T R A N G 1 4
THONG TIN KHOA HOC CONG NU
GSTS. NGUYEN LAN DUNG:
MOT CACH NHIN KHAC VE CHAN HlfSG GIAO DUC
T
rong hodn cdnh mdt nadc ngheo nha v d y nhang d i i u hodn todn b d t n g d vdi tdi Iqi Id chdt lapng gido d u e rdt tdt. Tdi d nhd nhd mpt gido vien 56 tudi. Ong c d mpt c d u con trai dang hpc ndm t h d hai Dqi hpc, C d hai b d con ndi tieng Anh het sdc thdnh thqo. Hda ra mdt sd khdng ft tradng d Nepal hpc tieng Anh td... tradng Mdm non v d M d u gido (I), len cd'p I (5 ndm) d i u c d gid d q y tieng Anh d mpl tradng hpc, mpt so tradng chi d q y b d n g tieng Anh. Len cd'p II (5 ndm) mpt so tradng d q y b d n g tie'ng Nepal nhUng c d 1 tiet C45 phuf) tieng Anh mdi ngdy, ngapc Igi mpt so tradng d q y bdng tieng Anh vd chi c d 1 tiet tieng Nepal mdi tudn. Len cd'p III (chi cd 2 ndm-ldp 11 vd Idp 12) c d n g tadng tQ nhQ vdy- mdi tudn 1 tiet tieng Anh cho mpt so tradng v d 1 tiet tieng Nepal cho mdt sd tradng khde,Tdi mua hai cud'n sdch gido khoa Sinh hpc Idp 11 vd Idp 12 vd thQc sQ c d m thd'y xd'u hd (vJ fdl Id mot frong nhUng thdnh vien kiem dinh sdch gido khoa Sinh hoc d nudc fa). Sdch in d d y vd rdt d e p , bio cang, Cudn Sinh hpc Idp 11 d d y 627 trong khd 24 x 16 bdng tieng Anh (!) vdi ndi dung nha sou : Khdi niem v i sQ sdng, Sinh hpc te b d o , C d c phdn t d c u a sQ sd'ng, Ngudn g d c v d tien hda c u e sQ sd'ng,, Phdn lopl hpc, Gidl Khdi sinh, Gidi Nguyen sinh, Gidi ThQc vdt, Hinh thdi hpc thQc vdt hien hoa, Mdt sd dqi dien c u e c d y mot Id m d m vd hoi Id m d m , Gidi Ndm,
*• Tiep theo sd 5/2008 Gidi Dpng vdt, Dpng v q t c d xQdng sdng, Virut, Sinh thdi hpc v d Mdi tradng, Bdo ve thien nhien. Cudn Sinh hpc Idp 12 c u n g b d n g tieng Anh d d y 696 trang khd 22x14 vdi npi dung: Gidi p h d u hpc thac vdt. Mo dpng v q t , Mdi lien he vdi nadc, SQ thodt hdi nudc c u a thQc vdt, Quang hpp, Hd h d p , C d c chdt dieu hda sinh tradng thQc vdt, SQ c h u y e n dpng d thuc vqt, Di t r u y i n v d bien d j , V d t lieu di t r u y i n (DNA vd RNA) Md di t r u y i n v d Vdn gene, SQ bieu hien dl truyen v d d i i u h d a , C d c djnh luqt Mendel ve di t r u y i n , d d c diem vd b d n chd't SQ lien ket vd trao ddi c h e o . Lien ke't gidi tfnh v d di t r u y i n . Dot bien vd Da bdi the, Sinh sdn v d phdt then c u a thQc vdt hat kin, SQ hinh thdnh giao t d d thQc vdt, SQ thu phdn, thu tinh v d phdt trien c u a phdi, SQ phdt trien cua Ech, Dinh dQdng, He thdng tieu hda. He thdng hd hdp.
