435 Of MIEN BAG VIET NAM (2006 - THANH PHAN LOAI CON TRUNG GAY HAI TREN HAT DAU DO SAU THU HOACH

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THANH PHAN LOAI CON TRUNG GAY HAI TREN HAT DAU DO SAU THU HOACH Of MIEN BAG VIET NAM (2006 - 2008)*

Nguyen Quy Duong, Vii Thi Hai, Nguyen Viet Hai, Le Nhat Thanh, Ho Thi Xuan Huong Cue Bao ve thuc vgi

Vii Quang Con ' "-•- Vien Sinh thdi vd Tdi nguyen sirih vgt

DATVANDE ' ' '^ ' " ; ' ;' • \ " '" .-.

Da CO nhieu c6ng trinh nghien ciiu ve thanh phan con triing gay hai tren cay dau d6 truoc thu hoach va bien phap phong tni chiing, trong khi d6 ket qua nghien ciiu ve thanh:

phan con tning gay hai tren dau d6 sau thu hoach 6 Viet Nam con rat it. Theo CABI (2006) va ket qua dieu tra c6n tning 1967 - 1968 ciia Viet Nam mod xac dinh dugc 11 loai con tning gay hai tren dau d6 sau thu hoach. Cac ket qua dieu tra c6n tning hai kho a Viet Nam tir 1964 den 2004 da ghi nhan c6 4 loai mpt thuoc hp Bruchidae (Nguyen Quy Duong, 2008). Gan day, do qua trinh giao thuong mo rpng, dau d6 dugc trao doi, buon ban nhieu ca trong va ngoai nuoc. Dieu nay lam tang nguy co xam nhap cac loai con tning gay hai nguy hiem tu nuoc ngoai vao trong nuoc, trong do co loai mgt dau Mexico (Zabrotes subfasciatiis Boheman) la doi tugng kiem dich thuc vat nh6m I ciia Viet Nam. Voi nhimg ly do do, viec dieu tra thanh phan c6n tning gay hai tren dau do sau thu hoach nham b6 sung cho danh muc dich hai tren dau do, kip thai phat hien d6i tugng kiem dich thuc vat ciia Viet Nam de bao vay tieu diet chiing la mpt doi hoi cap bach de nang cao hieu qua ciia c6ng tac kiem dich va bao ve thuc vat hien nay.

VAT LIEU VA PHl/ONG PHAP NGHIEN CLTU

Vat lieu va dia diem nghien cuu

Cac loai hat dau do tai cac kho, cac dai ly thu mua, kinh doanh dau do, cac co so che bien dau do tai cac tinh 6 mien Bac Viet Nam.

Tu 2006 den 2008 tiln hanh dilu tra tai 3 vung sinh thai n6ng nghiep phia Bac, bao g6m: - - Tay Bac bp: Dien Bien, Son La va Hoa Binh.

- D6ng Bic bp: Lao Cai, Yen Bai va Bac Giang.

- Dong bing song Hong: Ha Npi, Ha Tay, Nam Dinh, Ha Nam, Hai Phong va Bac Ninh.

' Da dupe dang trong Tap chi Bao vp th\rc vat, 2/2009; (224); tr. 11 - 17.

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Phuong phap nghien cuu

- Phuong phap thu thap mau: Mau dugc lay theo tieu chuan Viet Nam 4731 - 89:

Kilm dich thuc vat - Phuong phap lay mau.

- Phuang phap dinh loai: Viec phan tich, dinh loai sau mpt dua theo cac tai lieu va khoa dinh loai ciia Yvas Bousquet (1990), Haines (1991) va Bui Cong Hiln (1995).

