MOT SO BAI HOC KINH NGHIEM RUT RA TlJ CHUYEN DICH COf CAU
KINH TE NGANH NONG NGHIEP CUA THANH PHO HO CHI MINH
• BUI THANH GIANG
TOM TAT:
Thiic day chuyen dich cd cd'u kinh te (CCKT) ndi chung cung nhff cd ca'u kinh t6' nganh Nong ngiiiep ndi rieng c6 y nghTa he't sffc quan trong trong viec phdl huy tiem nang, the manh cua nen kinh l6'. La mot trong nhffng dia phffdng thffc hi^n tai cO ca'u nganh Ndng nghiep sdm nhd't, Thanh pho' Ho Clff Minh da cd sff chuyen dich va phat trien cao hdn so vdj cac tinh trong ca nffdc nhieu nam qua. Bai viet phan tich ke't qua dat dffdc tff qua trinh chuyen dich CCKT nganh Ndng nghidp cua Thanh pho H^ Chi Minh tff nam 2010 den ndm 2017, tff do rutra mdt s6'bai hpc kinh nghiem cho Thanh phd'va cac dia phffOng khac.
Tuf khoa: Chuyen dich cd ca'u, kinh tS' ndng nghiep, thanh phd' Ho Chi Minh.
1. Quan niem ve cd cS'u kinh tS', cd cau kinh t&' nganh ndng nghiep, chuyd'n djch cd ca'u kinh tS' nganh ndng nghiep
I.l. Quan niem ve cdcau kinh te Cf nifdc ta ton tai nhieu cac quan niem va cdch tie'p can khac nhau ve CCKT.
Theo Tff dien bdch Idioa Viet Nam: Cd ca'u kinh te'la td'ng the cdc ngdnh, linh vffc, bo phan kinh te' CO quan he hffu co tffdng do'i o'n dinh hop thanh.
Nhff vSy, ndi de'n CCKT la ndi de'n sff phan chia cac nganh, cdc ITnh vffc, cdc bd phan va md'i Uen hg giffa chung trong nen kinh le.
Theo quan diem ly ihuye'i he thd'ng: Cd cd'u kinh te la mot td'ng thi he thong kinh te bao gom nhieu ye'u to' cd quan he chat che vdi nhau, tac ddng qua lai vdi nhau trong nhffng khdng gian va thdi gian, nhffng dieu kien kinh le - xa hdi nhd't dinh, dffdc the hien ca ve mat dinh linh idn djnh Iffdng, ca ve so Iffdng vd chd't lifdng phu hdp vdi muc tieu dffdc xac dinh cua nen kinh te.
Mac du cd nhieu quan niem khdc nhau nhffng cd the hieu: Cd ca'u kinh te la l6ng the cdc nganh, ITnh viic, bd phdn kinh te vdi vi tri, ty trong Iffdng ffng va mdi quan he hffu cd Iffdng dd'i dn dinh giffa chung hop thanh.
1.2. Ccf cd'u kinh tS'nganh Ndng nghiep Co ca'u nganh kinh te la tdng hdp cdc ngdnh kinh te. Md'i quan he ly le giffa cac nganh lai the hien d vi tri va ty trong cua tffng nganh trong tdng the nen kinh te. Khi nghien cffu ve cd ca'u nganh kinh ti cua mot quoc gia, ngu'di ta thffdng phdn lich 3 nhdm nganh chinh la: ndng nghiep, cong nghi6p, dich vu (nganh cd'p 1). Tuy theo muc dich, tinh chd't, mffc dd nghien cffu ma cd the chia ra cdc phan nganh (nganh cd'p II), nhff: Trong trot, chan nudi.,. trong ndng nghiep; cO khi, luyen kim, nang Iffdng... trong cong nghiep; nganh ca'p III (Ida, mau...) trong trong trot.. Co can nganh kinh te' la mot b6 phdn cO bdn ca'u thanh cO cd'u cua nen kinh te quo'c ddn.
3 6 So 5-Thang 3/2020
KINH TE
Torn lai, CCKT nganh Nong nghiep la tdng the cac mdi quan he chu yeu theo ty le v^ so'Iffdng vd cha't lu-dng iirong ddi dn dinh cua cac yd'u td kinh te - xa hoi CO lien quan de'n san xuat ndng nghiep irong khoang thdi gian va khong gian nha't dinh.