He thd'ng t u d n hodn. He thdng bdi tiet D i i u hda dp s u d t t h d m t h d u , vd tfnh ndi c d n b d n g . He thd'ng thdn kinh. He thd'ng ndi tiet, C d c gidc quan, Hp thd'ng sinh sdn, SQ t d n g d d n sd v d c d c vd'n d i lien quan, Bpnh tcit d ngadi: Xdc sudt xd hdi ve bpnh tdt, Cdc bpnh xd hdi, Benh khdng Idy nhiem: Ung tha, Dqi cQPng v i Cdng nghp sinh hpc, Nudi c d y te bdo thQc vqt, Khdi niem v i ky thudt chpn gid'ng vd nhQng ddng khdng benh c u a c d y trdng, Phdn xanh, Chd't khdng sinh v d Vdcxin, C d y g h e p m d v d c d quan, SQ choc di v d Em be d n g nghipm, Ky thudt Di truyin, Ky thuqt len men.
Sd d i tdi c d n trich d d n d d i ddng nhQ vdy Id de d i so sdnh vdi hai cud'n sdch gido khoa Idp 11 vd 12 c u a ta vQa mdng t e e v d vQa rdt ddn gidn (de'n mUc khd ra de fhl trung vdi cdc ndm trUdc).
Chfnh vi v d y tdi d d t khodt phdn ddi y kien cho rdng chQdng trinh v d sdch gido khoa c u a ta hipn nay dd c d the dn djnh trong 15 ndm tdi (!)
Tdi c d n g khdng the hieu d a p c vipc Idm sao md hpc sinh cd'p III c u a mpt nadc ngheo nhQ vgy Iqi c d the tiep thu b a n g tieng Anh mdt khdi IQdng kien thQc vQa phong phu vda hien dqi den mQc nhU v d y , Ai c d n tdi sdn sdng cho mQpn d e tham khdo.
Tdi hdi the c d c Idp hpc bdng tie'ng Nepal thi hpc loqi sdch ndo? C d u trd Idi Id vi cung mqt Chadng trinh d o Hpi d d n g gido due trddng c d p III (Higher Secondary Educafidn Board) cua Bd Gido d u e v d The thao (!) q u y dinh n§n chi khde
Sdr Khoa Hoc va Cong Nghe Binh Vhvidc /mmmm///soMnm
p G TIN KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
T R A N G 1nhau bdng ngdn ngd md thdi, Ndi dung c u n g tQdng tQ nhQ vqy (!) Tdi Iqi hdi tiep c d c t d c gid vd Nhd xudt bdn do Bd \vJa chpn d? Cdu trd Idi Id Bd chi qudn ly chQPng trinh md thdi. Viec viet vd in sdch Id chuypn c u a tdng nhdm t d c gid vd c u a c d c nhd xud't bdn tQ nhdn thQc hien. Cd the c d n h i i u cudn khde nhau, cud'n ndo hdp vdi chQdng trinh vd hay thi ngadi ta mdi mua. Cd Idn tranh ludn trong nadc tdi d d vf sdch gido khoa nha thudc ddnh rdng. Phdi du tieu chudn thi Bp Y te mdi cho lau hdnh, nhang mua lopi ndo Id tuy tdng ngadi, d d u c d ai sp loqn thudc ddnh rdng (I). Ddnh rdng d d Id mdt sQ so sdnh khgp khiing nhQng ddc q u y i n in sdch gido khoa thi ed le c h l c d nQdc to md thdi. Tdi Iqi hdi tiep: ChQdng trinh ndy c d phdi Id chi rieng c u e Nepal ? C d u trd Idi Id Chapng trinh ndy dQo tren chQdng trinh dang d q y d Hoa Ky (!) Hen gi md mdi ndm c d den 10 000 hpc sinh Nepal tdt nghiep cd'p III di du hpc tiep tqi c d c nadc phdt trien vd so ddng dapc nhqn hpc bdng do hpc gidi. Neu ke them ed khodng 10.000 ngadi Nepal di xud't khdu lao ddng thi mdi ndm c d den 20.000 ngadi Nepal di ra nadc ngodi hpc t d p vd Idm vipc, Nhin vdo danh sdch c d c tdc gid vd c p n g sQ c u a sdch Sinh vdt Idp 11 tdi thd'y todn Id c d c tien sT, thac sT ngQdi Nepal nhang d d n g chu y Id trong sd dd c d n h i i u ngadi dang Idm vipc d Hoa Ky. C d c h cpng tdc nha vgy thdt d d n g de chung ta hpc tqp.
