TAP CHi KHOA HQC DAI HQC VAN LANG Nguyen Chi Hung va tgk
MO HINH QUAN LY BAO CHI - TRUYEN THONG 6 VIET NAM (GOC DO CHINH TRI VA KINH TE)
JOURNALISM AND COMMUNICATION MANAGEMENT MODEL IN VIETNAM (POLITICAL & ECONOMIC VIEW)
NGUYEN CHi HUNG ^'^ va NGUYEN NGOC HAI ^"^
TOM TAT: Trong th&i dgi thdng tin hiin nay, viic qudn ly suphdt trien cua bdo chi vd truyen thdng Id vd cung quan trgng. Diiu ndy gdp phdn to ldn vdo viic bdo ve an ninh chinh tri vd xdy dyng nin kinh te vung mgnh. Bdi viit mo td, khdng dinh vipc Ddng, Nhd nu&c tap trung qudn ly bdo chi truyin thdng tic Trung uang din dia phuang la cdch qudn ly diing dan nhdt de cdc ca quan bdo chi vd truyin thdng gop phdn to l&n vdo su nghiep cdch mgng chung cita todn Ddng, todn ddn.
Tic khda: md hinh; bdo chi vd truyin thdng; Ludt Bdo ehi.
ABSTRACT: In the information age nowadays, managing the development of journalism and communication is extremely important. This contributes greatly to the protection of political security and a strong economy. The article describes and affirms that the Communist Party and the Government focus on managing the media is the most appropriate way for media and press agencies to contribute to the development of the country.
Keywords: model, journalism and communication, Press Law.
1. TONG QUAN VE M O HINH QUAN chi, cd 521 tap chi Trung uong, 137 tap chi LY BAO CHI - TRUYEN T H 6 N G 6' dja phuong.
VI^T NAM Nhirng td bdo cd sd lupng phdt hdnh Theo Lugt Bao chi Viet Nam 2016, ldn va dn djnh td 200.000 din 300.000 Viet Nam hien cd bdn loai hinh bao chi: ban/ngay, bao gdm: Nhdn Dan, Tudi Tre, bao in, bdo ndi (phdt thanh), bdo hinh Thanh Nien. Mot sd td bao khdc cd sd (tmyin hinh), bao didn tu (bao mgng). phat hanh khoang 50-100.000 bdn/ngay Thing ke cua Bg Thdng tin va Truyin bao gdm: Lao Dgng, Ha Ndi mdi, Sai thdng Viet Nam cho bilt, tinh din thang 12 Gdn Gidi Phdng,...
nam 2015, Viet Named 857 CO quan bao in Viet Nam cd 67 dai Phdt thanh [2]. Bao in cd hai dang: bao (nhdt bdo) va Truyin hinh, trong dd cd hai ddi qudc gia la tap chi. v l bao, cd 86 ca quan bao Trung Dai Tilng noi Viet Nam (VOV) vd Ddi uong, 113 ca quan bdo dia phuang. v l tgp truyin hinh Viet Nam (VTV). Cdc dai
'"' ThS. Tru&ng D^i hgc V5n Lang, Email: [email protected]
*"' Nha bao. Trirfimg B^i h(?c V3n Lang.
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TAP CHl KHOA HQC BAI HQC VAN LANG Sl 08/2018 truyen hinh Idn nhdt d Viet Nam gdm: Dai
Truyin hinh Viet Nam (VTV), Ddi Truyin hinh Ky thudt sd (VTC), Dai Phdt thanh - Truyen hinh Ha Ndi, Dai Truyen hinh Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh (HTV) va Dai truyin hinh Binh Duang (BTV). Nhiing dai truyin hinh nay da sdn xudt 75 kenh chuang trinh truyen hinh trd tidn va mua them 75 kdnh truyen hinh nude ngodi dd phat song tgi Viet Nam. Ngoai ra, cdn c6 700 ddi phat thanh - truydn hinh cdp qugn, huyen, 8.000 ddi truyin thanh xa, phudng, thj tran.
Viet Nam cd mdt hang thdng tdn Nhd nude CO ten ggi la Thdng tan xa Viet Nam, 105 bao, tgp chi dien tu (trong do cd 83 bdo, tap chi Id phien ban dien td cua ca quan bao in va 22 bdo, tap chi didn tu dgc lap ehi phat hanh trdn mgng), 1.525 trang thdng tin didn td tdng hop va 420 trang mgng xa hpi dugc cap phep boat ddng.
Tinh den cudi ndm 2015, Viet Nam cd khoang 35.000 ngudi lam viec trong ITnh vuc bao chi. Trong dd, cd 19.000 nha bao dugc cdp the nha bdo vd khoang 5.000 phdng vidn chua dupe cap the. Ti Id nhdn lyc cd trinh dp dgi hgc khodng 94% va tren dgi hgc la 5,5%.