1.3. Chuyen dich cd cau kinh le'ngdnh nong nghiep
Chuyen dich CCKT la qua trinh lam thay ddi ca'u true, ty trong, id'c do va chd't Iffdng cdc moi quan he kinh te nganh, vung va thanh phan kinh te nham dat idi mot CCKT hop ly hdn, tao the va Iffc mdi cho tang trffdng va phdt trien kinh te - xa hoi.
Chuyen dich CCKT nganh vffa la thay ddi ve so' lifdng, vi tri, ly trpng va md'i quan he giffa cdc nganh; vffa la sff thay ddi ve Iffdng va cha't trong ndi bp cdc nganh. Chuyen dich cd cd'u kinh le ngdnh dd chinh la thay ddi cdc cd ca'u cu, lac hau, khdng phu hop thanh nhffng cd ca'u mdi hoan thien vd phii hdphon. Nhff vay, thffc chd't ddy la sff dieu chinh mdi quan he, ty trpng giffa cac ngdnh sao cho phu hdp vdi cac muc deu kinh te - xd hpi da xdc dinh d tffng thdi ky phdt trien.
Vi vay, cd the hieu: Chuyen dich cd ca'u kinh te ngdnh Ndng nghiep Id qud trinh lam thay ddi cdc quan he so' Iffdng, vi iri, ty trpng va md'i quan he Iffdng lac ciia cac nganh kinh te trong ndng nghiep de phQ hdp vdi sif tie'n bo cua khoa hpc.
cong nghe, nhu cau thi trffdng nham sff dung cd hieu qua mpi yeu to' nguon Iffc cua dd't nffdc.
2. Ke't qua cua chuyen dich cd ca'u kinh t^' nganh nong nghiep cua Thanh pho'Hd Chi Minh
2.1. Thanh tUu dat duac a. Cdc chi tieu kinh te
Theo sd Ueu cua Cue Thdng ke, tff nam 2000 de'n nam 2017, kinh te Thanh phd Ho Chi Minh (TP.
HCM) cd Id'c do tang tru'dng hinh qudn 10,24%/ndm, cao hdn ty le tang tnfdng chung cua ca nffdc trong giai doan nay la 6,74%/ndm. (Bieu do 1)
Trong giai doan Iffndm 2006-2017, to'c dp tdng trffdng cua hai ngdnh Cdng nghiep vd Dich vu khong dat chi tieu de ra do nhffng vd'n de khd khan cua kinh te' trong nifdc vd the' gidi. Tuy nhien, nganh Ndng nghiep van tdng hinh qudn 5,79%/nam trong 7 nam 2011-2017, cd ban dat muc deu, nhiSm vu, ke'hoach phat tnen nganh cua Thanh phd dat ra. (Bidu do 2)
Xet ve ty Irong, nganh Ndng nghiep cd xu hffdng ngay cang giam. Sau 18 nam, ly trpng nong nghiep giam xud'ng Iff 2.0% nam 2000 xud'ng 0.96% Irong nam 2017. Ty trpng giam cung vdi gia
\i\ gia tdng cua nganh Ndng nghiep hen tuc tdng va vffdl chi lieu cho Iha'y nganh Ndng nghiep dang ngdy cang chuyen dich theo hifdng hien dai, hieu qua vd ben vffng.