Cud'n sdch Idp 11 dapc tdi bdn nhieu Idn, sudt t d ndm 2001 de'n nay, nhang cud'n sdch Idp 12 vi c d qud n h i i u npi dung c q p nhqt nen mdi chi xudt bdn Idn ddu vdo ndm 2007. Vdy thi Hdi ddng gido due Qudc gia chdc cung khdng the c d djnh mdi mdt chapng trinh dd'i vdi c d c ngdnh khoa hpc dong phdt trien nha Sinh hpc. Tin hpc...
Mpt nguyen nhdn quan trpng naa giup
ndng cao chdt I apng gido due d Nepal Id viec thQc hien phdn thdnh 3 ban khde nhau d Idp 11 vd Idp
12. Dd Id Ban Khoa hpc, Bon Qudn trj-Kinh doanh vd Ban Xd hdi - Nhdn vdn. Rieng ban Khoa hpc Iqi c d hai phdn ban: Vdt ly vd Sinh hpc. Hal phdn ban ndy hpc chung c d c mdn Todn hpc, Hda hpc, Tieng Anh, Mdy tfnh, nhQng phdn ban Sinh hpc thi khdng hpc Vdt ly vd ngapc Iqi phdn ban Vdt ly khdng hpc Sinh hpc. Nhd c d phdn ban ngay t d cd'p III nen hpc sinh d d c d djnh hadng khd rd cho vipc hpc tiep Cao d d n g , Dqi hpc hay c d c ngdnh Trung c d p , Dqy n g h i c d lien quan sou khi td't nghiep phd thdng. Klin thdc chung den het Idp 10 coi nhQ d d c d du de vdo ddi.
Ta cung phdn ro ba ban nhang khdng thdnh cdng vi chenh lech chi c d 10% thi chd c d nghTa ly gi, hPn nda Iqi dQ kien k i t hpp ky thi phd thdng vdi thi Cao d d n g , Dqi hpc thi cdn phdn ban Idm gi nda. K i t qud Id cdi gi cung hpc nhQng chd cdi gi biet ngang tdm hpc sinh phdn ban ngay vdi mdt nQdc rd't ngheo nha Nepal (I). Nguyen tdc khdng dapc Idy hpc sinh de Idm vdt thf nghipm d d khdng dapc qudn tript d nadc ta trong n h i i u ndm quo vd g d y nen mdt t d m trqng bdt dn cho todn xd hdi. Tqi sao to d d c d bao nhieu dodn dl khdo sdt nadc ngodi vdy md c d lung tdng hodi trong viec xdy dQng mot ChQdng trinh gido due phd thdng hodn chinh c d the d p dung Idu ddi. The ndo cung phdi sQo Lupt Gido due v i chuypn chi cho phep c d duy nhd't mpt bd sdch gido khoa, vd c d chuyen mong ten vd ly (TH phd thdng iqi cao hdn TH cd sd). Neu t d chdc trang c d u ddn y tdi tin chdc tuyet dqi da so ddn chdng se mud'n gid Iqi ten Cd'p I, Cd'p II vd C d p III. VQa quo tdi d i nghj ddi ten Bd Gido due vd Ddo tqo thdnh Bp Gido due nhQ td't c d c d c nQdc khde nhang khdng dapc Qud'c hdi nhd't trf chi visd td'n kem. Chfft thi c u n g xin Thu tadng quyet djnh cho ddi ten khi giao djch qudc t e , bdi vi chdng tdi rd't khd trd Idi c d c ban nadc ngodi Id tqi sao Viet Nam Iqi t d c h Gido due ra khdi Ddo tqo?
Ddng ngqc nhien hdn nda Id trong hieu sdch tdi cdn thd'y hai cud'n sdch gido khoa khde v i Cdng nghp sinh hpc ddnh cho Idp 11 vd Idp 12 (!). Tdi khdng mua vi d nQdc ta hpc slnhj<hdng d a p c hpc mdn ndy vd tdi sp hdnh ly qud tdi vi d d mua rdt nhieu sdch d b q c Dqi hpc v i Cong nghp sinh hpc vd Vi sinh vqt hpc rd't hipn dqi c u a c d c nhd xud't bdn d Nepal vd d An Dp vdi gid re bdt ngd.
