^ ^ «5) - 2013 - Cr aa>. * («» f*/.»t * ?
BIEN VAN NOM [F]
(QUA THAP GI61 CO HON QUOC NG0 VAN) -
M O T D I SAN VAN HOA PHI VAT THE
BDANGTHITUYfrMA]
T. Bien vdn Ndm vd gid tri bieu dgt cua nd
"Biln vdn la ldi viet n i m gida van xudi va van vin, dOng n h i l u dien den khd hieu, Idi le ehau chudt, t d n g d d e o gpt hoa mT, chu trpng b i n g trie, i m dieu hai hda'". 6 Viet Nam, t d thdi Bic thudc, Nho sT da sd dung thdnh thao cdch viet nay. Thdi Ly-Trin eie t h i ki, phO, chieu, cdo, bieu,... thudng diing b i l n vdn vd nhieu tac pham cd gid trj nghe thuit khd cao. Oen dcri Le - Nguyen, do yeu cau cua thi ed nen bien vdn ngdy cang ddpc sd dung rdng rai. Tuy nhien, cac sang tac bien vdn bang ehd Ndm khdng nhieu. Sau may bdi phu Ndm ddi Trin, d i n thdi thinh L l chi cd duy nhat mpt t i c pham b i l n van b i n g chd Ndm la Thap gidi cd hdn qudc ngd van cOa L l Thinh Tdng. So vdi bien van bang chd Hin, bien vdn Ndm ed sde bieu dat ddi sdng t i m tU tinh c i m g i n gui, phong phO, hap dan v i d d ba hon. Trong pham vi bdi v i l t niy, ehung tdi t i p trung tim hieu vdn Ndm trong Thdp gidi cd hon qudc ngd vdn - mpt dng vdn dpc ddo thdi thinh L l . 2. Vdn Ndm bien ngdu trong Thdp gidi cd hon quoc ngU vdn - soi chieu tit dgc tnmg co bdn cda bien vdn
Thdp gldl co hdn qudc ngd vdn Id mpt ang bien vdn tai hoa, ki thde ddng ehdy b i t tan cOa c i m xOc ngUPi n g h i sT cung dmh trong khudn khd mpt ang
b i l n vdn Ndm v i l t cho eoi tam linh. BOt phdp cua L l Thanh Tdng trong i n g b i l n vdn Nom dpc ddo va lythO.
2. h Thdp gidi cd hon quoc ngO vdn van dung phip doi rdt Hnh hogt
Nguyin tac ddi trong b i l n ngau cd nhdng yeu cau r i t chat che vd phdc tap. Trong bien v i n tdng cap cdu di song song ddi nhau. Yeu c i u gida hai cdu phai ed sd t d bang nhau, k i t cau ngd phdp gidng nhau, t d tinh ddi nhau^. Theo Le Quy Odn, cd siu p h l p ddi nhusau: ddi chinh danh, ddi ddng loai, ddi l i l n chau, ddi td tU, ddi tUu eu, bat ddi ehi ddi^Thdp gidi ed hdn qude ngdvdn van dung hau h i t ede p h l p doi eua cd n h i n mpt cdch khd linh boat, can doi, mUc thudc vd dien nhd. Cd khi sdu cdu, t i m cdu, thdm chi tren mudi c i u mdi dung mdt van. Ngay nhdng ddng md dau, t i e g i i dd sd dung phep ddi chinh danh hodn ehinh: "Ngua cda sd, kien dau ednh, xe ngay thdng de qua thoan thoit/Bpt g h l n h sdng, vd m i t nude, tda t h i n ngdi kip b i l n md md". Trong hai c i u t r i n , "Ngua eda sd"
ddi vdi "Bpt ghenh sdng" " k i l n d i u c i n h ' d d i vdi
"vd mat nudc','xe ngay thdng de qua thoan t h o i t "
ddi vdi 'tua than n g i i ki'p bien md md". Phep doi n h i n manh ve sU n g i n ngOi cOa ddi ngudi nhu k i l p sdng cOa con vd tren mat nudc. Cdng danh
Ho^ng Thi Tuyft Mai: Bun vin Ndm...
