NBHIEN cut] H TBAOflOl j
MOT SO GIUI pmp mm cfio HIEU Que CONGT^CCHCTfiCH^Y
PGS, TS. NGO VAN XIEM Pho Tong bien lap T^ chi PC&CC
1. B^tv^nti
Giaa thing 6/2015 Tniiing D^i hgc PCCC t6 chA: HOi thio lihoa hgc vcf chu d§ "Nang cao hi§u qui cdng tac chila chay, dip iFng ygu c^u nhigm vg trong tinh hlnh mfl". Diy l i mM nSi dung quan trgng cua cdng tic PCCC, vi nang cao higu qui cOng tac chQa chay se gop phin t h ^ hign thing lgi mgc tigu quan tnjng cia l(lc iuoig PCCC l i han iM d^n mft; thcfp nhit thigt h^i ve ngiAi, t i i sin v i inh hufing mdi tnJ&ng do dim chiy giy ra. Bdi vl Irong 10 nim qua, til 2005 dfn hft 2014, theo thiing kg ciia CiB CSnh sit PCCC&CNCH, ca nudc da xiy ra 21,461 vu chiy lim chet v i bj thinng 2.352 nguM, giy thigt hai tryc tifp vf t i i sin quy thanh tign la 8.242 t j dSng. Rigng nim 2014 xay ra 2.375 vv chiy lim chft 90 nguM va hi thuong 143 ngubi, thigt hai vf tai sin gii tri 3.432 ty dfng (binh quin thigt hai vf tii sin gia tr| 1,445 ty dong/ vg chiy). Difu ding chii y l i s f vg xiy ra vdi difn tich chiy Idn, giy thift hai nghigm trgng co chifu h i ^ g gia tang.
Difn hinh l i : vg chiy xiy ra d xudng gf ciia Cdng ty Vigt Hi va kho hing cua Cfng ty Nippon Express tai Id 38B, Khu cdng nghifp Quang l^inh. Me Lmh, TP Hi nOi ngay 18/10/2014 da thigu rgi hoin toan 7000m' nhi xudng v i nhieu t i i sin kem Uieo vdi long gia tri tren 130 ty dfng. Vg chiy xiy ra d Cdng ty cf phSn Gify Thanh Dat thudc Khu cdng nghifp Phong Khf 2, tinh Bac Ninh ngay 4/5/2014 thigu ryi hon 5000m' nhi xudng v i t i l sin hon 100 ty dfng. Ngay 19/12/2014 xiy ra chay 6 kho hing cia Cfng ty cf phin Len Hi Ddng, quin Ha Odng lim thigu rgi hon 3000m' nha kho giy thift hai trgn 100,5 ty ddng.
Ngiy 25/6/2015 xiy ra chay tai Cdng ty TNHH Vift Long, Khg cdng nghigp Nhon Trach 3, OSng Nai da thifu rgi hoin toin '26 So 76
28.000m' nhi kho va xudng sin xuat, lim thigt hai ye t i i sin gia trj khoang 10 tngu USD. CJ nhDng vg chiy neg trgn, qga bio cao rut kinh nghigm cisti chDa, deu cho thay luc luong Cinh sat PCCC dja phiiJng da rat c f gang, tuy nhien do nhieu nguygn nhin chu quan va khich
quan khic nhau m i hifu qui cdng lie chuB chay cdn rS han chf, cd thf n«
l i rit thip. VI t h f vigc tf chflc Hfi thSo vdt SV tham gia ciia cic nhi khoa hgc chuydn gia va cac nhi quin IJ host dfng PCCC d i tir dd dua ra cic giii pliip hiU ich nhim ning cao hifu qui ctng tic
I HeWEH cflu H TBAO Btfl]
chib chiy l i hft sflc cin thift ca vf IJ diu thanh thgc nhft df sil dgng cd higu thdng Un vf vg chay kip thdi, diy dg luin va thgc tifn. qua mgi lyc liflig va phuong tign tham va khach puan; quyg't djnh thu hfi lyc 2, Hi;u q u i cBng tic chila chiy cin gia chBa chiy; vao vifc tf chflc tot cdng luijng, phuong tign trd vf don vj an toan llir(^ h i l u nhtf t h f nio? tac thiftng true sin sing chBa chiy d v i nhanh chdng dua vio che df thudng Df hifu dflng khii nigm niy, chflng don v|. tryc sin sang chifn dfu; to chulc rtit kinh ta cin lim rf va thfng nhft hai khii Thfl hai, kft qua cdng vigc huy dOng nghigm vu chiy dim tiio chat luijng d l nifm cd lidn quan trgc tifp l i higu qui luc ln«ig v i phudng tign cin thiet tham cd dupc nhiing bai hgc kinh nghigm can v i cdng tic chOa chiy. Vf ly thuyft, higu gia chBa chay la mft trang nhiing bign thift cho nhiing iSn di chiia chiy sau dat qui dUdc hifu l i kft qua thu dupc khi phip chiia chiy co ban theo quy djnh kft qui tot hon.