56:06/2008//////////////////////// Sdr Khoa Hoc va Cong Ngh^ Binh PhifdTc
T R A N G 1 &
THONG TIN KHOA HOC CONG
C d c gido sa Nepal d d u c d d u n g hodn t o d n sdch c u a nadc ngodi. Hp du sQc viet ra c d c t d c p h d m b d n g tieng Anh c d gid trj vd phu hdp vdi hodn c d n h nQdc minh,
Mpt c d u hdi khdng the khdng d d t ra Id hpc hdnh khd nha v d y tqi mdt nadc rd't ngheo nha Nepal thi d d n g d d o hpc sinh Idm sao theo kjp. C d u trd Idi thdt ddn gidn. Gido d u e hinh ndn c u t c h d khdng phdi hinh dng (I). 5 Nepal thQc hien gido d u e phd c q p chi den b d c tieu hpc md thdi. Len de'n cd'p II chi c d khodng 40% qua dQdc ky thi td't nghiep, len den cd'p III chi ed khodng 60% tdt nghiep. Sou khi tdt nghiep cd'p III c u n g chi c d khodng 40% c d the d d vdo c d c tradng Dpi hpc vd Cao d d n g . Khdng h i c d chuyen ngdi nhdm Idp nha n h i i u ndm qua d nadc to. O Nepal chi c d 5 tradng Dqi hpc nhang Iqi c d rd't n h i i u tradng Cao d d n g . So td't nghiep Cao d d n g vd Dqi hpc loqi khd thadng tim c d hdi dl hpc tiep Thqc sT vd Tien sTtqi nadc ngodi. Tqi Nepal c h l c d khodng
15-20% thf sinh trdng t u y e n hpc Thqc sT trong nadc cdn Tien sTthi chi c d khodng 1% md thdi (!). Rd rdng d d u c d c d n that nhieu ngadi hpc Dpi hpc, c d n sou Dqi hpc thi c d g d n g d d o t q o d c d c nadc phdt trien c d n g nhieu c d n g tdt, Ngodi mpt phdn hpc b d n g , mdt phdn tdi trp c u a gia dinh rd't nhieu lau hpc sinh Nepal d d tim c d c h vQa lao ddng vdo hpc t a p tqi nadc ngodi, Mudn d a p c nha v d y thi tieng Anh phdi chudn bi t d rd't sdm d b d c phd thdng vd chadng trinh hpc phdi du sac de hdi nhdp qud'c te.
Tdi rd't c d c d m tinh khi thd'y t d t c d hpc sinh d Nepal deu mdc ddng phuc rd't d p p vd c d nam Idn nd ngay tQ b d c tieu hpc diu...thdt cra-vdt (I).
Thdi dp rdt hdn nhien, vui ve nhQng nghiem t u c , khdng thd'y em ndo d u a nghjch, treu gheo nhau tren dadng p h d Hp c d g d n g hpc theo khd ndng kinh te c d o tdng gia dinh, Neu phdi re ngang thi c u n g phdi hpc den ndi de'n chdn mdt n g h i nhdt djnh.
Mdt chuypn rdt vui Id v d o mdt budi tdi c d nhdm bqn be q u d c te ru nhau di dn tqi mpt ctfa hdng khd lich sQ. Mpt thanh nien phuc vu vdi phong c d c h rd't thdnh thqo, nhQng khi c d mdt b q n hdi: C d u c d biet Viet Nam d d d u khdng?. Anh to trd Idi thdn nhien: Cd le d...Chdu Phi (!). Cdng viec c u a hp d d u c d n hieu biet qud nhieu c d c t h d khde. Nen biet rdng trong khi chdt lapng hpc t d p c u a c d c tradng d i u rdt td't thi d Nepal vdn mdi chi c d 48,6 % d d n chdng t d 15 tudi trd len biet d p c , biet viet. Gido d u e hinh ndn cut d mdt nadc ngheo ddnh phdi nha vdy.