i]
nhugiac mpng dudi gde cay hde, cupc ddi phu du, bien ao nhu bdng ngua trang di qua cda sd. Kiln thde Nho giao, Phdt giao deu duoc tdc gid huy ddng de viet len nhdng edu md dau nhu ldi djnh hudng vd k h i i lupc npi dung ehinh cOa todn bp van ban. Ody Id doi ddng loai; "Vinh hoa rap the/Cong nghiep hon ngudi" (Thd ba Gidi quan lieu). Cum td"edng danh rpp the" va "cdng nghiep hon ngudi"dang doi vcfi nhau, rat chinh v l c i u trOc vd ngd nghTa. D i y la ddi l i l n ehiu (chddiep dih ddi vdi nhau):"ICia Khdng Td ach noi Tran, Thai, mat da rau riu/No Luong Vu khdn thud Odi Thdnh, da dd lep lep" (Phan dau bai van). Hai td"rau rau" vd "lep lep" Id nhdng ehd diep dm, nam eudi hai e i u , ddi vdi nhau tao eho cau van bien ngau sU ddng ddi v l ngd phdp, ngd nghTa vd ve ca dm dieu. Hay: "Td Lang n i m Id gid dn suong, rupt sau rudi ruol/Chau Di thay hot com bdm m i , long tiec ngui ngui"
(Phin dau bdi vdn). Nhdng t d "rudi ruoi", "ngui ngui" la t d diep i m vdi nhau, chi tam trang, trang t h i i tinh eim cOa con ngudi. Hai t d vda ddi vdi nhau, vda bd sung ^ nghTa vd l i m rd hon mdt h i l n thde ddi sdng md ngUdi viet ki thac. Khi con ngUdi bi ddn vdo canh be tac, cung dudng nhuTd Vu ddi Hin di sd Hung Nd, bi ehua Thuin Vu b i t giam d eii 16 p h i i udng suong v i dn Idng chien de tdn tai.
Hoac nhu Chiu Dj ddi LdOng Vu Oe (Trung Qude), thud hdn vi p h i i di viet mudn k i l m an, khi ddi thay ai an cd hot com dinh m i eung them, sau nay hpc gidi ldm n i n su nghiep. Nhdng bdi hpc Ijch sd khdng mdi, nhung moi tde g i i van dung trong chi t i l t n g h i t h u i t khde nhau lai cd nhdng ldp nghTa mdi m l , h i p d i n rilng. Van b i l n ngau trong trudng hpp ed ddi lien chdu vda trang trong, vda thu thdi, vda muc thude, vda tdi hoa. Tie gid td ra kheo leo trong vile dyng c i u , tim td, ddt cac t d trong chinh the ehdt che tao y tho ddng ddi, ehd nghia t l chlnh va the h i l n cdi nhin tdng t r i i cua ngudi da chdng k i l n bao le thinh - suy, hung - vong cOa cupc t h i . Gii trj ehan thuc eOa ddi sdng duac nhin n h i n d phuong d i l n khai q u i t , g i i t n nhan vdn cOa tutudng dupc soi chilu t d t d m hdn ngUdi ddng dau ed quyln uy tdi thuong va cd sU rung cam sau sic vdi nhdng bien do cOa eude ddi.
Ngdi bOt eOa t i c gia eung to ra dieu luyln khi dung p h l p ddi t i tu(mupn nghia de ddi):"Ddn cdu
cung bat qudi, vdo mpt n i m tay/Lau van thuy thien son, trude ddi eon m i t " (Thd n i m gidi thiln van, dja ly). Theo Hdu Hdn thU, sao Bac Dau di chuyen theo tam cung Id: k i l n , khdm, can, chan, tdn, iy, khdn, dodi rdi trd v l trung uong, gpi Id ehin eung tat ea.Tdm eung t r i n dng vdi tdm que cua Kinh Dich, gpi Id bat q u i i . Cdu eung bdt qudi doi nghTa vdi Van thuy thien son, nghTa la mudn song nghln nui, d day ndi ede the dat. MUpn nghTa de ddi giOp t i e g i i bde Id sUam h i l u cOa minh ve kiln thdc vii tru, vdi cdi nhin thau td cdn khdn - mpt trong nhO^g pham e h i t hdng dau cOa ngudi kinh bang t l t h i , cai tn mudn dan. Cung vay, ddi tUu eil (chdcau ndo chpi vdi chd eiu ay) eung dUpcThap gidi ed hdn quoc ngd van sd dung kha rpng rai.