Bieu do 1: Bang toe <3g tang tri/dng cua cac nganh (%)
14.00 12.00 10.00 8.00 6.00 ' 4.00 - 2.00 0.00
12.20
10.10
5.00 10r70
9.90
6.00 10.00
8.30
5.10 . ^ 7 . 3 5
11.40
7.20
5.90 11.11
8.07 5.87
S , ^ . 0 7 7.88
5 . 8 1 _ 8.23
7.84 6.25
2006 - 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
—•-Djchvg -•—Cong nghilp Nong nghiep
Nguon: Tong hdp bdo cdo tinh hinh KT - XH cdc ndm ciia Cue Thd'ng ke
So 5 - T h a n g 3/2020 37
Bleu dS 2; Ty ttgng cac nganh trong GDP (%) Nam 2000
' 4 ^ ^ ^ ^
^^^^^^^B
^^y
2% • Cong nghiep69.54%
• Nong nghiep Nam 2017
'-mg!r^^m .K
I ^ £ L ^ ^
Dich vu
^
^ r 0.96%
Nguon: Tong hap bdo cdo tinh hinh KT - XH cdc ndm ciia CiiC Thdng ki
Tff ndm 2001, ndng nghiep TP.HCM dd thffc hi6n chuyen dich cd ca'u thong qua Chffdng trinh gid^ng cha't Iffdng cao vdi cdc dot phd 2 cdy - 2 con (ran an toan, dffa cayenne, bo sffa, tdm sii), den nam 2004 bd sung them cay hoa kieng va ca canh.
Giai doan tff nam 2005-2010, ndng nghiep thanh pho' dd thffc hien chuyen djch dien tich trong lua ndng sud't tha'p sang cac loai cdy trong, vdt nudi khdc cd hieu qua hdn nhff: rau, hoa kieng, thuy san, gdp phan nang cao gia tri san xua't nganh nong - 1dm - ngff nghiep dat 158,2 trieu dong/ha/nam (nam 2010).
Giai doan 2011 - 2014, ndng nghiep tdng trffdng dn dinh, gid tri san xud't tang hinh qudn 6%/ndm. Thu nhap binh qudn khu vffc nong thdn tinh de'n cuo'i nam 2014 la 3,31 tri6u ddng/ngu'di/thdng trong khi dd khu vifc thanh thi la 4,12 trieu ddng/ngffdi/lhang; khoang cdch thu nhdp giffa thanh thi va ndng thon ngay cang dffdc thu hep qua cdc nam. Ciing trong giai doan nay, Thanh pho'da day manh boat ddng khuyen nong, khuye'n ngff, chuyen giao cdng nghe, gid'ng mdi trong nong nghiep, cai tie'n ky thuat canh tac cho ndng dan trong rau, trong hoa, cay kieng. Vi vay, san xua't nong nghiep tren dia ban da cd bffdc chuyen bie'n mdi ve ndng sud't, chd't Iffdng, mot so' cdy trong, vat nudi chii Iffc deu tdng so vdi cung ky, san xud't theo hffdng VielGAP tie'p tuc phat huy tdc dung, cha't Iffdng ve sinh an loan thifc pham dffdc tang ci/dng, bffdc dau da md ra dffdc thi trffdng xua't khau.
Trong giai doan 2015-2017, Thanh pho'da lap trung day manh chuyen doi cd ca'u cdy trong, vdt nudi theo hffdng giam dien lich trong lua, mia hieu qua thd'p sang cdc loai cay trong, vat nudi cd hieu qua kinh te cao hdn. Thanh pho'da phdt trien nhieu
md hinh hieu qua nhff:
chuyen tff trong lua vdi Idi nhuan binh quan 17 trieu ddng/ha/nam sang trong rau cac loai cd Idi nhu§n khoang 300 600 trieu ddng/ha/nam (tang gd'p 17 - 35 lan); trong lan cac loai, Idi nhuan dat 800 trieu ddng - 1 ty ddng/ha/nam (tang gap 40 - 50 ian trdng lua) va nudi tdm su tham canh, ban tham canh, Idi nhuan gd'p 10 - 25 lan trdng lua. Vi vay, Irong giai doan nay, mac dij dien lich dd't san xud't ndng nghiep lien tuc giam, nhffng to'c dp tang trffdng ngdnh Nong nghiep van tang: giai doan 2015- 2017, GRDP tdng binh qudn 5,6%/nam, gia tri san xud't tdng binh quan 5,8%/ndm, cd cd'u gid tri san xua't nganh Ndng, Lam nghiep va Thuy san chuyen dich tich cffc, ty trpng ndng nghiep giam tff 71,6% xud'ng cdn 69,6% va ty trpng thuy san tdng tff 27,4% len 29,6%.