Theo quy hoach bao chi (din ndm 2025) da dupe Bd Thdng tin vd Truyen thdng phd duyet, din hit nam 2017, sd lugng cdc ca quan bao in se giam vd vd ca ban, cae co quan bdo chi nay se phai tu can ddi tai chinh [1].
Dilu 7, Ludt Bao chi Viet Nam 2016 quy djnh rd ve chu the qudn ly Nha nude v l bao chi: Chinh phd thing nhdt qudn Iy Nha nude vd bdo chi; Bd Thdng tin vd Truyin thdng chju trdch nhipm trudc Chinh phu
thuc hien quan ly Nhd nude ve bao chi; cdc bd, CO quan ngang bp trong phgm vi nhidm vu, quydn ban cua minh cd traeh nhiem phdi hgp vdi Bd Thdng tin vd Truyin thdng thyc hidn qudn ly Nha nude ve bao chi; uy ban nhdn dan cap tinh trong pham vi nhidm vy, quyen hgn cua minh cd traeh nhiem quan ly Nhd nude vd bao chi tai dia phuang [4] (Trich dilu 7 - Ca quan qudn Iy nha nude ve bao chi, ludt bdo chi 2016),... Cdc ca quan chu quan bdo chi la cdc co quan lien ddi chiu trdch nhiem ve cac hogt ddng cua td bdo ma hp dung ra xin giay phep ra bdo va quan ly hoat dgng.
6 Viet Nam, Chinh phu khdng cap phep cho bao chi tu nhan. Vi vdy, theo dieu 14 Ludt Bao chi Viet Nam 2016, chi co mgt sd ddi tupng dugc phep xin thanh lap co quan bao chi. Nhirng ddi tupng nay dupe ggi la ca quan chu qudn, bao gdm:
Ca quan ciia Dang, ca quan Nhd nude, td chdc chinh trj xa hdi - nghd nghiep, td chii'c xa hpi, td chuc xa hpi - nghd nghiSp, td chuc tdn giao tu cap tinh hogc tuong duang trd len, boat dpng hop phdp theo quy djnh cua phap luat Viet Nam dupe thanh lap CO quan bdo chi;
Co sd gido dye dgi hgc theo quy djnh cua Ludt Giao due dai hpc; td chdc nghien cdu khoa hpc va phdt tridn cdng nghd dupe td chdc dudi hinh thdc vidn han lam, vi?n theo quy dinh cua Ludt khoa hgc va cdng nghd; bdnh vien cdp tinh hogc tuang duong trd len dupe thdnh lap tap chi khoa hpc.
Nhung CO quan bao chi co ca quan chii quan d Trung uang (Bdo Nhan Ddn, Tap chi COng San,...) dugc xIp vdo logi bdo chi cdp mdt, bao cd ca quan chu quan thupc tinh thanh (Bao Sai Gdn Gidi Phdng, Bdo
TAP CHI KHQA HQC B^l HQC V A N LANG Nguyen Chi Hung va tgk Ddng Nai,...) xIp logi bao chi cdp hai, bdo
cd CO quan chu qudn ti-yc thudc tinh thdnh (Bdo Tudi Tre, Bao Phy Nu Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh,...) xep logi bdo chi cdp ba.
2. MO HINH QUAN LY BAO CHI 6"
VIET NAM 2.1. Mo hinh chung
(1) Ddng Cgng san Viet Nam (Ban Tuyen gido); Djnh hudng phdt trien bao chi; Qudn ly td chuc can bg; Gidm sat, kiem tra qua trinh phat tridn cua bao chi.
(2) Nha nude: Chinh phd thdng nhdt quan ly bao chi; Chien luge, quy hoach, phat trien bao chi; Ddu tu' phdt trien (dao tgo, nghien ciiu, dng dung cdng nglie,...);
Quan ly hogt dgng theo phdp ludt.
(3) Ca quan chu qudn: Diing ten de nghj cap phep hogt dpng bao chi; Thanh lap, bd nhiem; Ngudn kinh phi; Qudn ly hoat dpng.
(4) Hdi Nhd bao: Td chdc chinh trj - xa hgi, nghe nghiep; Bdo vd quyln Ipi hdi vien; Tham gia xay dyng chidn luge, quy hoach; Tham gia tham dinh, bdi dudng, giam sat.
(5) Bdo chi: Ca quan ngdn ludn cua Ddng, Nhd nude, cac td chuc chinh trj - xa hdi va dien dan cua nhan dan; Chdc ndng:
thdng tin, tuyen truyin cd ddng, giam sat ddu tranh ehdng tieu cyc; Hoat ddng theo phap ludt ciia Nhd nude va Ludt Bao chi.