Ching han: " D i u quan tde re, tap t i n h phd dim nguyet, say hoa/Gdt dl chan ehl, dOng dtnh mudn mua hdi chac h i m " ( T h d t i m Gidi hoa nuong). De d i n g nhdn thay trong hai edu vdn bien ngau tren, L l Thdnh Tdng dung doi rat ti mi: dau - got, quan - dl, tdc re - chan chi, tap tenh - dOng dinh, phd - mudn, d i m nguyet - mua hdi, say hoa - chae ham.
Vdn lieng t d ngd vd vdn lieng tri thdc ddi sdng phong phu da eho vi chin Nho vdi t u t h I Idng long cOa d i n g ehi tdn thdi thjnh Le nhdng eiu van Nom sdng dpng, ehdn thUc. Gidi hoa nUOng dau khdng p h i i la phan ma ngudi v i l t dung cdng vd tdm huylt nhit* nhUng cieh hdnh vdn trong phin nay cd sdc hap dan, ldi cudn bdi tdi dung ngdn ngdvi am hieu cua t i e gia ve loai ngudi "say mdy mUa',
"dim trang gid". Gia trj r i n day trong phan ndy dim m i u sic Nho giio. Bat ddi ehi ddi cung la but phip ma L l Thanh Tdng the hien trong bdi: "Ay thinh h i l n nhdng d i n g anh hOng/Phii co khat doii ehi li^m 5ir[Phan dau bdi vdn). Hai edu t r i n khdng doi nhau v l td, cau, c i u true ngd phdp nhung van co y ddi. Ddi gida y"thanh hten", "ding anh hung'vdi tinh c i n h lOe that the cOa chi'nh ho. Phong thai, vj t h i , uy danh cOa hp vdn dupc xd hdi n l vi nhung khi sa CO, phai 'co khdt" cung nhu mpt sd eon ngudi binh thudng khae "doai ehi liem si'. Hai cau van v i n tiep ndi y cOa mach van trude do "No n i n byt, ddi n i n ma"va cd g i i tri nhdn sinh rd net.
Thip gidi cd hdn qudc ngd v i n la dng van md ngUdi viet dung edng kheo l l o , la dng vdn Ndm b i l n ngau dau tien cua b i e h o i n g de ngudi Viet
^ • ^ ( ^ ) - 2013 - Disin vin hdaph, vat the
ddnh de doaj thuong den the gidi cd hon - vdn Id mpt mien tdm linh bi hiem nhung van chiu sU quan li cOa dang tdi eao trj vi (ddc vua). Nhin nhdn mdt each thau sudt, tUde bd di vi the trj vl, eai nhin be tren, ngudi doc nhdn t h i y long yeu thuong ngdp trdn cua mpt eon ngUdi tran the vdi tdm hdn nhay cam biet se chia vdi nhiJng kiep ngudi trong cupc the von lam khd dau, nhilu thdng tram. Vi vay, g i i tri nhan van cua Thdp gidi cd hon quoc ngdvdn la rat ldn.
2.2. Thgp gidi co hon quoc ngQ vdn dung dien tai hoa
Trong van hpc trung dai, dien cd duoc xem Id bien phap tu td, la chiec chia khda cOa tdc pham de md ra the gidi bao la mudn mdu, mudn ve ma tde pham p h i n i n h , cung nhu the gidi tam hon sau xa, tham kfn nhung nhay e i m v i tinh te eda ngudi sang t i c . DOng dien Id "dUa vao sU vtec, lay eai y nghTa tuong tu, v i l n dan truyen ed de ehdng minh truyen nay'^Theo ehu thieh trong euon Tong tdp van hoc Viit Nam, tap 4, bddc dau thdng k l dupc 59 dien. Tat e i eae dien duac sd dung chO y l u la trin tinh than, h i u nhukhdng cd dien ndo dung nguyen dien. Trong v i n Ndm bien ngau ma ddi tupng hudng d i n Id'thdpgidi" dien ddpc sddung phdi sao cho kheo, phu hpp vdt vdi ngdn n g d v i tu duy ngudi Viet blnh ddn. Nhdng trd ngai v l sU phij hpp gida dien sd dung vdi phdng nen van hda, vdi nep nghT, n i p eim eOa ddi sdng la nhdng ngudng tiep nhan ma tac gia phai vUpt qua. O Thap gidi cd hdn quoc ngd v i n , ngudi cam but phii dung eong de cdc dien phO hop vdi mpt trudng lien tUdng khd ddc biet cua eoi tam linh, cua the gidi i o ma ngudi sdng tuy chua tdng kinh qua nhung lai ed n h i l u hinh dung ve nd. Ode biet, pham vi cOa cac dien khd rpng rdi, trong do cd dien CO thupe Bao gido vd t u tudng Ldo Trang (7 dien), dien cd P h i t giao (3 dien), cdn lai Id dien thupe v l nhdng n h i n vat ljch sd Trung Qudc, rut t d tho Dudng, Han ThU, Kinh djeh, Lue thao, Tam luoc...