Nhin chung, nganh Ndng nghiep cua Thanh phd dang chuyen dan sang nong nghiep chd't Iffdng cao, ffng dung cac thanh tffu khoa hpc - ky thuat, dac biet la cdng nghe sinh hpc trong san xua't cac loai gid'ng cay, gid'ng con; chuyen dich cd cd'u sang cac loai cay, con mdi phii hdp vdi ddc thu cua ndng nghiep dd thi, ndng nghiep sinh thai.
b. Ve phdt trien dng dung khoa hoc - cong nghi Viec ffng dung ky ihuat, cdng nghe lien tie'n vao san xua't dffdc TP. HCM coi trpng. Thanh pho' Id ddn vi di dau trong ca nifdc ve ndng nghiep ffng dung cong nghe cao, dien hinh tren cdc ITnh vffc trdng trpt, chan nudi, thuy san.
Thanh phd' da dau Iff xay dffng va dffa vao hoat dpng Khu Ndng nghiep cong nghe cao Thanh phd' Iff ndm 2010 lai xa Pham Van Coi, huyen Cu Chi vdi dien tich 88ha. Den nam 2015 da cd 14/14 dff an dffdc cd'p gid'y chffng nhdn dIu tff. Trong giai doan 2011-2015, Trung tdm Cong nghe sinh hpc da trien khai thi cong ddng thdi 4 dff an thanh phan: Cd sd ha tang, Khu hanh chinh, Khu nghien cffu, Khu nha kinh - nha ludi nudi ca'y te'bdo thifc vat.
Tff nam 2016 de'n 2017, TP.HCM da hinh thanh nhieu loai hinh vd viing ndng nghi6p ffng dung cdng nghe cao hdn nffa, nhu' trdng du'a lu'di
38 So 5-Thang 3/2020
KINH TE
cho Idi nbudn 890 trieu ddng/ndm; trdng dl ngpl trong didu kign nhd mang, trdng trdn gia thd, he thdng tffdi nhd gipt cho Idi nhuan 1,2 ty ddng/ha;
hoa chuong trdng trong nha mang, gia the, tffdi nhd gipt cho Idi nhuan 2,2 ty ddng/ha/nam; mo hinh chan nudi bd thit lai gidng ngoai, chan nudi bo sffa cdng ngh^ cao... De'n nam 2017, gia hi san xua't nganh Ndng - Lam - Ngff nghiep cua TP.HCM dat 450 trieu ddng/ha/nam, gan gap 3 lan so vdi nam 2010. Gid tri san xua't trong trot tang tff 3,922 ty ddng len 5,379 ty ddng (tang binh quan 6,9%/nam), chan nudi tang tff 6,910 ty ddng len 7,822 ty ddng (tdng binh quan 7%/nam), thuy san lang iff 4,509 ty ddng len 6,354 ty ddng (tdng binh quan 10%/nam).
c Ve ket qud thttc hien Chuang trinh muc tieu qudc gia vi xdy dUng nong thon mdi tren dia bdn Thanh pho
Khu vffc ndng thon du'dc chu trpng dau tff va cd nhieu chuyen bie'n tich cffc, cac chffdng trinh ciia Thanh uy ve phdt trien kinh te - xd hpi ngoai thanh dffdc tridn khai nghiem tuc, cd hidu qua. De'n nam 2015 da cd 50/56 xa difdc Uy ban nhan ddn Thanh pho ban hdnh quyet dinh cdng nhan dat chuan ndng thon mdi.
Tff nam 2016 de'n nay, TP.HCM huy dpng gan 11,800 ty ddng de thffc hiSn Chffdng trinh Giam ngheo ben vffng. Tff nguon vdn nay, cac chinh sdch hd trd vd vay vd'n ffu dai, lang hpc bdng, mien giam hpc phi, day nghe, xdy mdi va sffa chffa nhd linh thifdng, tang the bao hiem y te'.. cho ngffdi ngheo dffdc dam bao tnen khai kjp thdi, day du va dung do'i tffdng. Den nam 2017, da giiip hdn 62.000 ho ngheo va hdn 20.000 ho can ngheo vffdn len va Thanh phd' dd hoan thanh muc tieu cd ban khong cdn bd ngheo theo chuan ngheo Thanh phd^ giai doan 2016 - 2020 trffdc thdi han 2 nam. Thanh phd cung dd dau tff hang ngan ly ddng dd hd trd phdt trien ha tang kinh te - xd hdi khu vffc nong thon.