thyc hign mft cfng vifc phii ludn Idn ciia Difu 30 Li4t PCCC. Nd phg thufc 3. Mft s f g i i i phip ning cao hifu hon tfng chi phi de dat kft qui dd Nfu vio vifc xay dgng phtwng i n v i quy qui cdng tic chiia chiy it hon thi khdng cd higu qui, cdn bing trinh huy dfng Igc lugng v i phuong tifn Nhy vjy, higu qui cua cong tic chiia nhau thi chl l i cd higu qui dudi dang (cap bao ddng chifn diu); vao trinh chiy phg thgfc vio nhifg yfg t f nhgu danh nghTa, thiftng tinh dfi vdi cac cdng dd dOi ngg lyc igflng tham gia duijc phin ticli d trgn, ngn vigc xic djnh duac vigc cd y nghTa vg chinh tri, x i hfi. Dfi huy dfng; vio s f lUbng v i chflng loai gia tri thyc (dinh IUdng) higu qui cdng vdi hoat dfng cia mft tf chflc thi higu phuong tign dupc huy ddng cd phu hdp tic chiia chiy dfi vdi mft vu chiy cg thf qui dugc hifu l i mflc dd dat dugc nhung vdi tinh chat va die diem cia timg loai rit phfle tap v i khd thgc hien . \fl thf, mye tifu dadg ra, la cii dich m i hoat dim chiy hay khflng. Dam chay cf dign trang pham vi bai bao niy, chl dg cfp dfng cia mfi con ngudi trong tf chflc tich nhd nhung lal huy dfng qui nhigu dfn nhttng giii phap mang tinh dinh dd cin dat tdi. Khii nifm cflng tic chDa Igc lugng va phimg tifn se din dfn tinh, co y nghta quan trgng nhim ning chiy la tfng hgp cic edng vigc ma luc lang phi, ho5c dim chiy Idn nhttng lai eao higu qui edng tie chOa chay cfla lyc Imng PCCC phii thge hifn dJ dim bio huy dfng ft lue lumg v i phudng tifn thi lugng Cinh sit PCCC trong glai doan ChDa chiy cd hifu qui khi dim chiy xay khdng thf dap t i t dam chiy tfle iihdng hign nay.
ra, bao gSm: cdng vifc chuan bj df chOa cfl hifu qui. Cue Cinh sat PCCC&CNCH ein sdm chiy; huy dfng lyc ludng v i phuong tign ThO ba, kft qui tf chflc thgc hifn cic nghidn cflu xiy dyng ThOng ty cOa Bf cin thift tham gia chiia chay; tf chflc boat dfng chien diu cua can bf, chifn Cdng an quy djnh mang ludi bf tri cac thyc hign cie hoat dfng chifn dfu v i sy trang qui trinh dap t i t dam chiy, don vj Cinh sit PCCC tai cac thinh phf, cic hoat dfng khac cd lifn quan den bao gfm cac hoat dfng sau: nhin tin thj xa theo hudng rflt ngin thdi gian xe ChOa chiy nhim kjp thdi, nhanh chdng bao chiy phai nhanh chdng, kjp thdi va chay trgn duttig dfn dim chiy, thdng dfp t i t hoin toin dam ehay han ehf chinh xie noi xiy ra ehiy; bio dfng va s f tuang flng l i giim bin kinh bio vg dgin mflc thip nhit thigt hai vf ngifii, t i i xuat xe trgn dudng den dim chay theo cfla ddn vj trgn dia bin quin ly. Hifn sin v i mdi tnidng do dam chay giy ra. dudng di ngan v i an toin nhft; nhJn nay, Cinh sat PC&CC TP Hf Chl li/linh Cin cfl vio nfi him cfla nhttng khii djnh, dinh gii chinh xic tinh hlnh diin trong Df an quy hoach v i phit trifn lyc nifm ngu trgn, ed thf dya ra khii nigm bifn dim chay eiia chi huy chDa chay lugng dfn 2020, da df xuit phudng an