Odng luu y la phan Gidi Nho sT dd cd tdi 17 dien Nho g i i o duac huy ddng, chua ke nhdng dien khde n i m r i i ric trong t o i n bp t i c pham. Dieu nay h i t sdc d l hieu, bdi le L l Thanh Tdng Id vj vua anh minh thdi ki ma qudc gia ddn toe dang manh iin tdng ngdy. Nho giao dUpc coi nhu phuong tien die
dung de xdy dung va dn djnh xa hpi. Trong 12 dong vdn b i l n ngau thupe phan Gidi Nho sTtie g i i sd dung tdi sd lupng dien k h i Idn (7 dien): Bd Ngan, Do Ldng, Lan Oinh, Lien xa, Non cao nUdc chay, gio cdc ban euong, Cdn, Bang... Nhdng cdu van: "Ddng Tao Odn gidng cd nghe trdng/Oen t u tudng ngang thiet cam thUong/Tuyet B i Ngan, hoa 0 6 Ling, ehang cau ehang la/Thiep lan dinh, tap Lien xd, moi net mpi mdu..."hudng den cai hay cua tho, cai tai cOa Nho sT, den t u t h I Ipng lay, hao sing eOa k l do dat hien vinh noi dan tri, kim bing, den tdm t h i vdng ehdi kinh bang t l t h i cOa nhitng bac hien Nho. TUu chung la mdi thien c i m , tin tudng ngdp trdn vdi sU nghiep ehinh tr| lay Nho giao l i m kim chi Nam trong thdi thjnh Le cOa Ijch sd ddn tpc.
Lang kfnh cda bdi bien vdn Ndm l i ldng kinh cOa d l tdnoi eda Khdng san Trinh, t h i m nda, dupe bo sung bdi vdn sdng phong phu, da dang cOa thuc t l ddi sdng dang van dpng noi ddn gian eua xa hpi Viet b i n dja. Su phong phu ve vdn sdng cdn t h i h i l n qua nhdng hieu biet cua t i c g i i v l Phat giao, Oao giao, tao n i n eai nhin da d i l n , g i i u ed, e i m hdng doi d i o , ehdn thUc trong bdi b i l n van dpc ddo cOa Itch sdvan Ndm ddn tpc.
2.3. Thanh ludt trong Thgp gidi cd hon qudc ngO vdn du duang vd hdp dan
Thanh ludt trong b i l n van Id yeu eiu ve h i l p van vd bang trac, tuy nhien khdng nghilm ngdt nhu trong tho, ma ehi yeu eau dai the. NgUdi viet phdi chO y d i n tiet tau, phdi hop dm trie (T), b i n g (B) sao eho du duong, nhdt khoan, len bdng xudng tram. V l nguyen tie, vdi cdu t U t u thi dung t i l t tau b i n g trie d ehd thd hai vd chd t h d tu. Vdi cdu luc tu, neu Id t i l t t i u 2/4 thi dOng bang trie d c h d thd hai, t h d t u , thd siu; neu Id edu t i l t t i u 3/3 thi dOng bang t r i e d chd thd ba vd t h d sdu. Ddng thdi gida hai v l trong cdu b i l n van tht yeu eiu b i n g t r i e p h i i ddi nhau. Trong T h i p gidi co hdn qude ngd van, tdc g i i sd dung nhdng cap ddi tao hiep v i n b i n g trac. Ddy Id nhdng edu t d t U : «Ham thoi (T) Nho phong (B)/Men n g h i (B) c d t d (T)» (ThdtUGidi Nho si). Hay: «Liu hay (B) ba k l (T)/G6m Ion (T) nam tdi (B)» (Thd b i y Gidi tudng quan). Ddy Id nhdng c i u luc tU tiet t i u 2/4 eo cieh ddi B - T va rat chuan, tao eho ngUdi doc cam giae d l nghe, d l
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Hoang Thj Tuy^t Man 3iAi vin Ndm...