Nhieu dff an dffa cac tie'n bp khoa hpc - ky thuat ffng dung vdo san xuat, chuyen ddi cd ca'u cdy trdng, vdt nudi nham nang cao nang sud't lao dpng, tang ihu nhap cho ndng dan.
2.2. Han che, kho khan vd cdc nguyen nhdn B^n canh nhffng dianh tffu dat dffdc, qua trinh chuydn dich c<3 ca'u kinh te nganh Nong nghiep cua TP. HCM cung gap nhieu khd khan:
(I) Sff phdt trien cua ndng nghiep thdi gian qua chffa tffdng xffng vdi tiem nang cua Thanh phd.
chffa ddiic dinh hffdng theo nhu cau cua thi trffdng nen lam phdt sinh san pham dff thffa; viec li6n ke't tieu thu ndng san chffa on dinh;.,. gdy khong it khd khan cho sff phat tnen cua ndng nghiep Thanh pho'. (2) Tdng sd'cd 6 chi tieu theo ke'hoach de ra nam 2014, trong dd cd 5 chi tieu Thanh pho' da vffdtso vdi ke hoach de ra, chicd 1 chi lieu khdng dat la gia tri san xud't binh quan tren ha da't san xud't ndng nghiep. Nguyen nhan do vi6c chuyen ddi cac cay trdng, vdt nudi van cdn chdm va chi tieu de ra qud cao so vdi to'c do tdng trffdng gia tri san xud't cua nganh. (3) Viec xay dffng cdc cdng trinh phu trd phuc vu san xua't nong nghiep cong nghe cao tren da't ndng nghiep gap nhieu khd khan, khdng the Ihffc hien dffdc. Quy djnh ve xay dffng cac cong trinh phuc vu san xud't nong nghiep chffa theo kip xu hffdng phat trien nong nghiep ffng dung cdng nghe cao, cdng nghe sinh hpc. (4) Dau tff cho san xud't ndng nghiep cdng nghe cao ddi hdi vd'n Idn. Viec tie'p can von vay tff cac td chffc tin dung de phat tnen san xua't ndng nghiep cong nghe cao cdn han che, do thie'u tdi san the chd'p; viec dinh gid dd't tai khu vffc ndng thdn cdn thd'p dSn de'n ngffdi nong ddn, hdp tdc xa va cac doanh nghiep gap khd khdn Irong vi^c dau tff md rpng san xua't. (5) Tap qudn san xud't nong nghiep vdn theo phffdng Ihffc truyen thd'ng, quy md san xud't nong nghiep cdn nhd le, lam ban che' viec xay dffng vung san xua't tap trung, cd san Iffdng Idn. Lao dpng trong ndng nghiep ngdy cang thie'u hut do sff chuyen dich sang cdc ITnh vffc khac, gia hda da lam anh hffdng nhieu trong qua trinh chuyen giao tie'n bp khoa hpc cong nghe. (6) Viec trien khai thffc hien cdc md hinh chudi lien ke't, chudi cung ffng, vd'n gdp bdng da't dai khi tham gia vao hdp lac xa, mo hinh cdc hdp tdc xd, td hdp lac kidu mdi, mac dii dffdc ddnh gid la nhan td mdi, tuy nhien md'i lien ket giffa doanh nghifip va ngu'di ddn can tie'p tuc hoan thien dd ngay cang chat che hdn.
3. Mot so'bai hoc kinh nghiem rut ra iH qua trinh chuyen dich cd ca'u kinh te' nganh Ndng nghi$p cua Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh
ThiZ nhdt, phdt huy viec van dung sdng tao vd linh hoat cdc chu irumg, chinh sdch vd xay dung sU tin tifdng cua ngUdi ddn vdo sU lanh dao cua Ddng vd chinh quyen dia phuang.