KET QUA NGHIEN CUtJ VA THAO LUAN

Thanh phan loai con trung gay hai tren hat dau do sau thu hoach a mien Bac Viet Nam

Kit qua dilu tra thanh phan c6n triing gay hai tren hat dau d6 sau thu hoach 6 mien Bic trong 3 nam (2006 - 2008) dugc trinh bay 6 bang 1. Da thu thap va xac dinh dugc 25 loai thugc 12 hg cua 2 bg Coleoptera va Lepidoptera, trong do co 13 loai thugc nhom gay hai nguyen phat (chiem 52%) va 12 loai gay hai thii phat (chiem 48%). Cac loai gay hai thugc bg canh ciing (Coleoptera) la chu yeu (23 loai chiem 92%) trong s6 cac loai thu thap dugc. D6i vol dau d6, Bruchidae dugc xem la hg mpt gay hai nguyen phat quan trong nhit; Kit qua dilu tra ciia chiing t6i xac dinh dugc 4 loai thugc hg mpt nay. trong' d6 CO 3 loai da tung c6ng bo truoc day va 1 loai mpt dau Callosobruchus analis lan dau

tien phat hien thay 6 Viet Nam. •.' * Bang 1. Thanh phan loai con triing gay hai tren hat dau do sau thu hoach

o-mien Bic Viet Nam (2006-2008)

TT

1

2

3

4 5 6

Ten Vipt Nam

Mot thuoc la^

Mpt ca phe

Mgt due hgt nho

MQt dgu Mot dgu^

Mot dgu xanh

Ten khoa hpc

BQ Coleoptera Hp Anobiidae

Lasioderma serricome F.

Hp Anthridae

Araecervs fasciculatus (De Geer) HQ Bostrichidae

Rhyzopertha dominica (f.) Hp Bruchidae

Acanthoscelides obtectus Say Callosobruchus analis F.

Callosobruchus chinensis (L.)

Nhom gay h^i H?i

nguyen phat

_

X

X X X

H^i thip phat

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TT

7

8 9

10 11

12 13

14

15

16 17 18 19 20 21

22 23

24 25

Ten Vi$t Nam

Mpt dgu do

Mpt rau dai^

Mpt thoc det Tho NhT Ky

Mpt ggo^

Mpt ngo

Mpt ggo tho duoi^

Mpt tho duoi diem vang

Mpt ggo dpt

Mpt nhpn

Mpt khuan den^

Mpt khuan nhd^

Mpt dau dai' Mpt CO ranh' Mpt mat nho' Mpt bpt do

Mpt thoc Thai Lan' Mpt thoc Ion'

Ngai ggo Ngai bpt diem'

Ten khoa hpc

Callosobnjchus maculatus (F.) Hp Cucujidae

Cryptolestes pusillus Schonherr Cryptolestes turcicus (Grouville) Hp Curculionidae

Sitophilus oryzae (L.)

Sitophiluzeamais Motschulsky Hp Nitidulidae

Carpophilus dimidiatus (F.) Carpophilus hemipterus (L.) Hp Silvanidae

Ahasverus advena (Walt!) Hp Ptinidae

Gibbium psyloides Czenp Hp Tenebrlonldae

Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) Alphitobius laevigatus (F.) Lathticus oryzae Waterchouse Palorus foveicollis (Blair)

Paiorus subdepressus (Woilaston) Tribolium castaneum Herbst Hp Trogossitidae

Lophocateres pusillus (Kiug) Tenebroides mauntanicus L.

Bp Lepidoptera Hp Pyralidae

Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) Ephestia cautella Walker

Nhom gay hgi H9I

nguyen phat

X

X X

Hgi thLP phat

X X

X

X X X X X X

X X

Ghi chu: (') - Lo^i m<M dupe b6 sung

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Tan suat xuat hien cac loai con triing gay hai tren hat dau do sau thu hoach a mien Bac Viet Nam

Bang 2. Tan suat xuat hien cua cac loai con trung gay hai tren hat dau do sau thu hoach 6-mien Bic Viet Nam (2006 - 2008)

TT

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14- 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

24 25

Ten Vipt Nam

Mpt thuoc la Mpt ca phe Mpt dgc hgt nho Mpt dgu Mpt dgu Mpt dgu xanh Mpt dgu do Mpt rau dai

Mpt thoc dpt Tho NhT Ky Mpt ggo

Mpt ngo Mpt ggo tho duoi Mpt tho duoi diem vang Mpt ggo dpt

Mpt nhpn Mpt khuan den Mpt khuan nho Mpt dau dai Mpt CO ranh Mpt mit nho Mpt bpt do Mpt thoc Thai Lan Mpt thoc Ion

Ngai ggo Ngai bpt diem

Ten khoa hpc Bp Coleoptera

Hp Anobiidae

Hp Anthridae

Araecerus fasciculatus (De Geer) Hp Bostrichidae

Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) Hp Bruchidae

Acanthoscelides obtectus Say Callosobnjchus analis F.

Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) Hp Cucujidae

Ahasverus advena (Waltl) Hp Ptinidae

Gibbium psyloides Czenp Hp Tenebrionidae

Palorus subdepressus (Woilaston) Tribolium castaneum Herbst Hp Trogossitidae

Lophocateres pusillus (Klug) Tenebroides mauritanicus L.

Tdn suSt xuit hipn (%)

1,67 3,33 5,00 51,67

5,00 60,00 60,00 10,00 35,00 56,67 41,67 6,67 6,67 18,33

5,00 6,67 ' 6,67

1,67 1,67 1,67 1,67 6,67 1,67

10,00 10,00

Mirc dp bit g|ip

+ + + +++

+ +++

+++

++

+++

+ +

++

+ + + + + + + + +

++

Ghi chu: (+): Gap rit it (< 10%); (-t-+): GSp ft (10 - 35%); {+++): G5p nhiSu (> 35 - 75%);

{++++): Gap rit nhik (> 75%)

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Hat dau d6 la san pham pho bien, co mat 6 tat ca cac dia diem dieu tra trong 3 viing sinh thai va bi nhieu loai con tning gay hai. Tan suat xuat hien ciia cac loai c6n tning gay hai tren hat dau do ciing co su khac nhau dang ke. Ket qua bang 2 cho thiy, hiu hit cac loai thuoc nhom gay hai nguyen phat thuong xuat hien pho bien hon cac loai gay hai thii phat. Dieu nay la do viec dieu tra dugc thuc hien chii yeu tren cac loai hat dau con nguyen ven, do do it co dieu kien cho cac loai thii phat phat sinh gay hai. Trong s6 4 loai mpt dau gay hai thuoc hp Bruchidae 6 mien Bac Viet Nam thi co tod 3 loai thuong xuyen xuat hien voi tan suat bat gap tren 50%. Day la nhirng loai gay hai quan trpng va ph6 bien tren hat dau d6 sau thu hoach.

Thanh phan loai con triing gay hai tren hat dau do sau thu hoach theo cac quy mo bao quan ff mien Bac Viet Nam

Hien nay, co hai quy m6 bao quan chinh doi voi dau d6 la bao quan a quy m6 Ion trong kho nguyen lieu ciia nha may che bien va bao quan 6 quy mo nho trong dan va tai cac dai ly kinh doanh nho le dau d6. Ket qua dieu tra theo quy m6 bao quan dugc ghi nhan tai bang 3. Qua bang 3 cho thay, thanh phan loai thu thap dugc tren dau do bao quan 6 quy mo nho trong dan va tai cac dai ly (24 loai) phong phii hon so voi bao quan a quy m6 Ion tai cac kho cua cac nha may che bien (17 loai).

Bang 3. Thanh phan loai con triing gay hai tren hat dau do sau thu hoach theo quy mo bao quan a mien Bac Viet Nam (2006 - 2008)

TT

1

2

3

4 5 6 7

Ten Vipt Nam

Mpt thuoc la

Mpt ca phe

Mpt dgc hpt nho

Mpt dgu Mpt dgu Mpt dpu xanh Mpt dgu do

Ten khoa hpc

Bp Coleoptera Hp Anobiidae

Hp Anthridae

Araecems fasciculatus (De Geer) Hp Bostrichidae

Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) Hp Bruchidae

Acanthoscelides obtectus Say Callosobruchus analis F.

Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) Hp Cucujidae

Quy mo bao quan Quy mo lan

(kho cua nha may chi bISn)

x

X X

Quy mo nho (hp dan, hp kinh doanh)

X

X X X X

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TT

8 9

10 11

12 13

14

15

16 17 18 19 20 21

22 23

24 25

Ten Vipt Nam

Mpt rSu dai

Mpt thoc dpt Tho NhT Ky

Mpt gpo Mpt ngo

Mpt gpo tho duoi Mpt tho duoi diem vang

Mpt ggo dpt

Mpt nhpn

Mpt khuan den Mpt khuan nho Mpt dau dai Mpt e6 ranh Mpt mat nho Mpt bpt do

Mpt th6c Thai Lan Mpt thoc Ion

Ngai gpo Ngai bpt diem

Ten khoa hpc

Ahasverus advena (Waltl) Hp Ptinidae

Gibbium psyloides Czenp Hp Tenebrionidae

Palorus subdepressus (Woilaston) Tribolium castaneum Herbst Hp Trogossitidae

Lophocateres pusillus (Klug) Tenebroides mauritanicus L.

Quy mo bao quan Quy mo ldn

(kho cua nha may ch§ biSn)

X

X X

X

X X X

X X

X

Quy mo '. nho (hp

dan, hp kinh doanh)

X X

X

X X

X X X

X X

KET LUAN

Trong 3 nam (2006 - 2008) da thu thap dugc 25 loai con tning gay hai thuoc 2 bp va

12 hp khac nhau tren dau do sau thu hoach o miln Bic Viet Nam, trong do co 23 loai

thuoc bp canh ciing (Coleoptera) va 2 loai thugc bg canh vay (Lepidoptera). Trong s6

25 loai c6n tning gay hai, co 13 loai thuoc nhom gay hai nguyen phat va 12 loai gay hai

thii phat.

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Da bo sung dugc 16 loai con tning gay hai vao danh muc con trimg gay hai tren dau d6 sau thu hoach 6 Viet Nam, trong do loai mpt dau Callosobruchus analis Fabr. lln dau tien dugc ghi nhan c6 mat 6 Viet Nam.

Thanh phan loai thu thap dugc tren dau do bao quan 6 quy m6 nho trong dan va tai cac dai ly (24 loai) phong phii hon so vod bao quan o quy mo Ion tai cac kho ciia cac nha may che bien (17 loai).

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO

1. Nguyin Quy Ducmg, 2008: Th^nh phan, hinh tlidi hpc, pho ky ehii v^ trieu chung gay hai cua con triing gay hai trong kho thupc hp Bruchidae, Chuyen &h tien sy.

2. Biii Cong Hien, 1995: Con triing hai kho, Nh^ xuit ban Khoa hpc v^ Ky thuat. Ha Npi.

3. Vi?n Bao vf thuc vat, 1976: KSt qua dieu tra con triing 1967 - 1968, Nhi xuat bin Nong thon, Wk Npi.

4. C.A.B International, 2006: Crop Protection Compendium, (CD - ROM), Wallingford, Oxon, UK. . 5. Haines, C.P., 1991: Insects and Arachnids of Tropical Stored Products; Their Biology and

Identification, Training Manual, Natural Resources Institute, UK.

6. Yves Bousquet, 1990: Beetles associated W\i\). stored products in Canada: An indentification guide, Research Branch Agriculture Canada.

SUMMARY

List of insect pests detecd on postharvested bean in the north of Vietnam (2006 - 2008)

As many as 25 species of insect pests have been detected in the postharvested bean seed in the period 2006 - 2008 in the North of Vietnam, of which 13 species are primary pests and 12 species are secondary pests. Most of them belong to Coleoptera order (23 species) and the others belong to Lepidoptera order. 16 species are added to the pest list on the postharvested bean in Vietnam, of which an important stored pest on postharvested bean seed belongs to Bruchidae family, Callosobruchus analis F. is deteced for the first time in Vietnam. The number of species collected on bean stored in the stocktooms of familis and agents is more abundant than that in the wraehouses of processing companies.