hifu qui cflng tic chDa chay nhy sau; df kjp thdi ra cac quyft djnh chDa chiy bf tri cie ddn vj Cinh sit PCCC phu hdp Higu qui cdng tic chQa chiy l i kft qui phu hdp; tf ehfle tft cae hoat dflng cCftj vdi tifu chi thdi gian xe chay trin dudng thgc hifn eic cdng vigc thufc cfng tie ngui^, cflu t i i sin df bio vf v i ban chf dfn dim ehay l i 06 phflt. TP Hi Nfi da ChDa chiy vdi dSu tu v i chl phi it nhft vf dfn mflc thap nhit thigt hai cd t h i xiy triln khai mft s f dfli chDa chay khu vyc lyc iupng va phuong tifn tham gia chDa ra; trifn khai va b f tri cac dfi hlnh chOa tryc thufc Phdng Cinh sit PCCC quln, chiy, nhung dim bio dgp tat dam chay ehiy hyp ly, sfl dyng tfi uu edng suft huyfn tai nhDng noi cd nhifu cd sd nguy nhanh, ban chf dfn mflc thip nhit difn va phat huy dugc khi nang chien thugt hilm chay, nf. Day la hudng di dflng, tich chiy v i thift hai do dim chiy gay cua phudng tifn chDa chiy d l sfl dung nhung can co quy djnh v i sg hudng din ra, Nhuvfy, vf ly lu|n higu qui cfing tac ft nhit lye luong v i phuang tifn tham cu thf df thge hifn thfng nhft trong ChDa chay phg thuflc vio kft qui thgc gia chDa chay m i vln dap t i t dim chiy toin qude. Nfu rflt ngin dupe thdi gian hign nhDng nfi dung cua 04 cdng vige nhanh... 6 nfli dung niy, trpng tam l i chay ehiy, cd nghTa l i rflt ngin thcfi thuflc cdng tic chtta ehiy v i dupe giii higu qui phun chit chua chay vl t i t c i gian phat triln ty do cua dam chay, khi thich nhy sau: mpi boat ddng chig'n dau dfu h i ^ g tdi do difn tich ehiy cdn nhd thi higu qui Thfl nhit, dfi vdi cdng vigc chuin bj mgc tigg sfl dung it nhit chft chtta chay chtta chay cao. Tmdc mit, khi difu kien df chtta chiy khi cd dim chiy xiy ra. nhung lai nhanh chdng dgp tat dim kinh tf, vin hfla, xa hfli cdn nhigu khd Hifu qui efla cflng tic niy phg thuflc vio chiy lam giim mgi thigt hai dfn mflc khan, theo chung tfli ngn chia nhd cac vifc bdtri mang ludi cic donvi Cinh sit thfp nhft. eip phong ed quy md va bin kinh bio PCCC bio vf dja ban sao cho thdi gian Thfl tu, ket qui thuc hign eic eflng vg Idn ra mft s f dfli trgc thuflc cd quy xe chay dfn dim chiy nhanh nhit; vao vigc sau khi dam chay dupc dap tat bao mfl nhd, dign tich ndi lim vifc dfl cho kft qui cua cflng tic huin luygn chifn gfm: vigc loai trtt khi ning chiy lai; thu khoing 20 cin bf, chifn sy va 02 xe diu d l chl huy v i chifn sy cd ky thuit thjp v i ehuan bi eic s f lifu, tu ligu ed chtta ehiy thudng trye sin sang chiln v i ky ning thao tic eic hoat dflng chifn lign quan dfn dim chiy d l dua ra eic dfu, nhigm vg bfi dudng, huin luygn dua T ; p c h i P h o n g chay & Chfla c h i y [ 27 ] C'"' "^ ' ™ g SO)
M O T S O G I f i l PWP N A N G ZfiO...(Tiep,heo,rang27)
v i cic trung tim. Phuong i n niy dfi thgc hifn, v1 khfing phii diu tu nhiiu d$c bift khfing phii ting thfim bifin ehi' v i phUPng tifn chifin dfiu.