Dat dffdc ke't qua nhff hien nay. Dang bp, Chinh quyen va nhan dan Thanh phd' Ho Chi
So 5-Thang 3/2020 39
Minh dd nhdn Ihffc sdu sac cac quan didm, chu trffdng, chinh sdch cua Dang, Nha nffdc ve chuyen dich cd cau kinh le, trong do c6 chuyen dich cd cd'u kinh te nganh Nong nghiep va van dung sdng lao, linh boat, phu hdp vdi tinh hinh thffc lien cua dia phffdng. Thanh phd' Ho Chi Minh dd biet phdt huy Id'i da Idi thd la trung tdm kinh le' cua ca nffdc, da sdm xac dinh cd cd'u kinh te phii hdp vdi tffng vung, trong dd cd cd cd'u kinh te' nganh Ndng nghiep, manh dan dau tff vd'n chuyen dich cd cd'u san xud't. Ddng thdi dd n6u cao dnh than Iff life, tff cffdng ludn lim bi^n phap phat huy cd hiSu qua cac nguon life tai cho va thu hut dau tff tff ben ngodi, khong trdng chd vd y lai vao Trung ffdng.
Thit hai, trdnh mdu thudn giUa mtic tieu chuyen dich ca cdu kinh tS' ngdnh ndng nghiep vdi thUc trang dd't dai, ke't cd'u ha tdng dap itng cho qud trinh chuyen dich.
Quy dd't de phdt trien rffng, cay xanh, san xud't nong nghi6p cua Thanh phd' Hd Chi Minh Id cd gidi han, nhffng to'c dp dd thi hda tai mot so' quan, huySn kha nhanh lam thu hep dd'i nong nghiep, khd chu dpng trong san xud't, cung vdi dd gia tri trffc tie'p cua san xua'l ndng nghiep thanh phd' con thd'p so vdi cac nganh kinh te' khdc nen chifa khuye'n khich dffdc ngffdi ddn, doanh nghiep.
Hg thd^ng k6t cd'u ha tdng ndng nghifip, ndng thdn chffa phuc vu dac Iffc cho san xud't nong nghiep hang hda, raffc dau tff cho ITnh vffc nay chi dap ffng 1/3 nhu c^u n6n gay nhieu khd khan trong san xua't va tieu thu san pham. Cdng nghe che' bie'n, bao quan sau thu hoach chffa dffdc quan tdm dung mffc n6n ty Id thd'l ihodl vd s6' lifdng va chd't lifdng ndng san sau thu hoach Idn, kha nang md rpng thi trffdng vd canh tranh cua nong san hang hod bi han che'.
De khdc phuc mdu thuan nay can cd chinh sach, quy hoach vd k6'hoach sff dung dd't dai, dau Iff ke't cd'u ha ting hdp ly, bat kip vdi muc ti6u va tie'n dp chuyen dich cd cd'u kinh id nganh.
Thd ba, trdnh mdu thudn gida yeu cdu day nhanh chuyen dich ca cdu kinh te ngdnh Nong nghiep vdi chd't luang lao ddng dap dng cho qud trinh chuyen dich
Life iffdng lao ddng san xua't nong nghiep tren dia ban tuy ddng nhffng vSn thieu nhffng lao dpng cd trinh dp ky thudl va lay nghe cao, thieu cac nha doanh nghiep, cac chuyen gia cd tri thffc va kinh
nghiem quan Ii kinh doanh trong ITnh vffc nong nghiep. Ddy la nhffng bd't Ipi dac biet Idn dd'i vdi chuyen dich cd cd'u kinh le nganh Ndng nghiep trong bd'i canh hpi nhdp ngay cang sdu, rong vao nen kinh te the' gidi. Cdng tac chuydn giao lien bp khoa hoc - ky thudl vao san xud't, cdng tac hd trd dao tao nghd cho ndng dan con cbdm dffdc dffa vdo san xud't, mdi nang vd thi diem vd xdy dffng md hinh ffng dung d dien hep, viec nhdn rdng mo hinh chifa dffdc coi trong, day nhanh nen chifa lao dffdc sff tang nhanh, manh vd nang sud't, chd't lifdng vdt nudi, cdy trdng.
Do do, dd chuyen dich cd ca'u kinh te ngdnh Ndng nghiep nhanh chdng vd cd chd't Iffdng can dam bao ve so' Iffdng va chd't Iffdng lao dpng de kip thdi ddp ffng.