2.2. Md hinh quan ly Nhd nude (1) Chinh phu.
(2) Bd Thdng tin & Truyin thdng (Cyc bdo chi).
(3) Uy ban nhdn ddn tinh, thdnh phd (Sd Thdng tin vd Truydn thdng; Sd Ngogi vy).
(4) Cac boat dOng bao chi d Viet Nam vd bao chi Vidt Nam hogt dpng d nude ngoai.
(5) Bd ngoai giao - (Vy Thdng tin - Bao chi)
(6) Dai Tieng ndi Viet Nam Dai Truyin hinh Viet Nam.
(7) Phdng vidn nude ngoai boat ddng d Vidt Nam.
(8) Cac dai phdt thanh truyin hinh dia phuang, khu vyc.
3. NHAN XET CHUNG VIE; M 6 HINH QUAN LY BAO CHI 6' VIET NAM
K I td sau Chi thj sd 63-CT/TW, ngay 25/7/1990 vd tdng cudng sy lanh dgo ciia Dang ddi vdi cdng tac bao chi, xudt bdn ciia Ban Bi thu Trung uang Ddng (khda VI) cho din nay, md hinh qudn ly bdo chi cua Dang, Nha nude ta vdn la md hinh kha thdng nhat va dn djnh. Ddng hoach dinh chu truang va chinh sach phdt trien bao chi each mang Vipt Nam; ban hanh cdc chi thj, nghi quyet ve bao ehi; Nha nude the che hda, cy the hda va thyc hien quydn hgn, trdch nhi?m qudn ly Nhd nude vdi bdo chi.
Ddy Id nhiing djnh hudng va ca sd phap Iy de bao chi vd cac boat ddng lien quan den bao chi phdt triin vugt bdc; quyen tu do bao chi, ty do ngdn ludn tren bao chi cua nhan dan dugc bdo dam va phat huy trong khudn khd Hien phap vd Ludt Bdo chi; bdo chi Viet Nam phat trien mgnh me phyc vy cd hidu qua sy nghidp xay dung va bao vd Td qudc.
Sy phat triin rpng rai cua cdng nghe thdng tin trong thdi dai ngay nay da ldm the gidi thay ddi nhanh ehdng tren nhieu phuang dien, trong dd cd ITnh vyc bao chi vd truyin thdng. Tdt cd deu cd xu hudng
TAP CHl KHOA HQC BAI HQC VAN LANG So 08/2018 van dyng cac the mgnh cua cdng nghd.
Trudc tinh hinh dd, sy ldnh dao, qudn ly cua Dang, Nhd nude ciing khdng ngiing cai tien dap dng sy tien bd ciia xu hudng truyin thdng trong thdi dgi thdng tin.
Tuy nhien, md hinh qudn ly nganh bao chi va truyen thdng d Viet Nam ben canh nhirng thanh tyu to ldn vdn cdn nhiing hgn che nhat dinh. Nhung, nhin chung, dudi sy quan ly, lanh dgo cua Dang va Nha nude.
bdo chi Viet Nam khdng chi ndi Idn tieng ndi cua nhdn ddn, ma cdn gdp phdn to ldn ddi vdi vide xdy dyng, bao ve chu truang cua Dang va chinh sach ciia Nha nude.
Bdo chi Viet Nam trudc ddy da ddng gop nhidu trong chidn tranh, nay Igi gop phdn dn dinh chinh trj, bdo ve Td qudc, phat tridn kinh t l - xa hpi, nang cao ddn tri, van hda, ddn chd va hdi nhap qudc te.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Nguyen Thi Trudng Giang (2014), Bdo mgng dien tu - Nhiing vdn di ca bdn, Nxb.
Chinh trj Qudc gia. Ha Npi.
2. Nguydn Quang Hda (2016), Td chuc hogt dpng ca quan bdo chi, Nxb. Thdng tin va Truyin thdng, Hd Ngi. (Bdo cao tai Hdi nghj trien khai nhiem vy nam 2016 cua 4 don vi thudc khdi qudn ly thdng tin - bao chi cua Bp Thdng tin vd Truyen thdng ngdy 28/12/2015).
3. Hdi Nhd bao Viet Nam (1998), Trdch nhipm xa hpi vd nghTa vu cdng ddn ciia nhd bdo.
HdNpi.
4. Lugt Bdo chi Viit Nam (2016), Hd Npi.
5. Lugt Bdo chi - Vdn bdn quy phgm phdp lugt(20\6), Cdng Thdng tin dien tu Chinh phu.
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 23/3/2017. Ngay bidn tap xong: 03/11/2017. Duyet dang: 17/3/2018