n h i n , nhip nhang va ed phan c i n d o i : «Tieng thdt
" " (T)/eo a (B), eo pt (T)/Net Idm (B)/ehu6ng qui (T),
" chupng thanh (B) (Thd tdm Gidi hoa nuong). Tuy
~ vay, ed nhdng eau ciJng khdng tudn thu chat che l j cieh ddi B -T de tao thanh luit, cd chut p h i each,
•* chut linh hoat va chut phdng tung trong viec lua c i u chpn van tao eho nhdng ddng van gipng dieu gieu nhai, phe phdn, t h i h i l n cai nhin tuoi mdi va c h i n thuc ve nhdng bieu hien phong phu vd sinh dpng cOa cupc sdng mudn mdu: «De tre (T)/viec cda (T) viee nha [B)/Lo lang (T)/dinh dan (B) ddnh dOm (T), (Thd mudi Gidi dang td). Vdi nhdng cau luc t u t i l t tau 3/3, ed IOc Le Thanh Tdng sd dung B - T ddi tao am ludt rat chuan: «Sam cOa an (B), lo eOa mae (T)/San md thude (T), sap md cau (B)»
(Thd mudi Gidi dang td). Nhung, eung cd luc ong sd dung nhdng van (B) Hen tiep d l nhan manh sir la cd, ludi biing, ham choi cOa nhdng ddng td: «Bai dam he (B)/sang ddm hdi (T)/Chay cda Od (B)/la cda Mai (B)» (Thd mUdi Gidi ddng td). Vdi nhdng cau ddi hon, Le Thanh Tdng phdi hpp van B -T, phoi i m , dOng t d liy, t d ghep ddi h i t sdc linh hoat tdi hoa tao eho edu vdn hap dan, sinh dpng vd du ddong, tram bong: «Ai an vd, nhan nghTa cay voi, chau da dam dam/Nude mat gdng, tam su xdi ehiem, suoi da la cha» (Thdtam Gidi hoa nuong).
Caeh v i n dung linh hoat, sang tao thanh luit, viee lua chpn hinh i n h , vf von, so sdnh h i t sde sic sao, chan thUc vd day tfnh tham mT, b i l n vdn Ndm trong Thap gidi cd hdn qude ngd vdn cd sdc am i n h , sdc ldi cudn ngudi dpe, sdc cdm v i sde iay dpng s i u sic vdi nhdng ai tdng l i t gid nhdng trang b i l n van Ndm vao loai tuong ddi eo nay. Dau cung da xa lam ve mat thdi gian nhung ed mpt d i l u h i t sde g i n gui ve mat t u tudng, rang, ang vdn ndm Thap gidi cd hdn qude ngd v i n eho den tan n g i y nay van b i o lUu nhdng g i i trj tham miva nhdn vdn sdu xa ma L l Thanh Tdng - vj ehdnh sodi cOa thi p h i p hodng gia* tdng phat hien.
3. Nhiifng bdi ke ket thuc moi phdn - net ddc ddo cda Thgp gidi cd hon quocngifvdn
K i t thuc bang mdt bai ke ngan gpn Id mot net ddc sac cua van tho Phat giao thdi Ly - Trin. Cac t i e pham tieu bieu, nhU Khda hU lue cOaTrinThdi Tdng (viet b i n g chd Hin), Cu tran lac dao phu, Dae thu lam tuyen thdnh dao ca eOa Tran Nhdn
Tdng, Vjnh Hoa Yen tU phu cOa Huyen Quang (nhdng dng vdn Ndm) d i u sd dung nhdng bai ke de k i t thuc moi phan hoac todn bai. Bdi ke thudng truyen tai nhdng quan niem ve nhan sinh quan, vu tru quan dUdt lang kinh eOa ngUdi v i l t mpt each ngan gpn, de nhd. Neu ngudi chi!i truong theo Phat khuyen ngUdi ta khdng nin vUdng ban, tdng hudng Phat d l tim sUbinh yen, thi L^ T h i n h Tdng lai lam cho ngudi doe trdn trd, suy t u ve each sdng, ldi song, v l nhdng phij du, b i l n i o cOa euoe ddi va t d dd ddi dien vdi eupc ddi bang tdm the vdng chai va eii nhin thau sudt hon. Thap gidi cd hon qude ngd van cd mudi bai ke tuong Ung vdi mUdi "gidi" (loai) ngUdi trong xd hpi. Cac bdi ke dupc viet vdi cam hdng ddc bilt, cd gia trj ran day cd dpng. Van phong tdi hoa, u y l n bae v i gidu xue c i m . TrUdc khi viet nhdng ddng ke day thuong cam, tac g i i ludn bat dau bang cum t d ' H d i di!" neu nhdng due k i t cua hai cdi am - duong, sdng - ehet bang hai cum t d giau sde gpi eho tat e i cdc phan "sdng bdi ehung..." vd
"thac cho phii..."^ nhu mot ldi than nao n l cho sU phO du eOa k i l p ngUdi. Nhdng ddnh gia cOa t i c gia ve tdng hang ngUdi thuc su dupc due k i t sau hai td"s6ng bdi ehung..." Gidi thien tang "chUa sach mpc Idng nhan nhye", gidi quan lieu "bdo nghi day ngudi", gidi nho sT"Bdn bae sU ngUdi",...