Thvt tu, trdnh mdu thudn giUa nhu cdu thu hut nguon vdn ddu tU di hiin dai hda kinh te ngdnh ndng nghiep vdi hieu qud ddu tU.
Nhffng rao hinh san xud't ndng ngbiSp ffng dung cdng nghe cao, cdng nghe sinh hpc, viec sff dung mdy mdc hien dai vao san xua'l ndng nghiep doi hdi vd'n dtu tif Idn. Viec k&u gpi, thu hut vd'n ddu tif vao nganh Ndng nghiep la dung dan nhffng phai dam bao ve hieu qua dau iff. Hieu qua sff dung vdn thd'p se gdy lang phi nguon vd'n va 1dm cho tinh trang thieu but vd'n se cang nang ne bdn. Chinh vi vay viec thu but vdn di ddi vdi dam bao hieu qua dau lif se lao didu kien thudn Idi de ndng nghiep Thdnh phd' tiep tuc phdt tridn nhanh va ben vffng, gdp phan ndng cao thu nhdp va cai thien ddi sd'ng ngifdi dan.
Thd ndm, can phdl tnen manh chuoi cung dng nong nghiep.
Xdy dffng va phdt trien chudi cung ffng bdng hoa nham dn dinh san xud't kinh doanh, giup giam chi phi va lang sffc canh tranh cho san phCm ndng nghiep. Do do, can lim kidm, mdi gpi siJf tham gia cua cdc doanh nghiep du t^m, du nang Iffc vd tam huyet. Chinh quyen dia phffdng vd nha khoa hoc can hd trd ndng ddn trong viec hud'n luy$n, tap hud'n, chuyen giao tidn bd ky thudl, quy trinh san xud't; xuc tidn thffdng mai; tang cffdng thong tin tuyen truyen, cung ca'p thdng tin de ngu'di tiSu dung bidt va ngay cdng sff dung nhieu hdn. Ben canh dd, cung c^n tang cifdng lien ket vdi cac tinh, thanh trong ca nffdc de hinh thanh chudi san xud't ddng bd tff khdu gidng - quy trinh san xud't - sd chd (che bidn) - lifiu diu san pham an loan •
40 So 5-Thdng 3/2020
KINH TE
TAI LI^U THAM KHAO;
/. Ddng Kim Son (2012), Tdi ccf cdu nin ndng nghiep Viet Nam theo hUdng gid tri gia tdng cao. Nxb Chinh tn qud'c gia -Suihdt.
2. Luang Minh Cii - Ddo Duy Hud'n - Pham Ddc Hdi (2012), Chuyin dich ca cdu kinh te, md hinh tdng trUdng kinh te thdnh phd Ho Chi Minh vd Viel Nam theo hudng canh tranh den ndm 2020, Nxb Tong hap thdnh phd Ho Chi Minh.
3. hltp://www.pso.hochiminhcity.gov.vn: Cue Thdng ke thdnh phd Ho Chi Minh.
Ngay nh^n bai: 12/2/2020
Ngay phan bi^n danh gia va sila chSa: 22/2/2020 Ngay cha'p nhan dang bai: 3/3/2020
Thong tin tdc gid:
ThS. NCS. BUI THANH GIANG Giang vi^n Khoa Hanh chinh va Phap lu^t
Phan hi§u Trtfcfng Dai hoc N^i vu Ha NOi tai TP. Hd Chi Minh
SOME LESSONS ON THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMIC RESTRUCTURING OF HO CHI MINH CITY
• Ph.D's student. Master. BUI THANH GIANG Lecturer, Department of Administration a n d Law Hanoi University of Home Affairs - Ho Chi Minh City Campus
ABSTRACT:
Promoting economic restructuring in general, agricultural economic restructuring in particular plays a very important role to promote the potential and strengths of the economy. Ho Chi Minh City IS one of the earliest localities in Vietnam to implement the agricultural restructuring. As a result, the city's agriculture sector has experienced a high development compared to the country's general agriculture sector for many years. This paper analyzes the results achieved from the agricultural economic restructuring process of Ho Chi Mmh City from 2010 to 2017 and concludes some lessons for the city and other localities.
Keywords: Reshncturing, agricultural economy. Ho Chi Minh City.
So 5 - T h d n g 3/2020 41