vi du cung liy tir dinh gii miu giam sit sd 1 d bang 1).
BoR= (0.26, 0,14. 0,28, 0, 0,1. 0,13, 0,09, 0,08,0) o 0,0 0,0 0,0 1.0 1,0 0,0 1,0 1.0 1.0
1.0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0
0,0 0,86 0,73 0,0 0,0 0,82 0,0 0,0 0,0
0,0 0,14 0,28 0.0 0,0 0,18 0,0 0,0 0,0
0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0
= (0,19, 0,26, 0,43, 0,12, 0) => Him thudc cd tn tdi da thuoc ve bic 3, "d nhiem trung binh".
Theo cac budc da trinh biy, ket qua danh gii chat lupng nude 3 mau nude minh hpa duoc tdng hpp
• trong bang 5.
Bang 5. K^t qui dinh gii chit lupng mrdc tai 3 miu quan sit tai doanh nghidp diing thu nghidm
Nam
2001 Miu giam sit
1 3
Miu giim sat
2 1
Mau giam sat
3 1
Trung binh
1,55 Ket qua tir 3 miu giim sat minh hpa chung td chat lupng nude tai doanh nghidp thay ddi dang k^
vi on dinh. Bic d nhidm trung binh l i 1,55, nghia li d nhidm miic d nhidm nhe.
De ki^m chiing k^t qua dinh gii, tic gia da tinh WQI dieo phirong phip hudng dan trong Quyet dinh 879/QDTCMT va cho kdt q u i tuong tu.
nr.KETuiMi
Sir dimg phuong phip dinh gii don yeu td trong danh gia giim sit chit ludng nude hidn nay khdng th^ phan anh chinh xac chat lugng nude vi chi cho ra
thdng tin tung ydu td vi khdng the ket luan chung ve muc do 6 nhidm.
Cich tiep can bing chi sd chat luong nude the hidn tdt han trong viec dinh luong chat luong nhung nd cd the cho ra cic ket luan khong phii hpp vi khdng hop ly trdn so vdi thuc te do dua trdn phan chia bac cimg nhic. De khie phuc cac han chd cua phuong phip chi sd chat lupng nude, cd the ip dung phuong phap danh gii toan didn dua trdn ly thuyet
"md".
Ap dung ly thuyet tip md vide ket luan hpp ly hon phuong phap diing chi sd chat lugng nude b cac diem sau diy: (1) khong ket luin "oan" cho doanh nghiep khi chi sd chat lupng nude nim d viing ranh gidi phin chia bic d nhidm; (2) sit dung trpng sd linh boat hpp ly, ed ca sd thuc tidn hon diing trpng sd Cling trong cdng thiic cua hudng din trong Quyet dinh 879/QD-TCMT.
Han che ciJa phuong phap niy l i thuit toin phiic tap, cd thd khd hidu ddi vdi sd ddng cin bd quan ly mdi trudng. Bi i p dung v i khic phuc, tic gia da thiet kdt vi lap trinh trong phan m^m EXCEL cd the
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON • KY 2 - THANG 12/2012 49
KHOA HOC C d N G N G H l
ket xuat tu dpng bac d nhidm khi nhip sd li^u phin tich mau nude.
Dd dua phuong phip nay vio tliirc tidn cin thuc hidn cac budc: (1) Lap hpi ddng khoa hpc dinh g i i cdng trinh nghidn eiiu cua tic gia; (2) (1;KI tu xiy dung phan mdm de tinh toin tu ddng; (3) ban hinh vin ban hudng dan va tip huan phd bidn rgng rii cho cic Sd'lYu nguydn Mdi trudng.
Ap dung phumig phip ly thuydt tiii md trong giam sat chat lir(,mg nu(')e thai cac doanh nghidp '^d the thuc hidn theo tidn ti'inh dinh g i i nam budc: (1) Thidt lip ma trin V (ydu td, dja didm); (2) lira chpn he thdng phin bic chat lupng bing ma trin U; (3) chon phuong phip vi tinh toan trpng sd cho eic ydu td tham gia danh gia; (4) tinh ma trin ma R cho c i c dia diem vi (5) tinh vecta gii trj h i m thinh vidn dd ket luin vd bac chat lupng cCia cie dia didm tham gia dinh gia.
TAJ UEU THAM KHAO
1. C h i n a E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n A g e n c y (2002). Surface W a t e r Quality S t a n d a r d (GB 3838- 2002). F r o m h t l p : / / w w w . 5 8 0 m s n . c Q m / e / i n d e x . a 5 p . 2. J i n g g u o Q u , Y u h u a n C u i , A i m m Y a n g , D i a n x u a n G o n g , & F e n g , L. (2009). C o m p u t e r simulation of fuzzy c o m p r e h e n s i v e evaluation a n d i t s application in w a t e r quality evaluation F r o m h t t p ; / / x p l Q r e b c p a z , i e e e . o r g / s t a m p / s t a m p , j s p ? l p = < & a mumbej:=5412921.