t i t ed d i u Id nguyen cd de khi chet Id nhdng c6 hon t r d nen "ddi an khat udng", "phieu luu ddi ehdn","trim l u i n dia ngyc" "cO han ddi chdn". Ddi vdi nhdng cd hdn thudc gidi thdong cd, hoa nUOng, gidi dang t d , bai ke k i t thOc cOa cac phan n i y t i e g i i t d ra thuong eim vd ed p h i n trieh cd nhieu hon:"Ke than rang: Ndc khi t h i l n hUOng i o nhe sa/Lang Nam, ngd Bae thieu noi nha/Oanh mau lya mde hdng mua phan/Ngat ddng t i l n an de chac hoa/Lan than chang thuong t h i n huyen hda/Choc mdng nhdng mai su giao ea/Tile xuan khdng tiec, tiec ehang dupc/Ngay t h i n g ai hau ke dpi ta?"{Phin t h d tdm Gidi hoa nuong).
Cdm hdng ehung cCia nhdng bdi ke trong nhffng tdc pham cd mdu sic Phdt giao thdi l^ - Tran Id quan n i l m mpi ehuyen trong edi vd thudng nhucon gid t h o i n g qua, bdi hoc rOt ra la hay sdng an nhien bang cdi tam khdng vpng dpng vdi tat thiy. Dau vdy, cupe sdng vdn Id mpt ddng ehiy bat
^ ' * ( ^ ) - 2013 -a sin vin hda phi vat thi
t i n , luc hien hda, lOe eudng no bdi nhdng ddng thac md moi ea nhan don le khdng du sde phong t6a. Nhu t h i u td sunhd be, mong manh cua kiep ngUdi, nhdng bai ke eda Le Thdnh Tdng ngodi nhdng chan ly nhudm mdu sac ehUng ngd eCia the gidi Thien edn ed nhdng tran trd, ban khodn cho nhffng ndi dau t r i l n mien cOa eon ngddi noi tran t h i ehang bao gid hda gidi hit.Tham vpng cua bic de vUOng trong nhdng bdi ke dudng nhu ldn hon nhdng bdi hpc v l nhdn nghTa, v l dao ddc, ve t r i t tu vT md ma nhdng ngudi dung but Idng, kinh bang te the dang deo duoi.
Cii nhin c h i n thue ve cupc sdng, su rung c i m sau xa v l le song, v l sU mong manh eua k i l p ngUdi dupe khae tac trong nhdng c i u vdn ddng ddi.
Dudng nhu bac c h i n nho edeh ehung ta sdu the kl dd dem tdng khOe rupt qudn dau cOa minh lam but, trich tdng gipt le rdm mau cOa minh ldm mue, viet l l n mpt tinh t u ndng ndn da diet v l nhdng khd dau eOa edi nhan sinh. Ody Id noi Idng nha tho hay tieng ngdm hdn cupc sdng hien tai. Tuy v i l t de ddnh cho co hdn - t h i gidi ngudi ehit nhUng cung la ldi khde than cho n h i ^ g ngudi dang sdng ed sd phan khd dau dan v i t noi duong the.