Chung ta hdn hdn Nepal v i c h u y e n ndy vdi ty le g d n nha todn d d n biet d p c , biet viet. V q y tqi sao to khdng the thay ddi Chadng trinh vd sdch gido khoa cho khdng thua kem c d c nadc phdt then. Tqi
sao ta khdng mqnh d q n b d bdt di c d c ndi dung hoc c d the coi Id vd b d (nhd thudc long bao nhieu so lieu, bao nhieu chi fief khdng ddng nhd vd co the flm dS ddng qua Internet khi cdn thief) . Tqi sao to khdng c h d n chinh Iqi viec hpc ngoql ngQ lien thdng t d cd'p I len Dqi hpc (cd'p ndo cung Iqi hoc gdn nftu fU ddu)? Tqi sao ta khdng tdn d u n g tdi da cdc trf thdc Viet k i i u thorn gia gidng d q y hay ft ra Id tham gia bien soqn sdch gido khoa, Tqi sao ta khdng phdn ban d hai ndm cudi cd'p p h d thdng de chdm dCft c d n h phdi hpc t h e m , d q y them trdn lan?...
Rdt nhieu nhd khoa hpc, nhd ngogi giao Nepal gidi giang t d m c d q u d c te dang hogt dpng d nadc ngodi nhang c h a a the v i nadc Idm vipc d a p c , vi hodn c d n h c u a hp khde hdn hodn cdnh c u a nadc ta. Nadc Nepal d a n g c d tdi 62 ddng phdi, chfnh trj c h a a dn dinh, kinh te chdm phdt trien, thieu d i i u kien nghien cQu hipn dqi, ladng trf thtfc rd't thdp... Hodn c d n h c u a chung to khdng den noi nha vqy. Vien nghien c a u c u a chung tdi tuy mdi chi d a p c d d u t a rd't ft nhang d d du sQc Idi cudn nhieu tie'n sTtdt nghiep tQ c d c nQdc phdt then v i Idm vipc.
Tiin ladng t u y t h d p nhang c d the tQ trang trdi bang chfnh thdnh q u d nghien c a u c u a minh, Vdn de Id Chfnh phu c d n iQa chpn cho d u n g mdi ITnh vQc mpt vdi c d sd nghien c d u c h u y e n sdu vd sou khi ddu tu du t d m se trao cho hp trdch nhiem gidi quyet bdng d a p c c d c vdn d i thdt sQ bQc xdc cho hien nay vd c d cho tadng lai. V i nghien c a u ang dung tdi cho rdng chi nen cho vay khdng Idi, neu khdng hodn thdnh nhiem vu phdi xudt todn 100% , ngapc lpi neu hodn thdnh thi c d n d a p c thadng them tadng xdng vdi thdnh q u d thu dQdc. Bp tradng Bd Tdi chfnh noi vdi tdi rdt tdn thdnh de xud't ndy vd se trao ddi vdi Bd tradng Bd Khoa hpc vd Cdng nghe de cd the sdm trien khai, Tdi tin rdng khdng ft nhd khoa hpc se c d c d n g hien d d n g ke md khdng c d n tranh gidnh nhau qua c d c c u d c d d u t h d u vdi nhdng d i tdi rd't ft y nghTa m d khdng biet do ai d d nghT ra (I). Dqi hpc phdi g d n lien vdi c d c Vien nghien cQu. Al cung biet dieu ndy, vi hdu het c d c nQdc d i u nha vdy, nhQng khdng hieu vi ly do gi md sQ c h u y e n dich d nQdc ta sao q u d c h d m c h i nhQ the?
Ld mdt t h d y gido d d hpc qua bo tradng SQ p h q m (Sd cd'p, Trung cdp vd Dqi hoc), Iqi dd day d Dqi hpc nda the ky, tdi khdng the khdng mqnh dgn neu len nhdng chfnh kien c u a minh, mqc ddu biet rdng khdng d i gi dQpc n h i i u ngQdi ddng tinh. Mong sao c d nhQng c u p c tranh ludn rdng rdi vd thQc sU d d n chu de c d the m a u c h d n g thay ddi dQdc tdt hdn tinh trqng gido d u e d nQdc ta. *