3. L M a , Y. L , X. P . Z h o u (2010). F u z z y c o m p r e h e n s i v e evaluation m e t h o d of F statistics w e i g h t i n g in identifying m i n e w a t e r i n r u s h s o u r c e . international Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology. Vol. 2. No. 7, 2010, pp. 123-128.
Retrieved from h t t p : / / i i e s t - n g . c o m / v n l 2 n n 7 / y p s t - ng-vol2-no7-ppl23-128.pdf
4. LI P e i y u e , W . J . , Q I A N H u i (2010).
G r o u n d w a t e r quality a s s e s s m e n t b a s e d o n entropy w e i g h t e d o s c u l a t i n g v a l u e m e t h o d . Retrieved from h t t p : / / w w w . i p u b l i ! s h i n g , c o , i n / j c s v o l l n Q l 2 Q 1 0 / E U E S 2018.pdf.
5. N g u y e n Vidt H i m g (2011). Logic Mdvalfng
D u n g . R e t r i e v e d from h l l p : / / u s c r s 4 , n o f c e h o b l . c o m / c n l t 2 0 7 / d a t a / l o g i c m o ,
ppt.
6. N i a n p e n g W a n g , L. L.. Yanjun Pang (2009), I m p r o v e m e n t of F u z z y C o m p r e h e n s i v e Evaluation M o d e l for W a t e r Q u a l i t y Retrieved from h t l p : / / x p l o r c b c p i i z . i e c e . o r £ / s t a m p / s t i u n p j s p ? f t j ^ r n u n i b e r = 5 3 5 9 0 3 6 .
7. P a n e h a l , J. (2011). F u z z y Classification -An Overview, R e t r i e v e d from h t t p : / / w w w . j i g n c s h p a n c h a l . c o m / C o n t e n t s / A c a d e m i
c / F u z z y C l a s s i l i c a t i o n , p p t .
8. S e m i r o m i , B . (2011). W a t e r quality index d e v e l o p m e n t u s i n g fuzzy logic: A c a s e study of tfie K a r o o n River of I r a n . Retrieved from h t t p ; / / w w w . a c a d e n i i c j Q u m a l s ^ r g / t u b y _ P D P / p d I 2 0 1 1 /5Scp/Babaei%20Scmu-omi%20et%20al.pdf.
9. T d n g c y c M o i t r u d n g (2011). Quyet dinhv^
vide b a n h i n h s d t a y h u d n g d a n tinh t o i n chi sd chat
l u p n g n u d e . From h t l p : / / w w w n e a g n v v n / v n / r i n t i i r / t i n n n i b o / D o c m i l £
n t s / 1 5 0 7 2 Q l l % 2 0 f 5 ) . p d f .
10. B p T i i n g u y d n v i M d i t r u d n g (2011). Quy^t d j n h v4 vide b a n h i n h s d t a y h u d n g d a n tinh toan chi sd c h a t lirpTig n u d e . R e t r i e v e d from.
11. Y u , Z., & Q i a n g , D . Y . (2011). Quantitative E v a l u a t i o n M o d e l B a s e d o n Objective Weighting M e t h o d s t o E v a l u a t e t h e I n d o o r Air Quality
R e t r i e v e d fr"""
h t t p : / / i e e e x p l o r e . i e e e . o r g / s t a m p / s t a m p . j s p ? t o g & a n i u m b e r = 5 0 7 3 0 2 0 .
50 NONG NGHllP VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G T H 6 N - KY 2 - THANG 12/2012
KHOA HQC CdNGNGHl
STUDY A METHOD OF WATER QUALHY EVALUATION BASED ON FUZZY SET THEORY:
CASE STUDY APPLYING IN ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF ENTERPRISES Che Dinh Ly Summary
This paper proposes an evaluation model for water quality based on fuzzy set tlieory comprehensive. Based on water quality analyzed data. Nine pollution factors were used: pH, TSS, DO, turbidity, NOj-N, NOj-N, NH3-H, COD, total Coliform and evaluation grades based on guiding of the Decide 879/QD-TCMT of VEPA. The process of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation have five steps: (1) Establishing the V matrix (factor X controUing sample); (2) selection of quahty grading system by matrix U; (3) selection of method and calculation the weighting value for the factors contributing in evaluation; (4) calculation of the fuzzy matrix R for samples, (5) calculation of the value of vector of membership function to conclude the quahty grading of sample of controlling. By tlie digitizing of pollution grading follow the natural language (Serious, heavy, medium, slight, not yet pollution), specifying the membership function by probabihty pnnciple, after defuzzying the model allow conclusion of evaluation by natural language This help the environmental controller to evaluate scientifically also as precisely the quality of waste water of the enterpnses.
Keyword: Water quahty. water quahty evaluation, fuzzy comprehensive evaluabon, enterpnses environmental control, water environment
Ngudi phan bidn: PGS.TS. Pham Quang H i Ngiy nhin bii: 29/10/2012
Ngiy thdng qua phin bi§n: 6/12/2012 Ngiy duy^t ding: 12/12/2012
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 12/2012