A.Thayliiiket
Cd mpt ddng mach ldn hon c h i y t r i n qua nhffng eon ehd, vUpt bien khdi gidi han eua tam giio, vupt qua dUdng bien cua Ijch sd, cua gidi han van hda thdng thudng. Od l i Idng y l u vd bd ddi vdi con ngudi, la t r i l tim rung ddng vdi nhdng noi dau mang t i m nhdn loai.Tim vdc cOa Le Thinh Tdng v l phuong d i l n ddng gdp van chuong, theo chiing tdi Idn hon nhdng gi m i ljch sd nghiin edu van hpc nudc n h i da xde lap. flThap gidi co hdn qude ngd van, chat nghe sT trong eon ngudi hodng de dupc the hien phong phu, du ba hon nhilu so vdi nhdng bii tho xudng hpa noi gac tia lau son. "Thip gidi cd hon qudc ngff van Id mpt bai bien vdn vao loai khd nhit vd vdo loai cd gia trj trong nen vdn hpc c6 dai nudc ta"^Thdp gidi cd hon qudc ngdvdn Id mpt tdc phim v i n hoc Ndm qui gid eiJa Ijch sdvan chuong d i n tpe. " 6 the kl XV, cd dupc mot bdi b i l n vdn nhu bai nay that ddng qui. Bdi Thap gidi cd hon qudc ngff vdn dupe sdng tde kha edng phu. Chung ta cd the t u hdo ed mpt bdi vdn hay trong p h i n van hpc Ndm thdi cd dai"*. Mdt dieu dang ngudng mp hon
ed d bac vT dai Le Thanh Tdng Id ngudi da pha vdo p.
nhffng trang bien vdn Ndm d u vi cOa chu nghla 5^,3 nhdn van cao cd. D i l u ma, den tan the kl XVlll cdc ^ tac g i i van ehuong Viet Nam mdi thue sUquan tam -
thda ding./. M 1I.T.T.M ^
Chil thich:
1-Theo: Tran Thj Kim Anh v i Hoang Hdng Cam (bi4n soanH2012), Cdc fftevdnchu'Hon Wef Nom, Nxb. Khoa hocxa hdi,tr.19.
2- Danh td ddi vdi danh tif, ddng tir doi vdi ddng tCr, tinh td ddi vdi tinh tir, hi; tir ddi vdi hU tif. Cd nhan khdng cd khii niem ve tif tinh nhimg van mac nhien thiic hien nhif vay.
3- Xem: TrSn Thj Kim Anh vi Hoang Hdng Cam (bien soan) (2012), Cdc (he vdn chi? Hfl/i Viet Warn, Nxb. Khoa hocxa hdl. tr.18-23.
4-Theo chung tdi, tie gii die biet cd hdng thu va dung tim coi tfong Phan thil tU Gidi nho sT, Phan thil sau gidi lifong y, phan thd bay Gidi tifdng quan. Bdi le, ling kinh cua Le Thinh Tdng la Iang kinh ci!ia r\qUb\ chudng Nho vi quan tim nhat den nhiJng canh tay phii trd cho sif hUng thmh ciia chinh quyen ma ngUdi cai trj: Nho si, quan \\i\i, tu'dng quin...
5- Ldi cua LUu Ki$p trong muc SU loai sich Vin tam digu long, dan theo: Tran Thj Kim Anh va Hoing Hong Cam (bien soan] [2012), Cdc thivdn chUHdn VietNam, Nxb. Khoa hpc xi hdi,tr.21.
6- Chd diing ciia GS. Biii Duy T^n trong Li Thdnh Tdng - con ngudi vd su nghiip, Nxb. Dai hpc Qudc gia, 1997, tr. 114.
7- Rieng phan thd hai Gidi dao si sau chd'Hdi oi!' khdng thay cd hai cau dang nay nhU chin ph^n khic.
8- Phan Phu luc cua cudn: Pham Trpng Diem, Biit Van Nguyen phien am - chii giii - gidi thieu (1962), Hong DOc guoc dm thi tdp, Nxb. Van hda, tr. 274.
9- Phan Phu luc cuon: Pham Trpng Biem, Biii Van Nguyen philn im - chii giii - gidi thieu (1962), Hong 00c quoc dm thi r^p,Nxb.Vanhda,tr.284.
Tai lieu tham khio
1-Tran Thi Kim Anh va Hoing Hdng Cam (bien soan) (2012), Cdc the vdn chUHan Viit Nam. Nxb. Khoa hpc xa hdi.
2-Trung tim Khoa hoc xa hdi va nhin van qudc gia (2000), rdng tap Vdn hoc Viet Nam, tdp 4. Nxb. Khoa hpc xi hdi.
3- Pham Trong Oiem, Biii Van Nguyen phien am - chu giii- gidi thieu (1952), Hong D&c quoc dm thi tdp. Nxb.
Vin hda.