Cpc Cinh sit PCCC&CNCH sfim hoin thinh vifc xiy dpng cic cfip bio dfing ChQa chiy, phu hi$ vfii quy mfi, tfnh chfit nguy hifim chiy, nfi c i ^ cic cd sfi, nhim cd phupng i n huy dfing sfi lupng, Chung logi Igc lupng v i phgpng tifn thgm gia chOa ehiy hpp 1} viS ti/ng logi dim chiy. Vl dg, khi efl thfing tin bio ehiy xiy ra fi nha kho hay phin xufing sin xi^t tgi eic khu cfing nghifp, kho Xing diu, nhi cao ting, cfing trinh ngim... thi cfip bio dfing chQa ehiy phil l i efip 4 hc^e 5, cfip bio dfing cao nhit phii huy dfing nhiiu lpc lupng v i phitlng tifn tham gia chQa chiy. Giii phip niy giOp eho ngifA chl huy chQa chiy ChD dfing v i thgc hifn co hifu qui hdn khi triin khai cie hogt dfing chifin di'u trfin dim ehiy. Cinh sit PC&CC mfit sfi dja phupng nhu: TP Hi Nfii, Hfi Chl Minh, Nghf An... da va dang trifin khai xiy dpng phin min quin ly cic thfing sfi nguy hiim chiy, nfi ciJa cie CP sfi thufic difn quin ly v l PCCC. Diy l i ngufin cung cfip dQ lifu v i thfing tin
quan trpng de kfit hpp xiy dgng cac cfip bio dfing chay.
Tip trung hing cao chfit lupng huin luyfn 1^ thugt v i chifin thuit chQa chay cho dfii ngu cin bfi v i chifin sy chQa chiy. Uu tifin tnJdc hfit l i 1$ thuft phun chfit ChQa chiy dfi trinh ling phi. Chifin sy cim ling phii bifit phun ehfit chQa chiy vio diu? V i phun nhu thfi nio dfi ehfit ChQa chiy tifip xflc dupc vfii viing chiy, vung tac dfing nhift hay bfi m^t chi^ chiy... Vi fi nhBng vflng nhuvfy, cfl chfi lim ngflng sp chiy khic nhau va nfiu khfing thpc hifn dung cd chfi thi hlfu qui sfl dpng ehfit chQa chiy thfip, thim chf khflng dap t i t dupc dim chiy. Dupc bifit, hifn nay da sfi chifin sy eim ling phun ehfit chQa chiy l i chifin sy phpc vp cfl thi& hgn, thbi gian hufin luyfn it, Igi chua nim dupe ho^e nim khflng vQng ed chfi lim ngi^g sp chiy nfin khfing bifit each phun ehit ehOa chiy vio dam chiy d i dgt hifu qui cao nhfit. Tifip theo l i hufin luyfn ning eao trinh dfi v i ning Ipc hogt dfing eua ngufii chl huy chfla chiy v i mpt sfi nfii dung ehD yfiu sau:
Nim vOng ehie chflc ning, nhifm vp v i quyin hgn cua ngufii chl huy chife chiy theo quy djnh cfla phip luft dfi
tp tin khi dug ra cic quyfit djnh ehOa chay eta minh; Nim vQng tinh ning v i khi ning chifin thuJt cfla lue lupng v i phuong tifn ehOa chiy dfi khai thic sfl dgng co hifu qui va trinh ling phi trong chila ehay; Ky ning nhgn djnh, danh gia tinh h1nh diin bifin cfla dim chay, dp bio dupe eie tinh hufi'ng cfl the xay ra dfi chfl dfing d i ra cic biin phip XLT ly phfl hpp; Ky ning tfi chflc sp ph6\
kfit hpp nhim sD dgng cfi hlfu qui Ipc lupng v i phudng tifn dupc huy dfing tham gia chQa chiy.
NhDng vfin d l nfiu trfin dupc rflt ra ti^
cic bin bio eio riit kinh nghifm vp chiy trong thfii gian qua v i dfl la nhQng van d i hgn chfi ciia chl buy chQa ehiy cua Ipc lupng PCCC chflng ta hifn nay.
Cin thifit diu tfl, trang bj cae dgng cg, phppng tifn bio vf c i nhan cin bfi, chifin sy khi tham gia chite chiy d i hp tg bio vf an toin sflc khfie v i tinh mgng cua minh trong khi lim nhifm vp. Chl khi cfi eic phuong tifn bio vf, ngubi chi huy v i chifin sy chQa chiy mfii tifip cin gan dim chiy v i thgc hifn cac nhifm vp eflu ngufii, cflu t i i sin v i phun chfit chOa chiy cfi hifu qui dupc. MQt khi khfing tp bio vf nfii minh thi khfing thfi bib vf dupc ngi^ khic. Mic dii da CO vin bin cDa Bfi Cfing an quy djnh v i trang thifit bj bib vf c i nhin cin bfi, chifin sy Cinh sit PCCC khi di lim nhifm vp, nhPng efl thfi nfli cho dfin nay do nhiiu nguyfin nhin khic nhau m i quy djnh dfl ehua dupc thpc hifn dfiy dD v i dim bio ehfit lupng.a
fSO I So, 76 _ ! _ _ J thang thang 11/2015